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1. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author: Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Eric, Collins, Intira Jeanne, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Goodall, Ruth, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Gibb, Diana M., Noguera, Antoni, Luisa Navarro, Maria, Tomas Ramos, Jose, Galli, Luisa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Thorne, Claire, Santa Ansone, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, de Tejada, Begona Martinez, Jourdain, Gonzague, Decker, Luc, Ene, Luminita, Hainaut, Marc, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Delforge, Marc, de Martino, Maurizio, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Patrizia, Osimani, Larovere, Domenico, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Faldella, Giacomo, Baldi, Francesco, Badolato, Raffaele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Venturini, Elisabetta, Lisi, Catiuscia, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Esposito, Susanna, Lipreri, Rita, Salvini, Filippo, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Rampon, Osvalda, Dona, Daniele, Romano, Amelia, Dodi, Icilio, Maccabruni, Anna, Consolini, Rita, Bernardi, Stefania, Kuekou, Hyppolite Tchidjou, Genovese, Orazio, Olmeo, Paolina, Cristiano, Letizia, Mazza, Antonio, Gabiano, Clara, Garazzino, Silvia, Pellegatta, Antonio, Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Weijsenfeld, A. M., de Boer, C. G., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E. G., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Henriet, S. S., V, van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A., I, Smit, C., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Meijering, R., Raethke, M., Rutkens, T., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Bezemer, M., El Berkaoui, A., Geerlinks, J., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, E., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Popielska, Jolanta, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, Oldakowska, Agnieszka, Zawadka, Konrad, Coupland, Urszula, Doroba, Malgorzata, Voronin, Evgeny, Miloenko, Milana, Labutina, Svetlana, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Antoinette Frick, Maria, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Mur, Antonio, Lopez, Nuria, Mendez, Maria, Mayol, Lluis, Vallmanya, Teresa, Calavia, Olga, Garcia, Lourdes, Coll, Maite, Pineda, Valenti, Rius, Neus, Rovira, Nuria, Duenas, Joaquin, Gamell, Anna, Fortuny, Claudia, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Jose Mellado, Maria, Escosa, Luis, Garcia Hortelano, Milagros, Sainz, Talia, Isabel Gonzalez-Tome, Maria, Rojo, Pablo, Blazquez, Daniel, Prieto, Luis, Guillen, Sara, Saavedra, Jesus, Santos, Mar, Angeles Munoz, Ma, Ruiz, Beatriz, Fernandez Mc Phee, Carolina, Jimenez de Ory, Santiago, Alvarez, Susana, Angel Roa, Miguel, Beceiro, Jose, Martinez, Jorge, Badillo, Katie, Apilanez, Miren, Pocheville, Itziar, Garrote, Elisa, Colino, Elena, Gomez Sirvent, Jorge, Garzon, Monica, Roman, Vicente, Montesdeoca, Abian, Mateo, Mercedes, Jose Munoz, Maria, Angulo, Raquel, Neth, Olaf, Falcon, Lola, Terol, Pedro, Luis Santos, Juan, Moreno, David, Lendinez, Francisco, Grande, Ana, Jose Romero, Francisco, Perez, Carlos, Lillo, Miguel, Losada, Begona, Herranz, Mercedes, Bustillo, Matilde, Guerrero, Carmelo, Collado, Pilar, Antonio Couceiro, Jose, Perez, Amparo, Isabel Piqueras, Ana, Breton, Rafael, Segarra, Inmaculada, Gavilan, Cesar, Jareno, Enrique, Montesinos, Elena, Dapena, Marta, Alvarez, Cristina, Gloria Andres, Ana, Marugan, Victor, Ochoa, Carlos, Alfayate, Santiago, Isabel Menasalvas, Ana, de Miguel, Elisa, Naver, Lars, Soeria-Atmadja, Sandra, Hagas, Vendela, Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Asner, S., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Grawe, C., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I, Huber, M., Kahlert, C. R., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada, Martinez B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Mueller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, Ch, Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Lecompte, Thanh M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C. A., Yerly, S., Wannarit, Pornpun, Techakunakorn, Pornchai, Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Wanchaitanawong, Vanichaya, Theansavettrakul, Sookchai, Nanta, Sirisak, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Phanomcheong, Siriluk, Hongsiriwon, Suchat, Karnchanamayul, Warit, Kwanchaipanich, Ratchanee, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kamonpakorn, Nareerat, Nantarukchaikul, Maneeratn, Layangool, Prapaisri, Mekmullica, Jutarat, Lucksanapisitkul, Paiboon, Watanayothin, Sudarat, Lertpienthum, Narong, Warachit, Boonyarat, Hanpinitsak, Sansanee, Potchalongsin, Sathit, Thanasiri, Pimpraphai, Krikajornkitti, Sawitree, Attavinijtrakarn, Pornsawan, Srirojana, Sakulrat, Bunjongpak, Suthunya, Puangsombat, Achara, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Ananpatharachai, Pornchai, Akarathum, Noppadon, Lawtongkum, Weerasak, An, Prapawan Kheunj, Suriyaboon, Thitiporn, Saipanya, Airada, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Jaisieng, Nirattiya, Suaysod, Rapeepan, Chailoet, Sanuphong, Naratee, Naritsara, Kawilapat, Suttipong, Lyall, Hermione, Bamford, Alasdair, Butler, Karim, Doherty, Conor, Foster, Caroline, Francis, Kate, Harrison, Ian, Kenny, Julia, Klein, Nigel, Letting, Gillian, McMaster, Paddy, Murau, Fungai, Nsangi, Edith, Peters, Helen, Prime, Katia, Riordan, Andrew, Shackley, Fiona, Shingadia, Delane, Storey, Sharon, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Turkova, Anna, Welch, Steve, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Cook, Claire, Dobson, Donna, Fairbrother, Keith, Harper, Lynda, Le Prevost, Marthe, Van Looy, Nadine, Butler, K., Walsh, A., Thrasyvoulou, L., Welch, S., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Sloper, K., Fidler, K., Hague, R., Price, V, Clapson, M., Flynn, J., Abou-Rayyah, A. Cardoso M., Klein, N., Shingadia, D., Gurtin, D., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Clough, S., Anguvaa, L., Conway, S., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, P. McMaster C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, B., Pope, S., Cliffe, L., Smyth, A., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Clarke, D. Rogahn L., Jones, L., Offerman, B., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Riordan, A., Ibberson, L., Shackley, F., Faust, S. N., Hancock, J., Doerholt, K., Prime, K., Sharland, M., Storey, S., Lyall, H., Monrose, C., Seery, P., Tudor-Williams, G., Menson, E., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., McMaster, P., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., European Pregnancy Paediat HIV Coh, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Fundación Investigación y Educación en Sida, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Pediatrics, and Virology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, puberty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adolescente, LETTONIE, CHILDREN, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, GRECE, desarrollo del niño, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, CHILD_DEVELOPMENT, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, ADOLESCENTS, Immunology and Allergy, Pooled data, 030212 general & internal medicine, SUEDE, Child, estudios de cohortes, ESPAGNE, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Anthropometry, THAILANDE, Europe, growth, height, HIV, perinatal, Thailand, Adolescent, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Puberty, virus diseases, Growth spurt, PAYS BAS, 3. Good health, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, AIDS, antirretrovirales, Infectious Diseases, POLOGNE, BELGIQUE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatric hiv, Epidemiology and Social, ROYAUME UNI, Immunology, MASS, European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, medicine, pubertad, Preschool, lactante, ROUMANIE, Science & Technology, business.industry, 06 Biological Sciences, VELOCITY, SUISSE, Regimen, 030104 developmental biology, VIRAL LOAD, antropometría, infecciones por VIH, BODY_HEIGHT, business, IRLANDE, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group., [Objective]: The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV. [Design]: Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand. [Methods]: One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1–10 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters (average height, timing and shape of the growth spurt), dependent on age and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters. [Results]: At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.8, 9.0] years and −1.2 (IQR: −2.3 to −0.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1 (IQR: 6.9, 11.4) years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.62) years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21–1.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than −3 compared with HAZ at least −1. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than −1, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least −1, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least −1 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean. [Conclusion]: Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least −1 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age., This work has been partially funded by the Fundación para la Investigación y Prevención de SIDA en España (FIPSE) (FIPSE 3608229/09, FIPSE 240800/09, FIPSE 361910/10), Red Temática de Investigación en SIDA (RED RIS) supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RD12/0017/0035 and RD12/0017/0037), project as part of the Plan R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),Mutua Madrileña 2012/0077, Gilead Fellowship 2013/0071, FIS PI15/00694,CoRISpe (RED RIS RD06/0006/0035 y RD06/0006/0021).
Published: 2019
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2. Maternal milk protects infants against bronchiolitis during the first year of life. Results from an Italian cohort of newborns

Author: Lanari, Marcello, Prinelli, Federica, Adorni, Fulvio, Di Santo, Simona, Faldella, Giacomo, Silvestri, Michela, Musicco, Massimo, ‘italian, Neonatology Study Group on RSV Infections, DE CURTIS, Mario, Lanari, Marcello, Prinelli, Federica, Adorni, Fulvio, Di Santo, Simona, Faldella, Giacomo, Silvestri, Michela, and Musicco, Massimo
Subjects: Male, Breastfeeding, Bronchiolitis, Lower respiratory tract infection, Respiratory syncytial virus, Risk factor, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Italy, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Breast Feeding, Hospitalization, Milk, Human, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal Studie, Diseases, medicine, Bronchioliti, Prospective cohort study, Premature, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Gestational age, Infant, Premature, Disease, Perinatology and Child Health, Newborn, medicine.disease, Prospective Studie, Milk, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Cohort, business, Breast feeding, Brestfeeding, Human
Abstract: Summary Objective Bronchiolitis is one of the primary causes of hospitalization in infancy. We evaluated the effect of breastfeeding on the occurrence of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 1,814 newborns of =33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were enrolled in 30 Italian Neonatology Units and followed-up for 1 year to assess hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. Children were grouped as ‘never breastfed’ and ‘ever breastfed’; these latter were further divided into those ‘exclusively breastfed’ and ‘breastfed associated with milk formula’. The risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis was evaluated with survival analysis, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval [95% CI] were calculated. Results Among enrolled newborns 22.9% were ‘never breastfed’; in the breastfed group, 65% were ‘exclusively breastfed’ and 35% were ‘breastfed with associated milk formula’. At 12 months of age, the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis was significantly higher in the ‘never breastfed’ group (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00–2.48). ‘Breastfed associated with formula milk’ and ‘exclusively breastfed’ groups were at similar risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis. This observed protective effect of maternal milk was not explained by the higher prevalence of conditions able to increase the risk of bronchiolitis among ‘never breastfed newborns’. Conclusions Breastfeeding, even in association with formula milk, reduces the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis during the first year of life. Encouraging breastfeeding might be an effective/inexpensive measure of prevention of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy.
Published: 2013
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3. Does the native language influence lexical composition in very preterm children at the age of two years? A cross-linguistic comparison study of Italian and Finnish children

Author: Stolt, Suvi, Savini, Silvia, Guarini, Annalisa, Caselli, Maria Cristina, Matomäki, Jaakko, Lapinleimu, Helena, Haataja, Leena, Lehtonen, Liisa, Alessandroni, Rosina, Faldella, Giacomo, Sansavini, Alessandra, Stolt, S., Savini, S., Guarini, A., Caselli, M.C., Matomaki, J., Lapinleimu, H., Haataja, L., Lehtonen, L., Alessandroni, R., Faldella, G., Sansavini, A, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Early Language Development -group, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and HUS Children and Adolescents
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, First language, media_common.quotation_subject, LEXICON SIZE, INFANTS, GRAMMAR, Lexicon, Vocabulary, Language and Linguistics, Education, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Preterm, FINNISH, medicine, SPANISH, LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT, FULL-TERM, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Composition (language), ta515, preterm children, media_common, ENGLISH, Grammar, lexical composition, 05 social sciences, Cross-linguistic study, EARLY VOCABULARY, Cross-linguistic study, language development, lexical composition, lexicon, preterm children, GESTATIONAL WEEKS, ta3123, Linguistics, LIFE, Very preterm, Language development, Low birth weight, TODDLERS, lexicon, MATERNAL EDUCATION, 6163 Logopedics, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, language development, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Demography, Cross linguistic
Abstract: This cross-linguistic study investigated whether the native language has any influence on lexical composition among Italian ( N = 125) and Finnish ( N = 116) very preterm (born at
Published: 2017
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4. Management of fever in children: Summary of the Italian pediatric society guidelines

Author: Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, Tovo PA, Becherucci P, Bonsignori F, Esposito S, Festini F, Galli L, Lucchesi B, Mugelli A, de Martino M, Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, Tovo PA, Becherucci P, Bonsignori F, Esposito S, Festini F, Galli L, Lucchesi B, Mugelli A, de Martino M, Faldella G, and Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children.
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tympanic Membrane, Thermometers, MEDLINE, Ibuprofen, Signs and symptoms, Body weight, antipyretics, children, fever, guidelines, Body Temperature, Multidisciplinary approach, Health care, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Child, Societies, Medical, Acetaminophen, Pharmacology, business.industry, Body Weight, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Guideline, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, National guideline, Systematic review, Italy, Family medicine, Axilla, Practice Guidelines as Topic, business
Abstract: This article summarizes the Italian Pediatric Society guideline on the management of the signs and symptoms of fever in children, prepared as part of the National Guideline Program (NGLP).Relevant publications in English and Italian were identified through searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from their inception through December 31, 2007. Based on the consensus of a multidisciplinary expert panel, the strength of the recommendations was categorized into 5 grades (A-E) according to NGLP methodology.In the health care setting, axillary measurement of body temperature using a digital thermometer is recommended in children aged4 weeks; for children agedor =4 weeks, axillary measurement using a digital thermometer or tympanic measurement using an infrared thermometer is recommended. When body temperature is measured at home by parents or care-givers, axillary measurement using a digital thermometer is recommended for all children. Children who are afebrile when seen by the clinician but are reported to have had fever by their caregivers should be considered febrile. In special circumstances, high fever may be a predictive factor for severe bacterial infection. Use of physical methods of reducing fever is discouraged, except in the case of hyperthermia. Use of antipyretics-paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen-is recommended only when fever is associated with discomfort. Combined or alternating use of antipyretics is discouraged. The dose of antipyretic should be based on the child's weight rather than age. Whenever possible, oral administration of paracetamol is preferable to rectal administration. Use of ibuprofen is not recommended in febrile children with chickenpox or dehydration. Use of ibuprofen or paracetamol is not contraindicated in febrile children with asthma. There is insufficient evidence to form any recommendations concerning fever in children with other chronic conditions, but caution is advised in cases of severe hepatic/renal failure or severe malnutrition. Newborns with fever should always be hospitalized because of the elevated risk of severe disease; paracetamol may be used, with the dose adjusted to gestational age. Use of paracetamol or ibuprofen is not effective in preventing febrile convulsion or the adverse effects of vaccines.
Published: 2009
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5. Association of maternal hypertension and chorioamnionitis with preterm outcomes

Author: Gagliardi, Luigi, Rusconi, Franca, Bellù, Roberto, Zanini, Rinaldo, Mirri, Gianpaolo, Condò, Manuela, Turoli, Daniela, Vanzati, Mara, Mosca, Fabio, De Nisi, Giuseppe, Polacco, Paola, Villa, Elena, Barbarini, Mario, Fasolato, Valeria, Franco, Caterina, Contiero, Raffaella, Ellero, Serena, Cattarossi, Luigi, Abbiati, Laura, Borroni, Cesarina, Prandi, Giovanna, Fabris, Claudio, Vielmi, Francesca, Borgione, Silvia, Agosti, Massimo, Tandoi, Francesco, Guidali, Rosanna, De Curtis, Mario, Tozzi, Claudio, Lucchini, Renato, Battaglioli, Marina, Lista, Gian Luca, Introvini, Paola, Ferrari, Fabrizio, Gallo, Claudio, Bellante, Elvira, Bottura, Chiara, Zeringyte, Aurelija, Pasquali, Francesca, Boccacci, Simona, Latini, Giuseppe, Giannuzzi, Raffaella, Martinelli, Stefano, Brunelli, Alberto, Di Nunzio, Maria Lucia, Vendemmiati, Antonio, Carli, Giovanna, Bordigato, Michela Alfiero, Filippone, Marco, Meneghesso, Davide, Romeo, Nicola, Mammoliti, Palma, Mastretta, Emanuele, Barberis, Laura, Farina, Daniele, Gancia, Gianpaolo, Dalmazzo, Cristina, Napolitano, Marcello, Messina, Francesco, Villa Betania, Napoli, Magaldi, Rosario, Rinaldi, Matteo, Litta, Rosangela, Lago, Paola, Zanardo, Vincenzo, Chiandetti, Lino, Visentin, Stefano, Presta, Giuseppe, Cella, Davide, Poggiani, Carlo, Ferrari, Daniela, Parati, Sara, Lombardo, Francesco, Grigorio, Rosetta, Barera, Graziano, Bove, Maddalena, Poloniato, Antonella, Burgio, Giampiero, Sala, Elena, Barberi, Ignazio, Tiralongo, Venera, Arco, Alessandro, Mazzeo, Danila, Dani, Carlo, Pratesi, Simone, Mignatti, Valeria, Ancora, Gina, Faldella, Giacomo, Grandi, Sara, Locatelli, Chiara, Stronati, Mauro, Perotti, Gianfranco, Chirico, Gaetano, Migliori, Claudio, De Marini, Sergio, Forleo, Vincenzo, Paludetto, Roberto, Capasso, Letizia, Mansi, Giuseppina, Raimondi, Francesco, Bona, Gianni, Stucchi, Ilaria, Savastio, Silvia, Ferrero, Federica, Parola, Andrea, Padovani, Ezio Maria, Viviani, Elena, Pecoraro, Laura, Agostino, Rocco, Gizzi, Camilla, Massenzi, Luca, Messner, Hubert, Staffler, Alex, Salvia, Gennaro, Esposito, Luigi, Forziati, Vincenzo, Latorre, Giuseppe, Sandri, Fabrizio, Alati, Stefania, Demarca, Fabrizio, Lombardi, Oreste, Costabile, Carmine Deni, Scarpelli, Gianfranco, Cavalli, Claudio, Volante, Enrico, Moretti, Sabrina, Ganguzza, Olga, Spinella, Bartolomeo, Haass, Cristina, Scapillati, Eleonora, Consigli, Chiara, Gatta, Alberto, Quitadamo, Pasqua, Boldrini, Antonio, Vuerich, Marco, Sigali, Emilio, Fiorini, Patrizio, Petrucci, Letizia, Moroni, Marco, Meyer, Firenze, Bragetti, Patrizia, Casucci, Paola, Minelli, Liliana, Mezzetti, Daniele, Orfeo, Luigi, De Luca, Maria Gabriella, Laforgia, Nicola, Grassi, Alessandro, Dotta, Andrea, Savignoni, Ferdinando, Bagnoli, Franco, De Felice, Claudio, Badii, Silvia, Biasini, Augusto, Belluzzi, Antonio, Stella, Marcello, Romagnoli, Costantino, Zecca, Enrico, Barone, Giovanni, Colleselli, Paolo, Vecchiato, Luca, Nicolussi, Silvia, Giliberti, Paolo, Chello, Giovanni, Rojo, Silvana, De Vivo, Massimiliano, Giovanettoni, Chiara, Colnaghi, Clelia A., Manfredini, Valeria, Verucci, Elena, Placidi, Giulia, Belloni, Cesare, Carrera, Giuseppe, Zambetti, Chiara, Biban, Paolo, Serra, Alessandra, Sacco, Francesco, Vetrano, Gennaro, Furcolo, Giuseppe, Pasquariello, Brigida, Falco, Luigi, Ausanio, Gaetano, Bernardo, Italo, Capasso, Antonella, Marchesano, Giuseppe, Nosari, Norberto, Sarnelli, Paola, Ciraci, Giovanni, Merazzi, Daniele, Gazzolo, Diego, Temperini, Francesca, Sabatini, Miriam, Colivicchi, Micaela, Del Vecchio, Antonio, Tarantino, Marzia, Gargano, Giancarlo, Pedori, Simona, Bellettato, Massimo, Pesavento, Roberta, Cesaro, Alessandra, Scollo, Massimo, Mondello, Isabella, Pugliese, Aniello, Iervolino, Claudio, Corsello, Giovanni, Giuffré, Mario, Betta, Pasqua, Romeo, Mario Giuseppe, Saporito, Alessandro, Leone, Maria Grazia, Rodonò, Alessandro, Franceschi, Alessia, Risso, Francesco M., Carpentieri, Mauro, Vecchiano, Teresa, Cigliano, Maria Pia, Paolillo, Piermichele, Picone, Simonetta, Marra, Antonio, Rossetti, Gessica, Testa, Tiziana, Del Cuore, Fernando, Crescenzi, Francesco, Poloni, Gianna, Russo, Maria Chiara, Nigro, Francesco, Tina, Gabriella Lucia, Brindisino, Patrizia, Gurrado, Raffaele, Felice, Maurizio, Formica, Isabella, Gagliardi, L, Rusconi, F, Bellu, R, Zanini, R, Corsello, G, Giuffre, M, Italian Neonatal Network, Luigi Gagliardi, Franca Rusconi, Roberto Bellù, Rinaldo Zanini, the Italian Neonatal Network [.., Gina Ancora, Giacomo Faldella, Sara Grandi, Chiara Locatelli, ]., Gagliardi, Luigi, Rusconi, Franca, Bellù, Roberto, Zanini, Rinaldo, Mirri, Gianpaolo, Condò, Manuela, Turoli, Daniela, Vanzati, Mara, Mosca, Fabio, De Nisi, Giuseppe, Polacco, Paola, Villa, Elena, Barbarini, Mario, Fasolato, Valeria, Franco, Caterina, Contiero, Raffaella, Ellero, Serena, Cattarossi, Luigi, Abbiati, Laura, Borroni, Cesarina, Prandi, Giovanna, Fabris, Claudio, Vielmi, Francesca, Borgione, Silvia, Agosti, Massimo, Tandoi, Francesco, Guidali, Rosanna, De Curtis, Mario, Tozzi, Claudio, Lucchini, Renato, Battaglioli, Marina, Lista, Gian Luca, Introvini, Paola, Ferrari, Fabrizio, Gallo, Claudio, Bellante, Elvira, Bottura, Chiara, Zeringyte, Aurelija, Pasquali, Francesca, Boccacci, Simona, Latini, Giuseppe, Giannuzzi, Raffaella, Martinelli, Stefano, Brunelli, Alberto, Di Nunzio, Maria Lucia, Vendemmiati, Antonio, Carli, Giovanna, Bordigato, Michela Alfiero, Filippone, Marco, Meneghesso, Davide, Romeo, Nicola, Mammoliti, Palma, Mastretta, Emanuele, Barberis, Laura, Farina, Daniele, Gancia, Gianpaolo, Dalmazzo, Cristina, Napolitano, Marcello, Messina, Francesco, Villa Betania, Napoli, Magaldi, Rosario, Rinaldi, Matteo, Litta, Rosangela, Lago, Paola, Zanardo, Vincenzo, Chiandetti, Lino, Visentin, Stefano, Presta, Giuseppe, Cella, Davide, Poggiani, Carlo, Ferrari, Daniela, Parati, Sara, Lombardo, Francesco, Grigorio, Rosetta, Barera, Graziano, Bove, Maddalena, Poloniato, Antonella, Burgio, Giampiero, Sala, Elena, Barberi, Ignazio, Tiralongo, Venera, Arco, Alessandro, Mazzeo, Danila, Dani, Carlo, Pratesi, Simone, Mignatti, Valeria, Ancora, Gina, Faldella, Giacomo, Grandi, Sara, Locatelli, Chiara, Stronati, Mauro, Perotti, Gianfranco, Chirico, Gaetano, Migliori, Claudio, De Marini, Sergio, Forleo, Vincenzo, Paludetto, Roberto, Capasso, Letizia, Mansi, Giuseppina, Raimondi, Francesco, Bona, Gianni, Stucchi, Ilaria, Savastio, Silvia, Ferrero, Federica, Parola, Andrea, Padovani, Ezio Maria, Viviani, Elena, Pecoraro, Laura, Agostino, Rocco, Gizzi, Camilla, Massenzi, Luca, Messner, Hubert, Staffler, Alex, Salvia, Gennaro, Esposito, Luigi, Forziati, Vincenzo, Latorre, Giuseppe, Sandri, Fabrizio, Alati, Stefania, Demarca, Fabrizio, Lombardi, Oreste, Costabile, Carmine Deni, Scarpelli, Gianfranco, Cavalli, Claudio, Volante, Enrico, Moretti, Sabrina, Ganguzza, Olga, Spinella, Bartolomeo, Haass, Cristina, Scapillati, Eleonora, Consigli, Chiara, Gatta, Alberto, Quitadamo, Pasqua, Boldrini, Antonio, Vuerich, Marco, Sigali, Emilio, Fiorini, Patrizio, Petrucci, Letizia, Moroni, Marco, Meyer, Firenze, Bragetti, Patrizia, Casucci, Paola, Minelli, Liliana, Mezzetti, Daniele, Orfeo, Luigi, De Luca, Maria Gabriella, Laforgia, Nicola, Grassi, Alessandro, Dotta, Andrea, Savignoni, Ferdinando, Bagnoli, Franco, De Felice, Claudio, Badii, Silvia, Biasini, Augusto, Belluzzi, Antonio, Stella, Marcello, Romagnoli, Costantino, Zecca, Enrico, Barone, Giovanni, Colleselli, Paolo, Vecchiato, Luca, Nicolussi, Silvia, Giliberti, Paolo, Chello, Giovanni, Rojo, Silvana, De Vivo, Massimiliano, Giovanettoni, Chiara, Colnaghi, Clelia A., Manfredini, Valeria, Verucci, Elena, Placidi, Giulia, Belloni, Cesare, Carrera, Giuseppe, Zambetti, Chiara, Biban, Paolo, Serra, Alessandra, Sacco, Francesco, Vetrano, Gennaro, Furcolo, Giuseppe, Pasquariello, Brigida, Falco, Luigi, Ausanio, Gaetano, Bernardo, Italo, Capasso, Antonella, Marchesano, Giuseppe, Nosari, Norberto, Sarnelli, Paola, Ciraci, Giovanni, Merazzi, Daniele, Gazzolo, Diego, Temperini, Francesca, Sabatini, Miriam, Colivicchi, Micaela, Del Vecchio, Antonio, Tarantino, Marzia, Gargano, Giancarlo, Pedori, Simona, Bellettato, Massimo, Pesavento, Roberta, Cesaro, Alessandra, Scollo, Massimo, Mondello, Isabella, Pugliese, Aniello, Iervolino, Claudio, Corsello, Giovanni, Giuffré, Mario, Betta, Pasqua, Romeo, Mario Giuseppe, Saporito, Alessandro, Leone, Maria Grazia, Rodonò, Alessandro, Franceschi, Alessia, Risso, Francesco M., Carpentieri, Mauro, Vecchiano, Teresa, Cigliano, Maria Pia, Paolillo, Piermichele, Picone, Simonetta, Marra, Antonio, Rossetti, Gessica, Testa, Tiziana, Del Cuore, Fernando, Crescenzi, Francesco, Poloni, Gianna, Russo, Maria Chiara, Nigro, Francesco, Tina, Gabriella Lucia, Brindisino, Patrizia, Gurrado, Raffaele, Felice, Maurizio, and Formica, Isabella
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Logistic models, Mortality, Outcomes, Pregnancy complications, Preterm infants, Risks, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Chorioamnionitis, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine (all), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Diseases, outcomes, Maternal hypertension, risk, Obstetrics, pregnancy complications, Gestational age, Retinopathy of prematurity, Perinatology and Child Health, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Logistic models, Mortality, Outcomes, Pregnancy complications, Preterm infants, Risks, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Hypertension, outcome, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy-Induced, preterm infant, Pregnancy complication, medicine, preterm infants, Premature, logistic model, Chorioamnioniti, business.industry, Infant, Infant, Premature, Disease, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Newborn, mortality, Prospective Studie, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, business, logistic models, risks
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the relative effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and chorioamnionitis on adverse neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates, and studied whether gestational age (GA) modulates these effects. METHODS: A cohort of neonates 23 to 30 weeks' GA, born in 2008 to 2011 in 82 hospitals adhering to the Italian Neonatal Network, was analyzed. Infants born from mothers who had hypertensive disorders (N = 2096) were compared with those born after chorioamnionitis (N = 1510). Statistical analysis employed logistic models, adjusting for GA, hospital, and potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall mortality was higher after hypertension than after chorioamnionitis (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.80), but this relationship changed across GA weeks; the OR for hypertension was highest at low GA, whereas from 28 weeks' GA onward, mortality was higher for chorioamnionitis. For other outcomes, the relative risks were constant across GA; infants born after hypertension had an increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.68–2.88) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02–2.15), whereas there was a lower risk for early-onset sepsis (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.19–0.34), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88), periventricular leukomalacia (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48–1.01), and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis or gastrointestinal perforation (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31–0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and other adverse outcomes in very preterm infants depend on antecedents of preterm birth. Hypertension and chorioamnionitis are associated with different patterns of outcomes; for mortality, the effect changes across GA weeks.
Published: 2014

6. Pregnancy outcomes and cytomegalovirus DNAaemia in HIV-infected pregnant women with CMV

Author: M. Floridia, M. F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G. Nardini, G. Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [. . ., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccolis, A. De Gennaro, GUERRA, BRUNELLA, F. Cervi, SIMONAZZI, GIULIANA, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todros, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, M. Floridia, M.F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G.Nardini, G.Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [.., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, G. Nardini, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccoli, A. De Gennaro, B. Guerra, F. Cervi, G. Simonazzi, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, G. Faldella, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todro, G. Masuelli, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M. F. Pirillo, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, and ]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cytomegalovirus Infection, pregnancy outcomes, Cytomegalovirus, HIV Infections, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Humans, Italy, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prevalence, Coinfection, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Viremia, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Hiv infected, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, CMV, CMV-DNA, Infectious, General Medicine, pregnancy, Cytomegalovirus infections, preterm delivery, Human, 030106 microbiology, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Pregnancy outcomes, Preterm delivery, business.industry, HIV, Cytomegaloviru, medicine.disease, Virology, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Complications, Infectiou, business
Published: 2016

7. Evaluation of a new protocol for retrospective diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by use of Guthrie cards

Author: MARANGONI, ANTONELLA, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, CEVENINI, ROBERTO, M. G. Capretti, M. De Angelis, P. Nardini, M. Compri, FOSCHI, CLAUDIO, A. Orlandi, C. Marsico, F. Righetti, MARSICO, CONCETTA, A. Marangoni, M. G. Capretti, M. De Angeli, P. Nardini, M. Compri, C. Foschi, A. Orlandi, C. Marsico, F. Righetti, G. Faldella, and R. Cevenini
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blotting, Western, Antibodies, Protozoan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Retrospective diagnosis, TOXOPLASMA GONDII, Gastroenterology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Serology, law.invention, law, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Serologic Tests, Guthrie card, Polymerase chain reaction, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, SEROLOGY, Infant, Newborn, Toxoplasma gondii, Infant, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, PCR, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Immunoassay, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Parasitology, Antibody, Toxoplasma
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of IgM Western blotting (WB), IgA enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and DNA amplification by real-time PCR on Guthrie cards to retrospectively establish the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). To this purpose, Guthrie cards were collected from 18 infants born to mothers with primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Moreover, the analytical sensitivity of T. gondii PCR was assessed by testing mock dried blood specimens set up with several known DNA dilutions. IgM WB was demonstrated to be the most sensitive method. When the results of T. gondii DNA detection and specific IgM recovery were combined, retrospective CT diagnosis by using Guthrie cards was established in 3 out of 6 infected infants (sensitivity, 50%; 95% confidence interval, 26.8% to 73.2%). No positive PCR or serologic results were found in the group of 12 uninfected infants, demonstrating the excellent specificity of the three methods (95% confidence interval, 78.1% to 99.5%). The findings of the present study suggest that, in cases of missed diagnosis of CT at birth, analysis of Guthrie cards for children with compatible clinical findings after the perinatal period, in particular the combination of recovery of specific IgM antibodies and T. gondii DNA amplification, could be helpful. Nevertheless, since suboptimal conditions of storage of dried blood specimens can seriously affect sensitivity, negative results cannot rule out CT diagnosis. In contrast, because of the excellent specificity shown by IgM serologic testing and T. gondii DNA amplification on Guthrie cards, positive results obtained by either of the two methods should be considered diagnostic.
Published: 2014

8. The management of HCV infected pregnant women and their children European paediatric HCV network

Author: Pembrey, Lucy, Newell, Marie Louise, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Amoroso, A., Bevilaqua, E., Asensi Botet, F., Pereda, A., Balossini, V., Bona, G., Zaffaroni, M., Bandelloni, A., Coscia, A., Fabris, C., Aime, S., Belloni, C., Bossi, G., Salati, B., Boucher, C., Buffolano, W., Butler, K., Roura, L. Cabero, Sanges, J. M. Bertran, Cigna, P., Ciria, L. M., Ginard, C. Servera, Teruel, G. Claret, Fortuny, C., Coll, O., Corrias, A., Ledda, R., Floris, S., De Maria, A., Echeverria, J., Cilla, G., LANARI, MARCELLO, Tridapalli, E., Venturi, V., Fischler, B., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Lindh, G., Giacomet, V., Merlo, M., Figini, C., Erba, P., Viganò, A., Hannam, S., Mieli Vergani, G., Hatzakis, A., Inchley, C., Fjaerli, H. O., Maccabruni, A., Marcellini, M., Sartorelli, M. R., Fontelos, P. Martin, Mazza, A., Mok, J. Y. Q., Mûr, A., Viñolas, M., Paternoster, D. M., Grella, P., Polywka, S., Quinti, I., Casadei, A. M., Rojahn, A., Berg, A., Rosso, R., Ferrando, S., Bassetti, D., Contreras, J. Ruiz, Manzanares, A., Extremera, A. Ruiz, Salvini, F., Zuccotti, G. V., Schmitz, T., Grosch Wörner, I., Sperling, C. Feiterna, Piening, T., Vegnente, A., Iorio, R., Versace, A., Lazier, L., Palomba, E., Gabiano, C., Balbo, L., Zanetti, A., Tanzi, E., FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Pembrey, L., Newell, M. L., Tovo, P. A., Amoroso, A., Bevilacqua, E., Asensi Botet, F., Pereda, A., Balossini, V., Bona, G., Zaffaroni, M., Bandelloni, A., Coscia, A., Fabris, C., Iorio, Raffaele, Vegnente, Angela, Pembrey, Lucy, Newell, Marie-Louise, Tovo, Pier-Angelo, Bevilaqua, E., Asensi-Botet, F., Aime, S., Belloni, C., Bossi, G., Salati, B., Boucher, C., Buffolano, W., Butler, K., Roura, L. Cabero, Sanges, J.M. Bertran, Cigna, P., Ciria, L.M., Ginard, C. Servera, Teruel, G. Claret, Fortuny, C., Coll, O., Corrias, A., Ledda, R., Floris, S., De Maria, A., Echeverria, J., Cilla, G., Faldella, Giacomo, Lanari, M., Tridapalli, E., Venturi, V., Fischler, B., Bohlin, A.-B., Lindgren, S., Lindh, G., Giacomet, V., Merlo, M., Figini, C., Erba, P., Viganò, A., Hannam, S., Mieli-Vergani, G., Hatzakis, A., Inchley, C., Fjaerli, H.O., Maccabruni, A., Marcellini, M., Sartorelli, M.R., Fontelos, P. Martin, Mazza, A., Mok, J.Y.Q., Mûr, A., Viñolas, M., Paternoster, D.M., Grella, P., Polywka, S., Quinti, I., Casadei, A.M., Rojahn, A., Berg, A., Rosso, R., Ferrando, S., Bassetti, D., Contreras, J. Ruiz, Manzanares, A., Extremera, A. Ruiz, Salvini, F., Zuccotti, G.V., Schmitz, T., Grosch-Wörner, I., Sperling, C. Feiterna, Piening, T., Vegnente, A., Iorio, R., Versace, A., Lazier, L., Palomba, E., Gabiano, C., Balbo, L., Zanetti, A., and Tanzi, E.
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Hepatitis C, Clinical management, Mother-to-child transmission, Paediatric, Follow-up, Hepatology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Gastroenterology, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Evidence-based medicine, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Europe, Immunology, Female, Viral disease, business, Diagnosi
Abstract: Background/Aims: As evidence accumulates relating to mother-to-child (vertical) transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is timely to draw up guidelines for the clinical management of HCV infected pregnant women and their children. Methods: A review of evidence from the European Paediatric HCV Network (EPHN) prospective study of HCV infected women and their children and other published studies. Meeting of EPHN clinical experts to reach a consensus on recommendations for management. Each recommendation was graded according to the level of evidence. Results/conclusions: Although several risk factors for mother-to-child transmission have been identified, none are modifiable and there are currently no interventions available to prevent vertical transmission of HCV. Data on timing of loss of maternal antibodies and reliability of diagnostic tests inform the optimum follow-up schedule for confirmation or exclusion of infection in children born to HCV infected women. Based on the current evidence, routine antenatal screening for HCV should not be introduced and neither elective caesarean section nor avoidance of breastfeeding should be recommended to HCV infected women to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HCV. HCV/HIV co-infected women should follow existing HIV guidelines. © 2005 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2005

9. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy in an area with low seroprevalence: is prenatal screening still worthwhile?

Author: Capretti MG, De Angelis M, Tridapalli E, Orlandi A, Moroni A, Marsico C, MARSICO, CONCETTA, MARANGONI, ANTONELLA, GUERRA, BRUNELLA, ARCURI, SANTO, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Capretti MG, De Angelis M, Tridapalli E, Orlandi A, Marangoni A, Moroni A, Guerra B, Arcuri S, Marsico C, and Faldella G.
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Emigrants and Immigrants, Prenatal diagnosis, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prenatal Diagnosis, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, Young adult, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Congenital toxoplasmosi, business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Prenatal screening, medicine.disease, Toxoplasmosis, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Relative risk, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) screening during pregnancy in areas with a low prevalence of the infection is debated. We investigate the Tg serological status, the rate of primary infection in a cohort of pregnant women and the rate of congenital toxoplasmosis among their infants during a 3-year period in an urban area with low Tg prevalence. METHODS: Demographic and Tg serological data for all pregnant women delivering from January 2009 to December 2011 were collected. All pregnant women with primary Tg infection during pregnancy and their infants were included in the study. RESULTS: In early pregnancy, 10,347 women underwent prenatal screening and 2308 (22.3%) had anti-Tg. The seroprevalence among non-native women was significantly higher than that among native women [32.8% vs. 19.1%, relative risk: 1.71, P < 0.001]. The incidence rate of primary Tg infection during pregnancy was 0.77%. Immigrant women were more likely to be infected during pregnancy than Italian women (relative risk: 4.88, P < 0.001). Tg infection was more frequent in women coming from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and South America. The CT incidence rate was 0.06%. All congenitally infected infants were born to immigrant mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Tg infection during pregnancy and congenital disease are more frequent in non-native mothers and their infants. Measures to prevent Tg exposition must be carefully explained to pregnant women, with a focus on specific habits in non-native women. Prenatal screening is still effective to select women for prenatal therapy aiming to decrease vertical transmission and to identify foetuses/newborns with congenital disease that could benefit from pre/postnatal antiparasitic therapy.
Published: 2014

10. When Does Mother to Child Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Occur?

Author: J. Mok, L. Pembrey, P. A. Tovo, M. L. Newell, for the European Paediatric Hepatitis C. Virus Network: [. . ., FALDELLA, GIACOMO, LANARI, MARCELLO, J Mok, L Pembrey, P-A Tovo, M-L Newell, for the European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network: [.., Faldella G., M. Lanari, and ]
Subjects: hepatitis C virus, Male, Pediatrics, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, Fetal Diseases, Breast Feeding, mother to child transmission, Child, Preschool, Cohort, RNA, Viral, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Hepatitis C virus, Birth weight, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis, business.industry, Ribavirin, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, polymerase chain reaction, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Low birth weight, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, Breast feeding
Abstract: Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported in up to 10% of cases and is much more likely to occur when the mother is also infected by HIV. Although women with HCV viremia are especially likely to transmit infection, the precise time when transmission takes place is not known. Transmission of HCV was examined in a prospective cohort study using data from the European Pediatric Hepatitis C Network. Fifty-four HCV-infected children were tested by the HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction technique within 3 days of birth. Nearly one third (31%) of newborn infants tested in the first 3 days of life had positive results. Transmission was more likely if the mother was coinfected by HIV, but the difference was not statistically significant. Mode of delivery, gender, and gestational age failed to predict the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) findings. Mean birth weight was significantly lower in infected children, but there was no significant difference when low-birth-weight infants were compared with normal-weight neonates. Breast-fed infants were marginally less likely than formula-fed infants to be PCR-positive. Four of 10 infants born to mothers who tested positive 4 weeks before delivery were themselves PCR-positive, but this was not the case for any of 4 infants born to PCR-negative women. A positive association between PCR positivity in the first 3 days of life and infection by genotype 1 remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounding factors. In 36 infants who were PCR-negative when born, the mean age at the first positive test was 3.9 months. Late intrauterine or intrapartum transmission was considered to be most likely for 27 infants who were PCR-negative at birth but -positive by age 3 months. Peripartum transmission seemed likely for 9 infants who were PCR-negative at birth and PCR-positive for the first time after 3 months. It appears that at least one third of HCV-infected infants, and possibly as many as half of them, acquire infection before birth. Should effective treatment be developed that is safer for pregnant women than are interferon-a and ribavirin, treatment optimally would begin early in pregnancy.
Published: 2005
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11. Motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial

Author: Carbonell Estrany X, Simões EA, Dagan R, Hall CB, Harris B, Hultquist M, Connor EM, Losonsky GA, Motavizumab Study Group [, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, LANARI, MARCELLO, Carbonell-Estrany X, Simões EA, Dagan R, Hall CB, Harris B, Hultquist M, Connor EM, Losonsky GA, Faldella G, Motavizumab Study Group [, Lanari M, and ]
Subjects: Male, Palivizumab, medicine.medical_specialty, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Placebo, Antiviral Agents, Risk Assessment, Drug Administration Schedule, law.invention, Motavizumab, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Confidence Intervals, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, Probability, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, clinical trial, motavizumab, palivizumab, pediatric, respiratory infection, respiratory syncytial virus, Infant, Newborn, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Infant, Respiratory infection, Hospitalization, Primary Prevention, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Chemoprophylaxis, Female, business, Infant, Premature, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Palivizumab reduces respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization in children at high risk by ∼50% compared with placebo. We compared the efficacy and safety of motavizumab, an investigational monoclonal antibody with enhanced anti-RSV activity in preclinical studies, with palivizumab. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, multinational, phase 3, noninferiority trial assessed safety and RSV hospitalization in 6635 preterm infants aged ≤6 months at enrollment or children aged ≤24 months with chronic lung disease of prematurity who received 15 mg/kg palivizumab or motavizumab monthly. Secondary end points included outpatient medically attended lower respiratory tract infections (MALRIs), RSV-specific LRIs, otitis media, antibiotic use, development of antimotavizumab antibodies, and motavizumab serum concentrations. RESULTS: Motavizumab recipients had a 26% relative reduction in RSV hospitalization compared with palivizumab recipients, achieving noninferiority. Motavizumab was superior to palivizumab for reduction of RSV-specific outpatient MALRIs (50% relative reduction). Overall, adverse events (AEs) were not significantly different between groups. Cutaneous events were reported in 2 percentage points more motavizumab recipients (7.2% vs 5.1%); most were mild, but 0.3% resulted in dosing discontinuation. Antidrug antibodies (ADA) were detected in 1.8% of motavizumab recipients. Patients with anti-drug antibody reported 6 RSV events and 17 cutaneous events. CONCLUSIONS: Children receiving prophylaxis with motavizumab or palivizumab had low rates of RSV hospitalization; motavizumab recipients experienced 50% fewer RSV MALRIs than palivizumab recipients. AEs were similar in both groups, although cutaneous AEs were higher for motavizumab recipients. Motavizumab may offer an improved alternative in prophylaxis for serious RSV disease in infants and children at high risk.
Published: 2010

12. Antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy: a six-year perspective on recent trends in prescription patterns, viral load suppression, and pregnancy outcomes

Author: Silvia Baroncelli, Enrica Tamburrini, Marina Ravizza, Serena Dalzero, Cecilia Tibaldi, Enrico Ferrazzi, Gianfranco Anzidei, Marta Fiscon, Salvatore Alberico, Pasquale Martinelli, Giuseppina Placido, Giovanni Guaraldi, Carmela Pinnetti, Marco Floridia for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [Participants: M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini, P. Ortolani, F. Mori, C. Monticelli, E. R. dalle Nogare, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, M. Mazzetti, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, B. Mariani, A. Moretti, G. Natalini, G. Guaraldi, K. Luzi, G. Nardini, A. Zoncada, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, P. Rogasi, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, V. Cerri, E. Chiesa, A. Lupo, D. Repetto, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, V. Fabiano, S. Stucchi, C. Cerini, G. Placido, M. Dalessandro, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, S. Alberico, M. Bernardon, A. Meloni, D. Gariel, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Vicini, E. Periti, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, E. Tridapalli, M. Stella, S. Vagnoni, I. Strada, C. Puccetti, M. Sansone, P. Martinelli, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, L. Di Lenardo, I. Cetin, M. L. Muggiasca, V. Conserva, T. Brambilla, E. Ferrazzi, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, G. Anzidei, S. Di Giambenedetto, C. Fundarò, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, C. Pinnetti, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, M. Anceschi, A. M. Casadei, F. Montella, A. F. Cavaliere, V. Finelli, C. Riva, L. Lazier, M. Cellini, S. Garetto, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, M. Ierardi, S. Foina, B. Salerio, S. Dalzero, M. Oneta, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M. F. Pirillo, R. Amici, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, M. F.l.o.r.i.d.i.a. Pharmacokinetics: M. Regazzi, P. Villani, M. Cusato, Advisory Board: A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, M. Moroni, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, SIGO HIV Group National Coordinators: E. Ferrazzi, P. Martinelli], GUERRA, BRUNELLA, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Baroncelli, S, Tamburrini, E, Ravizza, M, Dalzero, S, Tibaldi, C, Ferrazzi, E, Anzidei, G, Fiscon, M, Alberico, S, Martinelli, Pasquale, Placido, G, Guaraldi, G, Pinnetti, C., Floridia, M., Silvia Baroncelli, Enrica Tamburrini, Marina Ravizza, Serena Dalzero, Cecilia Tibaldi, Enrico Ferrazzi, Gianfranco Anzidei, Marta Fiscon, Salvatore Alberico, Pasquale Martinelli, Giuseppina Placido, Giovanni Guaraldi, Carmela Pinnetti, and Marco Floridia for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [Participants: M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini, P. Ortolani, F. Mori, C. Monticelli, E.R. dalle Nogare, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, M. Mazzetti, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, V.S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, B. Mariani, A. Moretti, G. Natalini, G. Guaraldi, K. Luzi, G. Nardini, A. Zoncada, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, P. Rogasi, M.P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, V. Cerri, E. Chiesa, A. Lupo, D. Repetto, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, V. Fabiano, S. Stucchi, C. Cerini, G. Placido, M. Dalessandro, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, S. Alberico, M. Bernardon, A. Meloni, D. Gariel, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Vicini, E. Periti, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, B. Guerra, E. Tridapalli, M. Stella, G. Faldella, S. Vagnoni, I. Strada, C. Puccetti, M. Sansone, P. Martinelli, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, L. Di Lenardo, I. Cetin, M.L. Muggiasca, V. Conserva, T. Brambilla, E. Ferrazzi, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, G. Anzidei, S. Di Giambenedetto, C. Fundarò, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, C. Pinnetti, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, M. Anceschi, A.M. Casadei, F. Montella, A.F. Cavaliere, V. Finelli, C. Riva, L. Lazier, M. Cellini, S. Garetto, G. Castelli Gattinara, A.M. Marconi, M. Ierardi, S. Foina, B. Salerio, S. Dalzero, M. Oneta, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M.F. Pirillo, R. Amici, C.M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, M. Floridia. Pharmacokinetics: M. Regazzi, P. Villani, M. Cusato, Advisory Board: A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, M. Moroni, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, SIGO-HIV Group National Coordinators: E. Ferrazzi, and P. Martinelli]
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, antiretroviral therapy, HIV Infections, Antiviral Agents, Drug Prescriptions, Zidovudine, Young Adult, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, HIV, pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pregnancy Outcome, Lamivudine, Lopinavir, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Drug Utilization, Infectious Diseases, Nelfinavir, Italy, Immunology, HIV-1, Ritonavir, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: The aim of the study was to describe the recent trends in antiretroviral treatment in late pregnancy and the sociodemographic changes among pregnant women with HIV over the last 6 years. Data from the National Program on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy in Italy were grouped per calendar year, and changes in antiretroviral treatment, population characteristics, maternal immunovirologic status and newborn clinical parameters were analyzed. A total of 981 HIV-infected mothers who delivered between 2002 and 2008 were evaluated. The proportion of women receiving at least three antiretroviral drugs at delivery increased significantly from 63.0% in 2002 to 95.5% in 2007-2008, paralleled by a similar upward trend in the proportion of women who achieved complete viral suppression at third trimester (from 37.3 in 2002 to 80.9 in 2007-2008; p < 0.001). The co-formulation of zidovudine plus lamivudine remained the most common nucleoside backbone in pregnancy, even if a significant increase in the use of tenofovir plus emtricitabine was observed in more recent years. Starting from 2003, nevirapine prescription declined, paralleled by a significant rise in the use of protease inhibitors (PI), which were present in more than 60% of regimens administered in 2007-2008. Nelfinavir was progressively replaced by ritonavir-boosted PIs, mainly lopinavir. No significant changes in preterm delivery, Apgar score, birth weight, and birth defects were observed during the study period, and the rate of HIV transmission remained below 2%. These data demonstrate a significant evolution in the treatment of HIV in pregnancy. Constant improvements in the rates of HIV suppression were observed, probably driven by the adoption of stronger and more effective regimens and by the increasing options available for combination treatment
Published: 2009

13. Monitoring of nosocomial infections in VLBW infants

Author: Chiara Mega, Arianna Aceti, Marcello Stella, Maria Grazia Capretti, Annalisa Bastelli, Franco Belcastro, Elisabetta Tridapalli, and Faldella Giacomo
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Vlbw infants, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, business
Published: 2008
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14. Magnitude Comparisons, Number Knowledge and Calculation in VeryPreterm Children and Children With Specific Learning Disability: A Cross-Population Study Using Eye-Tracking

Author: Annalisa Guarini, Giacomo Faldella, Valentina Tobia, Alessandra Sansavini, Paola Bonifacci, Guarini, Annalisa, Tobia, Valentina, Bonifacci, Paola, Faldella, Giacomo, Sansavini, Alessandra, Guarini A., Tobia V., Bonifacci P., Faldella G., and Sansavini A.
Subjects: mathematic, Health (social science), Specific learning disability, education, Magnitude (mathematics), eye tracking, Education, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Numeracy, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Child, Eye-Tracking Technology, learning, Intelligence quotient, Learning Disabilities, mathematics, 05 social sciences, Infant, Newborn, 050301 education, Eye movement, 030229 sport sciences, disability, General Health Professions, Learning disability, Eye tracking, Population study, medicine.symptom, Psychology, numeracy, 0503 education, Mathematics
Abstract: Difficulties in mathematics have been described in very preterm children, but their origins are not well understood and may differ from other populations with specific learning disability. Very preterm children, children with learning disability, and typically developing children were compared in mathematics skills, using standardized tools, experimental tasks, and eye-tracker measures. We assessed symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude comparisons, number knowledge, calculation, as well as cognitive skills of 103 Italian-speaking fourth and fifth graders. Compared to typically developing peers, very preterm children showed delays in number knowledge, slower reaction times in nonsymbolic magnitude comparisons, and an atypical gaze exploration characterized by more and shorter fixations that lacked a target preference. The profile of mathematics skills of very preterm children appeared different from that of children with learning disability. Although both populations showed mainly preserved cognitive skills and slower reaction times in nonsymbolic magnitude comparisons, children with specific learning disability showed more severe impairments in calculation and were slower in symbolic magnitude comparisons, compared to very preterm children. Including eye-tracking measures in preterm follow-up programs and planning tailored interventions are recommended.
Published: 2020
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15. Red blood cell transfusions alter splanchnic oxygenation response to enteral feeding in preterm infants: an observational pilot study

Author: Caterina Spada, Dino Gibertoni, Barbara Battistini, Luigi Corvaglia, Silvia Martini, Santo Arcuri, Arianna Aceti, Paola Rucci, Giacomo Faldella, Martini, Silvia, Spada, Caterina, Aceti, Arianna, Rucci, Paola, Gibertoni, Dino, Battistini, Barbara, Arcuri, Santo, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Male, Anemia, preterm infants, transfusions, splanchnic oxygenation, near-infrared spectroscopy, enteral feeding, necrotizing enterocolitis, CSOR, Immunology, Population, Hemodynamics, Pilot Projects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Enteral administration, 03 medical and health sciences, Enteral Nutrition, 0302 clinical medicine, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Hematology, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Oxygen, Anesthesia, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Gestation, Female, Erythrocyte Transfusion, business, Splanchnic, Infant, Premature, circulatory and respiratory physiology, 030215 immunology
Abstract: BACKGROUND Preterm infants often require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, which may impair splanchnic hemodynamics, thus predisposing to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RBC transfusions alter splanchnic oxygenation patterns in response to enteral feeding in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preterm neonates (gestational age
Published: 2020
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16. Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Poor Immune Response Despite Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Among Children and Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand: Cohort Study

Author: Chappell, E., Riordan, A., Jourdain, G., Soriano-Arandes, A., Ene, L., Scherpbier, H., Warszawski, J., Collins, I., Smit, C., Marques, L., Klein, N., Guillén, S., Judd, A., Thorne, C., Goodall, R., Königs, C., Spoulou, V., Prata, F., Goetghebuer, T., Chiappini, E., Galli, L., Naver, L., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D., Marczynska, M., Okhonskaia, L., Klimkait, T., Lallemant, M., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Kiseleva, G., Malyuta, R., Volokha, A., Hainaut, M., Delforge, M., Le Chenadec, J., Ramos, E., Dialla, O., Wack, T., Laurent, C., Ait Si Selmi, L., Leymarie, I., Ait Benali, F., Brossard, M., Boufassa, L., Floch-Tudal, C., Firtion, G., Hau, I., Chace, A., Bolot, P., Blanche, S., Levine, M., Bicëtre, L., Fourcade, C., Heller-Roussin, B., Runel-Belliard, C., Tricoire, J., Chirouze, C., Reliquet, V., Brouard, J., Kebaili, K., Fialaire, P., Lalande, M., Schultze-Strasser, S., Baumann, U., Niehues, T., Neubert, J., Kobbe, R., Berlin, C., Feiterna-Sperling, C., Buchholz, B., Notheis, G., de Martino, M., Angelo Tovo, P., Patrizia, O., Larovere, D., Ruggeri, M., Faldella, G., Baldi, F., Badolato, R., Montagnani, C., Venturini, E., Lisi, C., Di Biagio, A., Taramasso, L., Giacomet, V., Erba, P., Esposito, S., Lipreri, R., Salvini, F., Tagliabue, C., Cellini, M., Bruzzese, E., Lo Vecchio, A., Rampon, O., Donà, D., Romano, A., Dodi, I., Maccabruni, A., Consolini, R., Bernardi, S., Tchidjou Kuekou, H., Genovese, O., Olmeo, P., Cristiano, L., Mazza, A., Gabiano, C., Garazzino, S., Pellegatta, A., Pajkrt, D., Weijsenfeld, A., de Boer CG, Jurriaans, S., Back, N., Zaaijer, H., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M., Schinkel, C., Wolthers, K., Fraaij, P., van Rossum AMC, van der Knaap LC, Visser, E., Koopmans, M., van Kampen JJA, Pas, S., Henriet, S., van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F., Schölvinck, E., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H., van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester, M., Bont, L., Geelen, S., Wolfs, T., Nauta, N., Ang, C., van Houdt, R., Pettersson, A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C., Reiss, P., Bezemer, D., van Sighem AI, Wit, F., Boender, T., Zaheri, S., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Jansen, A., Raethke, M., Meijering, R., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Claessen, E., El Berkaoui, A., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Munjishvili, L., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Rutkens, T., Schoorl, M., Timmerman, A., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Woudstra, T., Tuk, B., Popielska, J., Pokorska-Śpiewak, M., Ołdakowska, A., Zawadka, K., Coupland, U., DorobaLaura Marques, M., Teixeira, C., Fernandes, A., Voronin, E., Miloenko, M., Labutina, S., Tomás Ramos, J., Prieto, L., Luisa Navarro, M., Saavedra, J., Santos, M., Angeles Muñoz, M., Ruiz, B., Mc Phee CF, de Ory SJ, Alvarez, S., Ángel Roa, M., Beceiro, J., Martínez, J., Badillo, K., Apilanez, M., Pocheville, I., Garrote, E., Colino, E., Gómez Sirvent, J., Garzón, M., Román, V., Montesdeoca, A., Mateo, M., José Muñoz, M., Angulo, R., Neth, O., Falcón, L., Terol, P., Luis Santos, J., Moreno, D., Lendínez, F., Grande, A., José Romero, F., Lillo, M., Losada, B., Herranz, M., Bustillo, M., Guerrero, C., Collado, P., Antonio Couceiro, J., Pérez, A., Isabel Piqueras, A., Bretón, R., Segarra, I., Gavilán, C., Jareño, E., Montesinos, E., Dapena, M., Álvarez, C., Gloria Andrés, A., Marugán, V., Ochoa, C., Alfayate, S., Isabel Menasalvas, A., de Miguel, E., Aebi-Popp, K., Asner, S., Aubert, V., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Brazzola, P., Bucher, H., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Grawe, C., Günthard, H., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H., Hoffmann, M., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Kovari, H., Kouyos, R., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada BM, Metzner, K., Müller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Polli, C., Posfay-Barbe, K., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Scherrer, A., Speck, R., Tarr, P., Thanh Lecompte, M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C., Yerly, S., Techakunakorn, P., Hansudewechakul, R., Kham, C., Wanchaitanawong, V., Theansavettrakul, S., Sai, M., Nanta, S., Ngampiyaskul, C., Phanomcheong, S., Hongsiriwon, S., Karnchanamayul, W., Kwanchaipanich, R., Kanjanavanit, S., Kamonpakorn, N., Nantarukchaikul, M., Layangool, P., Mekmullica, J., Lucksanapisitkul, P., Watanayothin, S., Lertpienthum, N., Warachit, B., Hanpinitsak, S., Potchalongsin, S., Thanasiri, P., Krikajornkitti, S., Attavinijtrakarn, P., Srirojana, S., Bunjongpak, S., Puangsombat, A., Na-Rajsima, S., Ananpatharachai, P., Akarathum, N., Phuket, V., Lawtongkum, W., Kheunjan, P., Suriyaboon, T., Saipanya, A., Than-In-At, K., Jaisieng, N., Suaysod, R., Chailoet, S., Naratee, N., Kawilapat, S., Kaleeva, T., Baryshnikova, Y., Soloha, S., Bashkatova, N., Raus, I., Glutshenko, O., Ruban, Z., Prymak, N., Bailey, H., Bamford, A., Butler, K., Doerholt, K., Doherty, C., Foster, C., Francis, K., Harrison, I., Kenny, J., Letting, G., Mcmaster, P., Murau, F., Nsangi, E., Peters, H., Prime, K., Shackley, F., Shingadia, D., Storey, S., Tudor-Williams, G., Turkova, A., Welch, S., Jeannie Collins, I., Cook, C., Crichton, S., Dobson, D., Fairbrother, K., M Gibb D, Harper, L., Le Prevost, M., Van Looy, N., Walsh, A., Thrasyvoulou, L., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Sloper, K., Fidler, K., Hague, R., Price, V., Clapson, M., Flynn, J., Cardoso, A., Abou-Rayyah, M., Gurtin, D., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Clough, S., Anguvaa, L., Conway, S., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, B., Pope, S., Cliffe, L., Smyth, A., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Rogahn, D., Clarke, L., Jones, L., Offerman, B., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Ibberson, L., Faust, S., Hancock, J., Sharland, M., Lyall, H., Monrose, C., Seery, P., Menson, E., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., Critchton, S., Duff, C., Gomezpena, D., Lundin, R., Mangiarini, L., Nardone, A., Posfay Barbe, Klara, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Sciences for Woman and Child's Health, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), service de maladies infectieuses CHU J Minjoz Besancon, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Pédiatrie Médicale [Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service d'hématologie : Immuno-Hématologie pédiatrique et transplantation de moelle osseuse, Hôpital Debrousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Infectious Diseases, San Martino Hospital, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Maternal-Infantile Department, Unit of Paediatrics and Oncohematology, University Hospital of Parma, Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS S. Matteo, Department of Paediatrics, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Dipartimento di Ingegneria [Benevento], Università degli Studi del Sannio, University of Twente, Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN (ARN), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Stichting HIV Monitoring, Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), University of Basel (Unibas), Dysfonctions métaboliques et diabètes: Mécanismes et approches thérapeutiques, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University Heart Centre Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Prapokklao Hospital [Chanthaburi, Thailand], Nakornping Hospital [Chiang Mai, Thailand], Samutsakhon Hospital [Samutsakhon, Thailand], Kalasin Hospital [Kalasin, Thailand], Sanpatong Hospital [Chiang Mai, Thailand], Chiang Mai University (CMU), Microbiology Department, St. Jame's Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of London [London], London South Bank University (LSBU), Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord, Florence University, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai University (CMU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), University of Genoa (UNIGE), Catholic University of Rome, University of Twente [Netherlands], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Pediatrics, Virology, Chappell, Elizabeth, Riordan, Andrew, Jourdain, Gonzague, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Ene, Luminita, J Scherpbier, Henriette, Warszawski, Josiane, J Collins, Intira, Smit, Colette, Marques, Laura, Klein, Nigel, Guillén, Sara, Judd, Ali, Thorne, Claire, Goodall, Ruth, Königs, Christoph, Spoulou, Vana, Prata, Filipa, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Chiappini, Elena, Galli, Luisa, Naver, Lar, Giaquinto, Carlo, M Gibb, Diana, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Klimkait, Thoma, Lallemant, Marc, Ngo-Giang-Huong, Nicole, Kiseleva, Galyna, Malyuta, Ruslan, Volokha, Alla, Hainaut, Marc, Delforge, Marc, Le Chenadec, Jerome, Ramos, Elisa, Dialla, Olivia, Wack, Thierry, Laurent, Corine, Ait Si Selmi, Lamya, Leymarie, Isabelle, Ait Benali, Fazia, Brossard, Maud, Boufassa, Leila, Floch-Tudal, Corinne, Firtion, Ghislaine, Hau, Isabelle, Chace, Anne, Bolot, Pascal, Blanche, Stéphane, Levine, Martine, Kremlin Bicëtre, Le, Fourcade, Corinne, Heller-Roussin, Brigitte, Runel-Belliard, Camille, Tricoire, Joëlle, Chirouze, Catherine, Reliquet, Véronique, Brouard, Jacque, Kebaili, Kamila, Fialaire, Pascale, Lalande, Muriel, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Baumann, U, Niehues, T, Neubert, J, Kobbe, R, Berlin, Charite, Feiterna-Sperling, C, Königs, C, Buchholz, B, Notheis, G, de Martino, Maurizio, Angelo Tovo, Pier, Patrizia, Osimani, Larovere, Domenico, Ruggeri, Maurizio, Faldella, Giacomo, Baldi, Francesco, Badolato, Raffaele, Montagnani, Carlotta, Venturini, Elisabetta, Lisi, Catiuscia, Di Biagio, Antonio, Taramasso, Lucia, Giacomet, Vania, Erba, Paola, Esposito, Susanna, Lipreri, Rita, Salvini, Filippo, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, LO VECCHIO, Andrea, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Aging & Later Life, Infectious diseases, and Global Health
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], HIV Infections, Rate ratio, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, poor immune response, ddc:618, Immunosuppression, Viral Load, Hepatitis B, Thailand, 3. Good health, Europe, Thailand/epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Coinfection, Female, Cohort study, Adult, Microbiology (medical), viral suppression, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, antiretroviral therapy, 030106 microbiology, Europe/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, children, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, HIV, Aged, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, business.industry, Immunity, medicine.disease, HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Background In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive adults, low CD4 cell counts despite fully suppressed HIV-1 RNA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the prevalence and outcomes of poor immune response (PIR) in children receiving suppressive ART. Methods Sixteen cohorts from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) contributed data. Children Results Of 2318 children included, median age was 6.4 years and 68% had advanced/severe immunosuppression at ART initiation. At 1 year of VS, 12% had PIR. In multivariable analysis, PIR was associated with older age and worse immunological stage at ART start, hepatitis B coinfection, and residing in Thailand (all P ≤ .03). Rates of AIDS/death (95% confidence interval) per 100 000 person-years were 1052 (547, 2022) among PIR versus 261 (166, 409) among immune responders; rate ratio of 4.04 (1.83, 8.92; P < .001). Conclusions One in eight children in our cohort experienced PIR despite sustained VS. While the overall rate of AIDS/death was low, children with PIR had a 4-fold increase in risk of event as compared with immune responders.
Published: 2020
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17. Splanchnic Oxygenation at First Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants: Correlation With Feeding Intolerance

Author: Silvia Martini, Paola Rucci, Barbara Battistini, Giacomo Faldella, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Corvaglia, Luigi, Martini, Silvia, Battistini, Barbara, Rucci, Paola, Faldella, Giacomo, and Aceti, Arianna
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Risk Assessment, Enteral administration, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Enteral Nutrition, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, preterm infants, Prospective Studies, Splanchnic Circulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Oxygenation, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, splanchnic oxygenation, Oxygen, Parenteral nutrition, NIRS, feeding intolerance, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Splanchnic, Biomarkers, Infant, Premature, Feeding Intolerance
Abstract: Preterm infants are at risk of developing gastrointestinal complications such as feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous monitoring of abdominal oxygenation (ArSO2) and could help to predict gastrointestinal complications in preterm neonates. In this prospective observational study, ArSO2 patterns at first enteral feed were evaluated by NIRS in 61 clinically stable preterm infants. Splanchnic-cerebral oxygenation ratio, which is a marker of gut hypoxia, was also calculated. ArSO2 and splanchnic-cerebral oxygenation ratio were significantly lower both at baseline and after feeding administration in infants who later developed feeding intolerance (n = 23). NIRS could help the early prediction of gastrointestinal complications in high-risk preterm infants.
Published: 2017
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18. To Feed or Not to Feed: A Critical Overview of Enteral Feeding Management and Gastrointestinal Complications in Preterm Neonates with a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Author: Silvia Martini, Giacomo Faldella, Silvia Galletti, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Isadora Beghetti, Martini, Silvia, Aceti, Arianna, Galletti, Silvia, Beghetti, Isadora, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Gastrointestinal Diseases, paracetamol, Indomethacin, Hemodynamics, Ibuprofen, necrotizing enterocoliti, Review, Enteral administration, 0302 clinical medicine, Ductus arteriosus, 030212 general & internal medicine, Splanchnic Circulation, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, gastrointestinal complications, human milk, medicine.anatomical_structure, patent ductus arteriosu, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Splanchnic, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Infant, Premature, gastrointestinal complication, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, PubMed, Population, education, lcsh:TX341-641, preterm infant, 03 medical and health sciences, patent ductus arteriosus, Enteral Nutrition, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, preterm infants, Risk factor, Intensive care medicine, Acetaminophen, necrotizing enterocolitis, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Parenteral nutrition, feeding intolerance, enteral feeding, business, Food Science
Abstract: The management of enteral feeds in preterm infants with a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) is a major challenge for neonatologists due to the fear of gastrointestinal (GI) complications. This review aims to analyze the available evidence on the complex relation between the presence and management of PDA, enteral feeding practices, and GI outcomes in the preterm population. There is limited evidence, based on small and heterogeneous trials, that hs-PDA may affect the splanchnic hemodynamic response to enteral feeds. While the presence of PDA seems a risk factor for adverse GI outcomes, the benefits of feeding withholding during pharmacological PDA treatment are controversial. The lack of robust evidence in support of or against a timely feeding introduction or feeding withholding during pharmacological PDA closure in preterm neonates does not allow to draw any related recommendation. While waiting for further data, the feeding management of this population should be carefully evaluated and possibly individualized on the basis of the infants’ hemodynamic and clinical characteristics. Large, multicentric trials would help to better clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the development of gut hypoperfusion, and to evaluate the impact of enteral feeds on splanchnic hemodynamics in relation to PDA features and treatment.
Published: 2019

19. Follow-up at the corrected age of 24 months of preterm newborns receiving continuous infusion of fentanyl for pain control during mechanical ventilation

Author: Fabrizio Ferrari, Gina Ancora, Paola Lago, Daniele Merazzi, Anna Pirelli, E. Garetti, Giacomo Faldella, Luca Pierantoni, Ancora, Gina, Lago, Paola, Garetti, Elisabetta, Pirelli, Anna, Merazzi, Daniele, Pierantoni, Luca, Ferrari, Fabrizio, and Faldella, Giacomo
Subjects: Male, Developmental Disabilities, medicine.medical_treatment, Longitudinal Studie, Severity of Illness Index, Analgesics, Artificial, Fentanyl, Follow-up studies, Infant, Infant development, Opioids, Patient outcome assessment, Premature, Respiration, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Italy, Longitudinal Studies, Pain, Premature Birth, Psychomotor Disorders, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, law.invention, Psychomotor Disorder, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Retrospective Studie, law, Anesthetics, Intravenou, Gestational age, Premature birth, Anesthesia, Psychomotor disorder, Human, medicine.drug, Child Behavior Disorder, Developmental Disabilitie, Placebo, Cognition Disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, Severity of illness, medicine, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, medicine.disease, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The neurodevelopmental impact of fentanyl given to preterm newborns for pain control is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental impact of 2 regimens of fentanyl administration by a prospective follow-up evaluation. In our previous multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 131 mechanically ventilated newborns (gestational age ≤32 weeks) were randomized to fentanyl (continuous infusion of fentanyl + open label boluses of fentanyl) or placebo (continuous infusion of placebo + open label boluses of fentanyl). Infant development was evaluated using Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (Griffiths, 1996) until 24 months of corrected age by trained psychologists who were not aware of the group allocation. 106/131 infants survived at discharge; 3 died after discharge, 25 were lost to follow-up (12 in the fentanyl and 13 in the placebo group). Seventy-eight patients were evaluated at 2 years of corrected age. Children in the fentanyl group, compared with those in the placebo group, obtained significantly lower Griffiths general developmental quotient (mean [SD]: 89.95 [13.64] vs 97.18 [12.72], P = 0.024) together with the scores on the eye-hand coordination (mean [SD]: 89.09 [12.13] vs 99.19 [13.19], P = 0.002) and performance skills (mean [SD]: 79.71 [15.80] vs 90.09 [15.28], P = 0.009) scales. After adjustment for clinical confounders (gestational age, CRIB score, and sex) only eye-hand co-ordination was associated with fentanyl infusion. This study demonstrates that continuous infusion of fentanyl in very preterm infants, given at 1 mcg·kg·h during mechanical ventilation, is associated with a significant decrease in eye and hand co-ordination skills. Longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the impact on future motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions.
Published: 2017
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20. Does the Use of Pacifier Affect Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants?

Author: Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, Giacomo Faldella, Elisa Mariani, E. Legnani, Arianna Aceti, Maria Francesca Corrado, Isabella Bosi, Corvaglia, LUIGI TOMMASO, Martini, Silvia, Corrado, Maria Francesca, Mariani, Elisa, Legnani, ELENA LARA, Bosi, Isabella, Faldella, Giacomo, and Aceti, Arianna
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal pH Monitoring, Neonatal intensive care unit, Gastro esophageal reflux, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Electric Impedance, Humans, Medicine, Trial registration, Cross-Over Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Infant, Newborn, gastroesophageal reflux, preterm infants, non-nutritive sucking, dummy, Reflux, Crossover study, Infant newborn, digestive system diseases, Pacifiers, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pacifier, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Esophageal pH monitoring, Infant, Premature
Abstract: This crossover study showed that non-nutritive sucking, provided with a pacifier in 30 preterm infants, had no effect on acid and nonacid gastro-esophageal reflux evaluated by esophageal pH-impedance, and thus may be reasonably used in preterm neonates with symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02023216 .
Published: 2016
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21. Cerebral Oxygenation Patterns during Electroclinical Neonatal Seizures

Author: Giacomo Faldella, Vittoria Paoletti, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, Martini, Silvia, Paoletti, Vittoria, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, seizure, Electroencephalography, Hypoxia ischemia, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Text mining, Oxygen Consumption, Cerebral oxygenation, Seizures, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, NIRS, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Cardiology, Anticonvulsants, Neurology (clinical), neonate, business
Abstract: No abstract available
Published: 2019

22. The profile of very preterm children on academic achievement. A cross-population comparison with children with specific learning disorders

Author: Giacomo Faldella, Paola Bonifacci, Rosina Alessandroni, Valentina Tobia, Alessandra Sansavini, Annalisa Guarini, Guarini, Annalisa, Bonifacci, Paola, Tobia, VALENTINA ANTONIA, Alessandroni, Rosina, Faldella, Giacomo, Sansavini, Alessandra, Guarini A., Bonifacci P., Tobia V., Alessandroni R., Faldella G., and Sansavini A.
Subjects: Male, 030506 rehabilitation, Developmental Disabilities, Writing, education, Math, School age, Academic achievement, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Fluency, Cognition, Literacy, medicine, Specific Learning Disorder, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Rapid automatized naming, Language, Academic Success, 05 social sciences, Preterm birth, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Spelling, Comprehension, Clinical Psychology, Phenotype, Reading, Infant, Extremely Premature, Specific learning disorder, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Infant, Premature, Mathematics, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Background Very preterm (VPT) children showed delays in reading, spelling and maths, but their academic achievement profile is not clearly understood. Aims VPT children were compared with children with specific learning disorders (SLD) and typically developing (TD) children on academic achievement, considering cognitive and linguistic phenotypic markers. A learning profile analysis was also performed. Methods We included 170 10-year old monolingual Italian-speaking children (37 VPT, 28 SLD, 105 TD) assessing cognitive, linguistic and academic skills. Results On academic achievements VPT children fell behind TD peers in some reading (text speed, comprehension), spelling (non-word), and math (number knowledge, written calculations and problem-solving) tasks. SLD children underperformed in all academic tasks with respect to VPT and TD peers. Concerning cognitive and linguistic phenotypic markers, compared to TD peers, VPT children showed lower scores in verbal IQ and phonological fluency, SLD children in phonological processing and rapid automatized naming. VPT children showed a higher rate of at-risk performance in reading compared to TD group, but a minor percentage of impaired profiles and comorbidity among learning areas compared to SLD group. Conclusions and implications The academic achievement profile of VPT children shows persistent delays, but it differs to that of SLD children, since delays are less widespread and severe, and differences were found in phenotypic markers and comorbidity. Follow-up programs and effective interventions are needed for VPT children.
Published: 2019

23. Maternal Supplementation With Krill Oil During Breastfeeding and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) Composition of Human Milk: A Feasibility Study

Author: Anna Giulia Cimatti, Silvia Martini, Alessandra Munarini, Maximilano Zioutas, Francesca Vitali, Arianna Aceti, Vilma Mantovani, Giacomo Faldella, Luigi Corvaglia, Cimatti, Anna Giulia, Martini, Silvia, Munarini, Alessandra, Zioutas, Maximilano, Vitali, Francesca, Aceti, Arianna, Mantovani, Vilma, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Breastfeeding, Physiology, lactation, Breast milk, Pediatrics, Krill oil, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Lactation, medicine, LCPUFA, chemistry.chemical_classification, krill oil, business.industry, lcsh:RJ1-570, EPA, lcsh:Pediatrics, AA, Clinical Trial, Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Docosahexaenoic acid, supplementation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, breast milk, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Arachidonic acid, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major constituent of neuronal and retinal membranes and plays a crucial role in brain and visual development within the first months of life. Dietary intakes are fundamental to provide neonates with adequate DHA supply; hence, maternal supplementation might represent a useful strategy to implement DHA contents in breast milk (BM), with possible benefits on neonatal neurodevelopment. Antarctic krill is a small crustacean rich in highly available phospholipid-bound DHA. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether maternal supplementation with krill oil during breastfeeding increases long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) BM contents. Methods: Mothers of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were enrolled in this open, randomized-controlled study between 4 and 6 weeks after delivery and randomly allocated in 2 groups. Group 1 received an oral krill oil-based supplement providing 250 mg/day of DHA and 70 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for 30 days; group 2 served as control. BM samples from both groups were collected at baseline (T0) and day 30 (T1) and underwent a qualitative analysis of LCPUFAs composition by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: Sixteen breastfeeding women were included. Of these, 8 received krill-oil supplementation and 8 were randomized to the control group. Baseline percentage values of DHA (%DHA), arachidonic acid (%AA), and EPA (%EPA) did not differ between groups. A significant increase in %DHA (T0: median 0.23% [IQR 0.19;0.38], T1:0.42% [0.32;0.49], p 0.012) and %EPA (T0: median 0.10% [IQR 0.04;0.11], T1:0.11% [0.04;0.15], p 0.036) and a significant reduction in %AA (T0: median 0.48% [IQR 0.42;0.75], T1:0.43% [0.38;0.61], p 0.017) between T0 and T1 occurred in Group 1, whereas no difference was seen in Group 2. Consistently, a significant between-group difference was observed in percentage changes from baseline of DHA (Δ%DHA, group 1: median 64.2% [IQR 27.5;134.6], group 2: −7.8% [−12.1;−3.13], p 0.025) and EPA (Δ%EPA, group 1: median 39% [IQR 15.7;73.4]; group 2: −25.62% [−32.7;−3.4], p 0.035). Conclusions: Oral krill oil supplementation effectively increases DHA and EPA contents in BM. Potential benefits of this strategy on brain and visual development in breastfed preterm neonates deserve further evaluation in targeted studies. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03583502.
Published: 2018
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24. Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children with acute bronchiolitis

Author: Marcello Lanari, Laura Greco, Ada Dormi, Carlotta Biagi, Giacomo Faldella, Michelangelo Baldazzi, Arianna Dondi, Luca Pierantoni, Biagi, Carlotta, Pierantoni, Luca, Baldazzi, Michelangelo, Greco, Laura, Dormi, Ada, Dondi, Arianna, Faldella, Giacomo, and Lanari, Marcello
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Diagnostic accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Bronchioliti, Lung, Ultrasonography, lcsh:RC705-779, Lung ultrasound, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Chest X-ray, Infant, Reproducibility of Results, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, Exploratory analysis, Pneumonia, Radiation Exposure, medicine.disease, 030228 respiratory system, Italy, Bronchiolitis, Acute Bronchiolitis, Dimensional Measurement Accuracy, Concomitant, Female, Radiography, Thoracic, business, Medical costs, Research Article
Abstract: Background: Guidelines currently do not recommend the routine use of chest x-ray (CXR) in bronchiolitis. However, CXR is still performed in a high percentage of cases, mainly to diagnose or rule out pneumonia. The inappropriate use of CXR results in children exposure to ionizing radiations and increased medical costs. Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has become an emerging diagnostic tool for diagnosing pneumonia in the last decades. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of LUS for the detection of pneumonia in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and to evaluate the agreement between LUS and CXR in diagnosing pneumonia in these patients. Methods: We enrolled children admitted to our hospital in 2016-2017 with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and undergone CXR because of clinical suspicion of concomitant pneumonia. LUS was performed in each child by a pediatrician blinded to the patient's clinical, laboratory and CXR findings. An exploratory analysis was done in the first 30 patients to evaluate the inter-observer agreement between a pediatrician and a radiologist who independently performed LUS. The diagnosis of pneumonia was established by an expert clinician based on the recommendations of the British Thoracic Society guidelines. Results: Eighty seven children with bronchiolitis were investigated. A final diagnosis of concomitant pneumonia was made in 25 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of LUS for the diagnosis of pneumonia were 100% and 83.9% respectively, with an area under-the-curve of 0.92, while CXR showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 87.1%. When only consolidation > 1 cm was considered consistent with pneumonia, the specificity of LUS increased to 98.4% and the sensitivity decreased to 80.0%, with an area under-the-curve of 0.89. Cohen's kappa between pediatrician and radiologist sonologists in the first 30 patients showed an almost perfect agreement in diagnosing pneumonia by LUS (K 0.93). Conclusions: This study shows the good accuracy of LUS in diagnosing pneumonia in children with clinical bronchiolitis. When including only consolidation size > 1 cm, specificity of LUS was higher than CXR, avoiding the need to perform CXR in these patients. Added benefit of LUS included high inter-observer agreement. Trial registration: Identifier: NCT03280732. Registered 12 September 2017 (retrospectively registered).
Published: 2018

25. Drug-Induced Renal Damage in Preterm Neonates: State of the Art and Methods for Early Detection

Author: Fabrizio De Ponti, Elisabetta Poluzzi, Emanuel Raschi, Silvia Galletti, Giacomo Faldella, Karel Allegaert, Anna Girardi, Girardi, Anna, Raschi, Emanuel, Galletti, Silvia, Poluzzi, Elisabetta, Faldella, Giacomo, Allegaert, Karel, and de Ponti, Fabrizio
Subjects: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Kidney Disease, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Renal function, Review Article, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Toxicology, Nephrotoxicity, Intensive care, Early Diagnosi, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Intensive care medicine, education, media_common, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, Respiratory distress, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Disease, Off-Label Use, medicine.disease, Perinatal asphyxia, Early Diagnosis, Kidney Diseases, business, Infant, Premature, Kidney disease, Human
Abstract: Only a small fraction of drugs widely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are specifically authorized for this population. Even if unlicensed or off-label use is necessary, it is associated with increased adverse drug reactions, which must be carefully weighed against expected benefits. In particular, renal damage is frequent among preterm babies, and is considered a predisposing factor for the development of chronic kidney disease in adulthood. Apart from specific conditions affecting premature neonates (e.g. respiratory distress syndrome, perinatal asphyxia), drugs play an important role in impairing renal function because of well-known nephrotoxicity and/or interaction with renal developmental factors. From a review of the available studies on drug use in NICU patients, we identified and described the most commonly administered drugs that are correlated to renal damage. Early detection of kidney injury is becoming an essential aspects for clinicians because of the limited number of biomarkers applicable in the neonatal population. Postnatal changes of biochemical processes that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects need to be further investigated in order to better understand the mechanisms of drug toxicity in this population. The most promising strategies for dose adjustment and therapeutic schemes are discussed. The purpose of this review was to describe current knowledge on drug use among premature babies and their implication in kidney injury development, as well as to highlight available strategies for early detection of renal damage. ispartof: Drug Safety vol:38 issue:6 pages:535-551 ispartof: location:New Zealand status: published
Published: 2015

26. Feed-related Splanchnic Oxygenation in Preterm Infants with Abnormal Antenatal Doppler Developing Gut Complications

Author: Isadora Beghetti, Silvia Martini, Giacomo Faldella, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Martini, Silvia, Aceti, Arianna, Beghetti, Isadora, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Perforation (oil well), Population, Pilot Projects, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Enteral administration, Gastroenterology, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Umbilical Arteries, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enteral Nutrition, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Splanchnic Circulation, education, education.field_of_study, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, medicine.disease, Oxygen, Parenteral nutrition, preterm infants, feeding intolerance, antenatal Doppler, umbilical Doppler, AREDF, AEDF, splanchnic oxygenation, abdominal oxygenation, patterns, first feed, full feeding, predictor, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Female, Splanchnic, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract: Preterm infants with antenatal absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF) in umbilical arteries are at major risk for gastrointestinal (GI) complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal perforation and feeding intolerance. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous monitoring of splanchnic oxygenation (SrSO2) and might represent a useful tool to predict GI outcomes in this high-risk population.This observational, pilot study assessed feed-related SrSO2 patterns at enteral feeding introduction and full enteral feeding (FEF) achievement in twenty AREDF infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks. Enrolled infants were divided into two groups according to the development vs. lack of GI complications.Infants developing GI complications showed significantly lower SrSO2 and increased splanchnic oxygen extraction in response to enteral feeds at both enteral feeding introduction and FEF.The potential role of these findings in predicting GI complications in AREDF preterm infants seems promising and deserves further evaluation.
Published: 2018

27. Oxidative Stress and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Opportunities for Intervention, and Role of Human Milk

Author: Isadora Beghetti, Luigi Corvaglia, Silvia Martini, Giacomo Faldella, Arianna Aceti, Aceti, Arianna, Beghetti, Isadora, Martini, Silvia, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Aging, Antioxidant, oxidative stress, necrotizing enterocolitis, human milk, medicine.medical_treatment, Review Article, Infant, Premature, Diseases, medicine.disease_cause, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:QH573-671, Enterocolitis, Milk, Human, lcsh:Cytology, business.industry, Multifactorial disease, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cell Biology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant capacity, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: This review will examine the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore potential preventive and therapeutic antioxidant strategies. Preterm infants are particularly exposed to OS as a result of several perinatal stimuli and constitutive defective antioxidant defenses. For this reason, OS damage represents a contributing factor to several complications of prematurity, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Being NEC a multifactorial disease, OS may act as downstream component of the pathogenetic cascade. To counteract OS in preterm infants with NEC, several antioxidant strategies have been proposed and different antioxidant compounds have been experimented. It is well known that human milk (HM) is an important source of antioxidants. At the same time, the role of an exclusive HM diet is well recognized in the prevention of NEC. However, donor HM (DHM) processing may impair antioxidant properties. As DHM is becoming a common nutritional intervention for high risk PI, the antioxidant status of preterm and DHM and potential ways to preserve its antioxidant capacity may merit further investigation.
Published: 2018

28. Maternal responses and development of communication skills in extremely preterm infants

Author: Annalisa Guarini, Jana M. Iverson, Giacomo Faldella, Rosina Alessandroni, Alessandra Sansavini, M. C. Caselli, Erika Benassi, Silvia Savini, and Benassi Erika, Guarini Annalisa, Savini Silvia, Iverson Jana Marie, Caselli Maria Cristina, Alessandroni Rosina, Faldella Giacomo, Sansavini Alessandra
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, Education, Nonverbal communication, Receptive language, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Statistical analysis, Extremely preterm birth, gestures, labeling, language development, maternal responses, vocal productions, labeling, business.industry, Extremely preterm, gestures, 05 social sciences, Expressive language, Extremely preterm birth, Child development, Language development, maternal responses, language development, vocal productions, Communication skills, business, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: The present study examined maternal responses to infants' spontaneous communicative behaviors in a sample of 20 extremely-low-gestational-age (ELGA) infants and 20 full-term (FT) infants during 30 minutes of play interaction when infants were 12 months of age. Relations between maternal responses and infants' communication skills at 12 and 24 months were investigated. Maternal responses were coded according to their contingency and degree of relevance to the infant's communicative signal. Despite the less advanced gestural abilities of ELGA infants, their mothers produced high percentages of contingent and relevant responses, as did mothers of their FT peers. Maternal contingent and highly relevant responses (i.e., those with a repeated label) were associated with ELGA infants' receptive and expressive communication skills at 12 months and predicted expressive communication skills at 24 months. Results suggest that contingent maternal responses with a repeated label following infants' spontaneous communicative behaviors support communicative development, particularly among ELGA infants.
Published: 2018
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29. Fatal pertussis in infancy, Italy

Author: Silvia Ricci, Giacomo Faldella, Silvia Galletti, Ines Carloni, Chiara Azzari, Fernando Maria de Benedictis, Carloni, Ine, Ricci, Silvia, Azzari, Chiara, Galletti, Silvia, Faldella, Giacomo, and de Benedictis, Fernando Maria
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), DNA, Bacterial, Bordetella pertussis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Whooping Cough, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Pulmonary hypertension, Tertiary Care Centers, 03 medical and health sciences, Leukocyte Count, 0302 clinical medicine, Pertussi, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Whooping cough, Retrospective Studies, Pertussis Vaccine, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hospitals, Pediatric, Infant newborn, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Pertussis vaccine, business, Infant, Premature, medicine.drug
Abstract: N/A
Published: 2017

30. Care coordination for children with special health care needs: a cohort study

Author: Jacopo Lenzi, Elisa Zanello, Paola Rucci, Giacomo Faldella, Lee M. Sanders, Maria Pia Fantini, Simona Calugi, Zanello, Elisa, Calugi, Simona, Sanders, Lee M., Lenzi, Jacopo, Faldella, Giacomo, Rucci, Paola, and Fantini, Maria Pia
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Child Health Services, Special needs, Assessment, Social issues, Pediatrics, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ambulatory care, Respite care, 030225 pediatrics, Care coordination, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, Children with special healthcare need, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Pediatric primary care, Child, Physician's Role, Unlicensed assistive personnel, Children with special healthcare needs, Patient Care Team, business.industry, Research, Infant, Newborn, Family pediatrician, Disabled Children, Integrated care, Italy, Family medicine, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Needs Assessment, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Care coordination is widely recognized as a key element of care for patients with chronic and complex medical conditions and their families. In care for children with special health care needs the Family Pediatrician (FP) plays a central role as care coordinator. This study aims to evaluate the FPs’ activities of care coordination for children with special health care needs in the pediatric primary care setting, using an on-line measurement tool. Methods Within the prospective cohort study SpeNK (Special Needs Kids), newborns and children with special health care needs were recruited at discharge from three hospital facilities in Bologna province, from October 1st 2012 to September 30th 2014. Their FPs were invited to complete a questionnaire (SpeNK-FP) at each encounter for the patient during a 9-month period after hospital discharge. SpeNK-FP was developed by adapting the Care Coordination Measurement Tool (CCMT©) developed by Antonelli et al., to the Italian organizational context. The outcome of interest, derived from the questionnaire, is inappropriate use of services. Results Forty FPs completed assessments for 49 children at each of 382 clinical encounters. The majority of children (71.4%) had special health care needs, without complicating social issues. FPs reported “no need for care coordination” in 50.8% of the encounters and 41.1% of records about patient needs requiring care coordination. The most common activity implemented to meet children’s needs was telephone contact with a medical provider. According to FPs, 80% of encounters prevented inappropriate services use. In multivariate regression, pediatric-specialist contact (telephone or in person) was associated with reduced odds of physician report of preventable hospitalization (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.42, p = 0.005). Conclusions The study shows the potential for FPs in Italy to serve as care coordinators and facilitate the implementation of integrated care pathways for children with special health care needs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13052-017-0342-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

31. Immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus infections in infants

Author: Marcello Lanari, Giacomo Faldella, Silvia Vandini, Elisabetta Calamelli, Vandini, Silvia, Calamelli, Elisabetta, Faldella, Giacomo, and Lanari, Marcello
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Rhinovirus, Inflammatory response, viruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Respiratory Syncytial Viru, Virus, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Recurrence, Bronchiolitis, Viral, Humans, Medicine, Respiratory system, Bronchioliti, Respiratory Sounds, Asthma, Inflammation, Immunity, Cellular, Picornaviridae Infections, Wheezing, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Virology, Immunity, Humoral, Rhinoviru, 030104 developmental biology, Bronchiolitis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business
Abstract: Bronchiolitis is a common disease in infancy, mostly due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Rhinovirus. In addition to acute infection, viral bronchiolitis is responsible for sequelae including recurrent wheezing and asthma. The analysis of the viral characteristics and of the pathogenesis of the infection shows differences between the two viruses that may be helpful for the development of therapies and preventive strategies.
Published: 2017

32. Strategies for preventing group B streptococcal infections in newborns: A nation-wide survey of Italian policies

Author: Tzialla, C, berardi, A, farina, C, clerici, P, borghesi, A, viora, E, scollo, P, stronati, M, Task Force for group B streptococcal infections for the Italian Society of Neonatology including Stival, G, barbaglia, Ma, guala, A, giunta, E, parola, L, grossignani, Mr, perri, P, tubaldi, L, alletto, G, daidone, S, flacco, V, dani, C, sterpa, A, rapisardi, G, elicio, Mr, faldella, G, capretti, Mg, messner, H, bandiera, M, achille, C, azzali, A, montrasio, G, mariani, S, galvagno, G, giacosa, E, de Angelis, F, spandrio, M, serra, A, garofalo, F, perona, A, porcelli, F, ferrero, F, De Franco, S, paollilo, P, picone, S, besana, R, varisco, T, farina, M, memo, L, nicolini, G, lietti, D, Di Chiara, G, rottoli, A, Bonabitacola, T, Cortis, E, Neri, E, Martinelli, S, Ilardi, L, Rondanini, Gf, Calzi, P, Gatta, A, Quntadamo, Pa, Ivaldi, M, Terenzani, L, Di Lascio, N, Travaglio, Md, Vetrano, G, Furcolo, G, Vitacco, V, Intini, C, Frigerio, M, Stroppiana, P, Policicchio, G, Mesirca, P, Gianino, P, Audenio, E, Paludetto, R, Raimondi, F, Pugliese, A, Valentino, L, Nosari, N, Marchesano, G, Chirico, G, Bellù, R, Menchini, M, Poletti, A, E T, Vacchiano, Pinto, L, E D, Perri, Coppola, R, Perini, R, Vetrella, A, De Luca, G, Lista, G, Cavigioli, F, Bettinelli, A, Massironi, E, Franco, C, Bernardo, L, Poli, S, Palladini, M, Tota, V, Spadavecchia, F, Zuccotti, Gv, Pogliani, L, Bracaglia, G, Mancini, Al, Zocco, F, Iozzia, G, Auriemma, A, Teani, M, Mangilli, G, Tempra, Am, Di Terlizi, L, Bottino, R, Salvi, C, Fortunato, V, Musaico, R, Gargantini, G, Carrera, G, Magaldi, R, Taurino, L, D'Onofrio, Am, Buffone, E, Tempera, A, Agosti, M, Garzia, P, Mosca, F, Pugni, L, Tagliabue, P, Colombo, C, Demi, M, Picco, G, Carlucci, A, Zorzi, G, Padula, D, Cardone, Ml, Buonocore, G, Muraca, Mc, Boldrini, A, Ciantelli, M, Lanari, M, Serra, L, Felici, L, Banderalli, G, Brambilla, C, Dall'Agnola, A, Viviani, E, Zonca, Mc, Licardi, G, Chiara, A, Ancora, G, Papa, I, Gancia, P, Pomero, G, Deloglu, A, Villani, P, Mussini, P, Canidio, E, Migliavacca, D, Di Fabio, S, Cipollone, I, Biasucci, G, Rubbi, P, Piepoli, M, Guastaferro, N, Infriccioli, F, Bertino, E, Perathoner, C, Parmigiani, S, Suriano, G, Ianniello, C, Biasini, A, Azzalli, M, Timpani, G, Barresi, S, Caoci, G, Ciccotti, R, De Curtis, M, Natale, F, Finocchi, M, Haass, C, Milillo, F, Lucieri, S, Guercio, E, Canepa, Sa, Scozia, G, Antonucci, R, Limongelli, O, Macciò, S, Mongelli, F, Colonna, F, Dragovic, D, Calipa, Mt, Cohen, A, Moresco, L, Italian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists including La Spina, R, Ruggeri, R, Luehwink, A, Brattoli, M, Fedi, A, Lacchi, L, Ettore, G, Pappalardo, E, Conoscenti, G, Zeni, B, Spellecchia, D, Favretti, L, Spagna, L, Zaglio, S, Bresciani, D, Bandini, A, Mancini, R, Mustoni, P, Dodero, D, Grimaldi, M, Di Mario, M, Migliorini, P, Kemeny, A, Anastasio, Ps, Riccardi, T, Maggino, T, Cerri, G, Puggina, P, Marconi, Am, Morgia, S, Bellia, G, D'Anna, Mr, Catania, M, Bacchi Modena, A, Franchi, L, Calonaci, N, Schettini, S, Paradiso, R, Saccucci, P, Ioppi, M, Zorzi, M, Stellin, G, Patacchiola, F, Carrata, L, Bassini, D, San Marco, L, Todros, T, Tibadi, C, Liborio, M, Italian Association of Clinical Microbiologists including Laricchia, R, Tauro, L, Ferrara, F, Nuara, C, Ghiraldi, E, Molinari, F, Comessatti, A, Rocchetti, A, Di Matteo, L, Miconi, V, Calvi, P, Pernigotti, A, Fabozzi, F, Micca, G, Monticone, G, Sarti, M, Da Rin, G, Zoppelletto, M, Modolo, E, Landini, Mp, Furlini, G, Galluppi, E, Pagani, E, Aschbacher, R, Innocenti, P, Bresolin, N, Raggi, Me, Bonfanti, C, De Francesco, M, Santer, P, Griessmaier, A, De Francesco, D, Pirali, A, Prasciolu, C, Usai, F, Cuzzone, G, Scutellà, M, Tramacere, P, Fossati, D, Piaserico, G, Bordignon, G, Sciacca, A, Di Vincenzo, F, Imbriani, A, Melotti, D, Catanoso, G, Rivetti, I, Neri, G, Bruno, R, Bacelle, L, Sartore, P, Giana, G, Sala, E, Giraldi, C, Cavalcanti, P, Perugini, M, Perugini, A, Ginardi, C, Maritano, D, Ferrini, A, Bonettini, A, Avanzini, A, Gasperoni, S, Pieretti, B, Montanari, E, Carillo, C, Rossi, Mr, Laureti, A, Baldoni, Ml, Serra, D, Melioli, G, Bandettini, R, Oneto, F, Colla, R, Storchi Incerti, S, Lanzini, F, Pauri, P, Tili, E, Leone, Ra, Verdastro, G, Megha, M, Luzzaro, F, Conti, A, Busulini, L, Mirri, P, Diodati, R, Vettori, C, Pittalis, S, Anesi, A, Fiore, A, Goglia, L, Vitullo, E, Sinno, A, Platzgummer, S, Spitaler, C, Trabucchi, Mc, Besozzi, M, Cesana, E, Inghilleri, G, Grosso, S, D'Angelo, R, Fogato, E, Lavarda, F, Ortisi, G, Clementi, M, Cichero, P, Rumpianesi, F, Venturelli, C, Mortillaro, F, Daffara, S, Catania, Mr, Iula, D, Andreoni, S, Politi, A, Agostinelli, C, Paparella, C, Capozzi, D, Notaris, P, Bistoni, F, Mencacci, A, Valentini, M, Filippetti, A, Confalonieri, M, Novarese, O, Bonini, F, Salamone, D, Camporese, A, De Rosa, R, Casprini, P, Degl'Innocenti, R, Giordano, R, Allù, Mt, Zanella, D, Malandrino, M, Tronci, M, Valmarin, M, Leonetti, G, Falco, S, Meledandri, M, Ballardini, M, Spanò, A, Cava, Mc, Mascellino, Mt, Schinella, M, Gualdi, P, Casari, E, Scattolo, N, Motta, C, Perfetti, C, Bassano, M, Cera, G, Iafisco, P, Mura, I, Palmieri, A, Migliardi, M, Ferlini, M, Grandi, G, Giardini, F, Albano, F, Latino, M, Ferrero, Mp, Bellizia, L, Russolo, M, Russolo, S, Pesenti, A, Fasano, Ma, Previato, S, Radillo, O, Busetti, M, Ferrari, P, Siderini, V, Puzzolante, L, Scarparo, C, Arzese, A, Cappuccia, N, Lodolo, L, Delledonne, L, Gramoni, A, Maiolo, V, Gheller, A, Spadaro, S, Balzaretti, M, Tzialla, C., Berardi, A., Farina, C., Clerici, P., Borghesi, A., Viora, E., Scollo, P., Stronati, M., Stival, G., Barbaglia, M. A., Guala, A., Giunta, E., Parola, L., Grossignani, M. R., Perri, P., Tubaldi, L., Alletto, G., Daidone, S., Flacco, V., Dani, C., Sterpa, A., Rapisardi, G., Elicio, M. R., Faldella, G., Capretti, M. G., Messner, H., Bandiera, M., Achille, C., Azzali, A., Montrasio, G., Mariani, S., Galvagno, G., Giacosa, E., de Angelis, F., Spandrio, M., Serra, A., Garofalo, F., Perona, A., Porcelli, F., Ferrero, F., De Franco, S., Paollilo, P., Picone, S., Besana, R., Varisco, T., Farina, M., Memo, L., Nicolini, G., Lietti, D., Di Chiara, G., Rottoli, A., Bonabitacola, T., Cortis, E., Neri, E., Martinelli, S., Ilardi, L., Rondanini, G. F., Calzi, P., Gatta, A., Quntadamo, P. A., Ivaldi, M., Terenzani, L., Di Lascio, N., Travaglio, M. D., Vetrano, G., Furcolo, G., Vitacco, V., Intini, C., Frigerio, M., Stroppiana, P., Policicchio, G., Mesirca, P., Gianino, P., Audenio, E., Paludetto, R., Raimondi, F., Pugliese, A., Valentino, L., Nosari, N., Marchesano, G., Chirico, G., Bell(`u), R., Menchini, M., Poletti, A., Vacchiano, T., Pinto, L., Perri, D., Coppola, R., Perini, R., Vetrella, A., De Luca, G., Lista, G., Cavigioli, F., Bettinelli, A., Massironi, E., Franco, C., Bernardo, L., Poli, S., Palladini, M., Tota, V., Spadavecchia, F., Zuccotti, G. V., Pogliani, L., Bracaglia, G., Mancini, A. L., Zocco, F., Iozzia, G., Auriemma, A., Teani, M., Mangilli, G., Tempra, A. M., Di Terlizi, L., Bottino, R., Salvi, C., Fortunato, V., Musaico, R., Gargantini, G., Carrera, G., Magaldi, R., Taurino, L., D?onofrio, A. M., Buffone, E., Tempera, A., Agosti, M., Garzia, P., Mosca, F., Pugni, L., Tagliabue, P., Colombo, C., Demi, M., Picco, G., Carlucci, A., Zorzi, G., Padula, D., Cardone, M. L., Buonocore, G., Muraca, M. C., Boldrini, A., Ciantelli, M., Lanari, M., Serra, L., Felici, L., Banderalli, G., Brambilla, C., Dall?agnola, A., Viviani, E., Zonca, M. C., Licardi, G., Chiara, A., Ancora, G., Papa, I., Gancia, P., Pomero, G., Deloglu, A., Villani, P., Mussini, P., Canidio, E., Migliavacca, D., Di Fabio, S., Cipollone, I., Biasucci, G., Rubbi, P., Piepoli, M., Guastaferro, N., Infriccioli, F., Bertino, E., Perathoner, C., Parmigiani, S., Suriano, G., Ianniello, C., Biasini, A., Azzalli, M., Timpani, G., Barresi, S., Caoci, G., Ciccotti, R., De Curtis, M., Natale, F., Finocchi, M., Haass, C., Milillo, F., Lucieri, S., Guercio, E., Canepa, S. A., Scozia, G., Antonucci, R., Limongelli, O., Macci(`o), S., Mongelli, F., Colonna, F., Dragovic, D., Calipa, M. T., Cohen, A., Moresco, L., La Spina, R., Ruggeri, R., Luehwink, A., Brattoli, M., Fedi, A., Lacchi, L., Ettore, G., Pappalardo, E., Conoscenti, G., Zeni, B., Spellecchia, D., Favretti, L., Spagna, L., Zaglio, S., Bresciani, D., Bandini, A., Mancini, R., Mustoni, P., Dodero, D., Grimaldi, M., Di Mario, M., Migliorini, P., Kemeny, A., Anastasio, P. S., Riccardi, T., Maggino, T., Cerri, G., Puggina, P., Marconi, A. M., Morgia, S., Bellia, G., D?anna, M. R., Catania, M., Bacchi Modena, A., Franchi, L., Calonaci, N., Schettini, S., Paradiso, R., Saccucci, P., Ioppi, M., Zorzi, M., Stellin, G., Patacchiola, F., Carrata, L., Bassini, D., San Marco, L., Todros, T., Tibadi, C., Liborio, M., Laricchia, R., Tauro, L., Ferrara, F., Nuara, C., Ghiraldi, E., Molinari, F., Comessatti, A., Rocchetti, A., Di Matteo, L., Miconi, V., Calvi, P., Pernigotti, A., Fabozzi, F., Micca, G., Monticone, G., Sarti, M., Da Rin, G., Zoppelletto, M., Modolo, E., Landini, M. P., Furlini, G., Galluppi, E., Pagani, E., Aschbacher, R., Innocenti, P., Bresolin, N., Raggi, M. E., Bonfanti, C., De Francesco, M., Santer, P., Griessmaier, A., De Francesco, D., Pirali, A., Prasciolu, C., Usai, F., Cuzzone, G., Scutell(`a), M., Tramacere, P., Fossati, D., Piaserico, G., Bordignon, G., Sciacca, A., Di Vincenzo, F., Imbriani, A., Melotti, D., Catanoso, G., Rivetti, I., Neri, G., Bruno, R., Bacelle, L., Sartore, P., Giana, G., Sala, E., Giraldi, C., Cavalcanti, P., Perugini, M., Perugini, A., Ginardi, C., Maritano, D., Ferrini, A., Bonettini, A., Avanzini, A., Gasperoni, S., Pieretti, B., Montanari, E., Carillo, C., Rossi, M. R., Laureti, A., Baldoni, M. L., Serra, D., Melioli, G., Bandettini, R., Oneto, F., Colla, R., Storchi Incerti, S., Lanzini, F., Pauri, P., Tili, E., Leone, R. A., Verdastro, G., Megha, M., Luzzaro, F., Conti, A., Busulini, L., Mirri, P., Diodati, R., Vettori, C., Pittalis, S., Anesi, A., Fiore, A., Goglia, L., Vitullo, E., Sinno, A., Platzgummer, S., Spitaler, C., Trabucchi, M. C., Besozzi, M., Cesana, E., Inghilleri, G., Grosso, S., D?angelo, R., Fogato, E., Lavarda, F., Ortisi, G., Clementi, M., Cichero, P., Rumpianesi, F., Venturelli, C., Mortillaro, F., Daffara, S., Catania, M. R., Iula, D., Andreoni, S., Politi, A., Agostinelli, C., Paparella, C., Capozzi, D., Notaris, P., Bistoni, F., Mencacci, A., Valentini, M., Filippetti, A., Confalonieri, M., Novarese, O., Bonini, F., Salamone, D., Camporese, A., De Rosa, R., Casprini, P., Degl?innocenti, R., Giordano, R., All(`u), M. T., Zanella, D., Malandrino, M., Tronci, M., Valmarin, M., Leonetti, G., Falco, S., Meledandri, M., Ballardini, M., Span(`o), A., Cava, M. C., Mascellino, M. T., Schinella, M., Gualdi, P., Casari, E., Scattolo, N., Motta, C., Perfetti, C., Bassano, M., Cera, G., Iafisco, P., Mura, I., Palmieri, A., Migliardi, M., Ferlini, M., Grandi, G., Giardini, F., Albano, F., Latino, M., Ferrero, M. P., Bellizia, L., Russolo, M., Russolo, S., Pesenti, A., Fasano, M. A., Previato, S., Radillo, O., Busetti, M., Ferrari, P., Siderini, V., Puzzolante, L., Scarparo, C., Arzese, A., Cappuccia, N., Lodolo, L., Delledonne, L., Gramoni, A., Maiolo, V., Gheller, A., Spadaro, S., Balzaretti, M., Tzialla, Chryssoula, Berardi, Alberto, Farina, Claudio, Clerici, Pierangelo, Borghesi, Alessandro, Viora, Elsa, Scollo, Paolo, Stronati, Mauro, [.., Lanari, Marcello, Faldella, Giacomo, and ]
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Group B, 0302 clinical medicine, Neonate, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Mass Screening, Blood culture, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Survey, GBS, Group B streptococcus, Infection, Newborn infant, Adult, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Neonatal Screening, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prenatal Care, Primary Prevention, Risk Assessment, Streptococcal Infections, Streptococcus agalactiae, reproductive and urinary physiology, Group B streptococcu, medicine.diagnostic_test, lcsh:RJ1-570, Infectious, Perinatology and Child Health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.medical_specialty, Antibiotic sensitivity, Group B Streptococcal Infection, Prenatal care, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Intensive care medicine, Mass screening, business.industry, Public health, Infant, lcsh:Pediatrics, Newborn, Pregnancy Complications, business
Abstract: Background There are no Italian data regarding the strategies for preventing neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) infection. We conducted a national survey in order to explore obstetrical, neonatal and microbiological practices for the GBS prevention. Methods Three distinct questionnaires were sent to obstetricians, neonatologists and microbiologists. Questionnaires included data on prenatal GBS screening, maternal risk factors, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, microbiological information concerning specimen processing and GBS antimicrobial susceptibility. Results All respondent obstetrical units used the culture-based screening approach to identify women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and more than half of the microbiological laboratories (58%) reported using specimen processing consistent with CDC guidelines. Most neonatal units (89 out of 107, 82%) reported using protocols for preventing GBS early-onset sepsis consistent with CDC guidelines. Conclusions The screening-based strategy is largely prevalent in Italy, and most protocols for preventing GBS early-onset sepsis are consistent with CDC guidelines. However, we found discrepancies in practices among centers that may reflect the lack of Italian guidelines issued by public health organizations.
Published: 2017

33. Chlorhexidine-Induced Chemical Burns in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Author: Santo Arcuri, Giulia Maria Ravaioli, Giacomo Faldella, Maria Grazia Capretti, Annalisa Patrizi, Iria Neri, Neri, Iria, Ravaioli, Giulia Maria, Faldella, Giacomo, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Arcuri, Santo, and Patrizi, Annalisa
Subjects: chemical burn, Skin disinfection, antisepsi, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, extremely low birth weight infant, chlorhexidine gluconate, 030225 pediatrics, Chlorhexidine gluconate, Burns, Chemical, medicine, very low birth weight infant, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, 030212 general & internal medicine, disinfection, integumentary system, business.industry, isopropyl alcohol, Chlorhexidine, Infant, Newborn, Isopropyl alcohol, Infant newborn, Low birth weight, chemistry, Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, medicine.symptom, Extremely low birth weight infant, business, Infant, Premature, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract: Skin disinfection with chlorhexidine gluconate has not been standardized in preterm infants. We present 5 cases of chemical burns that occurred within the first 2 days of life in very low birth weight neonates after skin disinfection with aqueous and alcohol-based chlorhexidine solutions.
Published: 2017

34. Latest options for treatment of bronchiolitis in infants

Author: Giacomo Faldella, Marcello Lanari, Silvia Vandini, Vandini, Silvia, Faldella, Giacomo, and Lanari, Marcello
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Epinephrine, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Oxygen Therapy, Respiratory Syncytial Viru, Hypertonic saline solution, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Lower respiratory tract infection, Oxygen therapy, Ribavirin, Corticosteroid, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bronchioliti, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, Respiratory distress, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, medicine.disease, chemistry, Supportive psychotherapy, Bronchiolitis, Antiviral drug, business, Bronchodilator
Abstract: Bronchiolitis is the most frequent pathology associated with lower respiratory tract infection in newborns and young infants. The treatment of bronchiolitis is essentially supportive therapy for respiratory distress, hypoxia and dehydration. To date, no specific antiviral drug is used on a routine basis for the treatment of RSV infections. Currently, the only antiviral drug approved for the infection is ribavirin; however, its use is limited due to adverse side effects and the risks it poses to healthcare providers. Moreover, several drugs have been routinely administered for years in infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis, even if their efficacy is often not confirmed by clinical evidence, and studies on emerging antiviral drugs are still ongoing. In the present paper we review the recent literature about the drugs used during acute bronchiolitis and we summarize the main recommendations of national and international guidelines and the latest options for the treatment of bronchiolitis.
Published: 2016

35. Contribution of a comparative western blot method to early postnatal diagnosis of congenital syphilis

Author: Luigi Corvaglia, Maria Grazia Capretti, Antonella Marangoni, Giacomo Faldella, M. Compri, Paola Nardini, Claudio Foschi, Roberto Cevenini, Marangoni, Antonella, Foschi, Claudio, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Nardini, Paola, Compri, Monica, Corvaglia, Luigi Tommaso, Faldella, Giacomo, and Cevenini, Roberto
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Postnatal Care, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Blotting, Western, Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology, Mothers, Sensitivity and Specificity, Immunoglobulin G, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Treponema pallidum, Retrospective Studies, Treponema, biology, business.industry, Obstetrics, Syphilis, Congenital, Infant, Newborn, Collodion, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Bacterial, Congenital syphilis, Early Diagnosis, Immunoglobulin M, Italy, biology.protein, Syphilis, Female, Antibody, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Serology has a pivotal role in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis (CS), but problems arise because of the passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of a comparative Western blot (WB) method finalized to match the IgG immunological profiles of mothers and their own babies at birth in order to differentiate between passively transmitted maternal antibodies and antibodies synthesized by the infants against Treponema pallidum . Thirty infants born to mothers with unknown or inadequate treatment for syphilis were entered in a retrospective study, conducted at St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. All of the infants underwent clinical, instrumental, and laboratory examinations, including IgM WB testing. For the retrospective study, an IgG WB assay was performed by blotting T. pallidum antigens onto nitrocellulose sheets and incubating the strips with serum specimens from mother-child pairs. CS was diagnosed in 11 out of the 30 enrolled infants; 9/11 cases received the definitive diagnosis within the first week of life, whereas the remaining two were diagnosed later because of increasing serological test titers. The use of the comparative IgG WB testing performed with serum samples from mother-child pairs allowed a correct CS diagnosis in 10/11 cases. The CS diagnosis was improved by a strategy combining comparative IgG WB results with IgM WB results, leading to a sensitivity of 100%. The comparative IgG WB test is thus a welcome addition to the conventional laboratory methods used for CS diagnosis, allowing identification and adequate treatment of infected infants and avoiding unnecessary therapy of uninfected newborns.
Published: 2016

36. Octreotide in a Critically Ill Extremely Preterm Infant With Perforated Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Author: Silvia Martini, Michela Maffi, Luigi Corvaglia, Mario Lima, Giacomo Faldella, Arianna Aceti, Martini, Silvia, Aceti, Arianna, Lima, Mario, Maffi, M., Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, LUIGI TOMMASO
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Illness, Octreotide, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pneumoperitoneum, Gastrointestinal Agents, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, 030225 pediatrics, Laparotomy, medicine, Humans, Necrotizing enterocilitis, Octreotide, Adverse effect, business.industry, Remission Induction, Infant, Newborn, Chylothorax, medicine.disease, Extremely Preterm Infant, Surgery, Intestinal Perforation, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Congenital hyperinsulinism, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most severe gastrointestinal complication of prematurity. Surgery, either peritoneal drainage placement or laparotomy with resection of the intestinal necrotic tracts, is the definitive treatment of perforated NEC; however, when clinical conditions contraindicate surgical approaches, little is known about medical treatments adjuvant or alternative to surgery. Octreotide is a synthetic somatostatin analog that inhibits pancreatic secretion and leads to splanchnic vasoconstriction. In preterm neonates, it is mainly used off-label for chylothorax and congenital hyperinsulinism, whereas gastrointestinal indications are limited. We describe the case of a critically ill extremely low birth weight infant with perforated NEC, who had unsuccessfully undergone peritoneal drainage placement and laparotomy. Her unstable condition contraindicated a further laparotomy, thus off-label treatment with octreotide was attempted. No adverse events occurred. The infant’s condition gradually improved and progressive reduction of peritoneal outputs and successful resolution of pneumoperitoneum were achieved, with no relapse after octreotide discontinuation.
Published: 2016

37. Evaluation of the effects of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on newborn intestinal microbiota using a sequencing approach targeted to multi hypervariable 16S rDNA regions

Author: Giacomo Faldella, Davide Albanese, Carlotta De Filippo, Donata Luiselli, Sara De Fanti, Irene Aloisio, Diana Di Gioia, Luigi Corvaglia, Andrea Quagliariello, Aloisio, Irene, Quagliariello, Andrea, de Fanti, Sara, Luiselli, Donata, de Filippo, Carlotta, Albanese, Davide, Corvaglia, Luigi Tommaso, Faldella, Giacomo, and Di Gioia, Diana
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Antibiotics, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Feces, Pregnancy, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, 16S rDNA hypervariable regions, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxi, Bifidobacterium, Labor, Obstetric, biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Biodiversity, General Medicine, Actinobacteria, Female, 16S rDNA hypervariable region, Biotechnology, Adult, 16S, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Gut microbiota, DNA, Ribosomal, Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA, Streptococcus agalactiae, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Enterobacteriaceae, Next generation sequencing technology, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Newborns, Ribosomal, Bacteria, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, Infant, Bacteroidetes, Obstetric, Pathogenic bacteria, DNA, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, biology.organism_classification, Newborn, Labor, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Hypervariable region, 030104 developmental biology, RNA
Abstract: Different factors are known to influence the early gut colonization in newborns, among them the perinatal use of antibiotics. On the other hand, the effect on the baby of the administration of antibiotics to the mother during labor, referred to as intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), has received less attention, although routinely used in group B Streptococcus positive women to prevent the infection in newborns. In this work, the fecal microbiota of neonates born to mothers receiving IAP and of control subjects were compared taking advantage for the first time of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. Seven different 16S rDNA hypervariable regions (V2, V3, V4, V6 + V7, V8, and V9) were amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. The results obtained showed significant differences in the microbial composition of newborns born to mothers who had received IAP, with a lower abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes as well as an overrepresentation of Proteobacteria. Considering that the seven hypervariable regions showed different discriminant ability in the taxonomic identification, further analyses were performed on the V4 region evidencing in IAP infants a reduced microbial richness and biodiversity, as well as a lower number of bacterial families with a predominance of Enterobacteriaceae members. In addition, this analysis pointed out a significant reduction in Bifidobacterium spp. strains. The reduced abundance of these beneficial microorganisms, together with the increased amount of potentially pathogenic bacteria, may suggest that IAP infants are more exposed to gastrointestinal or generally health disorders later in age.
Published: 2016
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38. Altered Intracellular ATP Production by Activated CD4+ T-Cells in Very Preterm Infants

Author: Francesca Nanni, Giulia Aquilano, Maria Grazia Capretti, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Giacomo Faldella, Liliana Gabrielli, Angela Chiereghin, Aquilano, Giulia, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Nanni, Francesca, Corvaglia, Luigi, Aceti, Arianna, Gabrielli, Liliana, Chiereghin, Angela, Faldella, Giacomo, and Lazzarotto, Tiziana
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Article Subject, Birth weight, Immunology, Physiology, Adaptive Immunity, Lymphocyte Activation, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Adenosine Triphosphate, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Sepsis, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Enterocolitis, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Zygosity, 030104 developmental biology, Immune System, Infant, Extremely Premature, Necrotizing enterocolitis, medicine.symptom, business, lcsh:RC581-607, Premature rupture of membranes, Intracellular, Research Article
Abstract: Background. The neonatal immune system is not fully developed at birth; newborns have adequate lymphocytes counts but these cells lack function.Objective. To assess the activity of T-cells and the influence of the main perinatal factors in very preterm infants (birth weight < 1500 g).Design. Blood samples from 59 preterm infants (21/59 were dizygotic twins) were collected at birth and at 30 days of life to measure CD4+ T-cell activity using the ImmuKnow™ assay. Fifteen healthy adults were included as a control group.Results. CD4+ T-cell activity was lower in VLBW infants compared with adults (p<0.001). Twins showed lower immune activity compared to singletons (p=0.005). Infants born vaginally showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity compared to those born by C-section (p=0.031); infants born after prolonged Premature Rupture of Membranes (pPROM) showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity at birth (p=0.002) compared to infants born without pPROM. Low CD4+ T-cell activity at birth is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the first week of life (p=0.049).Conclusions. Preterm infants show a lack in CD4+ T-cell activity at birth. Perinatal factors such as intrauterine inflammation, mode of delivery, and zygosity can influence the adaptive immune activation capacity at birth and can contribute to exposing these infants to serious complications such as NEC.
Published: 2016

39. Influence of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Group B Streptococcus on Gut Microbiota in the First Month of Life

Author: Giacomo Faldella, Irene Aloisio, Diana Di Gioia, Giacomo Tonti, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Silvia Martini, Giuseppe Mazzola, Corvaglia, Luigi, Tonti, Giacomo, Martini, Silvia, Aceti, Arianna, Mazzola, Giuseppe, Aloisio, Irene, Di Gioia, Diana, and Faldella, Giacomo
Subjects: Male, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Bacteroides, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, reproductive and urinary physiology, biology, Streptococcus, Gastroenterology, food and beverages, Infant Formula, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Female, Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, digestive system, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial colonization, 030225 pediatrics, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Milk, Human, business.industry, Infant, Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Group B Streptococcus, Gut Microbiota, newborn, Retrospective cohort study, Feeding Behavior, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, body regions, Gastrointestinal Tract, Lactobacillus, Infant formula, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Bifidobacterium, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effect of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for group B Streptococcus (GBS) on bacterial colonization of the infant's gut has not been investigated extensively. We aimed to evaluate the effect of IAP on gut microbiota in healthy term infants, also exploring the influence of type of feeding. METHODS: Healthy term infants, whose mothers had been screened for GBS in late gestation, were divided into 2 groups: infants born to GBS-positive mothers who had received IAP versus controls. Neonatal fecal samples were collected at 7 and 30 days of life; DNA was extracted, and quantification of selected microbial groups (Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp, and Bacteroides fragilis group) was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: A total of 84 infant-mother pairs were recruited. Bifidobacteria count was significantly lower in the IAP group at 7 days of life (median [interquartile range] 6.01 Log colony-forming unit per gram [5.51-6.98] vs 7.80 [6.61-8.26], P = 0.000). No differences in Bifidobacteria count at 30 days or in Lactobacilli and B fragilis counts at any time point were documented. Furthermore, at 7 days of life, infants who had not received IAP and were exclusively human milk-fed had higher counts of Bifidobacteria. Regardless of IAP treatment, infants fed exclusively human milk had higher Lactobacillus spp counts both at 7 and 30 days of life. CONCLUSIONS: IAP alters gut microflora by reducing the count of Bifidobacteria, which is further affected in infants receiving formula feeding. Whether these alterations could have long-term consequences on health and disease requires further investigation.
Published: 2015

40. Measuring parents' perspective on continuity of care in children with special health care needs

Author: Elisa Zanello, Paola Rucci, Simona Calugi, Giacomo Faldella, Jos M. Latour, Maria Pia Fantini, Silvia Vandini, Rucci, Paola, Latour, Jo, Zanello, Elisa, Calugi, Simona, Vandini, Silvia, Faldella, Giacomo, and Fantini, Maria Pia
Subjects: Integrated services, Health (social science), Sociology and Political Science, Family support, Population, special health care needs, factor analysis, Special needs, Nursing, Health care, Medicine, children with preterm birth, education, integrated care, lcsh:R5-920, education.field_of_study, Research and Theory, business.industry, Health Policy, family support, Integrated care, Identification (information), factor analysi, parents’ experience, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, Qualitative research
Abstract: Introduction: Children with special health care needs are an exponentially growing population needing integrated health care programmes that involve primary, community, hospital and tertiary care services. The aims of the study are (1) to develop and validate the Special Needs Kids Questionnaire (SpeNK-Q) designed to measure parents’ perspective on continuity of care for children with special health care needs and (2) to evaluate the continuity of care based on parental experiences in this population.Methods: SpeNK-Q was derived from a previous qualitative study and was based on Haggerty’s constructs of informational, management and relational continuity. Parents of preterm birth children completed the 20-item SpeNK-Q at the second or subsequent planned follow-up visit after the child’s hospital discharge. Principal component analysis was used to examine the structure of the instrument.Results: Principal component analysis of 101 questionnaires administered allowed us to identify five factors explaining 60.2% of item variance: informational continuity; coordination of care; continuity of family–paediatrician relationship; family support; information on care plan.Conclusions and discussion: SpeNK-Q proved to be a psychometrically promising instrument. Its utilisation could improve the identification of areas for service development, the delivery of coordinated care and support policy makers in redesigning integrated services.
Published: 2015

41. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Infants Affected by Primary Immunodeficiency

Author: Maria Grazia Capretti, Silvia Vandini, Giacomo Faldella, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Marcello Lanari, Lanari, Marcello, Vandini, Silvia, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Lazzarotto, Tiziana, and Faldella, Giacomo
Subjects: Palivizumab, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Heart disease, Immunology, Population, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Review Article, Biology, Antiviral Agents, Chemoprevention, Virus, Immunocompromised Host, Immune system, Lower respiratory tract infection, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Viral shedding, education, Antiviral Agent, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, education.field_of_study, Medicine (all), Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Primary immunodeficiency, lcsh:RC581-607, Human, medicine.drug
Abstract: Primary immunodeficiencies are rare inherited disorders that may lead to frequent and often severe acute respiratory infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent pathogens during early infancy and the infection is more severe in immunocompromised infants than in healthy infants, as a result of impaired T- and B-cell immune response unable to efficaciously neutralize viral replication, with subsequent increased viral shedding and potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection. Several authors have reported a severe clinical course after RSV infections in infants and children with primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Environmental prophylaxis is essential in order to reduce the infection during the epidemic season in hospitalized immunocompromised infants. Prophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the RSV F protein, is currently recommended in high-risk infants born prematurely, with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. Currently however the prophylaxis is not routinely recommended in infants with primary immunodeficiency, although some authors propose the extension of prophylaxis to this high risk population.
Published: 2014

42. Effect of antenatal umbilical AREDF on splanchnic oxygenation patterns at first feed in healthy preterm infants

Author: Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Barbara Battistini, Silvia Martini, Paola Rucci, Giacomo Faldella, Martini, Silvia, Battistini, Barbara, Rucci, Paola, Aceti, Arianna, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Hepatology, AREDF, splanchnic oxygenation, NIRS, first feed, preterm infants, business.industry, Anesthesia, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Oxygenation, business, Splanchnic
Published: 2015
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43. Splanchnic oxygenation patterns at first feed in stable preterm infants: Correlation with feeding intolerance development

Author: Paola Rucci, Giacomo Faldella, Silvia Martini, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia, Barbara Battistini, Martini, Silvia, Battistini, Barbara, Aceti, Arianna, Rucci, Paola, Faldella, Giacomo, and Corvaglia, Luigi
Subjects: Splanchnic oxygenation, NIRS, preterm infants, feeding intolerance, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Gestational age, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Enteral administration, Food intolerance, Parenteral nutrition, Statistical significance, Anesthesia, Mann–Whitney U test, Medicine, Splanchnic, business
Abstract: Introduction and aim: Due to their gastro-intestinal immaturity, preterm infants aremore prone to develop feeding intolerance (FI), which frequently hampers the establishment of an adequate enteral nutrition. Previous Doppler studies showed an impaired mesenteric bloodflowvelocity after thefirst feed inpreterm infants developing FI. We aimed to evaluate splanchnic oxygenation patterns in response to the first enteral feed and possible correlations with subsequent FI development. Methods: Stable preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) underwent a 3-hourNear-Infrared Spectroscopymonitoring at first enteral feed administration. The enrolled infants were retrospectively allocated into 2 groups in relation to the development of FI during their hospital stay (food intolerance [FI] vs. food tolerance [FT]). Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare splanchnic oxygenation patterns between the two groups. Statistical significance was set at p
Published: 2015
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