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Background Balloon dilatation with stent implantation has been proved to be an effective option for left iliac vein compression syndrome (LIVCS), but thrombosis may still occur after the operation. Currently, warfarin is used for anticoagulant therapy, but long-term monitoring is required, while rivaroxaban does not need laboratory monitoring, which can simplify treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin in anticoagulation. Methods This study is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. We will recruit 224 patients with thrombotic LIVCS from 9 hospitals. Moreover, these patients will be randomized to either the experimental group (rivaroxaban) or the control group (warfarin plus nadroparin). The primary outcome is stent occlusion rate. Secondary outcomes are quality of life scale survey results, all-cause mortality, anticoagulation-related mortality, and the proportion of participants with stent displacement/fracture, thrombosis, hemorrhage, and other vascular events. Discussion This study will provide reliable, evidence-based clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban antithrombotic therapy after stent implantation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04067505. Registered on August 26, 2019.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of distal aortic segmental enlargement (DASE) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for complicated type B aortic dissection (cTBAD). Materials and Methods: From March 2003 to October 2018, 814 patients with acute cTBAD from 5 medical centers were retrospectively identified. DASE is indicated as the enlargement of distal aortic segmental volume ≥1.6 fold of the preoperative volume compared with the most recent postoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan. Of these patients, 635 (78%) were identified as non-DASE, and 179 (22%) were identified as DASE. Competing risk analysis was performed to compare late death and distal aortic reintervention between the groups. The morphological variables and false lumen thrombosis at 7 aortic levels were measured based on the preoperative CTA and the most recent CTA. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the independent predictors of DASE. Results: The mean follow-up time of the entire cohort was 5.6 years (interquartile range: 2.4–8.3 years). There were total of 208 late deaths, including 94 (14.8%) deaths in non-DASE group versus 114 (63.7%) deaths in the DASE group. Distal aortic reintervention was observed in 89 patients, with 43(6.7%) in the non-DASE group versus 46 (25.7%) in the DASE group. The cumulative incidence of late death and distal aortic reintervention were significantly higher in the DASE than in the non-DASE group (pConclusion: Compared with the non-DASE group, patients with DASE demonstrated a higher rate of late death and distal aortic reintervention. For the cTBAD population, extended stent-graft coverage to the aortic section between diaphragm and celiac artery might serve as a “cost-efficient” cutoff point aiming to reduce the risk of DASE.

Background We sought to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of single-stage endovascular treatment with AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy followed by stenting for iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) with secondary acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods We conducted a multiple-center prospective nonrandomized study to enroll patients with left-sided acute iliac-common femoral DVT secondary to IVCS. We performed AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy followed by stenting to evaluate the success rate, periprocedural complications, hospital stay, clinical outcomes, and stent-patency rate. Results A prospective cohort study of 19 consecutive patients diagnosed with IVCS and secondary acute iliac-common femoral DVT from October 2014 to April 2017 was conducted. The technique success rate was 94.7%, and the mean procedure time was 77 minutes. The 1-year primary and secondary patency rate was 84.2% and 94.7%, respectively. Conclusions Single-staged endovascular treatment with AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy and stenting is feasible, safe, and effective for IVCS with secondary acute iliofemoral DVT.

Objectives Research in the field of lower extremity vascular disease has increased in popularity over the years. To adequately characterize and validate the effectiveness of vascular interventions, in vivo experimentation in large animals is required. Thus, it is necessary to find a method to detect the shape and density of blood vessels in the lower extremities that can evaluate and verify the treatment measures’ effectiveness and have high accuracy and repeatability. This study characterized factors that determined both the accuracy and overall value of digital subtraction angiography in lower limb arteriography using a canine animal model. Methods Six beagle dogs were anesthetized and immobilized on the motorized table. The femoral artery was accessed using an indwelling needle. A bolus of contrast agent was injected into the access site, and digital subtraction angiography with bolus chase technology was used to collect contrast images for analysis. At the end of the procedure, the anesthetized dogs were euthanized using an overdose of potassium chloride. After confirming the euthanasia of the dogs, the cadavers were taken to the experimental animal center of Xinjiang Medical University and processed by qualified institutional personnel. Results The final arteriographic images of the hind limbs from all six dogs were precise, and the branches of small vessels could be distinguished without any visible artifacts. Conclusions These results suggested that arteriography using digital subtraction angiography could reveal the shape and density of blood vessels in canine animal models. This method has great potential to significantly improve research related to limb ischemia due to its simple and reproducible results.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, bacterial strain, designated 5JN-11T, was isolated from Haloxylonammodendron stems in Kumtag desert, Xinjiang province, China. Strain 5JN-11T grew at salinities of 0–6 % (w/v; optimum 0–2 %), a pH of 7.0–9.0 (pH 7.0–8.0) and temperatures of 20–42 °C (28–30 °C). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain was designated a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and the phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 5JN-11T shared the highest similarity to Sphingobacterium gobiense H7T, followed by Sphingobacterium chuzhouense DH-5T and Sphingobacterium arenae H-12T. The unfinished draft genome of strain 5JN-11T was 4.69 Mb. The G+C content of strain 5JN-11T was 42.8 mol%. The average nucleotide identity to S. gobiense H7T was 90.5 %. The respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphoglycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain 5JN-11T represents a novel species in the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium haloxyli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5JN-11T (=ACCC 60072T=KCTC 62457T).

IntroductionInferior vena cava (IVC) filters are commonly used in patients with venous thromboembolism to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism, but the thrombosis risk increases after filter placement. Warfarin is a widely anticoagulant, but long-term monitoring and dose adjustments are required. Anticoagulation with rivaroxaban is more straightforward as it dose not require laboratory monitoring. This study compares the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin as an in anticoagulation therapy for patients with IVC filter placement.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. In total, 200 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with IVC filter implantation from 10 hospitals will be recruited. The patients will be randomised to the experimental group (rivaroxaban) or the control group (nadroparin overlapped with warfarin). The primary outcomes include death of any cause, pulmonary embolism (PE)-related death, bleeding and recurrent PE/DVT. The secondary outcomes include the percentage of other vascular events, IVC filter retrieval failure and net clinical benefits. This study aims to provide reliable, verification for the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban antithrombotic therapy after IVC filter placement.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (approval number: (2019) 295). The results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journalsTrial registration numberNCT04066764.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is fatal diseases, which leads to aortic rupture and sudden death. Blood pressure-lowering drugs are ineffective for most of the patients. Our previous study demonstrated the inhibition of endothelial secreted miR-126–3p by rapamycin ameliorate the aneurysmal phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the modulation and mechanism of miR-126–3p in a murine model of TAA (Fbn1C1039G/+). Our results showed that noticeable disturbed flow (DF) was observed in the aorta of Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, and the expression of miR-126–3p was significantly increased under the DF in the cell chamber. This finding was also confirmed by tests in the corresponding DF area of the human aortic aneurysm tissue. Constant rapamycin administration significantly ameliorates the incidence and severity of Fbn1C1039G/+ mice characterized by decreased aortic media degradation, macrophage infiltration and MMP2/9 expression in the aortic wall. Mechanistic studies showed that rapamycin attenuates TAA progression by inhibiting miR-126–3p through ERK1/2 inactivation.

Background Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is an effective method for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The most widely used puncture technique involves the popliteal vein of the affected leg. We introduce a new puncture technique based on bony landmark positioning. Methods Between May 2012 and December 2014, we performed CDT in 96 cases of DVT using the puncture technique. The procedure is performed with the patient in the prone position on the angiography table. The popliteal vein is punctured according to tibial bony landmarks under fluoroscopic guidance. The needle puncture is made from the popliteal crease, along the direction of tibial lateral intercondylar eminence and parallel to the vertical axis. An introducer sheath is inserted after successful puncture followed by placement of a perfusion catheter of appropriate length in the thrombus. Results Technical success was achieved in 83 cases, with a success rate of 86.46% (83/96). The mean operation time was 38.6 ± 16.8 min, the mean fluoroscopy time was 11.3 ± 4.9 min, the mean effective dose (ED) was 77.2 ± 25.4 mGy, the mean dose-area product (DAP) was 3,927.5 ± 1,261 cGy cm 2 . Compared with catheterization via incised ipsilateral small saphenous and contralateral femoral veins, the technique significantly shortened the operation and the X-ray exposure and reduced the dosage of ED and DAP. Conclusions Popliteal vein puncture technique based on bony landmark positioning is a user-friendly alternative to CDT, especially in the absence of ultrasound localization.

Strain N5SSJ16T, a Gram-negative-staining, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from Haloxylon ammodendron stems. The strain grew in the presence of 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of NaCl), at pH 7–9 (optimum: pH 8) and at 12–50 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain N5SSJ16T was related phylogenetically to Parapedobacter composti 4M40T (96.5 %) and Parapedobacter luteus 4M29T (95.9 %). The cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. MK-7 was the respiratory quinone. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipid and two unknown lipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.8 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain N5SSJ16T represents a novel species of the genus Parapedobacter , for which the name Parapedobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N5SSJ16T (=ACCC 19928T=KCTC 52416T).

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a condition in which the left common iliac vein is compressed by the right common iliac artery, which may cause swelling, pain or deep venous thrombosis of the left lower extremity.1 Postthrombotic syndrome, nonthrombotic chronic venous insufficiency, and recurrence after venous thrombosis are also possible complications. Although MTS combined with left iliac arteriovenous fistula is rarely reported, we treated 3 such cases in the past year.

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the most important bamboo species in China and the third most important plant species for timber production. However, the dwarf variant of moso bamboo, P. edulis f. tubaeformis (shengyin bamboo), which has shortened internodes, is not well studied. We used anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptomic approaches to study internode shortening and shoot growth in dwarf shengyin and wild moso bamboo. Phenotypic and anatomical observations showed that dwarfing in shengyin bamboo is due to reduced internode length, and the culm fibers in shengyin bamboo are significantly shorter and thicker than in wild moso bamboo. We measured the levels of endogenous hormones in the internodes and found that shengyin bamboo had lower levels of four hormones while two others were higher in wild moso bamboo. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed a potential regulating mechanism for internode length involving genes for cell wall loosening-related enzymes and the cellulose and lignin biosynthesis pathways. Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, especially those that showed significant differential expression in the internodes between shengyin and wild moso bamboo, may be important in determining the shortened internode phenotype. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and cell wall expansion leading to dwarfism in shengyin bamboo is proposed. The results presented here provide a comprehensive exploration of the biological mechanisms that determine internode shortening in moso bamboo.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant problem that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in critical settings. This injury may be ameliorated using postconditioning protocol. In our study, we created a rabbit intestinal I/R injury model to analyze the effects of local ischemia postconditioning (LIPo) and remote ischemia postconditioning (RIPo) on intestinal I/R injury. We concluded that LIPo affords protection in intestinal I/R injury in a comparable fashion with RIPo by decreasing oxidative stress, neutrophil activation, and apoptosis.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-jet-10.1177_15266028211036479 for Extended Stent Coverage Decreases Distal Aortic Segmental Enlargement After the Endovascular Repair of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study of 814 Patients by Junjun Liu, Chaojun Yan, Lubin Li, Hai Feng, Shengmao Xie, Guohui Zhang, Wei Cheng, Mingjin Guo and MingYuan Liu in Journal of Endovascular Therapy