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Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by a painful vaso-occlusive crisis due to the sickling of red blood cells in capillaries. Complications often lead to liver and renal dysfunctions, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly for children under 5. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the liver and renal functions of people with SCD (HbSS) compared to those without it (HbAA) in Africa. Methods The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022346771). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords “liver function”, “renal function”, “sickle cell disease”, and “Africa” on 6th May 2023 for peer-reviewed articles with abstracts in English. We included case-control studies comparing SCD (HbSS) with controls without hemoglobinopathies (HbAA). We used the random-effect model to calculate the pooled average values for the blood tests of people with SCD in RStudio version 4.2.2. Results Overall, 17 articles were analyzed from five African countries involving 1312 people with SCD and 1558 controls. The pooled mean difference of liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) was 8.62 (95% CI − 2.99–20.23, I 2 = 97.0%, p 50%, there was substantial variation in the reported articles’ results. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42022346771

Context: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus pneumonia, which is related to abnormal liver function. Thus, it is important to explore the occurrences and causes of abnormal liver function with COVID-19. Methods: We chose 109 patients with COVID-19 in 2020 and studied the relationship between gender, age, basic diseases, antiviral drug treatment, disease classification, and abnormal liver function, and analyzed the causes of abnormal liver function in patients with COVID-19 Results: Among patients, 46 (42.20%) had abnormal liver function at admission; 37 (80.43%) had mild abnormal liver function; and 9 (19.57%) had severe liver function. Compared with other age groups, the abnormal rate of serum ALP in the group younger than 21 years old were the highest (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates and concentrations of serum ALT, AST and γ-GT in the male groups were higher than in female groups (P < 0.05), basic disease group were higher than those in the non-basic disease group (P < 0.05). Serum γ-GT concentration after 1 week of antiviral treatment was higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05). The abnormal rate of ALT and AST at discharge was lower than that after antiviral treatment for 1 week (P < 0.05). Serum TB and AST concentrations at discharge were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Serum AST and γ-GT concentrations in severe/critical type group were higher than those in mild or ordinary type group (P < 0.05) Conclusions: In this study, we found male sex, basic diseases, antiviral drugs, and severe/critical types are related to the occurrence of abnormal liver function in COVID-19 patients.

Objective To explore the perioperative situation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy or open hepatectomy and their effects on liver function. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 85 patients with HCC who visited the Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into open group (open hepatectomy, n=53) and laparoscopic group (laparoscopic hepatectomy, n=32). Both groups of patients were followed up for one month after discharge. The general information, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and liver function indicators were compared between two groups of patients. Results Compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group had shorter hospitalization time ［(14.19±3.02) d vs (16.36±3.30) d, t=3.03, P＜0.01］, as well as shorter time for the first postoperative anal evacuation ［(2.30±0.77) d vs (2.75±0.49) d, t=3.29, P＜0.01］ and less intraoperative bleeding ［(395.63±70.25) mL vs (440.38±62.42) mL, t=3.05, P＜0.01］. Serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in the laparoscopic group than those in the open group at 3 days postoperatively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). In the 1-month postoperative period, the difference in the overall rate of postoperative complications between the two groups was not statistically significant (15.63% vs 16.98%, χ2=0.92, P=0.34). Conclusion For patients with HCC, the application of laparoscopic hepatectomy is safe and feasible, which can reduce the impact on liver function, shorten hospitalization time, and promote early recovery.

Abstract The present cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices (SIIs) and anthropometric measures, metabolic, and liver function biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was carried out on 238 NAFLD patients with overweight or obesity, aged 18–55 years. Anthropometric measurements were done and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were estimated. Metabolic factors including serum glucose, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and complete blood cell count were assessed after a 24-h fasting state. SIIs including the ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), monocytes to lymphocyte (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte (PLR), and monocytes to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) were calculated. Results indicate that apart from PLR, all of the SIIs significantly changed by increasing steatosis severity (all p

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating cytokines and liver function and prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiotherapy combined with tislelizumab and anlotinib. The liver function indexes and pre-treatment levels of cytokines in 47 patients were measured by chemical method and flow cytometry. The median follow-up was 23.1 months. The objective response and the disease control rates were 46.8% and 68.1%, while overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 12.6 and 11.4 months, respectively. Adverse events (2.1%) were grade 3–4. In addition to stage, intrahepatic metastasis and Child–Pugh score, pre-treatment interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the main cytokine affecting OS and PFS (p

Viral hepatitis is a common cause of acute liver injury that can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Viral hepatitis shares similarities with kamalai in Siddha medicine and is managed in accordance with Siddha treatment. Present case is of a 14-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of fever, fatigue, malaise, and jaundice. Laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound features, and clinical findings indicated positive viral hepatitis. The patient was started on Siddha management to suppress Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) replication and prevent progression to chronic hepatitis B infection. The patient’s symptoms gradually improved over the next few weeks, and follow-up blood tests showed a significant reduction in the values of elevated liver enzymes, indicating a good response to Siddha medicine treatment. The unique aspect of this case study was that it demonstrates a successful management of viral hepatitis B infection with the Siddha system of medicine.

Abstract Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, TACE can cause deterioration of liver functions. We aimed to identify the factors that influence deterioration of liver function after TACE. We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients who underwent TACE as initial treatment for HCC with Child–Pugh grade A. We divided them into three groups stratified by the etiology of underlying liver disease. Patients were classified into hepatitis B virus (HBV) group, hepatitis C virus (HCV) group, and non-HBV / non-HCV (NBNC) group. Liver functions at one month after TACE and time to Child–Pugh grade B or C were compared between the three groups. The HBV, HCV and NBNC groups contained 23, 123 and 116 patients, respectively. The decline in albumin level after TACE was significantly higher in NBNC group than other groups (p = 0.02). NBNC group showed a shorter time to Child–Pugh grade deterioration compared with HBV group and HCV group (p

Objective To explore the predictive value of preoperative liver function for massive blood transfusion (MBT) in patients undergoing ascending aorta surgery. Methods Data from 238 patients undergoing ascending aorta surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University were collected. Preoperative liver function tests were performed for all patients. Based on the perioperative transfusion volumes of red blood cell suspension, patients were divided into the MBT group, non-MBT group, and no blood transfusion (NBT) group. Clinical data during the perioperative period were compared among different groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis was used to assess the predictive value of liver function indicators for MBT and determine cut-off values. Results Compared with the non-MBT group and NBT group, the MBT group showed statistically significant differences in preoperative levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and serum albumin (SA) (P28.50 U/L, ALT >40.00 U/L, SA ≤34.55 g/L, and DBIL >4.25 μmol/L, there was a significant increase in the transfusion volume of various blood components and the incidence of MBT. Conclusion Preoperative liver function indicators (AST, ALT, SA, DBIL) have a moderate predictive value for MBT in patients undergoing ascending aorta surgery.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the intestinal flora and the impairment of liver and kidney in HIV-infected men who have heterosexual sex with healthy women.MethodsFecal samples from 41 HIV-infected heterosexual men who have sex with women （PMSW） and 43 age- and BMI-matched healthy heterosexual men who have sex with women （NMSW） were collected and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. The blood levels of AST， ALT， TBIL， UREA， Cr， UA， β2-MG and other liver and kidney function indicators were measured. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the intestinal flora of the patients in these two groups， to compare the differential bacteria strains， and to analyze their correlation with liver and kidney function indicators.ResultsIn comparison with NMSW， the alpha diversity of intestinal flora was decreased in PMSW， and the beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in flora characteristics between the two groups （P4）. The comparison of liver and kidney function indexes revealed that AST， β2-MG levels were higher in PMSW than in NMSW， while TBIL was lower in PMSW than in NMSW. The number of patients with abnormal β2-MG was much higher in PMSW than in NMSW， and the difference was statistically significant （P

ObjectiveTo establish a rat model of hyperuricemia （HUA）， to study the effect of Liqing granules on lowering serum uric acid， and to evaluate its safety .MethodsMale SD rats were randomly divided into solvent control group and model group according to their body weight. For the model group， serum uric acid （SUA） was determined after 7 days of intra-gastric administration of potassium oxyazinate. The model group were randomly divided into model control group， positive control group， and low， medium， high dose group based on SUA level. Each group from the model group continued to receive potassium oxyazinate in the morning. The animals in the model groups received 0.5% CMC-Na， 10 mg·kg-1 benzbromarone （Doses by body weight） and Liqing granules 0.6， 1.2， 2.4 g·kg-1 （Doses by body weight）， respectively in the afternoon. 0.5% CMC-Na suspension with the same volume was given both in the morning and afternoon for the solvent control group. Levels of SUA， creatinine （CREA）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate transaminase （AST） were determined after 32 and 45 days administration of the test substance.ResultsSUA of the model group was （218±23） μmol·L-1 after 7 days of modeling， which was significantly higher than that of the solvent control group （P0.05）. CREA in the medium and high dose groups significantly decreased （P0.05）.ConclusionLiqing granules can assist in lowering blood serum uric acid in the rat HUA model， and no damage to liver and kidney function is found.

Background: Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder characterized by severe anemia and the need for lifelong blood transfusions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical profile of transfusion-dependent thalassemia major children with reference to serum ferritin levels and liver function. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study included 100 children aged 1–12 years with beta-thalassemia major, who were receiving blood transfusions. Clinical data, including growth parameters, serum ferritin levels, and liver function tests, were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: The study population predominantly consisted of children aged 1–5 years (54%) and males (51%). Hindu children accounted for 85% of the participants. Most children were diagnosed with thalassemia major before the age of 1 year (84%) and were diagnosed through Hb electrophoresis (77%). The majority of children received blood transfusions every 15–30 days (49%). Pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels ranged from

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D （25（OH）D） and liver function in children with infectious mononucleosis （IM）. Methods Ninety children with acute IM were enrolled into the IM group， and 40 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were allocated into the control group. Serum level of 25（OH）D was determined by electrochemiluminescence and the viral load of Epstein-Barr virus DNA （EBV-DNA） in plasma was determined by quantitative fluorescent RT-PCR. Clinical data and serum 25（OH） D levels were compared between two groups. The correlation between 25（OH）D level and atypical lymphocytes， liver function parameters and plasma EBV-DNA in children with IM was analyzed. Results Serum 25（OH）D level in the IM group was significantly lower， whereas the 25（OH）D inadequacy rate was significantly higher than those in the control group （both P < 0.05）. Serum 25（OH）D level was negatively correlated with atypical lymphocytes in the IM group （P < 0.05）. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， and adenosine deaminase （ADA） in IM children with serum 25（OH）D inadequacy were higher than those in their counterparts with adequate serum 25（OH）D （all P < 0.05）. No significant differences were found in total bilirubin （TBIL）， direct bilirubin （DBIL） and plasma EBV-DNA load between the adequate and inadequate subgroups （all P > 0.05）. In the IM group， serum 25（OH）D level was negatively correlated with ALT， GGT， and ADA （all P < 0.05）， whereas positively correlated with CHE （P < 0.05） and had no correlation with AST， TBIL or DBIL （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions Serum vitamin D insufficiency occurs in children with IM. Vitamin D may be involved in the incidence and development of the course of IM， which is probably associated with liver function impairment.

Background Azovudine is a widely used antiviral drug for COVID-19 in China, but published trials on its effect on hepaticand renal function are extremely scarce. Objective To explore the changes of in hepatic and renal function in patients with COVID-19 infection after using Azovudine, so as to provide a reference for thesafe use of Azovudine in patients with renal insufficiency. Methods Inpatients ina tertiary general hospitalwho used Azovudine for COVID-19 from December 26, 2022 to December 31, 2022 were consecutively included in the retrospective study and divided into the normal group, mild injury group, moderate injury group, severe injury group, and end-stage groupaccording to estimated glomerularrate (eGFR) levels. The changes of biochemical parametersof liver and kidney including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), serum creatinine (Scr), eGFR were observed in each group; the formula D_FR=D_NL×[1-F_k (1-K_f) ] was used to correct the maintenance dose of Azivudine in patients with eGFR0.05) ; because the patients with moderate and severe renal injury were dose-corrected with Azivudine, the safety of this population was not compared if the dose was not corrected. Conclusion The use of Azivudine is prone to cause the elevation of ALT level and the decrease of eGFR, but the injury with clinical significance is 2.6% and 3.7%, respectively; there was no aggravation of liver and kidney injury in patients with moderate and severe kidney injury after using the corrected dose of Azivudine, however, this conclusion needs to be confirmed in a multicenter randomized controlled study with a large sample.

Background & Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health pandemic, and many deaths occurred in a short period. It is possible for coronaviruses to cause hepatic injury, and the dying patient may complain about it. Aim of this study was to compare the liver function parameters, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory results between survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Materials & Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective cohort study conducted at Universal Hospital in Sudan. The Study included 80 cases of coronaviruse infected patients, of them 43 (53.7%) were female and 37 (46.3%) were male. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic, clinical, and results of liver function tests on the first day of admission. Patients were divided into survivors (treated and discharged) and non-survivors (died) groups, according to their outcomes. The analysis of the questionnaire was done using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of the 80 coronaviruse infected patients, 35 (43.8%) were survivors while the remaining 45 (56.2%) were non-survivors. The results revealed a significant increase in the mean levels of AST (p. value= 0.001), ALT (p. value= 0.047), and decreased levels of Albumin (p. value= 0.009) in the Non-survivor group compared to the survivors' group. The regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between AST (p value =0.04) and albumin (p value=0.02) with COVID-19 death. In the Receiver Operation Curve (ROC) analysis, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of the AST was 0.70 (p=0.002) with sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: The Study concluded that baseline AST level was significantly correlated with the mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Objective Our objective was to analyze the correlation between Golgi protein 73 (GP73), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver function indicators, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as “liver cancer”).

Liver resection is widely accepted as a treatment option for primary liver cancer and metastases. The goal of surgery is to resect all tumours with negative histological margins while preserving sufficient functional hepatic parenchyma and reducing postoperative complications. The use of Indocyanine green (ICG) for liver function assessment and fluorescence image-guided surgery could be used to achieve that goal.

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamic changes in liver function after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation in patients with cirrhosis and to explore its association with clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent TIPS between August 2016 and December 2020. Liver function was primarily evaluated using the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, which was analyzed at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and multivariate analysis were used as appropriate. Results: In total, 235 patients were included in this study. The MELD score was significantly higher at 1 week (11.8 ​± ​3.1 vs 13.5 ​± ​3.5, p ​ ​0.05). At 12 months, the MELD score was higher than the baseline level (11.8 ​± ​3.1 vs 12.4 ​± ​3.2, p ​

Objective To explore the effects of massive intraoperative RBC transfusion on multiple clinical test indicators and prognosis of patients, underwent tumor surgery in order to provide evidence for rational blood transfusion and effective intervention of complications caused by massive blood transfusion in tumor patients. Methods A total of 208 patients who underwent tumor resection in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 and received intraoperative RBC transfusion(>10 U) were selected as the study subjects. According to the amount of blood transfusion, they were divided into group A: 10~15 U, 144 patients; Group B: >15~25 U, 48 people; Group C: >25 U, 16 people. Data of liver function, coagulation, electrolyte, platelet count and short-term prognosis were collected and compared among 3 groups before and after surgery. Results No significant difference was noticed in patient pre-operation variables including ALT (U/L), AST (U/L) and TBIL (μmol/L) among three groups recieved massive blood transfusion (P>0.05), while AST was significantly lower than that after operation (P

Splenic embolization is a minimally invasive alternative to splenectomy for the treatment of hypersplenism. This was a retrospective study of 101 patients with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis who were treated with splenic embolization and for whom 6 months of follow-up data were available. Of these patients, 65 underwent partial splenic artery embolization (PSE), including 23 who underwent repeated PSE (RPSE). The incidence of abdominal pain was significantly higher in the PSE group than in the total splenic artery embolization (TSE) group (P < 0.001), and its duration was also longer in the PSE group (P = 0.003). Biochemical markers of liver function were compared before and after the operation; aminotransferase indices decreased (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin increased slightly, and albumin and prealbumin decreased after the operation (all P < 0.001). Platelet (PLT) counts began to increase at 1 week postoperatively, peaked at 1 month postoperatively, and then decreased gradually. There was no significant intergroup (PSE and TSE) difference at any time point (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively, P > 0.05). There was a significant intergroup (PSE and RPSE) difference in the mean postoperative change in PLT count (P = 0.45). Splenic embolization can improve the inflammatory indicators of liver function. Performing PSE twice or more improves the PLT counts.

Aflatoxins are liver carcinogens and are common contaminants in unpackaged peanut (UPP) oil. However, the health risks associated with consuming aflatoxins in UPP oil remain unclear. In this study, aflatoxin contamination in 143 UPP oil samples from Guangdong Province were assessed via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We also recruited 168 human subjects, who consumed this oil, to measure their liver functions and lipid metabolism status. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in 79.72% of the UPP oil samples, with levels ranging from 0.02 to 174.13 μg/kg. The average daily human intake of AFB1 from UPP oil was 3.14 ng/kg·bw/day; therefore, the incidence of liver cancer, caused by intake of 1 ng/kg·bw/day AFB1, was estimated to be 5.32 cases out of every 100,000 persons per year. Meanwhile, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and AFB1 exposure exerted a synergistic effect to cause liver dysfunction. In addition, the triglycerides (TG) abnormal rate was statistically significant when using AFB1 to estimate daily intake (EDI) quartile spacing grouping (p = 0.011). In conclusion, high aflatoxin exposure may exacerbate the harmful effects of HBV infection on liver function. Contamination of UPP oil with aflatoxins in Guangdong urgently requires more attention, and public health management of the consumer population is urgently required.

Background : Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is one of the efforts to combat HIV/AIDS in Indonesia, especially West Papua. One of the side effects using ARV is impaired liver function in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). ARV therapy evaluation to liver disorders can be seen from the Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)/ Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Objective : To find out the effect of ARV Fixed Dosed Combination (FDC) to liver function of PLWHA patients in West Papua. Methods : A cross-sectional study, involving 110 respondents who were PLWHA patients receiving ARV at Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) service of hospital in Manokwari, Sorong, and Fak-fak. Laboratory tests was used to examine the liver function. Other variable data were obtained from medical records. The Fisher Exact Test with a significance level of

Background and objectives: Both hepatic functional reserve and the underlying histology are important determinants in the preoperative risk evaluation before major hepatectomies. In this project we developed a new approach that implements cutting-edge research in machine learning and nevertheless is cheap and easily applicable in a routine clinical setting is needed. Methods: After splitting the study population into a training and test set we trained a convolutional neural network to predict the liver function as determined by hepatobiliary mebrofenin scintigraphy and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) imaging. Results: We developed a workflow for predicting liver function from routine CT imaging data using convolutional neural networks. We also evaluated in how far transfer learning and data augmentation can help to solve remaining manual data pre-processing steps and implemented the developed workflow in a clinical routine setting. Conclusion: We propose a robust semiautomatic end-to-end classification workflow for abdominal CT scans for the prediction of liver function based on a deep convolutional neural network model that shows reliable and accurate results even with limited computational resources.

Introduction. Injuries in today's urban society are an urgent problem. In modern trauma, along with the lesion of various anatomical parts of the body increases the frequency of damages of the extremities main vessels with the development of massive external bleeding. Under these conditions, the only way to escape is to apply a tourniquet lasting up to two hours. At the same time in the structure of militant trauma and injuries in peacetime there is a tendency to increase the frequency of injuries of the maxillofacial area. The main cause of the injured people death is the development of systemic disorders with secondary lesions of tissues and organs remote from the site of direct injury. However, the role of mandible fracture in the development of systemic disorders in the case of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is insufficiently studied.Purpose: to establish peculiarities of the liver dysfunction indicators among wounded people under conditions of mandible fracture, gunshot damage of the lower extremity soft tissues with massive external bleeding.Materials and methods. Extracts from the electronic database of Medical Cards of inpatients military personnel who were treated at the National Military Medical Clinical Center "General Military Clinical Hospital" and were injured during the anti-terrorist operation / joint force operation from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them the results of examinations and treatment of 10 wounded patients were selected, they had isolated gunshot wounds of soft tissues of the thigh with massive external blood loss and 8 wounded patients with similar gunshot wounds, and they had additional non-gunshot fractures of the mandible. All the wounded people were immediately provided with hemostatic tourniquet proximal on the injured hip.Shock index, indicators of cytolytic syndrome (activity of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), the content of total and conjugated serum bilirubin) and hepatodepressive syndrome (serum total protein and albumin) were taken into account from the medical records. Indicators were recorded at the time of admission to the hospital, after 6-7 days and at the time of discharge from the hospital. Additionally, the duration of patients staying in the hospital in each of the examination groups was analyzed.Research results and their discussion. At the time of admission to the hospital wounded patients of both observation groups had a significant increase of the shock index, serum activity of ALT and AST, the content of total and direct bilirubin. During treatment of the wounded patients with additional mandible fractures up to 6-7 days, serum activity of ALT, AST and direct serum bilirubin was significantly higher, and total serum protein content was lower compared to wounded patients without mandible fracture.Conclusion. Additional mandible fracture among wounded people with gunshot damage of the thigh, massive blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb significantly impairs the functional state of the liver with a maximum of 6-7 days in hospital and is an important factor in systemic manifestations of traumatic disease, which should be considered in clinical conditions.

Introduction. In the modern world, the prevalence of gunshot wounds has increased significantly. The main cause of death under conditions of gunshot wounds is acute massive blood loss from the extremities. Applying hemostatic tourniquet according to these conditions belongs to the basic aid measures for the wounded on the battlefield. In the structure of gunshot wounds, despite the injury of the extremities, has recently significantly increased the frequency of frontal part injuries of the skull, which remains the least protected part of the body of combatants. There are lesions of the face and facial skeleton in a third of cases with such injuries. However, the effect of mandibular fracture on systemic disorders of acute blood loss complicated by two-hour ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, practically not studied, there are no data on the effectiveness of carbacetam in the case of these conditions.Objective of research: to determine the role of mandibular injury in the pathogenesis of metabolic and functional disorders of the liver caused by acute blood loss and two-hour ischemia of the limb, and to establish the effectiveness of their correction with carbacetam.Materials of the research and their discussion. The experiments were performed on 106 nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g. All animals were divided into four groups: control and three experimental. In the first experimental group, the animals were modeled acute blood loss (20% of the circulating blood volume) by intersection of the femoral vein. Ischemia-reperfusion of the limb was simulated on the adjacent thigh by applying a strip of elastic tourniquet "SWAT-T" (USA)10 mm wide for 120 minutes proximately on the left foot. In the second experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, a fracture of mandible from the left was additionally simulated. In the third experimental group, animals with acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and mandibular fracture for corrective purposes were intraperitoneally administered carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight.After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in experimental animals were determined indicators of bile-forming, biliary and absorption-excretory function of the liver. Liver homogenate was used to determine the content of thiobarbituric acid reagents (TBA-active LP products), catalase activity, antioxidant-prooxidant index (API) was calculated, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was determined in serum.Result of the research and their discussion. It is established that modeling of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is accompanied by increased intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver, depletion of antioxidant protection with a shift of antioxidant-prooxidant balance towards the strengthening of prooxidant mechanisms. This leads to increased cytolysis and the formation of liver disorder, which is manifested by a slowdown in the formation of total bile acids and the rate of bile secretion with a maximum after 1 day of observation.In the case of these conditions, additional fracture of the mandible contributes to the deterioration of the biochemical and functional state of the liver with a maximum of 1-7 days of observation. By 14 days, the indicators improve, but do not reach the level of control.Thus, a fracture of the mandible exacerbates the severity of systemic disorders caused by acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb. The use of carbacetam under these conditions caused a significant decrease in the content of TBA-active products in the liver, an increase in catalase activity and the value of API after 7-14 days of use. There is also a decrease in the activity of ALT in the blood serum, an increase in the content of total bile acids in the bile, the rate of bile excretion and a decrease in the duration of excretion of bromosulfalein.Conclusions: Additional simulation of mandibular fracture on the background of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is accompanied by a deepening of metabolic and functional disorders in the liver. The use of carbacetam for 7-14 days in the reperfusion period for animals with acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and mandibular fracture, compared with animals without correction, causes a significant decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation and cytolysis, less depletion of bile-forming, biliary and absorption -excretory function of the liver.

Objectives: Sucralose is an artificial sweetener of sucrose, which is 600 times sweeter than sugar and produces low calories. Cipla is a commercial sweetener, which has sucralose and other various constituents. The present study evaluated the effects of Cipla on some biochemical factors of rats. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 24 male rats, which was randomly distributed to 4 groups of healthy control, diabetics control, treatment healthy, and diabetics treatment. Healthy and diabetic control groups were fed with a base diet. Healthy and diabetics treatment groups received sucralose through gavage 15 mg/kg daily for a month. Then, streptozotocin was administered intra-peritoneally (65 mg/kg one dose) to induce diabetes. At the end of the study, albumin, bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the serum were evaluated and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: The results indicated that the total proteins of the serum, albumin, and bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP were not different statistically in different groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: In general, it was found that Cipla as a sweetener has not any side effects and has no negative effects on the liver function of the rat.

Abstract Background Enantia chlorantha is a local medicinal plant commonly use in Nigeria for the treatment of diabetes but without support of scientific data. Large percentage of people suffering from diabetes who uses the plant as antidiabetic agent also combine its administration with standard antihypertensive drugs. Aim In the present study, we have investigated the possible toxicological effects of combined administration of E. chlorantha bark extract and lisinopril in diabetic model of experimental rats. Methods E. chlorantha stem bark was extracted by cold maceration of the pulverised stem bark in 70% ethanol. The acute toxicity effect of the plant was then evaluated in rats following oral administration of single dose of the extract. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin into fructose fed rat. Diabetic rats were then randomly assigned into 6 groups of 7 rats each. One group was kept as the diabetic model while separate treatments were administered to the other six groups. Seven non diabetic rats were kept as the control group and administered normal saline. Results The LD50 of E. chlorantha stem bark was above 5000 mg/kg. Combined administration of lisinopril and E. chlorantha showed synergistic effects in the restoration of renal biomarkers (serum creatinine, urea, Na+ and K+), cardiac function biomarkers (CK-MB and LDH) and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HGB and PCV), while antagonistic effects were however observed with some of the liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein and total bilirubin). Rats co-administered lisinopril and E. chlorantha also showed fatty liver with cholestasis. Conclusion The study concluded that diabetes is associated with kidney and cardiac dysfunction. Combined administration of lisinopril and E. chlorantha though may not aggravate these dysfunctions however, it may antagonize the efficacy of the plant in ameliorating liver dysfunction in diabetics.

Introduction/Objective. Given the contradictory results regarding the association of liver function biomarkers [e.g., alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin)] and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), we aimed to explore the relationship between these biomarkers and Framingham risk score (FRS), an established tool used in the prediction of 10-year CVD risk in the cohort of women. Methods. A total of 278 women participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, biochemical parameters, and blood pressure were obtained. Results. There was a significant increase in ALT and GGT activity, as well as a decrease in total bilirubin level in the high-risk FRS group compared to moderate-, and low-risk FRS (p for trend = 0.025, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, triglycerides, creatinine, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were the independent predictors of FRS in women [odds ratio (OR) = 1.234, p = 0.001; OR = 2.856, p = 0.001; OR = 1.090, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.295, p = 0.045, respectively]. In contrast, total bilirubin, ALT and GGT lost their independent predictions for high CVD risk. Conclusion. Liver function biomarkers (i.e. ALT, GGT, and total bilirubin) are not independently associated with FRS. It seems that some other cardiometabolic disturbances might modulate this relationship. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 175035]

The widespread fungal toxin Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an inevitable pollutant affecting the health of humans, poultry, and livestock. Although studies indicate that AFB1 is hepatotoxic, there are few studies on AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in sheep. Thus, this study examined how AFB1 affected sheep liver function 24 h after the animals received 1 mg/kg bw of AFB1 orally (dissolved in 20 mL, 4% v/v ethanol). The acute AFB1 poisoning caused histopathological injuries to the liver and increased total bilirubin (TBIL) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels. AFB1 also markedly elevated the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 while considerably reducing the expression of antioxidation-related genes (SOD-1 and SOD-2) and the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10 in the liver. Additionally, it caused apoptosis by dramatically altering the expression of genes associated with apoptosis including Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2/Bax. Notably, AFB1 exposure altered the gut microbiota composition, mainly manifested by BF311 spp. and Alistipes spp. abundance, which are associated with liver injury. In conclusion, AFB1 can cause liver injury and liver dysfunction in sheep via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and gut-microbiota disturbance.

Abstract Background Acetaminophen is an efficient painkiller usually safe when used in therapeutic doses. It may cause hepatotoxicity when overdosed and triggers nephrotoxicity as well, besides affecting lipid and glucose metabolism. Marine macro-algae possesses various biological activities including hepatoprotective. Stokeyia indica is a brown alga, found abundantly at Karachi coast is known to possess antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. In this study, we evaluated its hepatoprotective role against damage induced by acetaminophen and associated complications like kidney dysfunction. Method To evaluate hepatoprotective role of S.indica against damage induced by acetaminophen and associated complications, male Wistar rats were used. Rats were separated into four groups; each group consists of six rats. Group I was control, group II was acetaminophen dosed group. While group III rats were pretreated with seaweed and then given acetaminophen and group IV rats were given seaweed only. Rats from group III and IV were pretreated daily for 14 days orally with ethanol extract of seaweed (200 mg/kg). Group I and II were orally administered distilled water daily for 14 days. Group II and III were intraperitoneally injected with acetaminophen (1 g/Kg) on day 14th. Liver enzymes (Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (ASAT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other biochemical parameter including (glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin-total & bilirubin-direct) were estimated. Lipid peroxidation in liver was estimated by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological analyses was also carried out. Two oily fractions eluted from the ethanol extract of S. indica through column chromatography were characterized by using GC-MS. Result The ethanol extract of S. indica was found to attenuate the adverse effect of acetaminophen on liver function and disorders of kidney and glucose metabolism in acetaminophen dosed rats. Evident from the lowering of the elevated level of bilirubin, urea and creatinine and blood glucose towards normal range, besides normalizing the cardiac and liver enzymes. These biochemical estimations were also confirmed by a histopathological study of liver. In column chromatography ethanol extract of S.indica yielded oily fractions, showed presence of various fatty acids when subjected to GC-MS analysis. Conclusion Our study showed the hepatoprotective role of ethanol extract of S. indica. It can be concluded that seaweed S.indica had therapeutic and preventive effect against acetaminophen induced hepatic oxidative stress may be due to the presence of methyl palmitate.

Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury may affect different biological and functional roles of the liver. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of galantamine as a cholinergic agent on the acute and late phases of IR. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly allocated to eight groups (n=5): IR groups were subjected to 90 min ischemia followed by 4 and 24 hours reperfusion to induce acute and late phases of IR, respectively, two groups received pre- or post-treatment dose(s) of galantamine in the acute phase of IR, two groups received pre- or post-treatment dose(s) of galantamine in late phase of IR, and two sham-operated groups. Blood samples were taken, and ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH were measured to evaluate the liver function. Results: Pre-ischemic treatment with galantamine decreased the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in the acute phase of IR, unlike the late phase (P-value

Abstract Background Patients with HBsAg-positive gastric cancer (GC) are a heterogeneous group, and it is not possible to accurately predict the overall survival (OS) in these patients. Methods We developed and validated a nomogram to help improve prediction of OS in patients with HBsAg-positive GC. The nomogram was established by a development cohort (n = 245), and the validation cohort included 84 patients. Factors in the nomogram were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analysis. We tested the accuracy of the nomograms by discrimination and calibration, and plotted decision curves to assess the benefits of nomogram-assisted decisions in a clinical context. Then we evaluated the risk in the two cohort. Results Significant predictors were age, tumor stage, distant metastases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The proportional-hazards model (nomogram) was based on pre-treatment characteristics. The nomogram had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.812 (95% CI 0.762–0.862), which was superior than the C-index of AJCC TNM Stage (0.755, 95% CI 0.702–0.808). The calibration plot in the validation cohort based on 5 predictors suggested good agreement between actual and nomogram-predicted OS probabilities. The decision curve showed that the nomogram in predicting OS is better than that of TNM staging system in all range. Moreover, patients were divided into three distinct risk groups for OS by the nomogram: low risk group, middle risk group and high risk group, respectively. Conclusion This nomogram, using five pre-treatment characteristics, improves prediction of OS in patients with HBsAg-positive gastric cancer. It represents an improvement in prognostication over the current TNM stage. To generalize the use of this nomogram in other groups, additional validation with data from other institutions is required.

Liver damage during COVID-19 disease has been described in numerous studies. Its mechanism is poorly understood. It is mainly reserved for severe forms and is manifested by abnormalities of the hepatic assessment and more particularly cytolysis. Particular attention must be paid to patients with chronic liver disease, both in terms of follow-up and treatment. We wanted to know the evolution of COVID-19 and its treatment, on the liver function of a 27-year-old patient followed for chronic non-cirrhotic hepatitis B at the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez. Our patient had stopped the antiviral B treatment and presented COVID-19 infection with minimal to moderate impairment. The initial evaluation showed cytolysis at 4 times upper limit of normal (ULN). Management consisted in the immediate resumption of Tenofovir in combination with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azythromycin with good clinical and biological evolution.

The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

The effects of alcohol consumption on health are suggested to depend on the amount of alcohol consumed. We investigated the objective and subjective health effects of the daily consumption of a small amount of alcohol in healthy individuals using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Accordingly, 15 male and 27 female Japanese adults with average or lower general well-being schedule (GWBS) scores were asked to consume a beverage with 0.5% (v/v) alcohol (~4 g of alcohol a day; test beverage) and a placebo beverage two times daily for 4 weeks each. Regular low-level alcohol consumption significantly decreased the serum liver function indexes (aspartic aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) before and after consumption (p = 0.034, 0.033, and 0.013, respectively). The small amount of alcohol did not affect the participants’ GWBS scores; however, a stratified analysis with poor subjective well-being revealed that these changes differed significantly between low-level alcohol consumption and placebo-treated subjects (16.0 vs. 11.5, p = 0.041). In addition, changes in serum testosterone levels demonstrated a higher trend in the group that received the test beverage compared with the group that received the placebo beverage (p = 0.051). Daily low-level alcohol consumption may have positive effects on liver function and subjective well-being.

Endotoxemia-induced inflammation may impact the activity of hepatocyte transporters, which control the hepatobiliary elimination of drugs and bile acids. 99mTc-mebrofenin is a non-metabolized substrate of transporters expressed at the different poles of hepatocytes. 99mTc-mebrofenin imaging was performed in rats after the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Changes in transporter expression were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction of resected liver samples. Moreover, the particular impact of pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions in the context of endotoxemia was investigated using rifampicin (40 mg/kg), a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte transporters. LPS increased 99mTc-mebrofenin exposure in the liver (1.7 ± 0.4-fold). Kinetic modeling revealed that endotoxemia did not impact the blood-to-liver uptake of 99mTc-mebrofenin, which is mediated by organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) transporters. However, liver-to-bile and liver-to-blood efflux rates were dramatically decreased, leading to liver accumulation. The transcriptomic profile of hepatocyte transporters consistently showed a downregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2 and 3 (Mrp2 and Mrp3), which mediate the canalicular and sinusoidal efflux of 99mTc-mebrofenin in hepatocytes, respectively. Rifampicin effectively blocked both the Oatp-mediated influx and the Mrp2/3-related efflux of 99mTc-mebrofenin. The additive impact of endotoxemia and rifampicin led to a 3.0 ± 1.3-fold increase in blood exposure compared with healthy non-treated animals. 99mTc-mebrofenin imaging is useful to investigate disease-associated change in hepatocyte transporter function.

Background & Aims Factors that influence the outcomes after deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are not well known. We aimed to clarify these effects on the outcomes after DDLT. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with PBC who underwent DDLT from March 2006 to July 2018 at the organ transplantation center of the First Hospital of Jilin University and the First Central Hospital of Tianjin. Changes in liver function were assessed posttransplantation. Recurrence, survival rate, and complications were recorded at follow-up. The effect of liver transplantation on survival and recurrence was evaluated using univariate and/or multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results In total, 69 patients with PBC undergoing DDLT were included in this study. At 4 weeks posttransplant, all liver function tests were normal. During a median follow-up time of 32 months, 5-year overall survival and recurrence rates were estimated as 95.1% and 21.8%, respectively. A recipient aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) greater than 2 was negatively associated with survival (P = 0.0018). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that age younger than 48 years was an independent risk factor for recurrent PBC in recipients undergoing liver transplantation (hazard ratio 0.028, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.71, P = 0.03). Posttransplant infections (62%) and biliary tract complications (26%) were the most common complications. Conclusion Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with PBC. Liver function normalizes by 4 weeks posttransplant. Although posttransplant survival rate is high, recurrence is possible. To some extent, survival rate and recurrence rate can be predicted by APRI and age, respectively.

Background: This article aims to investigate the effect of gum Arabic dose with or without insulin on the expression of antioxidant and liver enzymes and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, albumin, and total proteins. Materials and Methods: This study was composed of five groups, Group 0 as control group (injected citrate buffer only), Group 1 was diabetic (treated with streptozocin), Group 2 was diabetic and treated with insulin, Group 3 was diabetic treated with gum Arabic, and Group 4 was diabetic treated with gum Arabic and insulin. However, each group involved 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. The ELISA techniques were used to determine the concentration of the oxidative stress parameters. The liver function test’s parameters were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results: The gum Arabic is an effective antioxidant factor, but it has some negative effects on the liver function test parameters. Conclusion: The combined or dual dose of insulin and gum Arabic is better than the insulin or gum Arabic alone as an antioxidant factor for the treatment of diabetic rats.

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in dramatic decreases in morbidity and improved survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Although the risk of morbidity has decreased, it has been replaced by other long-term complications, such as hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is often reflected in biochemical abnormalities of liver function, such as elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). Objective To compare liver function spectrum (AST, ALT, and APRI) in HIV-infected children before and after at least 6 months of HAART. Methods This observational study (before and after) was conducted in pediatric patients with HIV infection who received HAART for at least 6 months at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Data were collected from medical records. Results Forty-nine patients were observed in this study. The mean AST, ALT, and APRI levels before HAART were higher than after at least 6 months of HAART. Anti-tuberculosis treatment and fluconazole therapy were not confounding factors for AST, ALT, and APRI. Conclusion Liver function spectrum enzyme levels of AST, ALT, and APRI are improved after at least 6 months of HAART.

Abstract Background This study aimed to establish an effective predictive nomogram for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Methods The nomogram was based on a retrospective study of 230 NSCLC patients with chronic HBV infection. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by a concordance index (C-index), calibration plot and decision curve analysis and were compared with the current tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system. Results Independent factors derived from Kaplan–Meier analysis of the primary cohort to predict overall survival (OS) were all assembled into a Cox proportional hazards regression model to build the nomogram model. The final model included age, tumor size, TNM stage, treatment, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase. The calibration curve for the probability of OS showed that the nomogram-based predictions were in good agreement with the actual observations. The C-index of the model for predicting OS had a superior discrimination power compared with the TNM staging system [0.780 (95% CI 0.733–0.827) vs. 0.693 (95% CI 0.640–0.746), P 20.0). Conclusion The proposed nomogram model resulted in more accurate prognostic prediction for NSCLC patients with chronic HBV infection.

Introduction: Neonatal Cholestasis syndrome is a common condition among infants that needs to be evaluated in detail to establish aetiology. Although Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is common, clear outcome for same has not been established. Aim: To assess the clinical profile, aetiological spectrum of infants with Neonatal Cholestasis Syndrome (NCS) followed-up over 10 years. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study; data were collected from online records Jan 2008-Dec 2018. Total of 300 infants (210 males) were studied. Clinical outcome was assessed in non-surgical patients with a minimum of 6 month follow-up period. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Intrahepatic NCS was identified in 232 (77%)-majority 164 (54.6%) were idiopathic hepatitis. Remaining 68 (23%) had Extrahepatic NCS and Biliary Atresia (BA) was confirmed in 64 (21.3%). Mean age of presentation was 2.4 months in the intrahepatic group and 3 months in Extrahepatic NCS. All underwent blood tests and ultrasound. Liver biopsy was done in 72 (24%) -35 neonatal hepatitis (2 with cirrhosis), 24 BA, 11 Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis, 1 bile duct paucity. All received multivitamin therapy till 1 year of age. Follow-up analysis done in 95 subjects at a mean age of 23.5 months (range 6-90) showed significant improvement in growth (weight centile from 8.9 to 27.7 and height centile from 16.7 to 22.4) and in liver function. Hepatobliary scan had a sensitivity of 90% in diagnosing Biliary Atresia. Conclusion: Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is the most common aetiology in Neonatal hepatitis. Intrahepatic NCS has good outcome in terms of growth and normalisation of liver function.