46 results on '"Judith K. Daniels"'
Search Results
2. Cortical volume abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder: an ENIGMA-psychiatric genomics consortium PTSD workgroup mega-analysis
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Kelene A. Fercho, Steven M. Nelson, Thomas Straube, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Gina L. Forster, Jack B. Nitschke, Jessie L. Frijling, Mirjam van Zuiden, Steven E. Bruce, Faisal Rashid, Emily K. Clarke-Rubright, Gen Li, Kyle Choi, Antje Manthey, Tian Chen, Richard A. Bryant, Elbert Geuze, Neda Jahanshad, Mark W. Logue, Matthew Peverill, Andrew S. Cotton, David Hofmann, Seth G. Disner, Jessica Bomyea, Daniel W. Grupe, Elizabeth A. Olson, Emily L. Dennis, Chadi G. Abdallah, Jeffrey S. Simons, Robert Vermeiren, Israel Liberzon, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Jennifer S. Stevens, Kerry J. Ressler, Theo G.M. van Erp, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, Sven C. Mueller, Lauren A.M. Lebois, Jonathan C Ipser, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Katie A. McLaughlin, Raluca M. Simons, Tim Varkevisser, Hong Xie, Michael Hollifield, Negar Fani, Yuval Neria, Hassaan Gomaa, Vincent A. Magnotta, Henrik Walter, Anthony P. King, Anika Sierk, Tanja Jovanovic, Judith K. Daniels, Ifat Levy, Isabelle M. Rosso, Li Wang, Ye Zhu, Kelly A. Sambrook, Murray B. Stein, Paul M. Thompson, Bobak Hosseini, K. Luan Phan, Nicholas D. Davenport, Christine L. Larson, Terri A. deRoon-Cassini, Saskia B. J. Koch, Richard J. Davidson, Xin Wang, Geoffrey J May, Anna R. Hudson, Marijo Tamburrino, Christian Schmahl, Steven J.A. van der Werff, Elpiniki Andrew, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Martha E. Shenton, Scott R. Sponheim, Miranda Olff, Julia Herzog, Dick J. Veltman, Inga K. Koerte, Michael D. DeBellis, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Lauren E. Salminen, Xi Zhu, Lee A. Baugh, Laura Nawijn, Brian M. O’Leary, Milissa L. Kaufman, John H. Krystal, Rajendra A. Morey, John Wall, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Courtney C. Haswell, Dan J. Stein, Evan M. Gordon, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Pediatric surgery, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, and ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep
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0301 basic medicine ,Sensory processing ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medical and Health Sciences ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Cortical volume ,Article ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,Molecular Biology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Stress Disorders ,Cerebral Cortex ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Genomics ,Voxel-based morphometry ,Biological Sciences ,Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Brain Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Posttraumatic stress ,Mental Health ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral cortex ,Post-Traumatic ,Major depressive disorder ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report volume abnormalities in multiple regions of the cerebral cortex. However, findings for many regions, particularly regions outside commonly studied emotion-related prefrontal, insular, and limbic regions, are inconsistent and tentative. Also, few studies address the possibility that PTSD abnormalities may be confounded by comorbid depression. A mega-analysis investigating all cortical regions in a large sample of PTSD and control subjects can potentially provide new insight into these issues. Given this perspective, our group aggregated regional volumes data of 68 cortical regions across both hemispheres from 1379 PTSD patients to 2192 controls without PTSD after data were processed by 32 international laboratories using ENIGMA standardized procedures. We examined whether regional cortical volumes were different in PTSD vs. controls, were associated with posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, or were affected by comorbid depression. Volumes of left and right lateral orbitofrontal gyri (LOFG), left superior temporal gyrus, and right insular, lingual and superior parietal gyri were significantly smaller, on average, in PTSD patients than controls (standardized coefficients = −0.111 to −0.068, FDR corrected P values < 0.039) and were significantly negatively correlated with PTSS severity. After adjusting for depression symptoms, the PTSD findings in left and right LOFG remained significant. These findings indicate that cortical volumes in PTSD patients are smaller in prefrontal regulatory regions, as well as in broader emotion and sensory processing cortical regions.
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- 2020
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3. Structural and functional brain alterations in psychiatric patients with dissociative experiences: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies
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Judith K. Daniels, Yoki Linn Mertens, Zohre Soorgi, Shahab Lotfinia, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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medicine.drug_class ,Neuroimaging ,Dissociative Disorders ,IDENTITY DISORDER ,Dissociative ,DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER ,CHILDHOOD ABUSE ,0302 clinical medicine ,CONNECTIVITY ,Depersonalization ,Derealization ,medicine ,Humans ,Dissociative disorders ,Gray Matter ,Borderline personality disorder ,Biological Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Brain ,BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER ,EMOTION REGULATION ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Identity disorder ,POSTERIOR CINGULATE ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Dissociative identity disorder ,DEFAULT MODE NETWORK ,FMRI ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Dissociation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,MRI ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Introduction There is currently no general agreement on how to best conceptualize dissociative symptoms and whether they share similar neural underpinnings across dissociative disorders. Neuroimaging data could help elucidate these questions. Objectives The objective of this review is to summarize empirical evidence for neural aberrations observed in patients suffering from dissociative symptoms. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted including patient cohorts diagnosed with primary dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or borderline personality disorder. Results Results from MRI studies reporting structural (gray matter and white matter) and functional (during resting-state and task-related activation) brain aberrations were extracted and integrated. In total, 33 articles were included of which 10 pertained to voxel-based morphology, 2 to diffusion tensor imaging, 10 to resting-state fMRI, and 11 to task-related fMRI. Overall findings indicated aberrations spread across diverse brain regions, especially in the temporal and frontal cortices. Patients with dissociative identity disorder and with dissociative PTSD showed more overlap in brain activation than each group showed with depersonalization/derealization disorder. Conclusion In conjunction, the results indicate that dissociative processing cannot be localized to a few distinctive brain regions but rather corresponds to differential neural signatures depending on the symptom constellation.
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- 2020
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4. The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with subcortical white matter network alterations
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Antje Manthey, Eva-Lotta Brakemeier, Henrik Walter, Anika Sierk, Judith K. Daniels, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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medicine.drug_class ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Thalamus ,Hippocampus ,Dissociative Disorders ,Dissociative ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Trauma ,Diffusion MRI ,White matter ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Fractional anisotropy ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Original Research ,Network-based statistics ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,business.industry ,PTSD ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,White Matter ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Neurology ,nervous system ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,Tractography ,Dissociation - Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal while patients of the dissociative subtype (PTSD-D) experience additional dissociative symptoms. A neurobiological model proposes hyper-inhibition of limbic structures mediated by prefrontal cortices to underlie dissociation in PTSD. Here, we tested whether functional alterations in fronto-limbic circuits are underpinned by white matter network abnormalities on a network level. 23 women with PTSD-D and 19 women with classic PTSD participated. We employed deterministic diffusion tractography and graph theoretical analyses. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was chosen as a network weight and group differences assessed using network-based statistics. No significant white matter network alterations comprising both frontal and limbic structures in PTSD-D relative to classic PTSD were found. A subsequent whole brain exploratory analysis revealed relative FA alterations in PTSD-D in two subcortical networks, comprising connections between the left amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus as well as links between the left ventral diencephalon, putamen, and pallidum, respectively. Dissociative symptom severity in the PTSD-D group correlated with FA values within both networks. Our findings suggest fronto-limbic inhibition in PTSD-D may present a dynamic neural process, which is not hard-wired via white matter tracts. Our exploratory results point towards altered fiber tract communication in a limbic-thalamic circuit, which may underlie (a) an initial strong emotional reaction to trauma reminders before conscious regulatory processes are enabled and (b) deficits in early sensory processing. In addition, aberrant structural connectivity in low-level motor regions may present neural correlates for dissociation as a passive threat-response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11682-020-00274-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2020
5. The Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS): Validation of the German Version
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Judith K. Daniels, Yoki Linn Mertens, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Male ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Psychometrics ,education ,Amnesia ,Dissociative Disorders ,German ,Cronbach's alpha ,Depersonalization ,medicine ,Derealization ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,language.human_language ,Exploratory factor analysis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Convergent validity ,language ,Female ,Self Report ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Introduction: The Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), developed by Bremner et al. (1998), is a 28-item structured clinical interview to assess state dissociation. The scale consists of 23 items which are rated by therapists based on the patients’ description of their experiences as well as 5 items with which the therapists rate their impression of the patient during the interview. The current study aimed to validate the CADSS in a German patient sample by comparing it to an established self-report measure for state dissociation. Methods: A total of N = 105 patients (81.9% female; mean age 42.7, SD = 12.9) and their therapists completed the CADSS and various self-report questionnaires. Reliability, item analysis and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) will be presented. The state version of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS; Sierra & Berrios, 2000) was employed to analyze its construct validity. Results: Preliminary analyses showed that the German version of the CADSS demonstrated high internal consistency. Item analysis suggested a satisfactory mean inter-item correlation. The CADSS subscale for depersonalization/derealisation correlated significantly with the CDS questionnaire indicating good convergent validity. Conclusion: This study is the first to validate the German version of the CADSS in a therapeutic setting. Preliminary analyses indicated high internal consistency, comparable to the values reported in the original study (Bremner et al., 1998), and promising construct validity. Results of the EFA will be presented at the conference.
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- 2022
6. Does trauma-focused psychotherapy change the brain? A systematic review of neural correlates of therapeutic gains in PTSD
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Anika Sierk, Henrik Walter, Judith K. Daniels, Antje Manthey, and Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
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hippocampus ,RC435-571 ,TEPT ,Hippocampus ,exposure therapy ,Review Article ,Review ,杏仁核 ,terapia de exposición ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,amígdala ,corteza prefrontal ,Prefrontal cortex ,Psychiatry ,Brain Mapping ,fMRI ,neurobiology ,Brain ,综述 ,PTSD ,amygdala ,前额叶皮层 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,trauma ,心理治疗 ,neurobiología ,创伤 ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Revisión ,Psychotherapist ,hipocampo ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Emotional processing ,Amygdala ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Gyrus Cinguli ,海马 ,medicine ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,psicoterapia ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,暴露疗法 ,Resting state fMRI ,神经生物学 ,business.industry ,psychotherapy ,Posttraumatic stress ,nervous system ,business - Abstract
Background Meta-analytic results indicate that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hyperactivation of the amygdala, and volume reductions of the hippocampus. Effective psychotherapeutic treatments were hypothesized to normalize these neural patterns via upregulation of prefrontal structures, which in turn downregulate limbic regions. Objective To gain a sound understanding of the effects of successful psychotherapy on the brain, neural changes from pre- to post-treatment in PTSD patients will be aggregated. Method A systematic literature search identified 24 original studies employing structural or functional MRI measurements both before and after treatment of patients diagnosed with PTSD. Results In conjunction, the review returned little evidence of an activation increase in the mPFC/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) following successful treatment. Five out of 12 studies observed such an increase (especially during emotion processing tasks), albeit in partially non-overlapping brain regions. Conversely, neither the putative related activation decrease in the amygdala nor volumetric changes or altered activation during the resting state could be convincingly established. Conclusion Successful psychological treatments might potentially work via upregulation of the mPFC, which thus may be involved in symptom reduction. However, the role of the amygdala in recovery from PTSD remains unclear. There is currently no indication that the various PTSD treatment approaches employed by the reviewed studies differ regarding their action mechanisms, but further research on this topic is needed., HIGHLIGHTS There is little evidence for an activation increase in mPFC/rACC following successful PTSD treatment.Most studies detected no significant activation changes in amygdala, insula, or hippocampus.There is no consistent evidence for post-treatment volume changes in any brain region.
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- 2021
7. Altered white matter microstructural organization in posttraumatic stress disorder across 3047 adults
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John H. Krystal, Lee A. Baugh, Laura Nawijn, Mieke Verfaellie, Sinead Kelly, Lauren E. Salminen, E. Geuze, Paul M. Thompson, Yuval Neria, Chadi G. Abdallah, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Judith K. Daniels, Courtney C. Haswell, Murray B. Stein, Milissa L. Kaufman, Benjamin Wade, Nic J A van der Wee, Kyle Choi, Ruth A. Lanius, Martha E. Shenton, Ye Zhu, Jonathan C Ipser, Richard A. Bryant, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Carol E. Franz, Danielle R. Sullivan, Emily L. Dennis, Sheri Koopowitz, Richard J. Davidson, Christopher L. Averill, Jessica Bomyea, Rajendra A. Morey, Jim Lagopoulos, Jonathan D. Wolff, Kerry J. Ressler, Li Wang, Anika Sierk, Evan M. Gordon, Stefan S. du Plessis, Jessie L. Frijling, Mirjam van Zuiden, Inga K. Koerte, Sherry Winternitz, David Hofmann, Annerine Roos, Tor D. Wager, Jasmeet P. Hayes, Margaret A. Sheridan, Dan J. Stein, Jeffrey P. Guenette, Daniel O’Doherty, Jean Théberge, Geoff J May, Tanja Jovanovic, Vincent A. Magnotta, Stephen R. McCauley, Robert Vermeiren, Xi Zhu, Regina E. McGlinchey, Soraya Seedat, Antje Manthey, Gerald E. York, Scott R. Sponheim, Steven J. A. van der Werff, Seth G. Disner, William P. Milberg, Carmen S. Velez, Jana K Tran, Kelene A. Fercho, Steven M. Nelson, Richard W J Neufeld, William S. Kremen, Elisabeth A. Wilde, Jack B. Nitschke, Mitzy Kennis, Thomas Straube, Lauren A.M. Lebois, Steven E. Bruce, Jennifer S. Stevens, Atilla Gonenc, Neda Jahanshad, Mark W. Logue, Leigh van den Heuvel, Raluca M. Simons, Negar Fani, David F. Tate, Deleene S. Menefee, Katie A. McLaughlin, Peter Kochunov, Gina L. Forster, Maria Densmore, Gen Li, Matthew Peverill, Daniel W. Grupe, Jeffrey S. Simons, Michael J. Lyons, Henrik Walter, Staci A. Gruber, Saskia B. J. Koch, Nicholas D. Davenport, Alan N. Simmons, Jiook Cha, Miranda Olff, Philipp Kinzel, Dick J. Veltman, Emily K Clarke, Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Global Health, APH - Mental Health, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Pediatric surgery, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, and APH - Personalized Medicine
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Traumatic brain injury ,Alcohol abuse ,Corpus callosum ,Article ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,White matter ,Young Adult ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,White Matter ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anisotropy ,Female ,business ,Clinical psychology ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined alterations in white matter organization in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using diffusion MRI (dMRI), but the results have been mixed, which may be partially due to relatively small sample sizes among studies. Altered structural connectivity may be both a neurobiological vulnerability for, and a result of, PTSD. In an effort to find reliable effects, we present a multi-cohort analysis of dMRI metrics across 3,047 individuals from 28 cohorts currently participating in the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD working group (a joint partnership between the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis consortium). Comparing regional white matter metrics across the full brain in 1,426 individuals with PTSD and 1,621 controls (2174 males/873 females) between ages 18–83, 92% of whom were trauma-exposed, we report associations between PTSD and disrupted white matter organization measured by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the tapetum region of the corpus callosum (Cohen’s d=−0.11, p=0.0055). The tapetum connects the left and right hippocampus, structures for which structure and function have been consistently implicated in PTSD. Results remained significant/similar after accounting for the effects of multiple potentially confounding variables: childhood trauma exposure, comorbid depression, history of traumatic brain injury, current alcohol abuse or dependence, and current use of psychotropic medications. Our results show that PTSD may be associated with alterations in the broader hippocampal network.
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- 2021
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8. The link between childhood trauma and dissociation in frequent users of classic psychedelics and dissociatives
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Sascha B. Thal, Henrik Jungaberle, Judith K. Daniels, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Depersonalization Disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,substance use ,ALCOHOL ,macromolecular substances ,dissociation ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,Childhood trauma ,DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER ,depersonalization ,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER ,Depersonalization ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,SUBSTANCE-ABUSE ,business.industry ,classic psychedelics ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,K-HOLE ,KETAMINE ,HEALTHY HUMANS ,ILLICIT DRUG-USE ,medicine.disease ,Substance abuse ,nervous system ,K-hole ,RECREATIONAL USERS ,dissociatives ,EXPERIENCE ,Substance use ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Childhood trauma severity is associated with the level of subsequent substance use as well as with the self-reported severity of dissociation. Classic psychedelics and dissociatives target neurotransmitter systems thought to be involved in the onset of dissociative symptoms and may evoke severe and long-lasting symptoms of depersonalization in some users. However, it is currently unclear whether drug use puts people with a history of childhood trauma at higher risk of developing dissociative symptoms. Objectives: The current study investigates whether the one-year prevalence of substance use significantly moderates the link between childhood trauma and the severity of depersonalization. Methods: Participants (n = 297, of which 80.2% were active users) filled out an online self-report questionnaire including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS), and information about their substance use. Results: Results indicate that childhood trauma and substance use are significant individual predictors of dissociation scores in this sample, but no moderation of substance use on the link between childhood trauma and depersonalization was established. Conclusions: It is hypothesized that the quality (particularly the context) of the experience of substance use rather than the sheer quantity may be responsible for the manifestation of depersonalization.
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- 2019
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9. Experiencing and Witnessing Patient Violence - an Occupational Risk for Outpatient Therapists?
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Judith K. Daniels, Daniel Anadria, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,physical attack ,Occupational risk ,STAFF VICTIMS ,MENTAL-HEALTH PROVIDERS ,Sample (statistics) ,Clinical settings ,Violence ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Germany ,Outpatients ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,assault ,Psychiatry ,Aged ,Original Paper ,counsellors ,business.industry ,WORKPLACE VIOLENCE ,PTSD ,Middle Aged ,Witness ,humanities ,030227 psychiatry ,PREVALENCE ,Psychotherapy ,treatment providers ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,primary trauma ,Austria ,Spite ,STRESS REACTIONS ,Female ,Patient violence ,NURSES ,business ,Switzerland ,ASSAULTS - Abstract
Violence against therapists by their clients are a common occurrence across clinical settings and may have a lasting impact on the clinician's professional and personal functioning. In spite of this, no study to date has looked at the frequency of trauma-induced symptoms in psychotherapists. Using a sample of N = 917 psychotherapists across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, we analyzed the frequency and sequelae of patient attacks suffered or witnessed by therapists. More than half (51.3%) of the sample reported having been the victim or witness of patient attacks or threats of violence in their career. Among the affected therapists, 27.7% reported posttraumatic symptoms lasting longer than four weeks and 2.7% presented symptoms amounting to a full-PTSD diagnosis. Thus, while the frequency of attacks and trauma-induced symptoms were considerable, estimated PTSD rates were rather low. The findings suggest that practitioners should be conscious of client violence being an occupational risk and that it is advisable to have protective measures in place.
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- 2019
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10. The gender-specific impact of emotional tears
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Matthijs J. Warrens, Bertus F. Jeronimus, Judith K. Daniels, Marie Stadel, Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Research and Evaluation of Educational Effectiveness, Developmental Psychology, and Sociology/ICS
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Social Psychology ,Social connectedness ,CRY ,Friendliness ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Learned helplessness ,Interpersonal communication ,Crying ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Connectedness ,Empirical research ,Helplessness ,medicine ,Gender differences ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,SCALE ,05 social sciences ,MEN ,Mood ,MOOD ,Tears ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,DEPENDS - Abstract
The purpose of crying has recently become a topic of interest, with evidence supporting its interpersonal functions. The assumption that tears not only express a need for help, but in reaction also foster willingness to help in an observer, has received preliminary empirical support. The current study replicated previous work using a within-subject design with 140 subjects (50% female) who were exposed to images depicting male and female individuals crying, with half of both displaying visible tears and the others not displaying tears. Novel is our comparison of willingness to help across all possible gender combinations of tear display and observer. Potential mediation by perceived helplessness, friendliness, and connectedness of the depicted person was tested in male and female participants separately. We replicated the strong effect of tears on willingness to help, and showed this effect to be less potent for male dyads than for female or mixed ones, which is new to the literature. Perceived helplessness mediated the link between crying and helping, whereas perceived connectedness seemed only relevant for female participants, and perceived friendliness was not significant. Possible origins and implications of a differential gender function of crying are discussed.
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- 2019
11. Wirksamkeit analytischer Psychotherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit klinischen Angstsyndromen im naturalistischen Behandlungssetting
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Anette Baumeister-Duru, Georg Romer, Katharina Weitkamp, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Andrea Wulf, Anne Daubmann, Judith K. Daniels, Experimental Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, University of Zurich, and Weitkamp, Katharina
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3204 Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Ecology ,End of therapy ,10093 Institute of Psychology ,Evolution ,business.industry ,DISORDERS ,Psychoanalytic Therapy ,2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health ,Naturalistic observation ,Behavior and Systematics ,Quality of life ,Insect Science ,PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Psychoanalytic theory ,medicine.symptom ,150 Psychology ,business ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Effectiveness of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents with Severe Anxiety Psychopathology in a Naturalistic Treatment Setting The aim of the study was to evaluate naturalistic out-patient psychoanalytic youth psychotherapy in Germany. The study was a partly controlled effectiveness trial. While the first treatment interval (25 sessions, 6.13 months) was compared with a wait-list control group (5 supportive sessions, 2.94 months), the effects of long-term psychoanalytical treatment were analyzed using a time-series design. 86 children and adolescents (aged 4 to 21 years) and their parents who entered psychoanalytic therapy in private practices participated in this study. The wait-list control group comprised 35 patients. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning and the end of treatment, as well as 6 and 12 month follow-up (FU). Patients received on average 94.04 therapy sessions (range 8 to 300) over 25.70 months. Data analyses were carried out with multilevel mixed linear models on the intention-to-treat (ITT) sample. The patients in the intervention group reported moderate symptom improvements at the end of therapy (d = .57), these effects are stable at the 1-year follow-up and increase from the patient perspective (d = .80). When comparing the first therapy interval with the (minimal treatment) wait-list control group, both groups improved significantly with small effect sizes and no significant group differences. The results suggest that long-term psychoanalytic therapy is successful in alleviating anxiety pathology and improving quality of life for youth with anxiety disorders, and that improvements remain stable across a 1-year follow-up period.
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- 2019
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12. Reward prospect improves inhibitory control in female university students with a history of childhood sexual and physical abuse
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Meltem Kiyar, Sven C. Mueller, Miriam J. J. Lommen, Ruth M. Krebs, Judith K. Daniels, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Universities ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Abuse ,Neglect ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Reward ,Adverse Childhood Experiences ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Maltreatment ,RDoC ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Generalizability theory ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Students ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Physical abuse ,Physical Abuse ,Stroop Test ,Cognitive control ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,psychological phenomena and processes ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Stroop effect - Abstract
Background and objectives Childhood abuse and neglect increase the risk for psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety) during adulthood and have been associated with deficits in cognitive control. The specific mechanisms underlying these cognitive control deficits are still unknown. Methods This study examined the expectation for reward to improve inhibitory control in young women (ages 18–35 years) with a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse (AG, N = 28), childhood emotional and/or physical neglect (NG, N = 30), or unaffected comparison women (HC, N = 40). They completed a previously validated rewarded (color-word) Stroop task and filled out questionnaires on depression, anxiety, and resilience. Results Surprisingly, a significant group by reward interaction revealed larger performance benefits under reward prospect (relative to no-reward) for the AG group relative to both the NG and HC groups. Limitations A small sample size limiting generalizability. Conclusions These results demonstrate sensitivity of abused subjects to reward in modulating cognitive control and might aid in discussing whether using reward schedules during therapeutic interventions could be effective.
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- 2021
13. Structural Covariance Networks in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study
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John H. Krystal, Mary Agnes McMahon, Justin T. Baker, Chadi G. Abdallah, Steven J.A. van de Werff, Laura Nawijn, Kathleen Thomaes, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Courtney C. Haswell, Anna R. Hudson, Richard J. Davidson, Mirjam van Zuiden, Kelly A. Sambrook, Elpiniki Andrew, Geoffrey J May, Brian M. O’Leary, Tor D. Wager, Seth G. Disner, Dan J. Stein, Tanja Jovanovic, Milissa L. Kaufman, Martha E. Shenton, Anika Sierk, Elbert Geuze, Matthew Peverill, Soraya Seedat, Scott R. Sponheim, Hassaan Gomaa, Margaret A. Sheridan, Kyle Choi, Jonathan D. Wolff, Richard A. Bryant, Amit Etkin, Terri A. deRoon-Cassini, Emily L. Dennis, Brynn C. Skilliter, Faisal Rashid, Nic J.A. van de Wee, K. Mike Angstadt, Neda Jahanshad, Yuval Neria, Murray B. Stein, Katie A. McLaughlin, Daniel W. Grupe, Erika J. Wolf, Luan Phan, Kristen M. Wrocklage, Xin Wang, Antje Manthey, Emily K. Clarke-Rubright, Tian Chen, Anthony P. King, Julia Herzog, Evan M. Gordon, Sven C. Mueller, Tim Varkevisser, Hong Xie, Isabelle M. Rosso, Alan N. Simmons, Delin Sun, Stefan S. du Plessis, Jonathan C Ipser, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Mark W. Logue, Henrik Walter, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, Jessica Bomyea, Lauren A.M. Lebois, Inga K. Koerte, Li Wang, Raluca M. Simons, Bobak Hosseini, Atilla Gonenc, Saskia B. J. Koch, Xi Zhu, Marijo Tamburrino, Staci A. Gruber, Christian Schmahl, Paul M. Thompson, Jessie L. Frijling, Robert Vermeiren, Israel Liberzon, Elizabeth A. Olson, Nicholas D. Davenport, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Negar Fani, Jennifer S. Stevens, Kelene A. Fercho, Rajendra A. Morey, John Wall, Steven M. Nelson, Theo G.M. van Erp, Thomas Straube, Ye Zhu, Adi Maron-Katz, Miranda Olff, Jeffrey S. Simons, Gina L. Forster, Gopalkumar Rakesh, Dick J. Veltman, Gen Li, Sherry R. Wintemitz, Christine L. Larson, Vincent A. Magnotta, Kerry J. Ressler, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Sheri Koopowitz, Michael D. De Bellis, Lauren K. O’Connor, Andrew S. Cotton, David Hofmann, Lee A. Baugh, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Judith K. Daniels, and Ifat Levy
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Frontal lobe ,Sample size determination ,Structural covariance ,Cortex (anatomy) ,Traumatic stress ,Ventromedial prefrontal cortex ,medicine ,Left superior ,Psychology ,Centrality ,Neuroscience - Abstract
IntroductionCortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are established biomarkers of brain pathology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural covariance networks (SCN) constructed from CT and SA may represent developmental associations, or unique interactions between brain regions, possibly influenced by a common causal antecedent. The ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working Group aggregated PTSD and control subjects’ data from 29 cohorts in five countries (n=3439).MethodsUsing Destrieux Atlas, we built SCNs and compared centrality measures between PTSD subjects and controls. Centrality is a graph theory measure derived using SCN.ResultsNotable nodes with higher CT-based centrality in PTSD compared to controls were left fusiform gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus. We found sex-based centrality differences in bilateral frontal lobe regions, left anterior cingulate, left superior occipital cortex and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Comorbid PTSD and MDD showed higher CT-based centrality in the right anterior cingulate gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and lower SA-based centrality in left insular gyrus.ConclusionUnlike previous studies with smaller sample sizes (≤318), our study found differences in centrality measures using a sample size of 3439 subjects. This is the first cross-sectional study to examine SCN interactions with age, sex, and comorbid MDD. Although limited to group level inferences, centrality measures offer insights into a node’s relationship to the entire functional connectome unlike approaches like seed-based connectivity or independent component analysis. Nodes having higher centrality have greater structural or functional connections, lending them invaluable for translational treatments like neuromodulation.
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- 2021
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14. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries
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Tara Bulut Allred, Agustín Ibáñez, Amparo Caballero, Anouk Kolen, Terri Tan Su-May, Shamsul Haque, Elif Gizem Demirag Burak, Jozef Bavolar, Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets, Phakkanun Chittham, Andreas Schwerdtfeger, Chew Wei Ong, Marie Stadel, Sadia Malik, Coby Morvinski, Victoria Schönefeld, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, María del Carmen Espinoza, Christine Joy A. Ballada, Darío Páez, Masataka Nakayama, Natália Kocsel, Adolfo M. García, Magdalena Bobowik, Janis Zickfeld, Tuğba Seda Çolak, Hans IJzerman, Jordane Boudesseul, Krystian Barzykowski, Elke Schrover, Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya, Diogo Conque Seco Ferreira, Sergio Villar, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Leah Sharman, Philip C. Mefoh, Patrícia Arriaga, Inbal Kremer, Tobias Ebert, Franziska A. Stanke, Jonna K. Vuoskoski, Eleimonitria Lekkou, Nao Maeura, Asmir Gračanin, Argiro Vatakis, Kristina Sesar, Mustafa Eşkisu, Yaniv Shani, Kitty Dumont, Bruno Verschuere, Rebecca Shankland, Thomas W. Schubert, Friedrich M. Götz, Agata Blaut, René Šebeňa, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Nino Jose Mateo, Eric J. Vanman, Eunsoo Choi, Pilleriin Sikka, Gyöngyi Kökönyei, Harry Manley, Arta Dodaj, José J. Pizarro, Olivia Pich, Kenichi Ito, Irina Konova, Magdalena Śmieja, Nekane Basabe, Julie Karsten, Braj Bhushan, Catalina Estrada-Mejia, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Andree Hartanto, Jana B. Berkessel, Peter J. Rentfrow, Pilar Carrera, Sari Mentser, María Josefina Escobar, Uğur Doğan, Sebastian L. Schorch, Niels van de Ven, Anna Tcherkassof, Paul E. Jose, Wee Qin Ng, Wataru Sato, Yukiko Uchida, Sergio Barbosa, Shlomo Hareli, Michelle Xue Zheng, Ravit Nussinson, Igor Kardum, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Yang Wu, Nina F. Balt, Henna-Riikka Peltola, Diogo Martins, Yansong Li, Pavol Kačmár, Zahir Vally, Charles T. Orjiakor, Judith K. Daniels, UAM. Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, MÜ, Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Doğan, Uğur, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H., van de Ven, N., Pich, O., Schubert, T. W., Berkessel, J. B., Pizarro, J. J., Bhushan, B., Mateo, N. J., Barbosa, S., Sharman, L., Kökönyei, G., Schrover, E., Kardum, I., Aruta, J. J. B., Lazarevic, L. B., Escobar, M. J., Stadel, M., Arriaga, P., Dodaj, A., Shankland, R., Majeed, N. M., Li, Y., Lekkou, E., Hartanto, A., Özdoğru, A. A., Vaughn, L. A., del Carmen Espinoza, M., Caballero, A., Kolen, A., Karsten, J., Manley, H., Maeura, N., Eşkisu, M., Shani, Y., Chittham, P., Ferreira, D., Bavolar, J., Konova, I., Sato, W., Morvinski, C., Carrera, P., Villar, S., Ibanez, A., Hareli, S., Garcia, A. M., Kremer, I., Götz, F. M., Schwerdtfeger, A., Estrada-Mejia, C., Nakayama, M., Ng, W. Q., Sesar, K., Orjiakor, C. T., Dumont, K., Allred, T. B., Gra?anin, A., Rentfrow, P. J., Schönefeld, V., Vally, Z., Barzykowski, K., Peltola, H.-R., Tcherkassof, A., Haque, S., mieja, M., Su-May, T. T., IJzerman, H., Vatakis, A., Ong, C. W., Choi, E., Schorch, S. L., Páez, D., Malik, S., Ka?már, P., Bobowik, M., Jose, P., Vuoskoski, J. K., Basabe, N., Doğan, U., Ebert, T., Uchida, Y., Zheng, M. X., Mefoh, P., Šebe?a, R., Stanke, F. A., Ballada, C. J., Blaut, A., Wu, Y., Daniels, J. K., Kocsel, N., Balt, N. F., Vanman, E., Stewart, S. L. K., Verschuere, B., Sikka, P., Boudesseul, J., Martins, D., Nussinson, R., Ito, K., Mentser, S., Çolak, T. S., Martinez-Zelaya, G., Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Department of Marketing, Research Group: Marketing, Tilburg University, Center Ph. D. Students, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Department of Social Psychology, Medical and Clinical Psychology, [Belirlenecek], Sociology/ICS, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Sociology and Political Science ,Emotions ,Personal distress ,Attachment ,050109 social psychology ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Relaciones interpersonales ,Emotional tears ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Emotional crying ,Cross-cultural ,Psychology ,Faces ,10. No inequality ,media_common ,Inclusion ,Emociones y sentimientos ,Crying ,05 social sciences ,Impact ,Feeling ,medicine.symptom ,Social psychology ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Empathy ,Interpersonal relations ,Equivalence ,050105 experimental psychology ,Exposure ,Interpersonal relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Valence (psychology) ,Empathic concern ,Distress ,Individuals ,Psicología ,Psychologie ,Llanto ,Empatía ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood., National Science Centre, Poland; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker Programme; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Hungarian Brain Research Programme; Internal Fund of the Open University of Israel
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- 2021
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15. White matter network alterations in patients with depersonalization/derealization disorder
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Antje Manthey, Jan Peter Lamke, Jelmer G. Kok, Anika Sierk, Alexander Leemans, Judith K. Daniels, Michael Gaebler, Johann Daniel Kruschwitz, Henrik Walter, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Male ,Dissociative ,Severity of Illness Index ,0302 clinical medicine ,Parietal Lobe ,Depersonalization ,Neural Pathways ,Derealization ,Pharmacology (medical) ,GERMAN VERSION ,05 social sciences ,FUNCTIONAL MRI ,White Matter ,Temporal Lobe ,FALSE DISCOVERY RATE ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Female ,DISSOCIATIVE SUBTYPE ,medicine.symptom ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper ,Adult ,MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS ,CORTEX ,medicine.drug_class ,Grey matter ,050105 experimental psychology ,Depersonalization-derealization disorder ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Neuroimaging ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Biological Psychiatry ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,BRAIN NETWORKS ,PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES ,Case-Control Studies ,Anisotropy ,business ,DIFFUSION MRI ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,SPHERICAL DECONVOLUTION - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depersonalization/derealization disorder (DPD) is a chronic and distressing condition characterized by detachment from oneself and/or the external world. Neuroimaging studies have associated DPD with structural and functional alterations in a variety of distinct brain regions. Such local neuronal changes might be mediated by altered interregional white matter connections. However, to our knowledge, no research on network characteristics in this patient population exists to date.METHODS: We explored the structural connectome in 23 individuals with DPD and 23 matched, healthy controls by applying graph theory to diffusion tensor imaging data. Mean interregional fractional anisotropy (FA) was used to define the network weights. Group differences were assessed using network-based statistics and a link-based controlling procedure.RESULTS: Our main finding refers to lower FA values within left temporal and right temporoparietal regions in individuals with DPD than in healthy controls when using a link-based controlling procedure. These links were also associated with dissociative symptom severity and could not be explained by anxiety or depression scores. Using network-based statistics, no significant results emerged. However, we found a trend for 1 subnetwork that may support the model of frontolimbic dysbalance suggested to underlie DPD symptomatology.LIMITATIONS: To ensure ecological validity, patients with certain comorbidities or psychotropic medication were included in the study. Confirmatory replications are necessary to corroborate the results of this explorative investigation.CONCLUSION: In patients with DPD, the structural connectivity between brain regions crucial for multimodal integration and emotion regulation may be altered. Aberrations in fibre tract communication seem to be not solely a secondary effect of local grey matter volume loss, but may present a primary pathophysiology in patients with DPD.
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- 2018
16. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children and adolescents with severe externalising psychopathology
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Katharina Weitkamp, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Judith K. Daniels, Georg Romer, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Conduct Disorder ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,Adolescent ,End of therapy ,CHILDHOOD ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ambulatory Care ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Clinical significance ,Psychoanalytic theory ,Child ,Psychiatry ,CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE ,Social functioning ,ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ,05 social sciences ,Psychoanalytic Therapy ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,PREVALENCE ,Treatment Outcome ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Psychology ,BURDEN ,Social Adjustment ,MENTAL-HEALTH ,Follow-Up Studies ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This partly waitlist-controlled prospective field study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children and adolescents with severe externalising symptoms. Externalising symptoms are associated with diagnoses of conduct disorders, hyperkinetic disorders, and disorders of social functioning.METHODS: Participants were 93 children and adolescents in psychoanalytic therapy with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder with externalising symptomatology (intervention group: n = 65; minimal supportive treatment/waitlist control group: n = 28). Data was collected from parents and patients (≥ 11 years) at beginning/end of treatment, 6- and 12-month follow-up. The effects of long-term psychoanalytical treatment were analysed using a longitudinal design.RESULTS: At the end of therapy, externalising symptoms were significantly reduced rated by both parents and patients (parent-rated: d = .69, patient-rated: d = .63). This effect was stable at the 1-year follow-up (parent-rated: d = .77, patient-rated: d = .68). About 70% of the patients may be considered as recovered or improved by the end of therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Psychoanalytic therapy may be successful in alleviating psychiatric disorders with externalising symptoms with effects stable at the 1-year follow-up.
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- 2017
17. Domestic violence victims in a hospital setting: prevalence, health impact and patients’ preferences – results from a cross-sectional study
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Thomas Beck, Daniel Dejaco, Astrid Lampe, Judith K. Daniels, Silvia Exenberger, Bettina Böttcher, David Riedl, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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• Domestic violence (DV) is a major health concern in healthcare facilities.• DV remains an underdetected issue in the context of hospitals.• Only 4.8% of patients who experienced DV had been asked about DV at the hospital.• Most patients do not mind being asked about DV in a hospital setting.• Acceptance of DV screening was higher among patients with a history of DV.• Screening for DV and specific training for healthcare professionals may improve the detection rate of DV ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Cross-sectional study ,prevalence ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Violencia domestica ,abuso ,家庭暴力 ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,流行率 ,trastorno de estres postraumatico ,Clinical Research Article ,domestic violence ,business.industry ,prevalencia ,05 social sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Odds ratio ,虐待 ,Mental health ,abuse ,identificacion ,030227 psychiatry ,posttraumatic stress disorder ,创伤后应激障碍 ,Family medicine ,识别 ,identification ,business - Abstract
Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a widespread yet commonly underdetected problem with severe impact on physical and mental health. To date, only limited information is available on prevalence and detection-rates of victims of DV in hospital settings. Objective: The aim of this study was (a) to assess the prevalence and impact of DV on physical and mental health as well as risk-factors associated with it, (b) to determine how many patients had been asked directly about DV in the hospital and (c) to investigate patients’ preferences about being asked about DV in a hospital setting. Methods: Adult inpatients and outpatients at seven somatic departments at the University Hospital Innsbruck (Austria) were included consecutively in this ad-hoc, cross-sectional paper-and-pencil questionnaire-based study. In total, n = 2,031 patients were assessed regarding their experiences with DV. They also reported on whether they had been asked about DV at the hospital and whether they would mind being asked about it. To evaluate the impact of DV on patients’ self-reported physical and mental health, odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression. Results: DV was reported by 17.4% of patients, with 4.0% indicating current DV exposure. Lifetime DV exposure was associated with a significant risk for both physical and mental health-problems. Only 4.8% of patients with DV exposure had ever been asked about it by hospital staff. While patients with a history of DV were more open to being asked about DV than patients without DV (78.2% vs. 72.9%), overall acceptance was still high (74%). Conclusion: DV is a frequently overlooked problem with detrimental effects on physical and mental health. While high acceptance of DV assessment was found, only a small proportion of affected patients had indeed been assessed for DV. Screening for DV in hospitals may thus increase the number of identified patients.
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- 2019
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18. Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group
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Judith K. Daniels, Chadi G. Abdallah, Nic J A van der Wee, Michael D. DeBellis, Ifat Levy, Jeremy A. Elman, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Sheri Koopowitz, Jeffrey P. Guenette, Paul M. Thompson, Lee A. Baugh, Laura Nawijn, Daniel O’Doherty, Anna R. Hudson, Dan J. Stein, Alan N. Simmons, Kelene A. Fercho, Carol E. Franz, Emily L. Dennis, Robert H. Paul, Jonathan C Ipser, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Richard J. Davidson, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, Jack B. Nitschke, Lauren A.M. Lebois, Elbert Geuze, Neda Jahanshad, Yuanchao Zheng, Lauren E. Salminen, Anika Sierk, Tor D. Wager, Antje Manthey, Thomas Straube, Kerry J. Ressler, Atilla Gonenc, Ingrid Agartz, Jessica Bomyea, Margaret A. Sheridan, Steven E. Bruce, Staci A. Gruber, Yuval Neria, William S. Kremen, Christian Schmahl, Mitzy Kennis, Mark W. Logue, Miranda Olff, Faisal Rashid, Kyle Choi, Jean Théberge, Tanja Jovanovic, Seth G. Disner, K. Luan Phan, Steven J. A. van der Werff, Theo G.M. van Erp, Katie A. McLaughlin, Richard A. Bryant, Jennifer S. Stevens, Emily K. Clarke-Rubright, Vincent A. Magnotta, Christopher R.K. Ching, Sherry Winternitz, Nicholas D. Davenport, Matthew Peverill, Tiril P. Gurholt, Juan Eugenio Iglesias, Soraya Seedat, Inga K. Koerte, Amy Kennedy-Krage, Babok Hosseini, Raluca M. Simons, John H. Krystal, Michael Hollifield, Christopher L. Averill, Philipp Kinzel, Dick J. Veltman, Martha E. Shenton, Negar Fani, Murray B. Stein, Kathleen Thomaes, Ruth A. Lanius, Joanna Bright, Anthony P. King, Soichiro Nakahara, Xi Zhu, Jessie L. Frijling, Mirjam van Zuiden, Tim Varkevisser, Chanelle Buckle, David Hofmann, Gina L. Forster, Annerine Roos, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Jasmeet P. Hayes, Unn K. Haukvik, Maria Densmore, Richard W. J. Neufeld, Courtney C. Haswell, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Jeffrey S. Simons, Daniel W. Grupe, Xin Wang, Robert Vermeiren, Leigh van den Heuvel, Michael J. Lyons, Henrik Walter, Saskia B. J. Koch, Scott R. Sponheim, Philipp G. Sämann, Christopher D. Whelan, Julia Herzog, Stefan S. du Plessis, Jonathan D. Wolff, Sven C. Mueller, Kristen M. Wrocklage, Rajendra A. Morey, Jim Lagopoulos, and Milissa L. Kaufman
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Traumatic brain injury ,Hippocampus ,Alcohol use disorder ,Hippocampal formation ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,business ,Beta (finance) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
BackgroundPTSD and depression commonly co-occur and have been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes compared to healthy and trauma-exposed controls. However, the hippocampus is heterogeneous, with subregions that may be uniquely affected in individuals with PTSD and depression.MethodsWe used random effects regressions and a harmonized neuroimaging protocol based on FreeSurfer (v6.0) to identify sub-structural hippocampal markers of current PTSD (C-PTSD), depression, and the interaction of these conditions across 31 cohorts worldwide (N=3,115;Mage=38.9±13.9 years). Secondary analyses tested these associations by sex and after modeling the simultaneous effects of remitted PTSD, childhood trauma, mild traumatic brain injury, and alcohol use disorder.ResultsA significant negative main effect of depression (n=800, vs. no depression, n=1456) was observed in the hippocampal tail (ß=−0.13) and CA1 (ß=−0.09) after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (adjusted p’s (q)=0.028). A main effect of C-PTSD (n=1042 vs. control, n=1359) was not significant, but an interaction between C-PTSD and depression was significant in the CA1 (ß=−0.24, q=0.044). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly smaller CA1 volumes in individuals with C-PTSD+Depression than controls (ß=−0.12, q=0.012), C-PTSD-only (ß=−0.17, q=0.001), and Depression-only (ß=−0.18, q=0.023). Follow-up analyses revealed sex effects in the hippocampal tail of depressed females, and an interaction effect of C-PTSD and depression in the fimbria of males.ConclusionsCollectively our results suggest that depression is a stronger predictor of hippocampal volumetry than PTSD, particularly in the CA1, and provide compelling evidence of more pronounced hippocampal phenotypes in comorbid PTSD and depression compared to either condition alone.
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- 2019
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19. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Secondary Traumatization in Interpreters for Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Florian Junne, Cassandra Derreza-Greeven, Wolfgang Herzog, Maritta Schleyer, Judith K. Daniels, Rupert Maria Kohl, Beate Ditzen, Christoph Nikendei, Carolin Schmid, David Kindermann, and Daniel Huhn
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Adult ,Male ,Population ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Attachment theory ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vicarious traumatization ,education ,Refugees ,education.field_of_study ,Translating ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: A substantial proportion of refugees, fleeing persecution, torture, and war, are estimated to suffer from psychological traumatization. After being sheltered in reception centers, the refugees come in close contact with different occupational groups, e.g., physicians, social workers, and interpreters. Previous studies ascertained that such interpreters themselves often suffer from primary psychological traumatization. Moreover, through translating refugees' potentially traumatic depictions, the interpreters are in danger of developing a so-called secondary traumatization. Objective: The present study aimed (1) to analyze the prevalence rates of primary traumatization in interpreters, (2) to assess the prevalence of secondary traumatization, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, (3) to examine the association between secondary traumatization symptoms and resilience factors in terms of sense of coherence, social support, and attachment style, and (4) to test whether these resilience factors mediate the relationship between primary and secondary traumatization. Methods: Participating interpreters (n = 64) were assessed for past exposure to potentially traumatic events as well as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), secondary traumatization, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and subjective stress levels. Furthermore, we conducted psychometric surveys to measure interpreters' sense of coherence, degree of social support, and attachment style as potential predictors. Results: (1) 9% of the interpreters fulfilled all criteria for PTSD and a further 33% had subclinical PTSD; (2) a secondary traumatization was present in 21% of the examined interpreters - of these, 6% showed very high total scores indicating a severe secondary traumatization; furthermore, we found higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress as compared to representative population samples, especially for females; (3) a present sense of coherence, an existing social support network, and a secure or preoccupied attachment style correlated significantly with low scores for secondary traumatization; and (4) a significant correlation emerged between primary and secondary traumatization (r = 0.595, p < 0.001); a mediation analysis revealed that this effect is partially mediated by secure attachment. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of interpreters working with refugees suffer from primary as well as secondary traumatization. However, high scores for sense of coherence and social support, male gender, and especially a secure attachment style were identified as resilience factors for secondary traumatization. The results may have implications for the selection, training, and supervision of interpreters.
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- 2017
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20. Violence from childhood to adulthood: The influence of child victimization and domestic violence on physical health in later life
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Astrid Lampe, Daniel Dejaco, David Riedl, Iris Unterberger, Thomas Beck, Silvia Exenberger, Judith K. Daniels, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Child abuse ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Domestic Violence ,STRESS ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Occupational safety and health ,DISEASE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,INTIMATE PARTNER ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Epidemiology ,Injury prevention ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,MALTREATMENT ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ABUSE ,Crime Victims ,Aged ,SEXUAL VIOLENCE ,business.industry ,Public health ,Bullying ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,EXPERIENCES ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,ACCEPTABILITY ,Health ,RISK-FACTORS ,Female ,business ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,CHRONIC PAIN ,Demography - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous research has shown a detrimental effect of child victimization (CV) on physical disease and mortality. Additionally, individuals with adverse experiences in childhood frequently face domestic violence (DV) in later life. As DV has also been observed to harm physical health, a potential cumulative effect has been proposed. Currently, however, only limited data on such a cumulative effect and its impact on patients' physical health are available.METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study at the University Hospital of Innsbruck was conducted. Data on CV, DV and physical health were collected using self-report questionnaires. To evaluate the impact of CV and DV on patients' health, odds ratios (OR) were calculated using binary logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 1480 patients from various departments participated in the study. CV was found for 38% and DV for 16% of participants. A significantly higher occurrence of physical disease was observed in patients with poly-victimization (4+ CVs). When accounting for the cumulative effect of CV and DV, the occurrence was further increased for musculoskeletal disorders (OR:5.1), chronic pain (OR:5.0), gastrointestinal diseases (OR:3.0), metabolic diseases (OR:2.8) and respiratory diseases (OR:2.4).CONCLUSION: CV and DV were found to be prevalent and highly correlated in patients treated in a primary care hospital. CV and DV - individually, combined and cumulatively - may thus present risks for physical health. Screening patients for the risk of DV as well as assessing CV may aid in early identification and initiation of psychosocial interventions to avoid further aggravation of physical and psychological problems.
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- 2018
21. Behavioural and neural correlates of self-focused emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder
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Michael Gaebler, Jan-Peter Lamke, Judith K. Daniels, Thomas Fydrich, and Henrik Walter
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,Emotions ,Self-concept ,Audiology ,Brain mapping ,Developmental psychology ,Thinking ,Judgment ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Social Behavior ,Biological Psychiatry ,Brain Mapping ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Social anxiety ,Brain ,Anxiety Disorders ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Research Papers ,Self Concept ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Emotive ,Visual Perception ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Background: In healthy individuals, voluntary modification of self-relevance has proven effective in regulating subjective emotional experience as well as physiologic responses evoked by emotive stimuli. As social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by both altered emotional and self-related processing, we tested if emotion regulation through self-focused reappraisal is effective in individuals with SAD.Methods: While undergoing 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging, individuals with SAD and matched healthy controls either passively viewed neutral and aversive pictures or actively increased or decreased their negative emotional experience through the modification of selfrelevance or personal distance to aversive pictures. Participants rated all pictures with regard to the intensity of elicited emotions and self-relatedness.Results: We included 21 individuals with SAD and 23 controls in our study. Individuals with SAD reported significantly stronger emotional intensity across conditions and showed a nonsignificant tendency to judge pictures as more self-related than controls. Compared with controls, individuals with SAD showed an overactivation in bilateral temporoparietal regions and in the posterior midcingulate cortex during the passive viewing of aversive compared with neutral pictures. During instructed emotion regulation, activation patterns normalized and no significant group differences were detected.Limitations: As no positive pictures were presented, results might be limited to the regu lation of negative emotion.Conclusion: During passive viewing of aversive images, individuals with SAD showed evidence of neural hyperreactivity that may be interpreted as increased bodily self-consciousness and heightened perspective-taking. During voluntary increase and decrease of negative emotional intensity, group differences disappeared, suggesting self-focused reappraisal as a successful emotion regulation strategy for individuals with SAD.
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- 2014
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22. Odor-induced recall of emotional memories in PTSD-Review and new paradigm for research
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Judith K. Daniels, Eric Vermetten, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
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Intrusions ,Emotions ,Olfaction ,Amygdala ,050105 experimental psychology ,Exposure ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Odor ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Olfactory memory ,Prefrontal cortex ,Levels-of-processing effect ,Recall ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Posttraumatic stress disorder ,PTSD ,Paradigm ,Smell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Autobiographic memory recall ,Neurology ,Mental Recall ,Odorants ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Childhood memory ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
It is clinically well known that olfactory intrusions in PTSD can be a disabling phenomena due to the involuntary recall of odor memories. Odorants can trigger involuntary recall of emotional memories as well have the potential to help diminishing emotional arousal as grounding stimuli. Despite major advances in our understanding of the function of olfactory system, the study of the relation of olfaction and emotional memory is still relatively scarce. Odor memory is long thought to be different than other types of memories such as verbal or visual memories, being more strongly engraved and more closely related to strong emotions. Brain areas mediating smell memory including orbitofrontal cortex and other parts of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, have been implicated in learning and memory and are part of a neural circuitry that is involved in PTSD. The olfactory cortex itself also plays an important role in emotional processing. Clinical observations support the notion that odor-evoked memories can play a role in the symptomatology of PTSD. This paper reviews a re-emerging body of science linking odor processing to emotional processing in PTSD using the calming and grounding effect of odors as well as the use of odors in augmented exposure therapy. This results in converging evidence that olfaction is an excellent model for studying many questions germane to the field of human emotional memory processing.
- Published
- 2016
23. Elternversion des Depressions-Inventars für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ)
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Katharina Weitkamp, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Judith K. Daniels, Georg Romer, and Sandra Rosenthal
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Gynecology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Psychoanalytic Therapy ,General Medicine ,Observer variation ,Psychology ,Mass screening - Abstract
Fragestellung: Die Verwendbarkeit und psychometrischen Eigenschaften einer für die Elternsicht adaptierten Version des Depressions-Inventars für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ) wurden an einer klinischen Stichprobe mit heterogenen Störungsbildern überprüft. Methodik: Eingeschlossen wurden die Elternurteile von 129 Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen 7 und 18 Jahren in ambulanter psychotherapeutischer Behandlung. Für n = 80 Patienten lag neben dem Elternurteil auch das Selbsturteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen vor. Die Teilnehmer füllten zu Therapiebeginn den DIKJ und die Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) bzw. den Youth Self Report (YSR) aus. Ergebnisse: Die Elternversion des DIKJ erwies sich als reliabel sowie konvergent und diskriminant valide: mittlere bis hohe Korrelationen zu internalisierenden Skalen des CBCL, und eine geringe Korrelation zur externalisierenden Skala des CBCL. Die Korrelationen waren vergleichbar zum Selbsturteil. Die Intra-Class Korrelationen zwischen Eltern und Kindangaben lagen im mittleren Bereich. Die Übereinstimmung der DIKJ Auffälligkeit mit dem Diagnosestatus im diagnostischen Interview (K-SADS) bei 59 % im Selbsturteil und 57 % im Elternurteil. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Elternversion des DIKJ ist reliabel und gut in einer klinischen Stichprobe verwendbar. Erste Hinweise sprechen für die konvergente und diskriminante Validität. Somit kann der DIKJ in Eltern- und Selbsturteil zur bi-perspektivischen Erfassung depressiver Symptomatik eingesetzt werden, auch wenn der Cut-off des DIKJ erneut überprüft werden sollte.
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- 2012
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24. Health-related quality of life: cross-informant agreement of father, mother, and self-report for children and adolescents in outpatient psychotherapy treatment
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Katharina Weitkamp, Judith K. Daniels, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Sandra Rosenthal, and Georg Romer
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Health related quality of life ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Concordance ,medicine.disease ,Outpatient psychotherapy ,Proxy (climate) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Quality of life ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Harm avoidance ,medicine.symptom ,Self report ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background To study the cross-informant agreement between father, mother harm avoidance and child rating of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a psychiatric sample. Methods Data were obtained from 127 children and adolescents (aged 6–18) commencing outpatient psychotherapy treatment, mainly for anxiety, depressive, and externalising disorders. A total of 100 mothers, 69 fathers harm avoidance and 76 children (aged 11 years and older) filled out questionnaires. HRQoL was measured with the KIDSCREEN-27. Results Cross-informant agreement was moderate to high between parents and moderate to low between father–child and mother–child pairs. Both parents reported lower HRQoL than the children themselves. Standardised discrepancies correlated with gender, overall and internalising pathology, as well as harm avoidance to a small degree. Conclusions Although there was moderate-to-high correspondence, mother and father reports were not interchangeable. When collecting a single-parent proxy rating on the child's HRQoL, researchers should be aware of the additional potential source of variance due to differing concordance of father and mother with the child's self-report especially for peer relations.
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- 2012
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25. Der deutsche Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Eltern- und Selbsturteil in einer klinischen Stichprobe 11- bis 18-Jähriger
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Judith K. Daniels, Sandra Rosenthal, Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Katharina Weitkamp, and Georg Romer
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychometrics ,CBCL ,Test validity ,medicine.disease ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,Child Behavior Checklist ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Anxiety disorder ,Mass screening - Abstract
The psychometric properties and cross-informant agreement of the German version of the "Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders" (SCARED) were assessed in a clinical sample. 77 children and adolescents aged 11 to 18 years in outpatient psychotherapy and 66 parents filled out the SCARED and Youth Self Report (YSR) or Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. In n = 57 cases both parent and self-report was available. The German SCARED is shown to have good convergent and divergent validity compared with YSR/CBCL scales. The total score discriminated between children with an anxiety disorder and children with another psychiatric disorder. Cross-informant agreement was moderate with children reporting more and more severe anxiety symptoms than their parents. In conclusion, both the parent and the child version of the German SCARED proved valid. In clinical settings the integration of data from both perspectives seems important.
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- 2011
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26. Multiple trauma and mental health in former Ugandan child soldiers
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Fionna Klasen, Hubertus Adam, Judith K. Daniels, and Gabriele Oettingen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Public health ,Poison control ,Mental health ,Suicide prevention ,humanities ,Occupational safety and health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Military personnel ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Domestic violence ,Psychology ,Psychiatry - Abstract
The present study examines the effect of war and domestic violence on the mental health of child soldiers in a sample consisting of 330 former Ugandan child soldiers (age: 11–17 years, female: 49%). All children had experienced at least 1 war-related event and 78% were additionally exposed to at least 1 incident of domestic violence. Prevalences of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder were 33%, and 36%, respectively. Behavioral and emotional problems above clinical cutoff were measured in 61%. No gender differences were found regarding mental health outcomes. War experience and domestic violence were significantly associated with all mental health outcomes. The authors’ findings point to the detrimental effects of domestic violence in addition to traumatizing war experiences in child soldiers. Currently, 250,000 children are serving as child soldiers in armed conflicts around the globe, forced to witness and often also to commit atrocities, including rape and murder (Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, 2006). According to the Paris Principles, the term child soldier refers to any person below 18 years of age who is or has been associated with an armed force or armed group (United
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- 2010
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27. Posttraumatic Resilience in Former Ugandan Child Soldiers
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Fionna Klasen, Hubertus Adam, Judith K. Daniels, Catrin Hoyer, Gabriele Oettingen, and Manuela Post
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Stress management ,Coping (psychology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,medicine.disease ,Education ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Domestic violence ,Anxiety ,Psychological resilience ,medicine.symptom ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Psychopathology ,Psychological trauma ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The present research examines posttraumatic resilience in extremely exposed children and adolescents based on interviews with 330 former Ugandan child soldiers (age = 11-17, female = 48.5%). Despite severe trauma exposure, 27.6% showed posttraumatic resilience as indicated by the absence of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and clinically significant behavioral and emotional problems. Among these former child soldiers, posttraumatic resilience was associated with lower exposure to domestic violence, lower guilt cognitions, less motivation to seek revenge, better socioeconomic situation in the family, and more perceived spiritual support. Among the youth with significant psychopathology, many of them had symptoms extending beyond the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, in keeping with the emerging concept of developmental trauma disorder. Implications for future research, intervention, and policy are discussed.
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- 2010
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28. Does neuroimaging research examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder require medication-free patients?
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Israel Liberzon, Matthew J. Friedman, Eric Vermetten, Ruth A. Lanius, J. Douglas Bremner, Judith K. Daniels, Chris R. Brewin, Alexander C. McFarlane, Paula P. Schnurr, Murray B. Stein, and Lisa M. Shin
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Diagnostic Imaging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Atypical antipsychotic ,Lamotrigine ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bipolar disorder ,Psychiatry ,education ,Biological Psychiatry ,Review Paper ,education.field_of_study ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Psychology ,Anxiety disorder ,Central Nervous System Agents ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: In an attempt to avoid unknown influence, most neuroimaging studies examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exclude patients taking medications. Here we review the empirical evidence for relevant medications having a confounding effect on task performance or cerebral blood flow (CBF) in this population. The evidence for potentially confounding effects of psychotherapy in PTSD are also discussed. Methods: The literature that we reviewed was obtained through a PubMed search from 1980 to 2009 using the search terms posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, psychotropic medications, neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebral blood flow, CBF, serotonin-specific reuptake blocker, benzodiazepine, ketamine, methamphetamine, lamotrigine and atypical antipsychotic agents. Results: The empirical evidence for relevant medications having a confounding effect on task performance or CBF in relevant areas remains sparse for most psychotropic medications among patients with PTSD. However, considerable evidence is accumulating for 2 of the most commonly prescribed medication classes (serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines) in healthy controls. Compelling data for the potentially confounding effects on brain areas relevant to PTSD for psychotherapeutic interventions are also accumulating. Conclusion: Neuroimaging studies examining the pathophysiology of PTSD should ideally recruit both medicated (assuming that the medication treatment has not resulted in the remission of symptoms) and unmedicated participants, to allow the findings to be generalized with greater confidence to the entire population of patients with PTSD. More research is needed into the independent effects of medications on task performance and CBF in regions of interest in PTSD. Neuro imaging studies should also take into account whether patients are currently engaged in psychotherapeutic treatment.
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- 2010
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29. White Matter Alterations Following Childhood Trauma
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Judith K. Daniels
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White matter alterations ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Physiology ,business - Published
- 2016
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30. Structural brain aberrations associated with the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder
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Paul A. Frewen, Ruth A. Lanius, Judith K. Daniels, and Jean Théberge
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Dissociative Disorders ,Grey matter ,Dissociative ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Dissociation (psychology) ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,Depersonalization ,medicine ,Derealization ,Humans ,Gray Matter ,Psychiatry ,Brain morphometry ,Brain ,Voxel-based morphometry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Identity disorder ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
ObjectiveOne factor potentially contributing to the heterogeneity of previous results on structural grey matter alterations in adult participants suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the varying levels of dissociative symptomatology. The aim of this study was therefore to test whether the recently defined dissociative subtype of PTSD characterized by symptoms of depersonalization and derealization is characterized by specific differences in volumetric brain morphology. MethodWhole-brain MRI data were acquired for 59 patients with PTSD. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to test for group differences between patients classified as belonging (n=15) vs. not belonging (n=44) to the dissociative subtype of PTSD. The correlation between dissociation (depersonalization/derealization) severity and grey matter volume was computed. ResultsPatients with PTSD classified as belonging to the dissociative subtype exhibited greater grey matter volume in the right precentral and fusiform gyri as well as less volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus. Greater dissociation severity was associated with greater volume in the right middle frontal gyrus. ConclusionThe results of this first whole-brain investigation of specific grey matter volume in dissociative subtype PTSD indentified structural aberrations in regions subserving the processing and regulation of emotional arousal. These might constitute characteristic biomarkers for the dissociative subtype PTSD.
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- 2015
31. Grey matter alterations in patients with depersonalization disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study
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Jan-Peter Lamke, Michael Gaebler, Judith K. Daniels, and Henrik Walter
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Adult ,Male ,Depersonalization Disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Grey matter ,computer.software_genre ,Voxel ,Internal medicine ,Depersonalization ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Gray Matter ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Organ Size ,Voxel-based morphometry ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cardiology ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,computer ,Research Paper - Abstract
BackgroundTo our knowledge, no whole brain investigation of morphological aberrations in dissociative disorder is available to date. Previous region-of-interest studies focused exclusively on amygdalar, hippocampal and parahippocampal grey matter volumes and did not include patients with depersonalization disorder (DPD). We therefore carried out an explorative whole brain study on structural brain aberrations in patients with DPD.MethodsWe acquired whole brain, structural MRI data for patients with DPD and healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to test for group differences, and correlations with symptom severity scores were computed for grey matter volume.ResultsOur study included 25 patients with DPD and 23 controls. Patients exhibited volume reductions in the right caudate, right thalamus and right cuneus as well as volume increases in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right somatosensory region that are not a direct function of anxiety or depression symptoms.LimitationsTo ensure ecological validity, we included patients with comorbid disorders and patients taking psychotropic medication.ConclusionThe results of this first whole brain investigation of grey matter volume in patients with a dissociative disorder indentified structural alterations in regions subserving the emergence of conscious perception. It remains unknown if these alterations are best understood as risk factors for or results of the disorder.
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- 2015
32. Altered connectivity within the salience network during direct eye gaze in PTSD
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Judith K. Daniels, Janine Thome, Paul A. Frewen, Maria Densmore, and Ruth A. Lanius
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Direct gaze ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Left amygdala ,Insula ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Amygdala ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Salience network ,mental disorders ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,ICA ,Traumatic stress ,Biological Psychiatry ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Childhood abuse ,05 social sciences ,Posttraumatic stress disorder ,Gaze ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Posttraumatic stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,fMRI functional connectivity analysis ,Eye tracking ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress (PTSD) disorder has been associated with heightened threat sensitivity. Evidence suggests that direct eye gaze leads to sustained activation of the superior colliculus/periaqueductal grey within individuals with PTSD. The present analysis investigated functional connectivity within the salience network (SN) in the same sample as presented in a prior publication during direct versus averted gaze in adults with PTSD related to childhood maltreatment as compared to healthy individuals. Methods Functional connectivity within the SN was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants viewed avatars positioned in direct versus averted gaze relative to the participant in 16 individuals with PTSD related to childhood maltreatment and 16 healthy control subjects. Connectivity within the SN was assessed via Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Associations with symptom severity were explored with multiple regression analyses on individual subject components. Results Temporal multiple regression analyses revealed higher connectivity within the SN during direct versus averted gaze which was more pronounced in individuals with PTSD as compared to healthy controls. Compared to controls, individuals with PTSD showed increased integration of the left amygdala and the right insula within the SN. PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with connectivity of the right mid-cingulate cortex within the SN in PTSD subjects only. Conclusions Participants with PTSD showed enhanced coupling of the amygdala and the insula within the SN as compared to healthy control subjects during gaze processing. Our results provide evidence for an increased sensitivity of the salience network to direct versus averted gaze in individuals with PTSD related to childhood maltreatment.
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- 2014
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33. Effect of direct eye contact in women with PTSD related to interpersonal trauma: Psychophysiological interaction analysis of connectivity of an innate alarm system
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Judith K. Daniels, Ruth A. Lanius, Carolin Steuwe, Paul A. Frewen, Jean Théberge, and Maria Densmore
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Adult ,Eye Movements ,Emotions ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Eye contact ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Amygdala ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Developmental psychology ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Young Adult ,Thalamus ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Interpersonal Relations ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Superior colliculus ,Psychophysiological Interaction ,Eye movement ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Posterior cingulate ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Insula ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
In healthy individuals, direct eye contact is thought to modulate a cortical route eliciting social cognitive processes via activation of a fast subcortical pathway. This study aimed to examine functional brain connectivity during direct eye contact in women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse as compared with healthy controls. We conducted psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses in Statistical Parametric Mapping-8 (SPM8) using the superior colliculus (SC) and locus coeruleus (LC) as seed regions while 16 healthy subjects and 16 patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD related to childhood maltreatment viewed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm involving direct (D) versus averted (A) gaze (happy, sad, neutral). The PTSD group showed a significantly enhanced connectivity between the SC and the anterior cingulate, and between the LC and the thalamus, caudate, putamen, insula, cingulate gyrus, and amygdala, as compared with healthy individuals. Symptom severity scores on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) showed significant positive correlations with superior colliculus connectivity with the perigenual and posterior cingulate, insula, and sublenticular extended amygdala. Functional connectivity data suggest increased recruitment of brain regions involved in emotion processing during direct gaze in PTSD in association with the fast subcortical pathway. The interpretation of eye contact as a signal of threat may require more emotion regulatory capacities in patients with PTSD.
- Published
- 2014
34. Psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for Secondary Traumatization
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Katharina Weitkamp, Judith K. Daniels, and Fionna Klasen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Basic Research Article ,burnout ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,questionnaire ,vicarious traumatization ,compassion fatigue ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,Burnout ,psychometric properties ,Compassion fatigue ,Internal consistency ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Scale structure ,medicine ,Vicarious traumatization ,Secondary Traumatization ,Secondary traumatization ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Reliability (statistics) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background : During the past several years, there has been a growing interest in the negative effects that providing therapy may have on therapists. Of special interest is a phenomenon called secondary traumatization, which can arise while working with traumatized clients. To develop a simple screening tool for secondary traumatization, a quantitative assessment instrument was constructed using a data-driven approach based on qualitative interviews with affected trauma therapists as well as experienced supervisors in trauma therapy. Objective : The aim of the current study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the newly developed Questionnaire for Secondary Traumatization (FST) acute and lifetime version and to determine the most appropriate scoring procedure. Method : To this end, three independent samples of psychotherapists ( n =371), trauma therapists in training ( n =80), and refugee counselors ( n =197) filled out an online questionnaire battery. Data structure was analyzed using factor analyses, cluster analyses, and reliability analyses. Results : Factor analyses yielded a six-factor structure for both the acute and the lifetime version with only a small number of items loading on differing factors. Cluster analyses suggested a single scale structure of the questionnaire. The FST total score showed good internal consistencies across all three samples, while internal consistency of the six extracted factors was mixed. Conclusion : With the FST, a reliable screening instrument for acute and lifetime secondary traumatization is now available which is free of charge and yields a sum score for quick evaluation. The six-factor structure needs to be verified with confirmatory factor analyses. Keywords: Secondary traumatization; psychometric properties; questionnaire; compassion fatigue; burnout; vicarious traumatization (Published: 9 January 2014) To access the supplementary material for this article, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools). Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 21875 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.21875
- Published
- 2014
35. The impact of stimulus valence and emotion regulation on sustained brain activation: task-rest switching in emotion
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Denise Dörfel, Jan-Peter Lamke, Susanne Erk, Michael Gaebler, Judith K. Daniels, Falk Hummel, Rasha Abdel Rahman, and Henrik Walter
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Cingulate cortex ,Emotions ,Social Sciences ,Brain mapping ,0302 clinical medicine ,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neural Pathways ,Human Performance ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Attention ,Prefrontal cortex ,Default mode network ,Visual Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognitive Neurology ,05 social sciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Amygdala ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Rest ,Science ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Neuroimaging ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Biology ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Behavior ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Visual cortex ,Cognitive Science ,Nerve Net ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Task-rest interactions, defined as the modulation of brain activation during fixation periods depending on the preceding stimulation and experimental manipulation, have been described repeatedly for different cognitively demanding tasks in various regions across the brain. However, task-rest interactions in emotive paradigms have received considerably less attention. In this study, we therefore investigated task-rest interactions evoked by the induction and instructed regulation of negative emotion. Whole-brain, functional MRI data were acquired from 55 healthy participants. Two-level general linear model statistics were computed to test for differences between conditions, separately for stimulation and for fixation periods, as well as for interactions between stimulation and fixation (task-rest interactions). Results showed that the regulation of negative emotion led to reverse task-rest interactions (decreased activation during stimulation but increased activation during fixation) in the amygdala as well as in visual cortex regions and to concordant task-rest interactions (increased activation during both, stimulation and fixation) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as in a number of brain regions at the intersection of the default mode and the dorsal attention networks. Thus, this first whole-brain investigation of task-rest interactions following the induction and regulation of negative emotion identified a widespread specific modulation of brain activation in regions subserving emotion generation and regulation as well as regions implicated in attention and default mode.
- Published
- 2014
36. Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with mental disorders
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Silke Wiegand-Grefe, Judith K. Daniels, Katharina Weitkamp, and Georg Romer
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Male ,Parents ,Quality of life ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Adolescent ,Internalising disorders ,Family functioning ,Comparative effectiveness research ,MEDLINE ,Child Behavior ,Comorbidity ,Externalising disorders ,Germany ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Health Status Indicators ,Humans ,Parent-Child Relations ,Psychiatry ,Child ,Health related quality of life ,Mental Disorders ,Research ,Outcome measures ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Mental health treatment ,humanities ,Psychotherapy ,Adolescent Behavior ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background The aim was to assess the association of internalising and externalising pathology with the child’s health-related quality of life (QoL), and to determine which child and environmental characteristics beyond pathology were related to poor QoL. Methods Data was obtained for 120 children and adolescents (aged 6 to 18) commencing outpatient psychotherapy treatment. Parents and children (aged 11 years and older) filled out questionnaires. QoL was measured with the KIDSCREEN-27. Results QoL was more strongly associated with internalising than externalising pathology according to both self- and parent report. Multiple regression analyses showed that beyond internalising and externalising pathology, gender, age, family functioning, functional impairment, and prior mental health treatment were associated with individual QoL scales. Conclusions The data underscored the relationship between mental pathology and impaired QoL even if potential item overlap was controlled for. This stresses the importance of extending therapy goals and outcome measures from mere pathology to measures of QoL in psychotherapy research particularly for patients with internalising pathology.
- Published
- 2013
37. Heart rate variability and its neural correlates during emotional face processing in social anxiety disorder
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Michael Gaebler, Henrik Walter, Judith K. Daniels, Jan-Peter Lamke, and Thomas Fydrich
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rest ,Emotions ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Brain mapping ,Phobic disorder ,Young Adult ,Heart Rate ,mental disorders ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Heart rate variability ,Humans ,Young adult ,Vagal tone ,Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Brain Mapping ,General Neuroscience ,Social anxiety ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Oxygen ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Phobic Disorders ,Case-Control Studies ,Face ,Female ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
The monitoring and regulation of one's own physiological reactions and cardioregulatory abnormalities are central to the aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder (SAD). We therefore explored the neural correspondences of these heart rate alterations. 21 patients with SAD and 21 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent 3T-fMRI scanning. Simultaneously, high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) was acquired during a short-term resting period and an implicit emotional face-matching task. Compared to HCs, patients with SAD reported increased self-focused attention while being less accurate in estimating their heartbeats. Physiologically, they showed less HF-HRV at rest and during task. Across groups, HF-HRV at rest correlated positively with activation in visual face-processing areas. The right caudate nucleus showed an interaction of group and cardioregulation: Activation in this region was positively correlated in patients with SAD but negatively in HCs. We conclude that cardioregulation is altered in SAD on the subjective, physiological, and brain level.
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- 2013
38. Effect of direct eye contact in PTSD related to interpersonal trauma: an fMRI study of activation of an innate alarm system
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Ruth A. Lanius, Jeffrey P. Reiss, Thomas Beblo, Carolin Steuwe, Paul A. Frewen, Maria Densmore, Judith K. Daniels, and Sebastian Pannasch
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Adult ,genetic structures ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Temporoparietal junction ,Emotions ,Eye contact ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,social cognition ,Eye ,superior colliculus ,Periaqueductal gray ,Developmental psychology ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Young Adult ,Social cognition ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Instinct ,Facial expression ,Analysis of Variance ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Superior colliculus ,fMRI ,childhood abuse ,Brain ,PTSD ,General Medicine ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,dorsomedial prefrontal ,Gaze ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Facial Expression ,cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In healthy individuals, direct eye contact initially leads to activation of a fast subcortical pathway, which then modulates a cortical route eliciting social cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the neurobiological effects of direct eye-to-eye contact using a virtual reality paradigm in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to prolonged childhood abuse. We examined 16 healthy comparison subjects and 16 patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD using a virtual reality functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm involving direct vs averted gaze (happy, sad, neutral) as developed by Schrammel et al. in 2009. Irrespective of the displayed emotion, controls exhibited an increased blood oxygenation level-dependent response during direct vs averted gaze within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, left temporoparietal junction and right temporal pole. Under the same conditions, individuals with PTSD showed increased activation within the superior colliculus (SC)/periaqueductal gray (PAG) and locus coeruleus. Our findings suggest that healthy controls react to the exposure of direct gaze with an activation of a cortical route that enhances evaluative 'top-down' processes underlying social interactions. In individuals with PTSD, however, direct gaze leads to sustained activation of a subcortical route of eye-contact processing, an innate alarm system involving the SC and the underlying circuits of the PAG.
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- 2012
39. Alterations in default mode network connectivity during pain processing in borderline personality disorder
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Anja Kraus, Judith K. Daniels, Christian Schmahl, Vince D. Calhoun, Martin Bohus, Ruth A. Lanius, Maria Densmore, Rosemarie Kluetsch, Petra Ludaescher, and Inga Niedtfeld
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Article ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Neuroimaging ,Retrosplenial cortex ,Borderline Personality Disorder ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Prefrontal cortex ,Borderline personality disorder ,Default mode network ,Cerebral Cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Psychophysiological Interaction ,Pain Perception ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Posterior cingulate ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,human activities ,Self-Injurious Behavior - Abstract
Context Recent neuroimaging studies have associated activity in the default mode network (DMN) with self-referential and pain processing, both of which are altered in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In patients with BPD, antinociception has been linked to altered activity in brain regions involved in the cognitive and affective evaluation of pain. Findings in healthy subjects indicate that painful stimulation leads to blood oxygenation level–dependent signal decreases and changes in the functional architecture of the DMN. Objectives To connect the previously separate research areas of DMN connectivity and altered pain perception in BPD and to explore DMN connectivity during pain processing in patients with BPD. Design Case-control study. Setting University hospital. Participants Twenty-five women with BPD, including 23 (92%) with a history of self-harm, and 22 age-matched control subjects. Interventions Psychophysical assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging during painful heat vs neutral temperature stimulation. Main Outcome Measure Connectivity of DMN as assessed via independent component analysis and psychophysiological interaction analysis. Results Compared with control subjects, patients with BPD showed less integration of the left retrosplenial cortex and left superior frontal gyrus into the DMN. Higher BPD symptom severity and trait dissociation were associated with an attenuated signal decrease of the DMN in response to painful stimulation. During pain vs neutral, patients with BPD exhibited less posterior cingulate cortex seed region connectivity with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions Patients with BPD showed significant alterations in DMN connectivity, with differences in spatial integrity and temporal characteristics. These alterations may reflect a different cognitive and affective appraisal of pain as less self-relevant and aversive as well as a deficiency in the switching between baseline and task-related processing. This deficiency may be related to everyday difficulties of patients with BPD in regulating their emotions, focusing mindfully on 1 task at a time, and efficiently shifting their attention from one task to another.
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- 2012
40. Cognitive distortions in an acutely traumatized sample: an investigation of predictive power and neural correlates
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Brian H. Rowe, Richard J. Neufeld, Judith K. Daniels, Nicholas J. Coupland, Ruth A. Lanius, and Kathy Hegadoren
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Adult ,Male ,Severity of Illness Index ,Visual processing ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Young Adult ,Severity of illness ,Interview, Psychological ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Association (psychology) ,Applied Psychology ,Aged ,Ontario ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Recall ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Logistic Models ,Female ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BackgroundCurrent theories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) place considerable emphasis on the role cognitive distortions such as self-blame, hopelessness or preoccupation with danger play in the etiology and maintenance of the disorder. Previous studies have shown that cognitive distortions in the early aftermath of traumatic events can predict future PTSD severity but, to date, no studies have investigated the neural correlates of this association.MethodWe conducted a prospective study with 106 acutely traumatized subjects, assessing symptom severity at three time points within the first 3 months post-trauma. A subsample of 20 subjects additionally underwent a functional 4-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at 2 to 4 months post-trauma.ResultsCognitive distortions proved to be a significant predictor of concurrent symptom severity in addition to diagnostic status, but did not predict future symptom severity or diagnostic status over and above the initial symptom severity. Cognitive distortions were correlated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal strength in brain regions previously implicated in visual processing, imagery and autobiographic memory recall. Intrusion characteristics accounted for most of these correlations.ConclusionsThis investigation revealed significant predictive value of cognitive distortions concerning concurrent PTSD severity and also established a significant relationship between cognitive distortions and neural activations during trauma recall in an acutely traumatized sample. These data indicate a direct link between the extent of cognitive distortions and the intrusive nature of trauma memories.
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- 2011
41. Effects of trauma-related cues on pain processing in posttraumatic stress disorder: an fMRI investigation
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Marla J. S. Mickleborough, Ulrich F. Lanius, Maria Densmore, Judith K. Daniels, Nicholas J. Coupland, Allan N. Schore, Todd K. Stevens, Peter C. Williamson, Ruth A. Lanius, Raymond Kao, and Kathy Hegadoren
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Adult ,Male ,Pain Threshold ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dissociative Experiences Scale ,Caudate nucleus ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Amygdala ,Brain mapping ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Threshold of pain ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Pain Perception ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Research Papers ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mental Recall ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,Cues ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Anxiety disorder - Abstract
Background: Imaging studies of pain processing in primary psychiatric disorders are just emerging. This study explored the neural correlates of stress-induced analgesia in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the traumatic script-driven imagery symptom provocation paradigm to examine the effects of trauma-related cues on pain perception in individuals with PTSD. Methods: The study included 17 patients with PTSD and 26 healthy, trauma-exposed controls. Participants received warm (nonpainful) or hot (painful) thermal stimuli after listening to a neutral or a traumatic script while they were undergoing an fMRI scan at a 4.0 T field strength. Results: Between-group analyses revealed that after exposure to the traumatic scripts, the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal during pain perception was greater in the PTSD group than the control group in the head of the caudate. In the PTSD group, strong positive correlations resulted between BOLD signal and symptom severity in a num ber of brain regions previously implicated in stress-induced analgesia, such as the thalamus and the head of the caudate nucleus. Trait dissociation as measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale correlated negatively with the right amygdala and the left putamen. Limitations: This study included heterogeneous traumatic experiences, a different proportion of military trauma in the PTSD versus the control group and medicated patients with PTSD. Conclusion: These data indicate that in patients with PTSD trauma recall will lead in a state-dependent manner to greater activation in brain regions implicated in stress-induced analgesia. Correlational analyses lend support to cortical hyperinhibition of the amygdala as a function of dissociation.
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- 2011
42. Switching between executive and default mode networks in posttraumatic stress disorder: alterations in functional connectivity
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C. Richard Clark, Judith K. Daniels, Ruth A. Lanius, Robyn Bluhm, Maria Densmore, Peter C. Williamson, Kathryn A. Moores, Marnie Shaw, and Alexander C. McFarlane
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Adult ,Male ,Nerve net ,Prefrontal Cortex ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Executive Function ,Parietal Lobe ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Default mode network ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Working memory ,Parietal lobe ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Memory, Short-Term ,Parahippocampal Gyrus ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Parahippocampal gyrus ,Anxiety disorder ,Cognitive psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Working memory processing and resting-state connectivity in the default mode network are altered in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because the ability to effortlessly switch between concentration on a task and an idling state during rest is implicated in both these alterations, we undertook a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with a block design to analyze task-induced modulations in connectivity.We performed a working memory task and psychophysiologic interaction analyses with the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex as seed regions during fixation in 12 patients with severe, chronic PTSD and 12 healthy controls.During the working memory task, the control group showed significantly stronger connectivity with areas implicated in the salience and executive networks, including the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right inferior parietal lobule. The PTSD group showed stronger connectivity with areas implicated in the default mode network, namely enhanced connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and the right superior frontal gyrus and between the medial prefrontal cortex and the left parahippocampal gyrus.Because we were studying alterations in patients with severe, chronic PTSD, we could not exclude patients taking medication. The small sample size may have limited the power of our analyses. To avoid multiple testing in a small sample, we only used 2 seed regions for our analyses.The different patterns of connectivity imply significant group differences with task-induced switches (i.e., engaging and disengaging the default mode network and the central-executive network).
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- 2010
43. Neural correlates and predictive power of trait resilience in an acutely traumatized sample: a pilot investigation
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Ruth A. Lanius, Richard W. J. Neufeld, Brian H. Rowe, Judith K. Daniels, Nicholas J. Coupland, Maria Densmore, and Kathy Hegadoren
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Pilot Projects ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Severity of Illness Index ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Functional neuroimaging ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Prospective cohort study ,media_common ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Recall ,Adult Survivors of Child Abuse ,Functional Neuroimaging ,Brain ,Emergency department ,Resilience, Psychological ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Locus of control ,Mental Recall ,Female ,Psychological resilience ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective Resilience refers to the ability to thrive despite adversity and is defined as a multidimensional phenomenon, spanning internal locus of control, sense of meaning, social problem-solving skills, and self-esteem. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of resilience for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the neural correlates mediating the relationship between resilience and recovery from a traumatic event in acutely traumatized subjects. We hypothesized that resilience would mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and posttraumatic recovery. Method We conducted a prospective study with 70 acutely traumatized subjects with DSM-IV PTSD recruited at the emergency department, assessing PTSD symptom severity at 3 time points within the first 3 months posttrauma. Scores for childhood trauma as assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and trait resilience as assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used as predictors of symptom severity. A subsample of 12 subjects additionally underwent a functional 4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan 2 to 4 months posttrauma. We employed the traumatic script-driven imagery paradigm to assess the correlations between trait resilience and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2007. Results Resilience predicted PTSD symptom severity at 5 to 6 weeks (β = -0.326, P = .01) as well as at 3 months (β = -0.423, P = .003) posttrauma better than childhood trauma. Resilience essentially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and posttraumatic adjustment. Resilience scores were positively correlated with BOLD signal strength in the right thalamus as well as the inferior and middle frontal gyri (Brodmann area 47). Conclusions This pilot investigation revealed a significant relationship between resilience and emotion regulation areas during trauma recall in an acutely traumatized sample. Resilience was established as a significant predictor of PTSD symptom severity and mediated the influence of childhood trauma on posttraumatic adjustment.
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- 2010
44. Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in post-traumatic stress disorder during sub- and supraliminal processing of threat-related stimuli
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M. Tursich, Maria Densmore, Paul A. Frewen, Ruth A. Lanius, Daniela Rabellino, Judith K. Daniels, and Jean Théberge
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Adult ,Male ,Threat perception ,Precuneus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Subliminal Stimulation ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Group independent component analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Functional connectivity ,Subliminal stimuli ,Traumatic stress ,Fear ,Middle Aged ,Amygdala ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Claustrum ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Objective To investigate the functional connectivity of large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during subliminal and supraliminal presentation of threat-related stimuli. Method Group independent component analysis was utilized to study functional connectivity within the ICNs most correlated with the Default-mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Central Executive Network (CEN) in PTSD participants (n = 26) as compared to healthy controls (n = 20) during sub- and supraliminal processing of threat-related stimuli. Results Comparing patients with PTSD with healthy participants, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex involved in top-down regulation showed increased integration during subliminal threat processing within the CEN and SN and during supraliminal threat processing within the DMN. The right amygdala showed increased connectivity with the DMN during subliminal processing in PTSD as compared to controls. Brain regions associated with self-awareness and consciousness exhibited decreased connectivity during subliminal threat processing in PTSD as compared to controls: the claustrum within the SN and the precuneus within the DMN. Conclusion Key nodes of the ICNs showed altered functional connectivity in PTSD as compared to controls, and differential results characterized sub- and supraliminal processing of threat-related stimuli. These findings enhance our understanding of ICNs underlying PTSD at different levels of conscious threat perception.
45. German Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): reliability, validity, and cross-informant agreement in a clinical sample
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Sandra Rosenthal, Georg Romer, Judith K. Daniels, Katharina Weitkamp, and Silke Wiegand-Grefe
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medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sample (statistics) ,Psychiatry and Psychology ,Pediatrics ,Validity ,German ,Forensic psychiatry ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,Child and adolescent psychiatry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Psychiatry ,media_common ,SCARED ,Research ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,medicine.disease ,Reliability ,RELIABILITY VALIDITY ,Agreement ,language.human_language ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,language ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Anxiety disorder ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background The psychometric properties and cross-informant agreement of a German translation of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were assessed in a clinical sample Methods 102 children and adolescents in outpatient psychotherapy and their parents filled out the SCARED and Youth Self Report/Child Behaviour Checklist (YSR/CBCL). Results The German SCARED showed good internal consistency for both parent and self-report version, and proved to be convergently and discriminantly valid when compared with YSR/CBCL scales. Cross-informant agreement was moderate with children reporting both a larger number as well as higher severity of anxiety symptoms than their parents. Conclusion In conclusion, the German SCARED is a valid and reliable anxiety scale and may be used in a clinical setting
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46. The impact of stimulus valence and emotion regulation on sustained brain activation: task-rest switching in emotion.
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Jan-Peter Lamke, Judith K Daniels, Denise Dörfel, Michael Gaebler, Rasha Abdel Rahman, Falk Hummel, Susanne Erk, and Henrik Walter
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Task-rest interactions, defined as the modulation of brain activation during fixation periods depending on the preceding stimulation and experimental manipulation, have been described repeatedly for different cognitively demanding tasks in various regions across the brain. However, task-rest interactions in emotive paradigms have received considerably less attention. In this study, we therefore investigated task-rest interactions evoked by the induction and instructed regulation of negative emotion. Whole-brain, functional MRI data were acquired from 55 healthy participants. Two-level general linear model statistics were computed to test for differences between conditions, separately for stimulation and for fixation periods, as well as for interactions between stimulation and fixation (task-rest interactions). Results showed that the regulation of negative emotion led to reverse task-rest interactions (decreased activation during stimulation but increased activation during fixation) in the amygdala as well as in visual cortex regions and to concordant task-rest interactions (increased activation during both, stimulation and fixation) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as in a number of brain regions at the intersection of the default mode and the dorsal attention networks. Thus, this first whole-brain investigation of task-rest interactions following the induction and regulation of negative emotion identified a widespread specific modulation of brain activation in regions subserving emotion generation and regulation as well as regions implicated in attention and default mode.
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- 2014
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