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Objective: To demonstrate sexual dimorphism in serum leptin levels not only during puberty, but also in childhood in Japan. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Hamamatsu-Hokuen study in Japan. Subjects: Body weight and height were measured in normal-weight Japanese children and adolescents (143 boys, 178 girls), and 161 boys and 129 girls whose percentage of overweight for the standard (%Wt) was more than+25%. Serum leptin levels were compared with %Wt. Subjects were divided into group 1 (6–10 y of age) and group 2 (11–15 y of age) according to their age. Results: In overweight subjects, leptin was more highly correlated with %Wt in boys of group 2 (r=0.67, P

We examined the interactive effects of copper (Cu) and overweight (overweight) and obesity on outcomes of burn patients. We posited that higher baseline Cu among burn patients with overweight or obesity will be associated with poor clinical outcomes vs. patients with a normal weight.A retrospective review was conducted on patients with ≥20% total burn surface area (TBSA) with an initial measurement of Cu. Patients were grouped by body mass index (BMI). The interactions between baseline Cu and BMI groups on multiple burn patient outcomes were examined in a series of multiple regression models.One-hundred-and-sixty patients met eligibility (age 43.9 ± 17.5, males 86.3%, normal weight:overweight:obesity = 53:38:69). BMI groups did not differ significantly on demographics, burn severity, or baseline biochemistry. Normal weight patients with higher baseline Cu had shorter ICU stay (ICUS), shorter length of stay (LOS), and had fewer operations (Ps0.05). In contrast, overweight and obese patients with higher baseline Cu had longer ICU stay (p = 0.001 and p = 0.034), LOS (p = 0.005 and p = 0.066), and increased operations (p = 0.001 and p = 0.067).Higher baseline Cu seems associated with adverse outcomes in overweight and obese burn patients. Further research is needed to confirm this association and explore the direction of causality.

BACKGROUND Children malnutrition involves simultaneous deficiency of nutrients, leading to cardiac morphological and functional alterations. In this complex condition repolarization abnormalities can evolve. Also sexual dimorphism is a well-established phenomenon, but its influence on ventricular repolarization varies tremendously among races. No data are available about African children, so the aim of our work was to study the correlation between malnourishment and electrocardiographic repolarization parameters, and evaluating the sex influence. METHODS 307 children (mean age 7,6±3 years old) were consecutively enrolled in the north of Madagascar. The QT interval was measured and corrected (QTc) following the Bazett formula (QT/√RR). QT dispersion (QTcd) was defined as the difference between maximum and minimum QTc. Malnutrition was defined in relation to age and sex specific BMI values. Grade mild, moderate and severe were defined as the value to pass through BMI of 16, 17 and 18,5 at the age of 18. RESULTS 126 children (41%) were malnourished, 42 (13%) with mild, 61 (20%) moderate and 23 (7%) with a severe grade. No differences were found between normal weight and malnourished regarding the gender, age, height or heart rate. They had similar QT and QTc intervals (respectively 362,4±36 msec vs 365,1±47 msec for QT, p=0.59 and 476,9±43 msec vs 470±53 msec for QTc, p=0.70). QTcd was statistically higher in malnourished children (53,2±16 msec vs 44,4±15 msec, p

During the first 1000 days of life is the basis for a child's future health established.To evaluate the impact of a prenatal educational intervention in pregnant women on the nutritional status of the child from birth to 4 months of age.Quasi-experimental intervention design in women with at least 12 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) to participate in five group and three individual sessions on feeding practices and maternal perception of the child's weight and signals of hunger-satiety; the control group (CG) received routine care that included at least three prenatal consultations.Thirty women were included in each group. After the intervention, women in the CG practiced less exclusive breastfeeding, were more likely to underestimate or overestimate the children's weight, and perceived hunger-satiety signals with less intensity (p0.05). 80 % of the infants in the IG had normal weight, whereas 63 % of those in the CG had a combination of overweight and obesity (p0.05).The prenatal education program in pregnant women showed a significant effect on postnatal nutritional status of infants four months after birth.Durante los primeros 1000 días de vida se establece la base para la salud futura de un niño.Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa prenatal en mujeres embarazadas sobre el estado nutricional del hijo desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad.Diseño cuasiexperimental de intervención con mujeres a partir de la semana 12 de gestación, asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (GI) para recibir cinco sesiones grupales y tres individuales sobre prácticas de alimentación y percepción materna del peso del hijo y de señales de hambre-saciedad; el grupo control (GC) recibió atención de rutina que incluía al menos tres consultas prenatales.30 mujeres conformaron cada grupo. Después de la intervención, las mujeres del GC practicaron menos lactancia materna exclusiva, fueron propensas a subestimar o sobrestimar el peso del hijo y percibieron con menor intensidad las señales de hambre-saciedad (p0.05). El 80 % de los lactantes del GI presentaron peso normal y 63 % de los niños del GC, una combinación de sobrepeso y obesidad (p0.05).El programa de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas mostró un efecto significativo en el estado nutricional de los lactantes después de cuatro meses del nacimiento.

Objective: Advances in knowledge of neurotrophic factors are now revealing the complex control of energy homeostasis and appetite, as well as the crucial role these factors play in nervous system function. The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of neudesin in adolescents with obesity and to examine the relationship between these levels and metabolic outcomes. Methods: Adolescents, aged 10-17 years were enrolled. Subjects were divided into normal weight, obese and morbidly obese subgroups. Serum neudesin concentrations were compared between the groups. Results: In total, 88 adolescents were recruited, of whom 30 (34.1%) were normal weight, 15 (17.0%) were obese and 43 (48.9%) were morbidly obese. Neudesin levels were significantly lower in obese adolescents than in the control group (p=0.013). A correlation analysis applied to the whole study group revealed a negative correlation between serum neudesin concentration and body mass index (BMI) z scores (r=-0.40, p

Background: This study is a longitudinal analysis of how the transition of a mother, father, or any other family member to obesity affects the likelihood of children 5–12 years of age becoming adol...

The relationship between obesity and breast cancer stage is not well-known in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify the effect of body mass index (BMI) on initial breast cancer stage.Among patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer (stages 0-III) from June 2003 to December 2018, we analyzed 4510 patients for whom there were BMI data.The average BMI of our patients was 23.5 (14.2-44.9). In total, 4.6% and 24.2% of the patients had a BMI of ≥30 and 25-29.9, respectively. In the patients with obesity, the proportion of T2 to T4 was 41.4%, which was higher than that in patients with a BMI of 25 to 29 (28.4%; P = .001) or a BMI of25 (23.3%; P.001). There was no difference in positive rates of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor with BMI, but obese patients were less likely to be human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. Patients with higher stages were more likely to have a higher BMI. The effect of BMI on stage was stronger in patients50 years (odds ratio, 2.439; 95% CI, 1.783-3.335). Although there was no statistical significance, tumors2 cm were less likely to be palpable in obese patients than in patients of normal weight (nonpalpable in 33.8% and 27.0%, respectively).Our study suggests that obesity is associated with a more advanced breast cancer stage, which represents a poor prognosis, and large tumors tend to be less palpable in women with obesity.

Introducción: actualmente las enfermedades no transmisibles son una de las principales problemáticas de salud de América Latina debido a su alta tasa de mortalidad, en México, la morbilidad de éstas va en aumento en la población más joven, por esta razón la autopercepción de autocuidado juega un papel importante en la prevención puesto que, los universitarios tienden a cambiar sus hábitos diarios al ingresar a la universidad. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de autopercepción de la capacidad de autocuidado para la prevención de las enfermedades no transmisibles en estudiantes de la facultad de enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana. Estrategias metodológicas: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, prospectiva, transversal y no experimental en una muestra de 195 estudiantes, con muestreo no probabilístico por cuota, utilizando el cuestionario conductas de autocuidado, el análisis de datos se realizó a través del paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados: la autopercepción de autocuidado en el 95.9% fue muy buena y buena, el 85.6% tuvo un nivel de conocimiento bueno de exámenes de salud preventivos. Conclusión: el 56.9% posee un peso normal, respecto a la actividad física el 43.6% no la realiza por falta de tiempo, un 93.8% no consume drogas, en cuanto a exámenes preventivos el 62.6% los lleva a cabo.

Objective The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of state stay‐at‐home mandates on weight of US adults by BMI over 3 months during COVID‐19. Methods US adults completed an online questionnaire containing demographics, weight, physical activity, sedentary time, fruit/vegetable intake, depressive symptoms, stress, and sleep at baseline (May 2020) and after 3 months (August 2020). Results Participants gained 0.6 kg (76.7‐77.3 kg, p = 0.002). A total of 26% of those with obesity gained > 2 kg compared with 14.8% of those with normal weight (p < 0.001). A total of 53.3% of individuals with obesity maintained weight within 2 kg compared with 72.5% of those with normal weight (p < 0.001). Greater weight gain was related to longer stay‐at‐home mandates (β = 0.078, p = 0.010), lower baseline minutes of physical activity per day (β = −0.107, p = 0.004), greater declines in minutes of physical activity per day (β = −0.076, p = 0.026), depressive symptoms (β = 0.098, p = 0.034), and greater increases in time preparing food (β = 0.075, p = 0.031). Conclusions US adults gained weight, and stay‐at‐home mandates were associated with atypical weight gain and greater reported weight gain in individuals with obesity over 3 months.

espanolObjetivo. Analizar la asociacion entre seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 y enfermedades cronicas en adultos y adultos mayores mexicanos. Material y metodos. Se utilizo la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion 2020 sobre Covid-19 (Ensanut 2020 Covid-19) para evaluar la asociacion de sero-positividad a SARS-CoV-2 con hipertension arterial sistemica, diabetes tipo 2, indice de masa corporal, LDL-c elevado, HDL-c bajo, colesterol total elevado e hipertrigliceridemia. Resultados. Se observo una mayor seropositividad en per-sonas con mayor indice de masa corporal. La seroprevalencia fue 25% mayor entre los adultos que presentaban obesidad en comparacion con aquellos de peso normal en modelos ajustados (RP: 1.25 IC95%: 1.08,1.46). No se observo aso-ciacion entre seropositividad y otras enfermedades cronicas en adultos o adultos mayores. Conclusiones. Las personas con obesidad podrian tener una mayor susceptibilidad ala infeccion por SARS-CoV-2. Este hallazgo debe ser confirmado con estudios longitudinales. No se encontro evidencia de asociacion para otras enfermedades. EnglishObjective. To analyze the association between seropositiv-ity to SARS-CoV-2 and chronic diseases in Mexican adults and older adults. Materials and methods. We used the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19 to evaluate the association of seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, body mass in-dex, elevated LDL-c, low HDL-c, high total cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia. Results. We observeda higher seropositivity at higher body mass index levels. In adjusted models, seroprevalence was 25% higher among adults with obesity compared to those of normal weight (PR: 1.25 95%CI: 1.08,1.46). We did not observe any association between sero-positivity and other chronic diseases in adults or older adults. Conclusions. Adults with obesity could be at increased susceptibilityof SARS-CoV2 infection. This observation needs to be confirmed through longitudinal studies. We did not find evidence of an association with other chronic diseases.

Introducción: El aumento del sobrepeso y de la obesidad infantil se ha ido convirtiendo en un problema mundial en el ámbito de la salud física y psicológica. Este inconveniente tiene múltiples causas, entre las que se podría incluir el estilo parental. Objetivo: Conocer las posibles relaciones entre el estilo que los padres adoptan para educar a sus hijos y el sobrepeso y obesidad infantil de estos. Método: Las variables a estudiar fueron medidas a través de la Escala de Afecto (EA) y la Escala de Normas y Exigencias, suministradas a los niños y adolescentes. Dichas pruebas fueron aplicadas a 149 participantes de entre 12 y 16 años de edad, de los cuales 24 tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias significativas en los estilos educativos desde la perspectiva de los niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad o normopeso. Discusión: La percepción de los hijos sobre el estilo educativo parental no se relacionó con el peso corporal de estos.

Objective Numerous studies have demonstrated evidence of obesity bias in healthcare settings, however, little is known about obesity bias in the Emergency Department (ED). The objective of this study was to investigate obesity bias in an ED setting by assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and door-to-room (DTR) or door-to-provider (DTP) times among ED patients. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study of all adult patient (age ≥ 18 years of age) visits to 21 Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Health System EDs between November 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. We compared DTR and DTP times based on BMI category. Results We found that median DTR and DTP times for adults with class 3 obesity are significantly shorter than patients in the normal weight category. For men with class 3 obesity, median DTR and DTP times were 7.5% and 5.4% shorter than men in the normal weight category. Relative to women in the normal weight category, the median DTR and DTP times were 4.6% and 3.8% faster for women in obesity class 1, 4.9% and 5.1% faster for women in obesity class 2, and DTR was 4.4% faster for women in obesity class 3. These percentage differences translated to slightly shorter wait times of 0.4–1.2 min compared to median wait times for patients with normal BMI. Conclusion We did not find evidence of longer wait times experienced by people with obesity. Rather, patients with obesity often experienced wait times that were shorter than patients of normal weight.

Backgrounds:Milk well- known important source of human nutrition and contain considerable amounts of macro and micronutrients and have enormous health benefit. This study was performed to determine the nutritional knowledge and health benefit knowledge of diary and dairy products consumption among medical students at Benghazi university. Methodology:This a cross section study comprised of 541 students from branches of medical faculties in which 290 female and 251 male. Data were collected by using a semi-constructed questionnaire. Data was analysis by either mean ± SD or frequencies and percentages according to the natural of data. Chi-square test was used at α< 0.05. Results:The result of present work revealed that milk was consumed by one serving a day (53%) (P< 0.05), and among types of milks, whole fat milk significantly consumed (P< 0.05). Our result also shown that dairy products were highly consumed by one serving/day. Furthermore, 65.2 % of the students drink milk with tea (P=0.000). Nutrition knowledge of milk and dairy products reported that students have good knowledge score for nutritional knowledge questions and poor knowledge scores for questions related to health benefit with exception question on oral health (P< 0.05). Even though, the nutritional status of the students reveals that they fall under normal weight categories. However there were abnormal low levels of Hb, vitamin D have been found and abnormal high levels of calcium among male students. ConclusionDairy consumption among students was relatively higher with good nutritional knowledge of dairy and dairy products consumptions and poor knowledge regarding health benefit. The result of this study suggested that nutritional education program might be in great importance of dairy and dairy product knowledge and benefit. The data of this study needed to be validated in large samples.

Introduction: Obesity has significant physical and psychological implications along with severe impacts on social and interpersonal relationships of individuals. The present work is a comparative study between normal weight, overweight and obese individuals with respect to their personality traits and attachment in romantic relationships, it also aims to explore the relationship of body mass index with the variables chosen. Material And Method: The total sample size was 90. The study was conducted upon three groups-the three groups consisted of 30 normal weight participants, 30 overweight participants and 30 obese participants each. Participants were grouped on the basis of their Body Mass Index (BMI)- which was calculated from self-reported measures of height and weight. All participants were administered the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and the Experiences in Close Relationships- Revised Questionnaire. On the basis of the obtained data, an Independent Samples t-test was done to see if there existed any significant difference between the groups. A Pearson’s coefficient correlation was performed for the total sample and a Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to see if any of the variables were significant predictors of BMI for the present sample. Results: Significant differences existed between the groups in case of neuroticism, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. The BMI of adults in the present sample has a significant positive correlation with openness and anxious attachment in romantic relationships and a significant negative correlation with extraversion and conscientiousness. Openness and conscientiousness were also significant predictors of BMI for the present sample. Conclusion: The study adds significant findings to the interaction of obesity with the big five personality traits and sheds light on how attachment in romantic relationships is often affected by the weight stigma.

Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) rural adults in Xinjiang and to explore their influencing factors. Methods We selected 13,525 Uyghur, Kazakh and Han participants in Kashi, Yili and Shihezi areas in Xinjiang from 2009 to 2010. Weight status was classified according to body mass index. Metabolic phenotype was further defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results The prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 51.6, 30.2, and 14.4%, respectively. The mean age of the population was 45.04 years. The prevalence of MHO was 5.5% overall and was 38.5% among obese participants. The prevalence of MUNW was 15.5% overall and was 30.1% among normal weight participants. A metabolically healthy phenotype among obese individuals was positively associated with females and vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. However, this was inversely associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger waist circumference (WC). Conversely, a metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight individuals was positively associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger WC; this was however inversely associated with vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. Conclusions The prevalence of MHO among obese adults in Xinjiang is higher than that of Han adults, while the prevalence of MUNW among normal weight adults is lower than that among Han adults. In obese and normal weight participants, higher age, more red meat consumption, and larger WC increase the risk of metabolic abnormality, and more vegetable consumption reduces the risk of metabolic abnormality.

Despite the increasing prevalence and medical burden of obesity, the understanding of gastrointestinal physiology in obesity is scarce, which hampers drug development.To investigate the effect of obesity and food intake on gastrointestinal transit, pressure and pH.An exploratory cross-sectional study using a wireless motility capsule (SmartPill©) was performed in 11 participants with obesity and 11 age- and gender-matched participants with normal weight (group) in fasted and fed state (visit). During the first visit, the capsule was ingested after an overnight fast. During a second visit, the capsule was ingested after a nutritional drink to simulate fed state. Linear mixed models were constructed to compare segmental gastrointestinal transit, pressure and pH between groups (obesity or control) and within every group (fasted or fed).Food intake slowed gastric emptying in both groups (both P 0.0001), though food-induced gastric contractility was higher in participants with obesity compared to controls (P = 0.02). In the small intestine, a higher contractility (P = 0.001), shorter transit (P = 0.04) and lower median pH (P = 0.002) was observed in participants with obesity compared to controls. No differences were observed for colonic measurements.Obesity has a profound impact on gastrointestinal physiology, which should be taken into account for drug development.

The issue of inadequate or excessive children’s body weight, particularly in relation to their health, is also discussed by Czech experts in physical anthropology, auxology, paediatrics, endocrinology, etc. Overweight and obesity occur already at a younger school age, and some domestic and foreign sources report a higher prevalence in boys. The objective of this study was to describe distribution range in body weight categories among Czech children of younger school age (6 to 11 years) taking into account age and sex. Our research was carried out at 23 primary schools in 5 regions of the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2018. The research group consisted of 2,099 children aged 6 to 11 years (boys n = 1,015, 48.4%; girls n = 1,084, 51.6%). Probands were subjected to the standard anthropometric examination with body weight being assessed using the following assessment standards: the Czech national growth references, Nationwide Anthropological Survey of Czech Children and Adolescents (NAS), World Health Organisation (WHO) growth standards, and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) references were used. Statistical tests were carried out at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05; residual analysis. According to all three assessment standards, the highest prevalence of children with normal body weight was in both sexes; 45.8% of girls and 48.4% of boys, using the Czech assessment reference. Overweight and obesity were more predominant in boys (7.9% and 8.7%) than in girls (7.7% and 7.5%). One point seven percent of boys and girls were equally underweight, whereas the percentage of girls (22.3%) with reduced body weight was higher than in boys (20.3%). A significant difference between boys and girls was found in the category of reduced body weight in nine-year-old children. Using internationally recommended BMI references, more children fell into the category of normal body weight. Significant differences, in accordance with IOTF, between the number of severely underweight boys and girls were observed in 7-year-olds, slightly underweight in 9- and 11-year-olds, and overweight in 7-year-olds. In accordance with the WHO growth standards, significant differences appeared between eight-year-olds and eleven-year-olds obese boys and girls. Our research study revealed the prevalence in younger school age children body weight categories. Different BMI references were used to classify body weight. Significant differences between the number of boys and girls were observed in certain weight categories in seven-year-old, eight-year-old, nine-year-old and eleven-year-old children. Thus, the study confirmed the presence of differences in the number of boys and girls in specific body weight categories.

We evaluated the effects of fasting during Ramadan on nutritional intake and plasma lipoproteins in 20 healthy adults of normal weight. A 5-day food questionnaire was completed for every participant. Clinical investigations, anthropometrical measurements and laboratory analysis were also undertaken. Body weight, blood pressure and blood glucose were not influenced by fasting but there were non-significant modifications in the plasma lipid fractions. The total cholesterol remained unchanged. Total daily energy intake was comparable before, during and after Ramadan despite the decrease in meal frequency during fasting. Thus fasting in Ramadan did not affect dietary intake, clinical, anthropometrical and most biological parameters

The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus represented the major disaster in the world in this century. It impacted all fields in the life and in all countries in the world. Imaging techniques play an important role in supporting the diagnosis, grading, severity, guiding treatment, diagnosing complications, and assessing the response to treatment. More than 500 patients confirmed diagnosis with COVID-19 were consulted at private clinics in Basrah, Iraq from December 2019 till April 2021. Chest X-ray is generally the first-line imaging test in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 due to its usefulness, availability and low cost for our locality peoples. The chest X-ray may be normal in mild cases of disease. The most common findings are airspace opacities, which may be consolidations or, less frequently, ground-glass opacities. Males were 70% whereas females constituted 30% of the sample. Above 50 years was the age of the majority of patients. The mean age was 50.7±12.88 years. Smoker patients were 60%. Approximately, 49% of patients were obese, 20% overweight, and 31% with normal weight. Comorbidities were recorded in 62% of patients. In relation to marital status, 35% married, 23% divorce, 17% widowed, and 25% single. About 24% of patients were employer, 45% had no jobs, 25% were housewives, and only 6% were students. CXR play an important role in the management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. COVID-19 pneumonia is characterized by the presence of ground-glass opacities and/or consolidations, which are typically bilateral and peripheral.

IntroductionThe increase in the number of people affected by different metabolic disturbances, especially among young people, is alarming. It seems worthwhile to reappraise the usefulness of commonly used laboratory parameters potentially associated with metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome. Serum uric acid may be considered as an indicator and/or a predictor of metabolic disorders. We evaluated serum uric acid concentration in relation to metabolic syndrome, as well as metabolically obese normal weight features, and examined its usefulness in improving metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome diagnosis in young people.Material and methodsIn 349 apparently healthy people, aged 18-31, features of metabolic and metabolically obese normal weight syndrome and serum uric acid concentration were examined under fasting conditions.ResultsPrevalence of metabolic syndrome increased in uric acid quartiles, while the percentage of metabolically obese normal weight syndrome was at a similar level in all uric acid quartiles. A relationship between uric acid concentration and features of metabolic disorders in quartile and correlation analysis was revealed. Data mining techniques did not indicate the usefulness of uric acid for distinguishing people with metabolic syndrome from those with metabolically obese normal weight syndrome.ConclusionsWe confirmed that in young people an increase in uric acid levels is more closely related to metabolic syndrome features than insulin resistance. Serum uric acid concentration could not be recommended as an independent, strong marker of metabolic or metabolically obese normal weight syndrome occurrence in young people, but finding its elevated concentration should be an indicator for screening for other disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome.

A student’s weight is a particularly important characteristic in physical education. Research has shown that physical education teachers and people working in this area are particularly likely to hold strong negative implicit biases toward overweight students and that these students tend to earn lower grades in physical education. Stereotypes of overweight people might color teachers’ judgments of these students. In this study, we experimentally investigated whether overweight students received lower grades from physical education teachers on an exercise than normal weight students. We presented a verbal description of an exercise and asked teachers to grade a student’s performance and to judge the student’s social and working behaviors. Teachers gave lower grades to the overweight student, and regression analyses showed that their stereotypical beliefs predicted their judgments. Teachers’ motivation to control prejudice had no relation to their judgments. Nonetheless, our results showed that the same performance was graded worse only because the student was overweight.

Background The association between central obesity and cardiometabolic complications justifies exploring its association in normal-weight and overweight/obese (OW/OB) schoolchildren. Objective To describe cardiometabolic markers in four groups according to BMI/WC categories: (i) normal weight with central OB; (ii) normal weight without central OB; (iii) OW/OB with central OB and (iv) OW/OB without central OB, in a sample of Argentinean schoolchildren. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1264 Argentinean schoolchildren (624 F), aged 9.5 ± 2.2 years was performed between November 2013 and 2015. Children’s anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured. Children were divided into four groups: (i) normal weight with central OB; (ii) normal weight without central OB; (iii) OW/OB with central OB and (iv) OW/OB without central OB. Results The prevalence of normal-weight children without central OB was 64.3% (796), normal weight with central OB 5% (66), OW/OB without central OB 11% (137), and OW/OB with central OB 21% (265). Normal weight with central OB had significantly higher triglycerides than normal-weight children without central OB (86 vs 70 mg/dL, respectively) and OW/OB children without central OB (81 vs 77 mg/dL). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, systolic BP, HDL-C, triglycerides, and maternal WC were significantly associated with children’s WC; R2 = 0.50 as well as children’s BMI; R2 = 0.37. Conclusion This study found that children with central OB might be at future higher cardiometabolic risk than those without central OB independently of the presence of OW/OB. However, future longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm these findings.

Overweight and obesity are one of the most difficult medical and social problems of our time. Modern society is characterized by factors that cause obesity: sedentary lifestyle, irrational diet with a large proportion of refined foods, overeating, psychological stress, etc. However, the role of eating behavior (EB) disturbances in the formation of overweight and obesity has been insufficiently studied. The aim of the work is to determine the features of different types of EB in overweight and obesity depending on gender and age factors. Material and methods. There were surveyed 210 patients (105 women and 105 men). The age of women ranged from 19 to 60 years (mean age was 41.5±11.2 years), the age of men — from 22 to 60 years (mean age — 42.3±12.3 years). All patients were divided into two clinical groups: group 1 – 70 people (35 women and 35 men) with excess weight (body mass index (BMI) was from 25.8 to 29.3 kg/m2, average 27.5±1.31 kg/m2); group 2 – 72 people (36 women and 36 men) with the 1st degree obesity (BMI from 30.0 to 33.9 kg/m2; average 31.74±1.03 kg/m2). The control group consisted of 70 people (35 women and 35 men) with normal weight (BMI from 19.5 kg/m2 to 23.9 kg/m2; average 22.41±1.43 kg/m2). EB disorders were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Results. In patients of the 1st and 2nd groups, a healthy type of CP was recorded less often than in the control group, 5.38 times (D=13.561, p

Objetivo: Analizar el acceso de alimentos y su influencia en los hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Material y métodos: Se encuestaron 300 estudiantes universitarios sobre consumo de alimentos, hábitos alimentarios, medidas antropométricas, antecedentes de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles y aspectos socio-culturales. Se llevaron a cabo visitas a cafeterías y negocios de comida en el entorno de la universidad. Se realizó un análisis comparativo por sexo de las variables antropométricas mediante la prueba Z y se determinó la relación que existe entre el consumo de alimentos y los valores de IMC para peso normal y sobrepeso mediante un análisis multifactorial (MFA). Resultados: El acceso a alimentos fue muy variado, siendo más consumidos los no recomendables por su relación practicidad-costo. Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre los hábitos alimentarios y los valores de IMC, lo que repercute en la salud de los estudiantes. Conclusión: Para prevenir las ECNT en jóvenes es oportuna la aplicación de estrategias encaminadas a la educación en la alimentación y el acceso de alimentos de calidad y costo adecuado en la universidad.

Although a significant proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases arose from normal-weight individuals, studies on indicators of T2DM in normal-weight people are limited. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the predictive value of obesity indices and triglyceride glucose-related parameters (TyG-related parameters) in T2DM among normal-weight Chinese elderly. A total of 24,215 normal-weight Chinese elderly (age ≥ 60 years) [body mass index–BMI (18.5–23.9 kg/m2)] were included. Obesity indices and triglyceride glucose-related parameters (TyG-related parameters) included waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and TyG-related parameters (TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between obesity- and TyG-related indices and T2DM. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate and compare the predictive value of the different indices. The prevalence of T2DM was 14.2% in normal-weight individuals. Among the indices, TyG was significantly associated with T2DM among men and women, respectively, (adjusted odds ratio–aOR per SD 3.46; 95% CI 3.23–3.71) and (aOR per SD 3.64; 95% CI 3.43–3.86). Compared with other indices, TyG had the highest AUC value for T2DM in men (AUC: 0.818, 95% CI 0.810–0.825) and women (AUC: 0.824, 95% CI 0.814–0.833). TyG is an effective marker and outperforms other indices when predicting T2DM in the normal-weight Chinese elderly population. Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Context The maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) is higher in aerobically fit vs unfit young men, but this training-related increase in MFO is attenuated in middle-aged men. Further, it has also been found that unfit men with obesity may have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight men. Objective Based hereupon, we aimed to investigate whether a fitness-related higher MFO were attenuated in middle-aged women compared to young women. Also, we aimed to investigate if unfit women with obesity have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. We hypothesized that the training-related elevated MFO was attenuated in middle-aged women, but that unfit women with obesity would have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. Methods We recruited 70 women stratified into 6 groups: young fit (n = 12), young unfit (n = 12) middle-aged fit (n = 12), middle-aged unfit (n = 12), unfit young women with obesity (n = 12), and unfit middle-aged women with obesity (n = 10). Body composition and resting blood samples were obtained and MFO was measured by a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer via indirect calorimetry. Subsequently, a maximal exercise test was performed to establish peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Results Young and middle-aged fit women had a higher MFO compared to age-matched unfit women, and young fit women had a higher MFO compared to fit middle-aged women. Unfit women with obesity, independent of age, had a higher MFO compared to their normal-weight and unfit counterparts. Conclusion The training-related increase in MFO seems maintained in middle-aged women, and we find that unfit women with obesity, independent of age, have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women.

We aimed to investigate the anthropometric and body composition parameters associated with the metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 adolescents in Brazil (aged 10–19 y). The MONW phenotype was defined as normal-weight, according to BMI/age, and at least one metabolic alteration. Anthropometric measurements were obtained and the DEXA was used for body composition analysis. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate the associations. The phenotype was positively associated with waist circumference (male: prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·05; 95% CI 1·01, 1·09; female: PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·02, 1·09), waist:height ratio (male: PR = 1·26; 95% CI 1·07, 1·49; female: PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·07, 1·56) and android:gynoid fat ratio (male: PR = 1·25; 95% CI 1·03, 1·51; female: PR = 1·39; 95% CI 1·20, 1·62), in both sexes. Furthermore, there was a positive association of phenotype with waist:hip ratio (PR = 1·32; 95% CI 1·06, 1·65) and trunk:arm fat ratio (PR = 1·13; 95% CI 1·02, 1·24) only in males and with trunk:leg fat ratio (PR = 2·84; 95% CI 1·46, 5·53), BAIp (PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·01, 1·12), fat mass index (PR = 1·24; 95% CI 1·10, 1·41) and regional indices of metabolic load and capacity (PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·09, 1·53), in females. Anthropometric and body composition parameters indicative of central and total fat are associated with the MONW phenotype.

Objective This study aimed to estimate trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by BMI category among adults in England (n = 115,860). Methods Risk factors included cigarette smoking, hypertension, total diabetes, and raised total cholesterol. Risk factor prevalence was computed in the following four 4-year time periods: 2003-2006; 2007-2010; 2011-2014; and 2015-2018. Change was computed as the difference between the first and last time periods, expressed in percentage points (PP). Results Hypertension remained at a stable level among men with normal weight but decreased among men with obesity (-4.1 PP; 95% CI: -7.1 to -1.0). Total diabetes remained at a stable level among adults with normal weight but increased among adults with obesity (men: 3.5 PP, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.7; women: 3.6 PP, 95% CI: 1.8 to 5.4). Raised total cholesterol decreased in all BMI groups but fell more sharply among women with obesity (-21 PP; 95% CI: -25 to -17) versus their counterparts with normal weight (-16 PP; 95% CI: -18 to -14). Conclusions Greater reductions in hypertension and raised total cholesterol among adults with overweight and obesity partially reflect improvements in screening, treatment, and control among those at highest cardiovascular risk. Higher levels of risk factor prevalence among adults with overweight and obesity, in parallel with rising diabetes, highlight the importance of national prevention efforts to combat the public health impact of excess adiposity.

Avaliar o reflexo da alimentação vegetariana no estado nutricional de crianças de uma escola privada que adota tal alimentação na merenda; verificar a opinião dos pais e das crianças sobre o cardápio da instituição. Obteve-se o estado nutricional através do Índice de Massa Corpórea e a opinião dos pais sobre a merenda através de questionário. O valor nutricional do cardápio foi obtido através do software DIET PRO 5®. Obteve-se a opinião dos estudantes sobre a merenda através de escala hedônica. Observou-se inadequação em todos os macro e micronutrientes, em ao menos um dia da semana. As refeições eram bem aceitas pelas crianças, das quais 75% apresentaram eutrofia. 87% das famílias achavam a merenda vegetariana uma boa ideia; 3% tinham a opinião contrária e 10% eram indiferentes. Apesar da boa aceitação da merenda vegetariana e predominância da eutrofia, o acompanhamento profissional é importante, evitando possíveis deficiências nutricionais.

Background. It is hypothesized that normal weight individuals develop diabetes through different pathophysiological mechanisms and that methods of prevention may differ in the absence of overweight/obesity. In this study, we compared the effect of lifestyle health coaching (LHC) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in normal weight, overweight, and obese US adults with prediabetes. Methods. Subjects were 1358 individuals who completed baseline and follow-up evaluations as part of an LHC program (follow-up = ~6 months). Participants were stratified, based on baseline body mass index (BMI), into normal weight (n = 129), overweight (n = 345), and obese (n = 884) cohorts. LHC included counseling, predominantly via telehealth, on exercise and nutrition. Results. BMI decreased ( P < .001) in the overweight and obese participants but was unchanged in the normal weight participants. FPG decreased ( P < .001) in all 3 cohorts, and the magnitude of decrease did not differ significantly among cohorts. FPG decreased to

Background As industrialization and urbanization are accelerating, the distribution of green areas is decreasing, particularly in developing countries. Since the 2000s, the effects of surrounding greenness on self-perceived health, including physical and mental health, longevity, and obesity have been reported. However, the effects of surrounding green space on chronic kidney disease are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the impact of residential greenness on the mortality of chronic kidney disease patients and progression from chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Using a large-scale observational study, we recruited chronic kidney disease patients (n = 64,565; mean age, 54.0 years; 49.0% of male) who visited three Korean medical centers between January 2001 and December 2016. We investigated the hazard ratios of clinical outcomes per 0.1-point increment of exposure to greenness using various models. Results During the mean follow-up of 6.8 ± 4.6 years, 5,512 chronic kidney disease patients developed ESRD (8.5%) and 8,543 died (13.2%). In addition, a 0.1-point increase in greenness reduced all-cause mortality risk in chronic kidney disease and ESRD patients and progression of chronic kidney disease to ESRD in a fully adjusted model. The association between mortality in ESRD patients and the normalized difference vegetation index was negatively correlated in people aged >65 years, who had normal weight, were nonsmokers, and lived in a nonmetropolitan area. Conclusion Chronic kidney disease patients who live in areas with higher levels of greenness are at reduced risk of all-cause mortality and progression to ESRD.

Background/objectives Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences. Subjects/methods In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention. Results Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35). Conclusions There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively impacted children's weight status owing to the closure of schools, increased food insecurity and reliance on ultraprocessed foods, and reduced opportunities for outdoor activity. Methods In this interrupted time-series study, height and weight were collected from children (n=1,770 children, mean age=8.7 years, 55.3% male, 64.6% Black) and were transformed into BMI z-score in each August/September from 2017 to 2020. Mixed-effects linear regression estimated yearly BMI z-score change before the COVID-19 pandemic year (i.e., 2017–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic year (i.e., 2019–2020). Subgroup analyses by sex, race (i.e., Black, White, other race), weight status (overweight or obese and normal weight), and grade (i.e., lower=kindergarten−2nd grade and upper=3rd−6th grade) were conducted. Results Before the COVID-19 pandemic, children's yearly BMI z-score change was +0.03 (95% CI= −0.10, 0.15). Change during the COVID-19 pandemic was +0.34 (95% CI=0.21, 0.47), an acceleration in BMI z-score change of +0.31 (95% CI=0.19, 0.44). For girls and boys, BMI z-score change accelerated by +0.33 (95% CI=0.16, 0.50) and +0.29 (95% CI=0.12, 0.46), respectively, during the pandemic year. Acceleration in BMI z-score change during the pandemic year was observed for children who were Black (+0.41, 95% CI=0.21, 0.61) and White (+0.22, 95% CI=0.06, 0.39). For children classified as normal weight, BMI z-score change accelerated by +0.58 (95% CI=0.40, 0.76). Yearly BMI z-score change accelerated for lower elementary/primary (+0.23, 95% CI=0.08, 0.37) and upper elementary/primary (+0.42, 95% CI=0.42, 0.63) children. Conclusions If similar BMI z-score accelerations occurred for children across the world, public health interventions to address this rapid unhealthy BMI gain will be urgently needed.

BACKGROUND The study of clusters of risk factors for elevated blood pressure (EBP) among adolescents from low- middle-income countries has received little research attention. The objective of the study was to identify clusters of EBP precursors (i.e., overweight, physical fitness, risk diet, and body movement) and to analyze its associations with EBP. METHODS This a cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 965 secondary schools' students aged between 12 and 17 years-old from Colombia. Measurements included blood pressure, sociodemographic information, and four EBP precursors: Overweight, body movement, risk diet, and physical fitness. Cluster analysis was applied with the two-step method to identify the patterns of EBP precursors, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between clusters and EBP. RESULTS Findings indicate that EBP was present in 28.9% of the students, approximately 20% of adolescents had desirable profile (normal weight, normal-high physical fitness, low-risk diet, and middle-high body movement), and 16% of them had the four EBP precursors. The cluster solution revealed five clusters, formed according to the accumulation of EBP precursors, this is, characterized by having zero, one (low body movement), two (low body movement and high-risk diet), three (low body movement, high risk diet, and low fitness), or four (low body movement, high risk diet, low fitness, and overweight) EBP precursors. The cluster with four EBP precursors had a higher risk of having EBP. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, it is necessary to implement programs that simultaneously address multiple health-related behaviors to promote health in adolescents.

espanolFundamento. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se relacionan directamente con comorbilidades con graves consecuencias para la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los principales habitos de vida modificables que influyen en el desarrollo de la sobrecarga ponderal en adolescentes. Material y metodo. Estudio transversal, realizado en cuatro de los siete centros de educacion secundaria del Area V de Murcia. Se recogio informacion a traves de la Encuesta sobre Habitos Saludables en Adolescentes (ENHASA), cumplimentada por los padres y que engloba cuatro dimensiones compuestas por habitos de vida modificables: alimentacion, actividad fisica, nuevas tecnologias, y colegio-amigos. Se obtuvieron los datos de somatometria de los adolescentes y se clasificaron segun los referentes de indice de masa corporal (IMC) de la OMS. Las diferencias de puntuaciones entre categorias del IMC se analizaron con ANOVA. Resultados. El cuestionario fue cumplimentado por los padres de 421 adolescentes con edad media de 12 anos; el 21,1% presentaban sobrepeso y el 19,7% obesidad. A medida que aumentaba la categoria de IMC disminuia la puntuacion obtenida en la dimension de actividad fisica (6,36 en normopeso vs 4,45 en obesidad, p Conclusiones. Un 40,8% de la muestra estudiada presento exceso de peso, siendo la actividad fisica la conducta modificable mas relacionada con el IMC, lo que orienta a planear estrategias enfocadas especialmente en el sedentarismo que contribuyan a disminuir esta epidemia nutricional. EnglishBackground. Excess weight and obesity in childhood is directly related to comorbidities that can have serious consequences for health. This study set out to identify the main modifiable lifestyles that influence the development of excess weight and obesity in childhood. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out at seven secondary schools in Area V, Murcia, Spain. Questionnaires completed by parents were used to gather information about healthy habits in adolescents (ENHASA), The surveys consisted of four dimensions made up of modifiable lifestyle factors: nutrition, physical activity, new technologies and schoolmates. The adolescents’ somatometric data was measured and classified according to the WHO categories for body mass index (BMI). ANOVA was used to compare the score differences among the BMI groups. Results. The questionnaire was completed by the parents of 421 adolescents with an average age of 12 years. 21.1% presented excess weight and 19.7% obesity. The score obtained by adolescents in the physical activity dimension decreased in the increased BMI group (score in normal weight 6.36 vs. 4.45 in obesity; p Conclusion. Excess weight was present in 40.8% of the sample. Physical activity was the modifiable lifestyle to be most markedly linked to BMI. This outcome may help in planning specific strategies for sedentary lifestyles to reduce this dietary epidemic.

OBJETIVO: Delinear o perfil epidemiológico dos casos atendidos com microcefalia em uma maternidade de alto risco no estado de Sergipe no ano de 2015. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo quantitativo dos casos de microcefalia em nascidos vivos de mães residentes no estado de Sergipe. Foi desenvolvido em uma maternidade pública de referência para gestantes e recém-nascidos de alto risco do município de Aracaju - Sergipe. A amostra selecionada por conveniência foi composta por 57 prontuários de casos de recém-nascidos microcefálicos. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao perfil dos recém-nascidos, 56,14% eram do sexo feminino, 85,96% tinham perímetro cefálico

espanolEl objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relacion entre los niveles de actividad fisica y obesidad en escolares de primaria pertenecientes a una escuela publica estatal de la ciudad de Chihuahua, Mexico. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, se selecciono una muestra por conveniencia, 326 escolares de 9.1±2 anos de edad (178 ninas y 148 ninos). Los niveles de Actividad Fisica (AF) fueron estimados mediante una entrevista, utilizando el “The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire” (GSGSLTPAQQ) y para identificar la obesidad se utilizo el Indice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y la Circunferencia de Cintura (CC). El analisis estadistico nos mostro correlaciones bilaterales de Pearson negativas con significancia entre la AF vigorosa y el IMC (r=-.139, p≤0.050), asi como entre la CC (r=-.150, p≤0.010). Ademas los escolares con obesidad mostraron que realizan significativamente menos AF vigorosa por semana, al compararlos vs los que presentan sobrepeso (p≤0.050), y los que presentan normo peso (p≤0.010). Los resultados nos indican que la mayoria de los escolares que presentan mayor IMC y CC realizan menos AF vigorosa de forma significativa. De igual forma podemos establecer, que los escolares con obesidad realizan menos AF vigorosa por semana de forma significativa. Por lo que es necesario que se promuevan actividades fisicas vigorosas dentro y fuera de la escuela en este tipo de poblaciones, con el fin de prevenir la obesidad. EnglishThe objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between levels of physical activity and obesity in elementary school students belonging to a state public school in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out, a sample was selected for convenience, 326 schoolchildren of 9 years of age (178 girls and 148 boys). The levels of Physical Activity (PA) were estimated through an interview, using the “The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire” (GSLTPAQ) and to identify obesity the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Waist Circumference (WC). The statistical analysis showed us negative bilateral Pearson correlations with significance between vigorous PA and BMI (r = -. 139, p≤0.050), as well as between WC (r = -. 150, p≤0.010). In addition, schoolchildren with obesity showed that they perform significantly less vigorous PA per week, when compared to those who are overweight (p≤0.050), and those with normal weight (p≤0.010). The results indicate that schoolchildren with higher BMI and WC, thus those with obesity significantly perform less vigorous PA per week. Consequently, it is necessary to promote vigorous physical activities inside and outside of school in this type of population, in order to prevent obesity.

Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti, kokią įtaką žindymo sunkumams turi išnešioto naujagimio gimimo svoris. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų Akušerijos skyriuje nuo 2019 m. rugsėjo 1 d. iki 2020 m. balandžio 1 d. Tyrime dalyvavo 342 gimdyvės, pagimdžiusios sveikus išnešiotus naujagimius ir po gimdymo galėjusios žindyti naujagimius, neturėdamos klinikinių kontraindikacijų arba fizinių apribojimų. Po gimdymo moterys buvo suskirstytos į tris grupes: pirmoje – pagimdžiusios naujagimius, kuriems nustatyta įgimta hipotrofija, antroje – normalaus svorio naujagimius, trečioje – pagimdžiusios naujagimius, kuriems nustatyta įgimta hipertrofija. Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant duomenų analizės programą R paketą (4.0.3). Rezultatai. Su žindymo sunkumais daugiausia susidūrė mažo svorio naujagimiai (p=0,03). Žindymo sunkumus patyrė 29 proc. moterų pirmoje grupėje, 16 proc. moterų – antroje grupėje ir 8 proc. moterų – trečioje grupėje. Daugiausia gimimo svorio pirmomis paromis neteko mažo svorio naujagimiai – 7,3 proc., o normalaus svorio ir didelio svorio naujagimiai neteko apie 6,5 proc. savo gimimo svorio. Išvados. Mažo svorio naujagimius pagimdžiusios moterys patiria daugiau žindymo sunkumų nei motinos, kurių naujagimiai yra normalaus arba didelio gimimo svorio.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine adherence in Mediterranean diet (AMD) and its components and some anthropometric measurements of university students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 510 university students in December, 2019. AMD was evaluated by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire. Results: The median age of the students was 21(2) years and the majority of them (60.2 %) were women. The mean score on the ‘KIDMED’ was 4.0±2.6 among the whole group. The AMD was poor in 37.3 %, medium in 53.3 % and high in 9.4 % of the students. There was no statistically significant differences according to KIDMED groups between gender, age groups, place of residence, waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR) (p>0.05). Between BMI and KIDMED groups a significant difference was found (p, Amaç: Üniversite öğrencilerinde Akdeniz Diyetine Uyum (ADU) ve AD bileşenleri ile bazı antropometrik özellikleri değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metot: 510 üniversite öğrencisi ile aralık ayında yürütülen kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. ADU, KIDMED (Akdeniz Diyeti Kalite İndeksi) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş medyanı 21(2) yıldır ve çoğunluğu (%60,2) kız öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. ‘KIDMED’ puan ortalaması tüm grupta 4,0 ± 2,6 idi. ADU, öğrencilerin % 37,3’ünde zayıf, % 53,3’ünde orta, % 9,4’ünde yüksektir. KIDMED grubu ile yaşanılan yer, cinsiyet, yaş grubu ve bel çevresi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamaktadır. BKİ ile KIDMED grubu arasında ise önemli bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Obez ve kilolu bireylerde günde 2 kez den fazla meyve tüketiminin normal vücut ağırlığındaki öğrencilerden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca obez ve kilolu öğrencilerin kahvaltıda tahıl ürünlerini normal vücut ağırlığına sahip bireylerden daha az tükettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ADU ile BKİ grubu arasında ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca KIDMED bileşenlerinin BKİ ve cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.