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(1978). Asthma, epilepsy and allergy. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 159-162.

SummaryAbsorption spectra of ragweed pollen extracts prepared by a new electro-phoretic preparative method and by extracting the pollen with methanol are reported. Two main absorption bands were observed for crude aqueous extracts at about 2600 A and 3600 A. The 2600 and 3600 A bands may be correlated with an impurity. The main components separated electrophoretically by the preparative method still showed a marked absorption band at 2600 A, but none at 3600 A. Ninety percent methanol leached, lyophilized ragweed pollen extracts (MLL) show a marked depression of the 2600 A and the 3600 A bands. Biological activity of the essentially pigment-free preparation is identical with the preparation containing all of the pigment thus confirming our previous point of view that the pigments do not contribute substantially to the biological activity. Electrophoretic analysis reveals that a new substantially colorless major component is formed, on removal of the pigment, with an electric mobility of approximately 0.3 ...

A generally acceptable method of comparing psychotomimetic compounds has apparently not been devised. A method of this type would provide the replicability not now available in the newly developed field of psycho-pharmacology. For example, the method employing the Cold Spring Harbor questionnaire devised by the writer and his co-workers has been criticized as being “too suggestible”, “too structured”, or “insufficiently cognizant of unconscious processing”. It is the purpose of this communication to show that the Cold Spring Harbor questionnaire (1, 2) provides a suitable method of study of the psychotomimetic drugs similar to d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25). The basis for this statement is the comparison made here of the results of an independent study of a series of congeners of LSD-25 made by Isbell, Miner and Logan (3) in another laboratory, in a different milieu, and on a different population sample. It has been found that the comparative effectiveness of a series of LSD congeners both at Cold Spring Harbor and at Isbell's laboratory in Lexington, Kentucky are the same when the Cold Spring Harbor questionnaire is employed.

(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): VIII. Effect on Arithmetic Test Performance. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 465-473.

(1964). Antiserotonin Action of LSD-25 and other Lysergic Acid Derivatives: Fact and Fiction. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 207-211.

(1967). The Use Of LSD (D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) In The Therapy Of Children. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 139-143.

1. The cataphoretic velocity of blood platelets (horse) in plasma has been found to be between 40 and 51 µ per sec. per volt per cm. The mean velocity obtained from five horses is . 45 µ per sec. per volt per cm. 2. The cataphoretic velocity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in similar specimens is practically identical with that of the platelets. This is noteworthy because of the fact that lymphocytes and red cells have different speeds. 3. With spontaneous agglutination of platelets, white cells and red cells, there is no change in the cataphoretic velocity incidental to aggregation. 4. The possible surface composition of platelets and white cells is briefly discussed. 5. The bearing of these findings on the origin of blood platelets and the mechanism of thrombus formation is demonstrated.

(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25): Xv. the Effects Produced By Substitution of a Tap Water Placebo. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 367-383.

1.1. A simple and effective way of preparing a gelatin vehicle for subcutaneous injection where a slow acting pharmacologic effect is desired is described. 2.2. The method consists in adding sufficient urea to the gelatin solution to maintain the gel in the sol state at room temperature. 3.3. Experiments on plasticity have shown that an 8.5 per cent solution of gelatin plus 15 per cent urea becomes and remains liquid at room temperature when removed from the refrigerator. 4.4. The mixture does not readily support the growth of bacteria. 5.5. The experiments and clinical trials reported illustrate that this preparation is suitable for the administration of epinephrine as well as other drugs and biologically active substances where retardation of the pharmacologic effect is desired.

(1960). Production of Cross-Tolerance to Psychosis-Producing Doses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 151-154.

(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (Lsd-25): Xi. Content Analysis of Clinical Reactions. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 53-60.

Quantitative methods are described for studying the whealing response to cold. A case of cold urticaria was treated with graded doses of histamine and histaminase; 50 mg. of histamine and 525 units of histaminase were administered without any effect upon the size of the wheal or its rate of formation after the application of a standard cold stimulus.

1. Quartz particles and certain other particles move cataphoretically in certain soft gelatin gels, with the same velocity as in the sol. The speed is a function of the true viscosity of the sol or gel, and it is See PDF for Structure apparently not altered in these soft gels by the presence of gel structure. It is proportional to the applied difference of potential. 2. This finding is compatible with the fact that certain sols undergo gelation with no increase of the true viscosity although a marked change in the apparent viscosity takes place. 3. Red cells in soft gelatin-serum gels show a distinct difference in behavior. They migrate through the sol or gel with a speed that is about twice as great as the leucocytes and quartz particles, which latter particles migrate with the same velocity. This ratio has been found to hold for serum and plasma. The absolute velocities are comparatively slightly decreased by the presence of the gel. 4. In more concentrated or stiffer gels, leucocytes, red cells and quartz particles all move at first with the same velocity. By producing mechanical softening of these gels (shearing from cataphoretic movement of the micells within the cell) the red cells presently resume their previous property of independent migration through the gel. 5. The movements of particles in gelatin gels produced by a magnetic force or the force of gravity are of a different nature than those movements produced by cataphoresis. 6. The mechanical nature of obstruction to the cataphoretic migration of leucocytes and red cells in fibrin gels is briefly described. 7. The correlation of cataphoresis of microscopic particles in gels with the order of magnitude and nature of the potential differences in the capillary wall, lends additional evidence to the theory that polymorphonuclear leucocyte emigration and migration are dependent upon these potential differences.

Although derivatives of d-lysergic acid have been employed in medicine for many years, the knowledge of their unique action on the central nervous system is dependent upon comparatively recent studies. The antiserotonin action of these compounds makes them of special value in the study of allergic mechanisms. Antiserotonin drugs may possibly lead to a more general method of therapy. It is the purpose of this communication to briefly review, and coordinate where possible, the reports of some pertinent investigators looking toward future research.

Although death by anaphylactic shock is usually caused by protein antigens in animal experimentation, clinical deaths in man are often due to small molecules like penicillin. The molecular weight of potassium penicillin G is about 372. The molecular weight of heroin is close to 369, almost identical to that of the penicillin compound. Penicillin is an allergen that not only produces (according to Stewart and McGovcrn) 300 deaths annually, but it also can produce tolerance to itself in certain organisms, e.g. staphylococcus. In a previous report’ I have pointed out that there are certain clear resemblances between the symptoms of acute anaphylactic shock and those of acute drug withdrawal shock in man. On the theoretical side of the allergic state, drug addiction is in one sense the converse of hypersensitivity. The individual is markedly less sensitive to the drug. Sudden withdrawal of the drug leads to the violent symptoms of “cold turkey.” In a sense, the acute symptoms of withdrawal are a type of “withdrawal shock” analogous to anaphylactic shock. Both anaphylactic shock and the symptoms of anxiety, frothing at the mouth, difficulty in breathing, feeling of body on fire, cyanosis, generalized itching, spasms, and swelling of the skin of anaphylactic shock are to some extent matched by the symptoms of withdrawal shock (barbiturates, alcohol, etc.) like vomiting, tremor, restlessness, muscle twitching, anxiety, ataxia and psychic aberrations. Perhaps the allergist should examine more closely the mechanisms of addiction and tolerance to drugs, if new ideas are to develop in untangling the complexities of hypersensitivity and, perhaps, of tolerance to drugs. It is the purpose of this communication to examine by paradigm the similarities between these two types of shock hitherto considered quite distinct.

"Five Ss were tested on nine occasions under two placebos of tap water and under an average effective dose of 7 drugs--ergometerine (Ergonovine), ethyl alcohol, scopolamine (hyroscine), d-1-brom lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148), methamphetamine hydrochloride (Methedrine or Pervitin), lysergic acid monoethylamide (LAE-32), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) during 9 different experimental sessions . . ... The Ss completed a questionnaire inquiring about their perceptual, physiological and cognitive state before they received the drug or placebo and .5, 2.5 and 4.5 hours after receiving it . . ... Although differentiation between 3 lysergic acid derivatives, Ergonovine, LAE-32, and BOL-148, and between alcohol, methamphetamine, and scopolamine was not clear cut, the number of responses to the questionnaire under these drugs was clearly greater than those given under water . . ... LSD-25 clearly produced the most frequent and the largest positive responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

(1956). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): XII. A Preliminary Statement of its Effects Upon Interpersonal Communication. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 185-198.

Measurements of the electrical mobility of washed rabbit red cells and of ghosts produced by hypotonic solutions, freezing-and-thawing, chloroform, and saponin were made in the Abramson horizontal microelectrophoresis cell. These different forms of lysis, which corresponds to a variety of degrees of injury to the red cell, are unaccompanied by any change in electrical mobility. These observations are discussed from the standpoint of the possible structure of the cell membrane and the action of lysins upon it.

It has been known for many years that epinephrine may be transported by electrophoresis into the skin where it produces its typical blanching in the intact dermis. As far as the writer is aware, th...

(1955). Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): VI. Effect upon Recall and Recognition of Various Stimuli. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 443-454.

1. No significant change with time (to 24 hours) in the cataphoretic velocity of certain mammalian red cells occurs when the cells are suspended in M/15 phosphate buffer at pH = 7.35. Neither successive washings nor standing effect a change. 2. In M/15 phosphate buffer at pH 7.35 ± 0.03 the following order of red cell velocity has been obtained. The numbers in parenthesis are µ per second per volt per centimeter. See PDF for Structure The order, though not the absolute values, was the same in buffered isotonic dextrose. Human and rabbit cells showed similar differences when both were studied simultaneously in the serum of either. Under these conditions, there is no apparent relationship between zoological Order and cataphoretic velocity. 3. Cholesterol and quartz adsorb gelatin from dilute solution in the phosphate buffer. Red cells, on the other hand, even after 24 hours contact with gelatin solution, retain their previous velocity. 4. Pregnant and non-pregnant white female humans have the same red cell cataphoretic velocity. (The cells were not agglutinated.) 5. In a series of severe anemias no significant change in cataphoretic velocity was in general apparent, although marked changes in the morphology of the red cells were present.

"Certain species of snails are at least as sensitive to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) as are the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Ambularia cuprina (Mystery Snail) responds to LSD-25 with a typical, persistent, disorganized movement of the gastropod. This movement persists many hours and markedly alters the behavior of the snail. D-1-bromlysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148) does not show the same effect. The snail may be used to assay LSD-25 under certain conditions." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).

The electrophoretic method of introducing certain allergens into the skin is a useful reproducible technique for transporting these allergens into the dermis. Giant ragweed, dwarf ragweed, and timothy extracts have been employed in this way. An electrophoretic unit of pollen dosage is defined. Giant and dwarf ragweed extracts have been used satisfactorily in the preseasonal treatment of a series of seven cases of hay fever by electrophoresis of the skin-reactive constituents. Analysis of undialyzed ragweed extract, using both the Philpot-Svensson and Longsworth techniques to estimate the amount of skin-reactive, unpigmented constituent present, has revealed that a very large amount of the unpigmented fraction is present in undialyzed extract of giant ragwee. We have, 7 therefore, been using undialyzed extracts in treatment experimentally since they are much simpler to prepare and less expensive. It is possible to introduce large quantities of skin-reactive material from undialyzed extracts by electrophoresis. Several patients treated preseasonally in this way in New York City have thus far (Aug. 27, 1940) had a satisfactory season.