160 results on '"Christian H. Lindh"'
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2. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of sporadic first trimester miscarriage
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Sverre Wikström, Ghada Hussein, Annika Lingroth Karlsson, Christian H. Lindh, and Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Many first trimester sporadic miscarriages are unexplained and the role of environmental exposures is unknown. The present aim was to study if levels of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in early pregnancy are associated with unexplained, sporadic first trimester miscarriage. The study was performed within the Swedish SELMA pregnancy cohort. Seventy-eight women with non-recurrent first trimester miscarriage were included and 1449 women were available as live birth controls. Eight PFASs were measured in first trimester serum. A doubling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, corresponding to an inter-quartile increase, was associated with an odds ratio (95%CI) for miscarriage of 1.48 (1.09–2.01) when adjusting for parity, age and smoking. Analyses per quartiles of PFOA exposure indicated a monotonic dose response association with miscarriage. A similar, but not significant, pattern was observed for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). For other PFAS, there were no associations with miscarriage. We have previously shown associations between early pregnancy PFAS exposures and preeclampsia, as well as lower birth weight. Now we report an association between PFOA and miscarriage within the same cohort, which may suggest shared but unknown mechanisms. The study can only represent a period of early placentation and clinical pregnancy loss during the second half of the first trimester.
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- 2021
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3. Comprehensive proteome analysis of nasal lavage samples after controlled exposure to welding nanoparticles shows an induced acute phase and a nuclear receptor, LXR/RXR, activation that influence the status of the extracellular matrix
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Neserin Ali, Stefan Ljunggren, Helen M. Karlsson, Aneta Wierzbicka, Joakim Pagels, Christina Isaxon, Anders Gudmundsson, Jenny Rissler, Jörn Nielsen, Christian H. Lindh, and Monica Kåredal
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Chamber study ,Welding fume particles ,Nasal lavage ,Effects ,Proteomics ,Mass spectrometry ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Epidemiological studies have shown that many welders experience respiratory symptoms. During the welding process a large number of airborne nanosized particles are generated, which might be inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind observed symptoms is still partly lacking, although inflammation is suggested to play a central role. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of welding fume particle exposure on the proteome expression level in welders suffering from respiratory symptoms, and changes in protein mediators in nasal lavage samples were analyzed. Such mediators will be helpful to clarify the pathomechanisms behind welding fume particle-induced effects. Methods In an exposure chamber, 11 welders with work-related symptoms in the lower airways during the last month were exposed to mild-steel welding fume particles (1 mg/m3) and to filtered air, respectively, in a double-blind manner. Nasal lavage samples were collected before, immediately after, and the day after exposure. The proteins in the nasal lavage were analyzed with two different mass spectrometry approaches, label-free discovery shotgun LC–MS/MS and a targeted selected reaction monitoring LC–MS/MS analyzing 130 proteins and four in vivo peptide degradation products. Results The analysis revealed 30 significantly changed proteins that were associated with two main pathways; activation of acute phase response signaling and activation of LXR/RXR, which is a nuclear receptor family involved in lipid signaling. Connective tissue proteins and proteins controlling the degradation of such tissues, including two different matrix metalloprotease proteins, MMP8 and MMP9, were among the significantly changed enzymes and were identified as important key players in the pathways. Conclusion Exposure to mild-steel welding fume particles causes measurable changes on the proteome level in nasal lavage matrix in exposed welders, although no clinical symptoms were manifested. The results suggested that the exposure causes an immediate effect on the proteome level involving acute phase proteins and mediators regulating lipid signaling. Proteases involved in maintaining the balance between the formation and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins are important key proteins in the induced effects.
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- 2018
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4. Prenatal phthalate exposure and early childhood wheeze in the SELMA study
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Christian H. Lindh, Huan Shu, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Malin Knutz, and Anna Sofia Preece
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Phthalic Acids ,Toxicology ,Logistic regression ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plasticizers ,Pregnancy ,Wheeze ,medicine ,Humans ,Early childhood ,Risk factor ,Child ,Asthma ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Phthalate ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,DPHP ,Child, Preschool ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Prenatal maternal phthalate exposure has been associated with wheeze and asthma in children, but results are inconclusive. Previous studies typically assessed exposure in late pregnancy, included only a small number of old phthalates, and assessed outcomes in children aged 5 years or older. Objective We explored associations between 1st trimester prenatal maternal exposure to a wider range of phthalates and wheeze in early childhood. Methods First trimester concentrations of 14 metabolites from 8 phthalates and one alternative plasticizer were quantified in first-morning void urine from 1148 mothers in the Swedish SELMA study. Associations between log-transformed metabolite concentrations and parental reported ever wheeze among 24-month-old children were investigated with logistic regression models adjusted for parental asthma/rhinitis, sex of child, maternal education, smoking, and creatinine. Results Metabolites of replacement phthalates di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP) and di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) were associated with increased risk for wheeze (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08-2.01 and aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.15, respectively). The associations with DiDP and DPHP were stronger among children whose parents did not have asthma or rhinitis. In this group, wheeze was also associated with metabolites of butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP). Significance Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy may be a risk factor for wheeze in early childhood, especially among children whose parents do not have asthma or rhinitis symptoms.
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- 2021
5. RUBIC (ReproUnion Biobank and Infertility Cohort): A binational clinical foundation to study risk factors, life course, and treatment of infertility and infertility‐related morbidity
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Kristian Almstrup, Angel Elenkov, Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman, Nina la Cour Freiesleben, Lars Rylander, Anja Pinborg, Jorge E. Chavarro, Ann Holm Hansen, Lone Schmidt, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Kristina Wendelboe Olsen, Stephen A. Krawetz, Nathalie F Wang, Ditte Vassard, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Shalender Bhasin, Marie Louise Grøndahl, E. V. Bräuner, Russ Hauser, Pernille Fog Svendsen, Anders Juul, Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg, Jorma Toppari, Jonatan Axelsson, Anne Zedeler, Emir Henic, Ellen Leth Løkkegaard, Margareta Laczna Kitlinski, György Marko-Varga, Christian H. Lindh, Anna-Maria Andersson, Niels Jørgensen, Lærke Priskorn, Johan Malm, Kajsa Uglevig Petersen, Laura Smidt Hansen, Andrea Salonia, Sacha Stormlund, Michael L. Eisenberg, Aleksander Giwercman, Selma Kloeve Landersoe, Priskorn, L., Tottenborg, S. S., Almstrup, K., Andersson, A. -M., Axelsson, J., Brauner, E. V., Elenkov, A., Freiesleben, N. L. C., Giwercman, Y. L., Grondahl, M. L., Hansen, A. H., Hansen, L. S., Henic, E., Kitlinski, M. L., Landersoe, S. K., Lindh, C., Lokkegaard, E. L., Malm, J., Olsen, K. W., Petersen, K. U., Schmidt, L., Stormlund, S., Svendsen, P. F., Vassard, D., Wang, N. F., Zedeler, A., Bhasin, S., Chavarro, J., Eisenberg, M. L., Hauser, R., Huhtaniemi, I., Krawetz, S. A., Marko-Varga, G., Salonia, A., Toppari, J., Juul, A., Jorgensen, N., Nielsen, H. S., Pinborg, A., Rylander, L., and Giwercman, A.
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Adult ,Male ,medically assisted reproduction ,Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medication history ,Denmark ,Urology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Reproductive medicine ,Fertility ,human microbiome/microbiota ,03 medical and health sciences ,Reproductive Techniques ,semen quality ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Biological Specimen Banks ,media_common ,Sweden ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,epigenetics ,business.industry ,Public health ,Pregnancy Outcome ,reproductive disorders ,medicine.disease ,Biobank ,Reproductive Medicine ,Family medicine ,Cohort ,Female ,infertility ,business ,Live birth ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background Infertility affects 15-25% of all couples during their reproductive life span. It is a significant societal and public health problem with potential psychological, social, and economic consequences. Furthermore, infertility has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes. Despite the advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques available, approximately 30% of infertile couples do not obtain a live birth after fertility treatment. For these couples, there are no further options to increase their chances of a successful pregnancy and live birth. Objectives Three overall questions will be studied: 1) What are the risk factors and natural life courses of infertility, early embryonic loss, and adverse pregnancy outcomes? 2) Can we develop new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for fecundity and treatment success? And 3) what are the health characteristics of women and men in infertile couples at the time of fertility treatment and during long-term follow-up? Material and methods ReproUnion Biobank and Infertility Cohort (RUBIC) is established as an add-on to the routine fertility management at Copenhagen University Hospital Departments in the Capital Region of Denmark and Reproductive Medicine Centre at Skane University Hospital in Sweden. The aim is to include a total of 5000 couples equally distributed between Denmark and Sweden. The first patients were enrolled in June 2020. All eligible infertile couples are prospectively asked to participate in the project. Participants complete an extensive questionnaire and undergo a physical examination and collection of bio-specimens (blood, urine, hair, saliva, rectal swabs, feces, semen, endometrial biopsies, and vaginal swabs). After the cohort is established, the couples will be linked to the Danish and Swedish national registers to obtain information on parental, perinatal, childhood, and adult life histories, including disease and medication history. This will enable us to understand the causes of infertility and identify novel therapeutic options for this important societal problem. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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- 2021
6. Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) Cohort – A DNBC Male-Offspring Cohort
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Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Ina Olmer Specht, Gunnar Toft, Christian H. Lindh, Katia Keglberg Hærvig, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Jørn Olsen, Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg, Aleksander Giwercman, Jens Peter Bonde, and Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Epidemiology ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Fertility ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Semen analysis ,medicine.disease ,Male infertility ,03 medical and health sciences ,Semen quality ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohort ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,education ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposures may contribute to male infertility in adult life, but large-scale epidemiological evidence is still lacking. The Fetal Programming of Semen quality (FEPOS) cohort was founded to provide means to examine if fetal exposures can interfere with fetal reproductive development and ultimately lead to reduced semen quality and reproductive hormone imbalances in young adult men. Methods: Young adult men at least 18 years and 9 months of age born to women in the Danish National Birth Cohort living in relative proximity to Copenhagen or Aarhus and for whom a maternal blood sample and two maternal interviews during pregnancy were available were invited to FEPOS. Recruitment began in March 2017 and ended in December 2019. The participants answered a comprehensive questionnaire and underwent a physical examination where they delivered a semen, urine, and hair sample, measured their own testicular volume, and had blood drawn. Results: In total 21,623 sons fulfilled eligibility criteria of whom 5697 were invited and 1058 participated making the response rate 19%. Semen characteristics did not differ between sons from the Copenhagen and Aarhus clinics. When comparing the FEPOS semen parameters to similar cohorts, the median across all semen characteristics was slightly lower for FEPOS participants, although with smaller variation. Conclusion: With its 1058 young adult men, the FEPOS cohort is the largest population-based male-offspring cohort worldwide specifically designed to investigate prenatal determinants of semen quality. Wide-ranging information on maternal health, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, occupation, and serum concentrations of potential reproductive toxicants during pregnancy combined with biological markers of fertility in their sons collected after puberty allow for in-depth investigations of the ‘fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis’. (Less)
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- 2020
7. Maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring birth weight
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Ping-I Lin, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Sverre Wikström, Christian H. Lindh, and Huan Shu
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0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Pregnancy ,Birth Weight ,Longitudinal Studies ,Fluorocarbons ,Fatty Acids ,Gestational age ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Maternal Exposure ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Infant, Small for Gestational Age ,Female ,Public Health ,Caprylates ,medicine.symptom ,Adult ,Offspring ,Birth weight ,Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,Infant, Low Birth Weight ,medicine.disease ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Pregnancy Trimester, First ,Perfluorooctane ,Low birth weight ,Population Study Article ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Small for gestational age ,business ,Decanoic Acids ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread, bioaccumulating, and persistent and show placental transfer. Emerging research indicates associations between prenatal exposure and low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between first trimester exposure to PFASs and birth weight (BW) in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and examine whether associations differ between girls and boys. Methods Eight PFASs were analyzed in maternal serum (median: 10 weeks of pregnancy). Associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birth outcomes with BW, BW for gestational age, and birth small for gestational age (SGA) were assessed in 1533 infants, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex. Results Increased maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with lower BW, lower BW for gestational age, and SGA birth. Associations were significant only in girls, where prenatal exposure in the upper quartile was associated with a 93–142-g lower BW when compared with that of the lowest quartile exposure. The associations were not mediated by effects on gestational age. Conclusions We found associations between prenatal exposure for five different PFASs and birth weight, with more pronounced associations in girls than in boys.
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- 2019
8. Association of phthalate exposure with thyroid function during pregnancy
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Tim I M Korevaar, Maarten A. C. Broeren, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Barbara A. Demeneix, Arash Derakhshan, Andreas Kortenkamp, Christian H. Lindh, Robin P. Peeters, Huan Shu, Internal Medicine, and Erasmus MC other
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Thyroid Hormones ,Metabolite ,Population ,Phthalic Acids ,Thyroid Gland ,Thyroid Function Tests ,thyroid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Thyroid-stimulating hormone ,Phthalates ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,GE1-350 ,Prospective Studies ,Endocrine disrupting chemicals ,education ,Child ,General Environmental Science ,Thyroid ,education.field_of_study ,phthalates ,Triiodothyronine ,business.industry ,Phthalate ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,endocrine disrupting chemicals ,Environmental sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,pregnancy ,Thyroid function ,business - Abstract
Supplementary material is available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021004207?via%3Dihub#s0080 . Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Background: The extent of thyroid disruptive effects of phthalates during pregnancy remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the association of maternal urinary phthalates with markers of the thyroid system during early pregnancy. Methods: Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4) and free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and TT3) were measured in pregnant women in early pregnancy in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (2007-ongoing), a population-based prospective cohort. Results: In the 1,996 included women, higher di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites were associated with a lower FT4 (β [SE] for the molar sum: −0.13 [0.06], P = 0.03) and a higher TSH/FT4 ratio (0.003 [0.001], P = 0.03). Higher concentrations of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) metabolites were associated with a lower TT4 (β [SE] for the molar sum: 0.93 [0.44], P = 0.03) as well as with lower TT4/FT4 and TT4/TT3 ratios. Higher metabolites of both dibutyl and butyl-benzyl phthalate (DBP and BBzP) were associated with lower T4/T3 ratio (free and total) and higher FT4/TT4 and FT3/TT3 ratios. A higher diisononyl cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DINCH) metabolite concentration was associated with a higher TT3. Conclusions: These results translate results from experimental studies suggesting that exposure to phthalates may interfere with the thyroid system during pregnancy. This is also true for compounds that have been introduced to replace known disruptive phthalates. Further experimental studies should take into account the human evidence to better investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of thyroid disruption by phthalates. This project has been supported by the Exchange in Endocrinology Expertise (3E) program of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), Section and Board of Endocrinology and the ATHENA project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, grant agreement no. 825161. The SELMA study was funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council (Formas) and the Country Council of Värmland, Sweden.
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- 2021
9. Determinants for serum half-lives for linear and branched perfluoroalkyl substances after long-term, high exposure — a study in Ronneby, Sweden
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Christian H. Lindh, Kristina Jakobsson, Tony Fletcher, Daniela Pineda, Ying Li, Yiyi Xu, and Axel Andersson
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business.industry ,Environmental health ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,business ,General Environmental Science ,Term (time) - Published
- 2021
10. Perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke
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Christian H. Lindh, Ulf de Faire, Tessa Schillemans, Agneta Åkesson, Karin Leander, Carolina Donat Vargas, and Alicja Wolk
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,medicine.disease ,Stroke ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2021
11. Glyphosate exposure and neurobehavioral outcomes in farmworkers from Zarcero County, Costa Rica
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Samuel Fuhrimann, Christian H. Lindh, Marclea Quirós Lépiz, Ana M. Mora, Andrea Farnham, Philipp Staudacher, Mirko S. Winkler, and Carly Hyland
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Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Glyphosate ,Neurotoxicity ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Animal studies have shown neurotoxic effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides. However, only a few studies have examined the neurotoxicity of glyphosate in humans. ...
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- 2021
12. Environmental pesticide concentrations in air and pregnant women’s urinary pesticide metabolites in the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA)
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Andrew Giffin, Berna van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Ernesto Peñaloza Castañeda, Jane A. Hoppin, Leonel Córdoba Gamboa, Christian H. Lindh, Clemens Ruepert, Karla Solano Díaz, and Brian J. Reich
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business.industry ,Environmental health ,Urinary system ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Pesticide ,business ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2021
13. Prenatal exposures to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals and children’s weight trajectory up to age 5.5 in the SELMA study
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Chris Gennings, Christian H. Lindh, Hannu Kiviranta, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Sverre Wikström, Katherine Svensson, and Eva M. Tanner
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Science ,Physiology ,Urine ,Endocrine Disruptors ,010501 environmental sciences ,Paediatric research ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Growth velocity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Endocrine system ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Prenatal exposure ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Asthma ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Infant ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,medicine.disease ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Risk factors ,Maternal Exposure ,Child, Preschool ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Medicine ,Body-Weight Trajectory ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain - Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may impact early growth, although information is limited on exposure to combination of multiple EDCs. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures on birthweight z-scores and childhood weight trajectories. Twenty-six proven and suspected EDCs, were analyzed in prenatal urine and blood samples from 1118 mothers participating in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and child Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. Two growth parameters were estimated from each child’s weight trajectory from birth to 5.5 years of age: infant growth spurt rate and age at infant peak growth velocity (PGV). Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to estimate the mixture effect and identify chemicals of concern. A one-unit increase in the EDC mixture WQS index, was associated with decreased birthweight z-scores of 0.11 (95% CI − 0.16, − 0.06), slower infant growth spurt rate of 0.01 (95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01, on the log10 scale), and delayed age at infant PGV of 0.15 months (95% CI 0.07, 0.24) after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analysis by sex, showed that delayed age at infant PGV was mostly observed in girls with 0.51 months (95% CI 0.26, 0.76). Identified chemicals of concern included perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), Triclosan, phthalates, non-phthalate plasticizers, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and PCBs. Prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures was associated with lower birthweight and altered infant weight gain trajectories.
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- 2021
14. Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Maria Albin, Christian H. Lindh, Per Gustavsson, Ayman Alhamdow, Håkan Tinnerberg, and Karin Broberg
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0301 basic medicine ,Leukocyte migration ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammation ,work-related ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Work related ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Heat shock protein ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,chimney sweeps ,circulating ,PAH metabolites ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,business.industry ,biomarkers ,Blood proteins ,Organ Specific Toxicology ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,inflammation ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,Interleukin 16 ,business ,Follistatin - Abstract
Chimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p
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- 2019
15. Early pregnancy serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of preeclampsia in Swedish women
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Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Huan Shu, Christian H. Lindh, and Sverre Wikström
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,Preeclampsia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Medicine ,lcsh:Science ,Sweden ,Fluorocarbons ,Fetus ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Confounding ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,030104 developmental biology ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Risk factors ,Quartile ,Maternal Exposure ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Parity (mathematics) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomedical sciences - Abstract
Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. Emerging research shows an association with environmental exposures. The present aim was to investigate associations between early pregnancy serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and preeclampsia. Within the Swedish SELMA study, eight PFAS were measured at median 10 gestational weeks and cases of preeclampsia were postnatally identified from registers. Associations between individual PFAS and preeclampsia were assessed, adjusting for parity, age, weight and smoking. Out of 1,773 women in the study group, 64 (3.6%), developed preeclampsia. A doubling of PFOS and PFNA exposure, corresponding to an inter-quartile increase, was associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia of about 38–53% respectively. Serum PFOS within the highest quartile was associated with an odds ratio of 2.68 (CI 95%: 1.17–6.12), equal to the increased risk associated with nulliparity, when compared to exposure in the first quartile. The same associations were identified, although with higher risk estimates, in analyses restricted to nulliparous women. For other PFAS, there were no associations. In conclusion and consistent with limited previous research only on PFOS, increasing serum levels of PFOS and PFNA during early pregnancy were associated with a clinically relevant risk of preeclampsia, adjusting for established confounders.
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- 2019
16. Pesticide exposure among Bolivian farmers: associations between worker protection and exposure biomarkers
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Kristian Dreij, Jessika Barrón Cuenca, Noemi Tirado, Marika Berglund, Karin Leander, Max Vikström, Ulla Stenius, and Christian H. Lindh
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Adult ,Male ,Bolivia ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Epidemiology ,Health knowledge ,030501 epidemiology ,Toxicology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Health problems ,Occupational Exposure ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pesticides ,Personal protective equipment ,Farmers ,business.industry ,Methamidophos ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Agriculture ,Hispanic or Latino ,Pesticide ,Pollution ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The use of pesticides has increased during the past decades, also increasing the risk of exposure to toxic pesticides that can cause detrimental health effects in the future. This is of special concern among farmers in low-to-middle-income countries that may lack proper training in the safe use of these chemicals. To assess the situation in Bolivia a cross-sectional study in three agricultural communities was performed (n = 297). Handling, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and pesticide exposure were assessed by a questionnaire and measurements of urinary pesticide metabolites (UPMs). Results showed that methamidophos (65%) and paraquat (52%) were the most commonly used pesticides and that 75% of the farmers combined several pesticides while spraying. Notably, only 17% of the farmers used recommended PPEs while 84% reported to have experienced symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning after spraying. UPM measurements indicated high levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids and 2,4D and that men generally were more highly exposed compared to women. Our study demonstrates that farmers who are better at following recommendations for pesticide handling and use of PPE had a significantly lower risk of having high UPM levels of most measured pesticides. Our results thus confirm the need of proper training of farmers in low-to-middle-income countries in proper protection and pesticide handling in order to reduce exposure levels and health problems.
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- 2019
17. Cancer-related proteins in serum are altered in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a cross-sectional study
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Maria Albin, Karin Broberg, Håkan Tinnerberg, Ayman Alhamdow, and Christian H. Lindh
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Proteomics ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urine ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Occupational Exposure ,medicine ,Humans ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Cancer Biomarkers and Molecular Epidemiology ,Case-control study ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,Blood Proteins ,Phenanthrene ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Blood proteins ,Neoplasm Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Case-Control Studies ,Pyrene ,Female ,Body mass index - Abstract
Exposure to some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) increases the risk of cancer and is common particularly for workers in occupations such as chimney sweeping. In exposed workers, screening of early cancer-related markers provides important information to identify individuals at risk. Here, we aimed to elucidate the associations between PAH exposure and serum levels of cancer-related proteins in 118 chimney sweeps and 126 occupationally unexposed controls, all non-smoking males from Sweden. Monoydroxylated metabolites of pyrene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]anthracene were measured in urine using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and 90 cancer-related proteins were measured in serum using a proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index, and false discovery rate (FDR) identified 17 serum proteins that were differentially expressed (16 upregulated and 1 downregulated) in chimney sweeps compared with controls (FDR < 0.05). Concentrations of the peptidase kallikrein 13 (KLK13) showed significant positive associations with urinary concentrations of the PAH metabolites 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP) [B, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.042, 0.008–0.076] and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene (3-OH-BaA) (B, 95% CI: 0.068, 0.002–0.134). Moreover, dose–response relationships were observed between KLK13 and 3-OH-BaP (trend test P = 0.027) and 3-OH-BaA (P = 0.035). Pathway and gene ontology analyses showed that cell movement, cell adhesion and cell migration were the predominant molecular functions associated with the top differentially expressed proteins. In conclusion, we found a number of putative cancer-related proteins differentially expressed in workers exposed to PAH. This warrants effective measure to reduce PAH exposure among workers as well as further investigation to confirm these findings.
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- 2019
18. Urinary Bisphenol A, F and S Levels and Semen Quality in Young Adult Danish Men
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Andreas Ernst, Gunnar Toft, Anne Gaml-Sørensen, Katia Keglberg Hærvig, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Christian H. Lindh, Thea Emily Benson, Jens Peter Bonde, Nis Brix, Karin Sørig Hougaard, and Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
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Male ,endocrine system ,Bisphenol ,Denmark ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Semen ,010501 environmental sciences ,urologic and male genital diseases ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,male fertility ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Semen quality ,0302 clinical medicine ,semen quality ,Phenols ,Pregnancy ,bisphenol ,Humans ,Medicine ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Sperm motility ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,endocrine disruptor ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sperm ,Semen Analysis ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrine disruptor ,Sperm Motility ,Female ,epidemiology ,business ,Body mass index ,Spermatogenesis ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and has been associated with deleterious effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) are structurally similar to BPA, but knowledge of their effects on male fertility remains limited. In this cross–sectional study, we investigated the associations between exposure to BPA, BPF, and BPS and semen quality in 556 men 18–20 years of age from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. A urine sample was collected from each participant for determination of BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations while a semen sample was collected to determine ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. Associations between urinary bisphenol levels (continuous and quartile–divided) and semen characteristics were estimated using a negative binomial regression model adjusting for urine creatinine concentration, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), fever, sexual abstinence time, maternal pre–pregnancy BMI, and first trimester smoking, and highest parental education during first trimester. We found no associations between urinary bisphenol of semen quality in a sample of young men from the general Danish population.
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- 2021
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19. Persistent organic pollutants and the size of ovarian reserve in reproductive-aged women
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Matteo Pedrelli, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Päivi Ruokojärvi, Richelle D. Björvang, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Hannu Kiviranta, Christian H. Lindh, Maria Stefopoulou, Panu Rantakokko, Jasmin Hassan, and Ganesh Acharya
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Infertility ,Adult ,Anti-Mullerian Hormone ,endocrine system ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Physiology ,Ovary ,010501 environmental sciences ,Anti-Müllerian hormone ,01 natural sciences ,Reproductive senescence ,Follicle ,Persistent Organic Pollutants ,Pregnancy ,Follicular phase ,medicine ,Humans ,Female fertility ,GE1-350 ,Ovarian reserve ,Ovarian Reserve ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,business.industry ,Cesarean Section ,medicine.disease ,Menopause ,Environmental sciences ,Time-to-Pregnancy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Female ,business - Abstract
Industrial chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with reduced fertility in women, including longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP), higher odds for infertility, and earlier reproductive senescence. Fertility is highly dependent on the ovarian reserve, which is composed of a prenatally determined stock of non-growing follicles. The quantity and quality of the follicles decline with age, thereby eventually leading to menopause. In the clinical setting, assessing ovarian reserve directly through the histological analysis of follicular density in ovaries is not practical. Therefore, surrogate markers of ovarian reserve, such as serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) are typically used. Here, we studied associations between chemical exposure and ovarian reserve in a cohort of pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section (n = 145) in Stockholm, Sweden. Full data (histological, clinical, serum) were available for 50 women. We estimated the size of the reserve both directly by determining the density of follicles in ovarian cortical tissue samples, and indirectly by measuring AMH in associated serum samples. Concentrations of 9 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and 9 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in serum, and clinical data were retrieved from electronic medical records. Healthy follicle densities (median 0, range 0–193 follicles/mm3) and AMH levels (median 2.33 ng/mL, range 0.1–14.8 ng/mL) varied substantially. AMH correlated with the density of growing follicles. Twenty-three chemicals detected in more than half of the samples were included in the analyses. None of the chemicals, alone or as a mixture, correlated with AMH, growing or atretic follicles. However, HCB, transnonachlor, PCBs 74 and 99 were associated with decreased non-growing follicle densities. HCB and transnonachlor were also negatively associated with healthy follicle density. Further, mixture of lipophilic POPs (PBDE 99, p,p’-DDE, and PCB 187) was associated with lower non-growing follicle densities. In addition, exposure to HCB, p,p’-DDE, and mixture of OCPs were significantly associated with higher odds of infertility. The results suggest that exposure to chemicals may reduce the size of ovarian reserve in humans, and strongly encourage to study mechanisms behind POP-associated infertility in women in more detail. (Less)
- Published
- 2021
20. Serum perfluoroalkyl substances in residents following long-term drinking water contamination from firefighting foam in Ronneby, Sweden
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Karin Engström, Kristina Jakobsson, Huiqi Li, Eva Andersson, Yiyi Xu, Christel Nielsen, Daniel S Olsson, Ying Li, Daniela Pineda, Christian H. Lindh, Tony Fletcher, and Sofia Hammarstrand
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Adult ,Male ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Adolescent ,Water contamination ,Population ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,PFOS ,Firefighting foam ,Environmental health ,Biomonitoring ,Medicine ,Humans ,Drinking water ,Cities ,education ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Sweden ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,education.field_of_study ,Fluorocarbons ,business.industry ,High serum ,PFOA ,Environmental Exposure ,Serum concentration ,Calendar period ,Contaminated water ,PFHxS ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Female ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
BACKGROUND: In December 2013, it was discovered that drinking water supplied to one third of the households in Ronneby, southern Sweden, was highly contaminated by PFAS (sum level >10,000 ng/L) originated from firefighting foams used at a nearby military airport.OBJECTIVES: To report serum PFAS levels of Ronneby residents participating in a biomonitoring program, and to describe the variation by age, sex and calendar period for residential exposure. In addition, a reference group living in a neighboring municipality without PFAS contaminated drinking water was examined.METHODS: Blood samples and demographic data were collected for 3297 Ronneby residents and 226 individuals from the reference group. Yearly residence addresses were available for 3086 Ronneby residents from the national population registry. Serum concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA were determined in all participants, with additional PFHpA, PFNA and PFDA in subsets of the participants.RESULTS: The population geometric means for serum PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA were 114, 135 and 6.8 ng/mL for all Ronneby residents, i.e.135, 35 and 4.5 times higher than for the reference group. Ronneby residents who resided in the area with contaminated water supply during 2005-2013 showed much higher PFAS levels in 2014 than those exposed only before 2005. Ronneby residents who never resided in the area with contaminated water supply also had higher serum PFAS levels than the reference group. All three PFAS were highly correlated (rs > 0.9 for each pair). Serum PFAS levels were lowest in teenage years and then increased with age. Adult females had lower PFAS levels on average than males under the age of 60 but higher above 60.DISCUSSION: The results reveal high serum PFAS levels dominated by PFHxS and PFOS in the Ronneby residents highly exposed to PFAS originated from firefighting foams. The PFAS exposure in Ronneby permits studies of associations to a range of health parameters, as well as studies of the toxicokinetics of PFAS exposure. (Less)
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- 2021
21. Mixtures of persistent organic pollutants are found in vital organs of late gestation human fetuses
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Claus Yding Andersen, Daniel Mucs, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Richelle D. Björvang, Hannu Kiviranta, Päivi Ruokojärvi, Christian H. Lindh, Linn Salto Mamsen, Sebastian Gidlöf, Marie Therese Vinnars, and Panu Rantakokko
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Male ,Placenta ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Adipose tissue ,Physiology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Persistent Organic Pollutants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pregnancy ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,Medicine ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Persistent organic pollutants ,Gestational age ,General Medicine ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Pollution ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Maternal Exposure ,embryonic structures ,Gestation ,Organochlorine pesticides ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Environmental Engineering ,Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Fetus ,Polychlorinated biphenyls ,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pesticides ,Polybrominated diphenyl ether ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pollutant ,Lung ,business.industry ,Human fetal exposure ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Polychlorinated biphenyl ,General Chemistry ,020801 environmental engineering ,Perfluoroalkyl substances ,chemistry ,business - Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are industrial chemicals with long half-lives. Early life exposure to POPs has been associated with adverse effects. Fetal exposure is typically estimated based on concentrations in maternal serum or placenta and little is known on the actual fetal exposure. We measured the concentrations of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) congeners by gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry in maternal serum, placenta, and fetal tissues (adipose tissue, liver, heart, lung and brain) in 20 pregnancies that ended in stillbirth (gestational weeks 36-41). The data were combined with our earlier data on perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the same cohort ( Mamsen et al. 2019 ). HCB, p,p’-DDE, PCB 138 and PCB 153 were quantified in all samples of maternal serum, placenta and fetal tissues. All 22 POPs were detected in all fetal adipose tissue samples, even in cases where they could not be detected in maternal serum or placenta. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly higher in later gestations, male fetuses, and pregnancies with normal placental function. OCPs showed the highest tissue:serum ratios and PFAS the lowest. The highest chemical burden was found in adipose tissue and lowest in the brain. Overall, all studied human fetuses were intrinsically exposed to mixtures of POPs. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly modified by gestational age, fetal sex and placental function. Importantly, more chemicals were detected in fetal tissues compared to maternal serum and placenta, implying that these proxy samples may provide a misleading picture of actual fetal exposures.
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- 2021
22. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of sporadic first trimester miscarriage
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Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Christian H. Lindh, Annika Lingroth Karlsson, Sverre Wikström, and Ghada Hussein
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Annan medicin och hälsovetenskap ,Epidemiology ,Science ,Birth weight ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Miscarriage ,Preeclampsia ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical research ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,Fluorocarbons ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Abortion, Spontaneous ,Pregnancy Trimester, First ,chemistry ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Maternal Exposure ,Other Medical Sciences ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Cohort ,Environmental chemistry ,Medicine ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Caprylates ,Live birth ,business - Abstract
Many first trimester sporadic miscarriages are unexplained and the role of environmental exposures is unknown. The present aim was to study if levels of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in early pregnancy are associated with unexplained, sporadic first trimester miscarriage. The study was performed within the Swedish SELMA pregnancy cohort. Seventy-eight women with non-recurrent first trimester miscarriage were included and 1449 women were available as live birth controls. Eight PFASs were measured in first trimester serum. A doubling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, corresponding to an inter-quartile increase, was associated with an odds ratio (95%CI) for miscarriage of 1.48 (1.09–2.01) when adjusting for parity, age and smoking. Analyses per quartiles of PFOA exposure indicated a monotonic dose response association with miscarriage. A similar, but not significant, pattern was observed for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). For other PFAS, there were no associations with miscarriage. We have previously shown associations between early pregnancy PFAS exposures and preeclampsia, as well as lower birth weight. Now we report an association between PFOA and miscarriage within the same cohort, which may suggest shared but unknown mechanisms. The study can only represent a period of early placentation and clinical pregnancy loss during the second half of the first trimester.
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- 2021
23. Associations between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and DNA methylation in women exposed through drinking water: A pilot study in Ronneby, Sweden
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Karin Engström, Kristina Jakobsson, Kristin Scott, Tony Fletcher, Simona Jurkovic-Mlakar, Yiyi Xu, and Christian H. Lindh
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Adult ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,In silico ,PFAS ,Estrogen receptor ,Physiology ,Pilot Projects ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Humans ,Epigenetics ,Gene ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Sweden ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Fluorocarbons ,Drinking Water ,Cancer ,Methylation ,DNA Methylation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,EPIC chip ,Environmental pollutant ,Epigenetic aging ,Toxicity ,DNA methylation ,Female ,Perfluoroalkyl substance - Abstract
Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. A potential mechanism of toxicity for PFAS is via epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. However, few studies have evaluated associations between PFAS exposure and DNA methylation among adults, and data is especially scarce for women. Furthermore, exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with epigenetic age acceleration, but no studies have yet evaluated whether PFAS is associated with epigenetic age acceleration. Objectives: To investigate whether exposure to PFAS is associated with alteration of DNA methylation and epigenetic age acceleration among women. Methods: In this observational pilot study, 59 women (aged 20–47 years at enrollment in 2014) from Ronneby, Sweden, an area with historically high PFAS exposure due to local drinking water contamination, were divided into three PFAS exposure groups (low, medium, and high). Genome-wide methylation of whole-blood DNA was analyzed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for in silico functional assessment. Epigenetic age acceleration was derived from the DNA methylation data using Horvath's epigenetic skin and blood clock. Results: 117 differentially methylated positions (q < 0.017) and one near-significantly differentially methylated region (S100A13, FWER = 0.020) were identified. In silico functional analyses suggested that genes with altered DNA methylation (q < 0.05) were annotated to cancer, endocrine system disorders, reproductive system disease, as well as pathways such as estrogen receptor signaling, cardiac hypertrophy signaling, PPARα/RXRα activation and telomerase signaling. No differences in epigenetic age acceleration between PFAS exposure groups were noted (p = 0.43). Conclusion: The data suggests that PFAS exposure alters DNA methylation in women highly exposed to PFAS from drinking water. The observed associations should be verified in larger cohorts, and it should also be further investigated whether these changes in methylation also underlie potential phenotypic changes and/or adverse health effects of PFAS. (Less)
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- 2020
24. Manganese and lead exposure and thyroid hormones during pregnancy in the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA) in Costa Rica
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Christian H. Lindh, B. van Wendel de Joode, E. Rietz Liljedahl, J.E. Peñaloza Castañeda, A. Corrales Vargas, Donald R. Smith, José A. Menezes-Filho, A. Mora, and Donna Mergler
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Pregnancy ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Thyroid hormones ,Lead exposure ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Manganese ,business ,medicine.disease ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2020
25. Insecticide and fungicide exposure and neurodevelopment in preschool children from the Infant’s Environmental Health Study (ISA)
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L. Córdoba Gamboa, Christian H. Lindh, J. Mora Benamburgo, Brenda Eskenazi, J.E. Peñaloza Castañeda, A. Mora Mora, B. van Wendel de Joode, and M. Padilla Mora
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Fungicide ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,business ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2020
26. A Probabilistic Approach to Evaluate the Risk of Decreased Total Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels following Chronic Exposure to PFOS and PFHxS via Contaminated Drinking Water
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Kristina Jakobsson, Kristin Scott, Antero Vieira Silva, Christian H. Lindh, Joakim Ringblom, and Mattias Öberg
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Chronic exposure ,Adult ,Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Review ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,Fluorocarbons ,Triiodothyronine ,business.industry ,Drinking Water ,Water Pollution ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental Exposure ,Contamination ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Female ,Sulfonic Acids ,business ,Risk assessment ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: Extensive exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been observed in many countries. Current deterministic frameworks for risk assessment lack the ability to predict the likelihood of effects and to assess uncertainty. When exposure exceeds tolerable intake levels, these shortcomings hamper risk management and communication. Objective: The integrated probabilistic risk assessment (IPRA) combines dose-response and exposure data to estimate the likelihood of adverse effects. We evaluated the usefulness of the IPRA for risk characterization related to decreased levels of total triiodothyronine (T3) in humans following a real case of high exposure to PFAS via drinking water. Methods: PFAS exposure was defined as serum levels from residents of a contaminated area in Ronneby, Sweden. Median levels were 270 ng/mL [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)] and 229 ng/mL [perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)] for individuals who resided in Ronneby 1 y before the exposure termination. This data was integrated with data from a subchronic toxicity study in monkeys exposed daily to PFOS. Benchmark dose modeling was employed to describe separate dose–effect relationship for males and females, and extrapolation factor distributions were used to estimate the corresponding human benchmark dose. The critical effect level was defined as a 10% decrease in total T3. Results: The median probability of critical exposure, following a combined exposure to PFOS and PFHxS, was estimated to be [2.1% (90% CI: 0.4%–13.1%)]. Gender-based analysis showed that this risk was almost entirely distributed among women, namely [3.9% (90% CI: 0.8%–21.6%)]. Discussion: The IPRA was compared with the traditional deterministic Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach. We conclude that probabilistic risk characterization represents an important step forward in the ability to adequately analyze group-specific health risks. Moreover, quantifying the sources of uncertainty is desirable, as it improves the awareness among stakeholders and will guide future efforts to improve accuracy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6654
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- 2020
27. Pregnancy-induced changes in serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and the influence of kidney function
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Christian H. Lindh, Ying Li, Agneta Holmäng, Ulf Ekström, Kristina Jakobsson, Yiyi Xu, Christel Nielsen, and Ulrika Andersson Hall
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Glomerular filtration rate, glomerular pore size ,Adult ,Time Factors ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Renal function ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Kidney ,Kidney Function Tests ,01 natural sciences ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:RC963-969 ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,Creatinine ,Fluorocarbons ,biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Gestational diabetes ,Perfluorooctane ,Perfluoroalkyl substances ,chemistry ,Cystatin C ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,sense organs ,business ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
Background Epidemiological associations between maternal concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and birth weight are inconsistent. There is concern that studies based on samples collected in late pregnancy may be confounded by kidney function but studies of the relation between pregnancy-induced changes in PFAS and kidney function are lacking. Our aims were to investigate changes in serum concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) from early to late pregnancy and to explore relations to changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular pore size. Methods We conducted the study in a cohort of 73 pregnancies of normal-weight Swedish women without gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, enrolled 2009–2014. Blood was collected in median weeks 11 and 36, respectively, and analysed PFAS using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry. We estimated GFR based on creatinine and cystatin C and used the ratio eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine to indicate glomerular pore size. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare early and late measures and partial Spearman rank correlations to explore relations between changes in PFAS and kidney function. Results Median concentrations of PFNA, PFOA and PFOS decreased by 15–21% but changes were uncorrelated to changes in kidney function (partial R = − 0.06–0.11). The observed increase in median PFHxS concentration of 69% was likely an artefact of systematic measurement error caused by coeluting endogenous inferences. Conclusions Serum concentrations of PFNA, PFOA and PFOS decrease during pregnancy but the magnitudes of change are unrelated to parallel changes in eGFR and glomerular pore size, suggesting that changes in these indicators of kidney function are not important confounders in studies of PFAS and birth weight in pregnancies without gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
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- 2020
28. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Early Pregnancy and Risk for Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Southern Sweden
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Christian H. Lindh, Stefan R. Hansson, Lars Rylander, Karin Källén, and Karin Broberg
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,PFNA ,Population ,PFAS ,010501 environmental sciences ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Preeclampsia ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,preeclampsia ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,PFOA ,PFOS ,PFHxS ,biobank ,register ,Sweden ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Chemical Health and Safety ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,Perfluorooctane ,chemistry ,Quartile ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,business - Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most common causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity/mortality. One suggested environmental risk factor is exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The present case-control study in southern Sweden aims to investigate the hypothesized association between serum concentrations of PFAS in early pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia. The study included 296 women diagnosed with preeclampsia (cases) and 580 healthy pregnant women (controls). Maternal serum samples were obtained from a biobank of samples collected in early pregnancy in connection with screening for infections. Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Among primiparous women, there were no differences in PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy between the cases and the controls whereas among multipara women, the cases had significantly higher concentrations of PFNA (median concentrations were 0.44 and 0.38 ng/mL, p = 0.04). When individual PFAS were categorized into quartiles and adjustment for potential confounders was performed, the women in the highest quartiles had no significant increased risks of developing preeclampsia as compared with women in the lowest category. In conclusion, the present study provides limited support for the hypothesized association between PFAS and preeclampsia in a population with relatively low exposure levels.
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- 2020
29. Associations between perfluoroalkyl substances and serum lipids in a Swedish adult population with contaminated drinking water
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Daniela Pineda, Lars Barregard, Kristina Jakobsson, Christian H. Lindh, Yiyi Xu, Ying Li, Kristin Scott, and Tony Fletcher
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Male ,Serum ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Water contamination ,Adult population ,Blood lipids ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Water Quality ,Medicine ,Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Fluorocarbons ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Middle Aged ,Contamination ,Lipids ,Cholesterol ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Female ,Caprylates ,Adult ,Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) ,Population ,Young Adult ,lcsh:RC963-969 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Serum lipids ,Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,business.industry ,Drinking Water ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,chemistry ,Causal association ,Sulfonic Acids ,Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Background Exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have shown positive associations with serum lipids in previous studies. While many studies on lipids investigated associations with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), there are only a few studies regarding other PFAS, such as perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). The purpose of the current study is to investigate if associations with serum lipids were present, not only for serum PFOS and PFOA, but also for PFHxS, and if the associations with PFAS remained also in a comparison based only on residency in areas with contrasting exposure to PFAS. Methods 1945 adults aged 20–60 were included from Ronneby, Sweden, a municipality where one out of two waterworks had been heavily contaminated from aqueous fire-fighting foams, and from a nearby control area. The exposure was categorized based on either been living in areas with contrasting PFAS exposure or based on the actual serum PFAS measurements. Regression analyses of serum lipids were fitted against serum PFAS levels, percentile groups, smooth splines and between exposed and reference areas, adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Results Drinking water contamination caused high serum levels of PFOS (median 157 ng/ml) and PFHxS (median 136 ng/ml) and PFOA (median 8.6 ng/ml). These serum PFAS levels in the exposed groups were 5 to 100-fold higher than in the controls. In this population with mixed PFAS exposure, predominantly PFOS and PFHxS, PFAS exposure were positively associated with serum lipids. This was observed both when quantifying exposure as contrast between exposed and controls, and in terms of serum PFAS. Due to high correlations between each PFAS, we cannot separate them. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study provides further evidence of a causal association between PFAS and serum lipids, especially for PFHxS.
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- 2020
30. Persistent organic pollutants, pre-pregnancy use of combined oral contraceptives, age, and time-to-pregnancy in the SELMA cohort
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Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Chris Gennings, Christian H. Lindh, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Panu Rantakokko, Ghada Hussein, P. Ruokojarvi, Hannu Kiviranta, Richelle D. Björvang, and Ping-I Lin
- Subjects
Adult ,Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time-to-pregnancy ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fertility ,Logistic regression ,Cohort Studies ,lcsh:RC963-969 ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polychlorobiphenyls ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass index ,Organochlorinated pesticides ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,Sweden ,0303 health sciences ,Pregnancy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Fecundability ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Research ,Persistent organic pollutants ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Contraceptives, Oral, Combined ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,Brominated diphenyl ethers ,Cohort ,lcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,Combined oral contraceptives ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Cotinine ,business - Abstract
Background We are exposed to several chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our everyday lives. Prior evidence has suggested that POPs may have adverse effects on reproductive function by disrupting hormone synthesis and metabolism. While there is age-related decline of fertility, the use of hormonal combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and its association to return of fertility remains controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate the association between exposure to POPs, both individually and as a mixture, and fecundability measured as time-to-pregnancy (TTP) according to pre-pregnancy use of COCs and age. Methods Using the SELMA (Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Allergy and Asthma) study, we have identified 818 pregnant women aged 18–43 years (mean 29 years) with data on how long they tried to get pregnant and what was their most recently used contraceptive method. These data were collected at enrollment to the study (median week 10 of pregnancy). Concentrations of 22 POPs and cotinine were analyzed in the blood samples collected at the same time as the questions on TTP and pre-pregnancy use of contraceptive. Analyses were done on the association between POPs exposure and TTP measured as continuous (months) and binary (infertile for those with TTP > 12 months). To study the chemicals individually, Cox regression and logistic regression were used to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to investigate the chemicals as a mixture where chemicals of concern were identified above the 7.6% threshold of equal weights. To perform the subgroup analysis, we stratified the sample according to use of COCs as the most recent pre-pregnancy contraception method and age ( Results Prior to stratification, none of the POPs were associated with fecundability while increased exposure to HCB, PCB 74 and 118 had higher odds of infertility. Upon stratification, POP exposure was significantly associated with longer TTP in women aged ≥29 years who did not use COC. Specifically, PCBs 156, 180, 183, and 187 were associated with reduced fecundability while PCBs 99, 153, 156, 180, 183, and 187 had higher odds of infertility. As a mixture, we identified the chemicals of concern for a longer TTP include PCBs 118, 156, 183, and 187. Moreover, chemicals of concern identified with increased odds of infertility were PCB 74, 156, 183, 187, and transnonachlor. Conclusion Serum concentrations of selected POPs, both as individual chemicals and as a mixture, were significantly associated with lower fecundability and increased odds of infertility in women aged 29 years and above not using COC as their most recent pre-pregnancy contraceptive. Our findings suggest that pre-pregnancy use of oral contraceptive and age may modify the link between POPs and fecundability. The differences of specific chemicals in the individual analysis and as a mixture support the need to study combination effects of chemicals when evaluating reproductive outcomes.
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- 2020
31. Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study
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Jonatan, Axelsson, Kristin, Scott, Joakim, Dillner, Christian H, Lindh, He, Zhang, Lars, Rylander, and Anna, Rignell-Hydbom
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Adult ,Male ,Insecticides ,Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ,Maternal Health ,Science ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Geographical locations ,Ddt ,Pregnancy ,Cryptorchidism ,Hexachlorobenzene ,Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Congenital Disorders ,Morphogenesis ,Humans ,Birth Defects ,European Union ,Sweden ,Organic Compounds ,Organic Chemistry ,Infant, Newborn ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Agriculture ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,United States ,Europe ,Chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,Research Design ,Case-Control Studies ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Physical Sciences ,North America ,Women's Health ,Medicine ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,People and places ,Agrochemicals ,Research Article ,Developmental Biology ,Ethers - Abstract
BackgroundMaldescended testes or cryptorchidism is a genital birth defect that affects 2-9% of all male new-borns. Over the last 40 years there have been reports of increased prevalence in countries like the US, the UK and the Scandinavian countries. This possible increase has in some studies been linked to a foetal exposure to chemical pollutants. In this matched case-control study, we analysed maternal serum samples in early pregnancy for three different organochlorine compounds, to investigate whether the levels were associated with the risk of cryptorchidism.MethodMaternal serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy from 165 cases (boys born with cryptorchidism) and 165 controls, matched for birth year and maternal age, parity and smoking habits during the pregnancy, were retrieved from the Southern Sweden Maternity Biobank. The samples were analysed for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Associations between exposure and cryptorchidism were evaluated by conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe found no statistically significantly associations between exposure to these compounds and cryptorchidism, either when the exposure variables were used as a continuous variable, or when the exposure levels were divided in quartiles.ConclusionWe found no evidence of an association between maternal levels of PCB-153, p,p'-DDE or HCB during the pregnancy and the risk of having cryptorchidism in the sons.
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- 2020
32. Contrasting prenatal nutrition and environmental exposures in association with birth weight and cognitive function in children at 7 years
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Christian H. Lindh, Alicja Wolk, Chris Gennings, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, and Niclas Håkansson
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Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,Health (social science) ,RC620-627 ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Offspring ,Birth weight ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Medical and Health Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,nutrition assessment ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,cognitive performance ,Original Research ,0303 health sciences ,Pregnancy ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Prenatal nutrition ,business.industry ,Cognition ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Micronutrient ,medicine.disease ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Cohort ,business - Abstract
BackgroundGood nutrition is essential for individual health, a notion that is particularly true during pregnancy. We have used a nutrition index that measures the adequacy of one’s diet relative to the unique nutritional needs of individuals due to, for example, their activity level, dietary restrictions, lifestyle and body size. The use of this personalised metric of dietary nutritiousness in the analysis of prenatal environmental exposures and developmental outcomes permits testing for potential mitigating effects of good nutrition. We also provide an analysis strategy for investigating the balance in beneficial food sources which are also the source of environmental toxicants.MethodsA holistic measure of nutrition, My Nutrition Index (MNI), measures the nutrient quality (ie, ‘nutritiousness’) of a specified daily diet. MNI is calculated based on quantification of dozens of macronutrients and micronutrients that are specific to an individual’s nutritional needs by incorporating dietary restrictions, subject characteristics, activity level and health behaviours. The Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy Study is a Swedish pregnancy cohort, with prenatal endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure and dietary data available. This makes it possible to test for the potential mitigating effects of good nutrition on health and development effects in offspring from EDCs.ResultsUsing prenatal Food Frequency Questionnaire data to construct an individual’s MNI, the index was significantly and positively associated with important metabolic outcome (as measured by birth weight) and cognitive function at age 7 years (as measured by WISC IQ) in children when adjusted for covariates and prenatal concentrations of an EDC. In a stratified analysis of ‘low’ and ‘high’ fish consumption, a potential source of perfluoro-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), the association between PFOS and birth weight was diminished in the high consumption group compared with the low consumption group.ConclusionsThus, MNI is evidently a metric of the general nutritiousness of daily diets and is useful in environmental health studies in representing the impact of good nutrition, even during pregnancy.
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- 2020
33. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy has limited effect on infant birthweight and umbilical vein endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Pal B. Szecsi, Malene Rohr Andersen, Katrine K. Hedengran, Niels Uldbjerg, Steen Stender, and Christian H. Lindh
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Adult ,Umbilical Veins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/blood ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ,Tobacco smoke ,Umbilical vein ,Nicotine ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Enos ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Maternal Exposure/adverse effects ,Fetus ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,biology.protein ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,Female ,business ,Cotinine ,Biomarkers ,Biomarkers/blood ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Women who smoke, deliver significantly smaller infants. These infants have reduced levels of the vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the umbilical vessels, which may reduce fetal growth. Serum cotinine, the degradation product of nicotine, can be used to determine the level of tobacco exposure. Newborns of environmental smokers are suggested to be smaller and shorter in weight, length, and head circumference. eNOS levels have not yet been studied in these infants. We investigated the existence of a relation between maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, eNOS activity, concentration, and birthweight. Material and methods: We included 263 healthy singleton pregnancies categorized into three groups according to measured cotinine levels: 175 nonsmokers, 38 smokers, and 50 environmental smokers. Cotinine was quantified by mass spectrometry with a detection limit of.2 ng/mL; eNOS activity and concentration were measured in endothelial cells (ECs) of the umbilical vein. Results: Infants born to environmental smokers had similar weights to infants born to nonsmokers (47 g heavier, P =.48). Cotinine concentrations were.06/.09/.12 ng/mL (quartiles) in infants born to nonsmokers,.27/.37/.81 ng/mL in infants born to women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and 43.0/63.8/108.1 ng/mL in infants born to smokers. The eNOS concentration was 1.65 ±.92 ng/10 6 ECs (mean ± SD) in nonsmokers and 1.71 ± 1.00 ng/10 6 ECs in environmental smokers. The eNOS activity was 52.0 ± 20.6 pmol l-citrulline/min/10 6 ECs in nonsmokers and 48.7 ± 19.8 pmol l-citrulline/min/10 6 ECs in environmental smokers. Conclusions: Infants born to environmental smokers, as judged by umbilical serum cotinine levels close to.2 ng/mL, are not associated with lower birthweight or reduced eNOS activity, or concentration in the fetal vascular bed.
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- 2018
34. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and child behaviour at 5 to 9 years of age
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Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Christian H. Lindh, Jens Peter Bonde, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Henning S. Pedersen, Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg, and Gunnar Toft
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Child Behavior ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Child Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Prenatal exposure ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Perfluoroheptanoic acid ,Fluorocarbons ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,chemistry ,Heptanoic Acids ,Child, Preschool ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Female ,business ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Child behaviour ,Cohort study - Abstract
We examined associations between prenatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanic acid (PFDA) - and child behaviour (SDQ-total) and hyperactivity (sub-scale) at 5-9years of age in birth cohorts from Greenland and Ukraine. Pregnancy serum samples (N=1023) were analysed for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and categorized into tertiles and also used as continuous exposure variables. Problem behaviour and hyperactivity were assessed, using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and categorized as normal/borderline and abnormal. Associations were analysed using multiple logistic and linear regression. High compared to low prenatal PFHxS exposure was associated with 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08; 2.25) point higher SDQ-total (more problem behaviour) in Greenland and 0.80 (CI: 0.06; 1.54) point higher SDQ-total in the combined analyses, whereas no association was present in Ukraine alone. One natural log-unit increase in prenatal PFNA exposure was associated with 0.90 (CI: 0.10; 1.71) points higher SDQ-total in Greenland and 0.72 (CI: 0.13; 1.31) points higher in the combined analysis and no association in Ukraine. Prenatal PFAS exposure was unrelated to problem behaviour (abnormal SDQ-total). In the combined analysis, odds ratio (OR) (CI) for hyperactivity was 1.8 (1.0; 3.2) for one natural log-unit increase in prenatal PFNA and 1.7 (1.0; 3.1) for one natural log-unit increase in prenatal PFDA exposure. Findings are compatible with weak effects on child behaviour of prenatal exposure to some PFASs although spurious results are not entirely unlikely. The associations were strongest in Greenland.
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- 2018
35. Prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with croup in Swedish infants
- Author
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Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Eewa Nånberg, Åke Svensson, Huan Shu, Sverre Wikström, Christian H. Lindh, and Bo A.G. Jönsson
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Offspring ,Phthalic Acids ,Urine ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Respiratory Sounds ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sweden ,Croup ,Creatinine ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Phthalate ,Infant ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Otitis Media ,Otitis ,chemistry ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Aim: This study examined whether prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with lower or upper airway inflammation in infants. Methods: From 2007 to 2010, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, adjusted for creatinine, to analyse 14 phthalate metabolites and one phthalate replacement in the urine of 1062 Swedish mothers at a median of 10 weeks of pregnancy. This was used to determine any associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and croup, wheezing or otitis in their offspring until 12 months of age, using logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: There were significant associations between phthalate metabolites of butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) concentrations in maternal prenatal urine and croup in 1062 infants during the first year of life, when adjusted for potential confounders. A dose-response relationship was found between prenatal phthalates exposure and maternal reported croup in the children, with a significant association in boys. There was no clear indication with regard to associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and wheezing or otitis media in the children during the first year of life. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that exposure to BBzP and DEHP phthalates was associated with maternal reports of croup in infants up to 12 months of age. (Less)
- Published
- 2018
36. Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and one phthalate substitute with anthropometric measures in early life: Results from the German LIFE Child cohort study
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Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Wieland Kiess, Matthias Nüchter, Christian H. Lindh, Anna Krönke, Hannu Kiviranta, Nathalie Nidens, Anne Jurkutat, Antje Körner, Mandy Vogel, Maike Schlingmann, and Tanja Poulain
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Birth weight ,Phthalic Acids ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Pregnancy ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Prenatal exposure ,business.industry ,Phthalate ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Early life ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain ,Cohort study - Abstract
Exposure to phthalates is widespread and especially early life stages represent a critical window of exposure. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on birth outcomes and weight development in early life. In 130 mother-child pairs, we estimated the association of concentrations of 13 phthalates in spot-urine samples collected during pregnancy and birth outcomes and weight gain in the first two years of life using robust linear regression. High molecular weight phthalates were inversely associated with birth weight in girls but not in boys. Thus, prenatal exposure to phthalates may affect birth weight in a sex-specific manner.
- Published
- 2021
37. Low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with reduced lung function among Swedish young adults
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Annette M. Krais, Craig E. Wheelock, Antonios Georgelis, Niklas Andersson, Anna Bergström, Erik Melén, Sandra Ekström, Yona J. Essig, Inger Kull, Jenny Hallberg, Marika Berglund, Ayman Alhamdow, Anna Zettergren, and Christian H. Lindh
- Subjects
Adult ,Spirometry ,Urinary system ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,FEV1/FVC ratio ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Humans ,Medicine ,Clinical significance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Young adult ,Lung ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Asthma ,Sweden ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Environmental exposure ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Exhaled nitric oxide ,business ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been linked to adverse pulmonary effects. However, the impact of low-level environmental PAH exposure on lung function in early adulthood remains uncertain.To evaluate the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function parameters in young adults.Urinary metabolites of pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluorene were analysed in 1000 young adults from Sweden (age 22-25 years) using LC-MS/MS. Lung function and eosinophilic airway inflammation were measured by spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO), respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between PAH metabolites and the outcomes.Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-pyrene, ∑OH-phenanthrene, and ∑OH-fluorene were 0.066, 0.36, 0.22 μg/L, respectively. We found inverse associations of ∑OH-phenanthrene and ∑OH-fluorene with FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC ratio (adjusted P 0.05; all participants). An increase of 1% in ∑OH-fluorene was associated with a decrease of 73 mL in FEV1 and 59 mL in FVC. In addition, ∑OH-phenanthrene concentrations were, in a dose-response manner, inversely associated with FEV1 (B from -109 to -48 compared with the lowest quartile of ∑OH-phenanthrene; p trend 0.004) and FVC (B from -159 to -102 compared with lowest quartile; p-trend0.001). Similar dose-response associations were also observed between ∑OH-fluorene and FEV1 and FVC, as well as between 1-OH-pyrene and FEV1/FVC (p-trend0.05). There was no association between PAH exposure and FeNO, nor was there an interaction with smoking, sex, or asthma.Low-level PAH exposure was, in a dose-response manner, associated with reduced lung function in young adults. Our findings have public health implications due to i) the widespread occurrence of PAHs in the environment and ii) the clinical relevance of lung function in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.
- Published
- 2021
38. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and cognitive function in children at 7 years of age in the Swedish SELMA study
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Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Sverre Wikström, Joëlle Rüegg, Eva M. Tanner, Chris Gennings, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Elin Engdahl, and Christian H. Lindh
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Pharmacology and Toxicology ,Bisphenols ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,Cognition ,Phenols ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal exposure ,medicine ,Humans ,Verbal comprehension ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Child ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Asthma ,Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ,Sweden ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Prenatal exposu r e ,Intelligence quotient ,business.industry ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,BPF ,Farmakologi och toxikologi ,medicine.disease ,BPA ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Perceptual reasoning ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,BPS ,Gestation ,Female ,Cognitive function ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Background: Experimental evidence demonstrates that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), and the recently intro-duced alternatives bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) alter normal neurodevelopment. More research is needed to evaluate the associations between exposure to individual BPA alternatives and neurodevelopmental outcomes in humans. Objective: The present study aimed at examining the individual associations between prenatal BPA , BPS and BPF exposure and cognitive outcomes in children at age 7 years. Method: Women were enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Al-lergy (SELMA) study, at gestational median week 10.0, and their children were examined for cognitive function at 7 years of age (N = 803). Maternal urina r y BPA , BPS, and BPF concentrations were measured at enrollment and children?s cognitive function at the age of 7 years was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV). Results: A l l three bisphenols were detected in over 90% of the women, where BPA had the highest geometric mean concentrations (1.55 ng/mL), followed by BPF (0.16 ng/mL) and BPS (0.07 ng/mL). Prenatal BPF exposure was associated with decreased f u l l scale IQ (13 =-1.96, 95%CI;-3.12;-0.80), as we l l as with a decrease in a l l four sub scales covering verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memor y and processing speed. This association corresponded to a 1.6-point lower IQ score for an inter-quartile-range (IQR) change in prenatal BPF exposure (IQR = 0.054 & ndash;0.350 ng/mL). In sex-stratified analyses, significant associations with f u l l scale IQ were found for boys (13 = - 2.86, 95%CI;-4.54;-1.18), while the associations for girls did not reach significance (13 =-1.38, 95%CI;-2.97; 0.22). No significant associations between BPA nor BPS and cognition were found. Discussion: Prenatal exposure to BPF was significantly associated with children?s cognitive function at 7 years. Since BPF is replacing BPA in numerous consumer products globally, this finding urgently ca l l for further studies.
- Published
- 2021
39. Real time mass spectrometric analysis of biomarkers in exhaled breath after exposure to an irritant
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Jörn Nielsen, Eva Assarsson, Veronica Ideböhn, Christian H. Lindh, Patrik Nilsson, Thomas Holst, Annette M. Krais, Jonas Jakobsson, Anders Gudmundsson, Jakob Löndahl, Karin Lovén, and Madeleine Petersson-Sjögren
- Subjects
Spirometry ,Lung ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Early detection ,Time resolution ,medicine.disease ,Mass spectrometric ,Preliminary analysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,business ,Respiratory tract ,Asthma - Abstract
Approximately 16 % of adult onset asthma is caused by occupational exposure. The need for early detection of irritant caused asthma is key in treating and preventing the progression of the disease. The aim of the work was to investigate if exposure to irritants cause change in gas composition in exhaled breath, the “exhalome”. We studied 15 female hairdressers exposed to a controlled dose of aerosolized bleach powder in a sealed climate chamber. The subjects’ self-reported symptoms, spirometry and gas components were monitored. The exhalome was collected for breath holding times of 2 and 10 seconds from central (400 ml) and peripheral lung (1500 ml), once prior to and twice after exposure. Thus, subjects were their own controls. The composition of the gas was analyzed using a Proton Transfer Reaction – Time of Flight – Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) where volatile organic compounds of mass up to 253 atomic mass units are identified with high time resolution. Preliminary analysis of the data shows a variation of the concentrations of the different gases in exhalome over the course of the day and that levels of isoprene and acetone are higher for longer breath holding time. More analysis is needed to evaluate if the technique is able to detect differences in the exhalome caused by the exposure. Detailed information on the relationships between the exhalome and inflammation processes in the respiratory tract induced by irritants is also required. This may contribute to a deeper understanding of asthma. In the future a PTR-ToF-MS could potentially be used as a real-time non-invasive tool for early detection asthma in exposed workers.
- Published
- 2019
40. Bisphenol A in human saliva and urine before and after treatment with dental polymer-based restorative materials
- Author
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Stein Atle Lie, Lars Björkman, Trine Lise Lundekvam Berge, Gunvor Bentung Lygre, and Christian H. Lindh
- Subjects
Male ,Bisphenol A ,Saliva ,endocrine system ,Polymers ,resin‐based material ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0206 medical engineering ,Dentistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Urine ,composite filling ,Mixed effects regression ,exposure to BPA ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dental Materials ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Phenols ,Statistical analyses ,Medicine ,Humans ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,General Dentistry ,saliva ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,030206 dentistry ,Original Articles ,020601 biomedical engineering ,urine ,stomatognathic diseases ,chemistry ,Restorative material ,Female ,Original Article ,business ,Dental restoration ,After treatment ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in saliva and urine before and after treatment with dental polymer-based restorative materials to assess if placement of this material is associated with increased BPA levels in saliva and urine. Twenty individuals in need of at least one dental restoration with polymer-based restorative material were included in this study. The participants were instructed to abstain from eating, drinking, and brushing their teeth for at least 10 h prior to sampling. Saliva and urine were collected before and 10 min (saliva only), 1 h, 24 h, and 1 wk after treatment. Samples were stored at 80°C before analyses. BPA in saliva and urine was determined with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Linear mixed effects regression models were used for statistical analyses. There was a statistically significant increase of salivary BPA concentration directly after placement of the dental polymer-based restorations. Following placement, the concentration of BPA decreased exponentially with time. One week after treatment the BPA level in saliva was only marginally higher than before treatment. In urine, no statistically significant change of the BPA concentration was detected after treatment. publishedVersion
- Published
- 2019
41. Caregiving and infants' neurodevelopment in rural Costa Rica: results from the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA)
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Christine Till, Juan Camilo Cano, José A. Menezes-Filho, Donald R. Smith, Rivka Green, Ameeta Dudani, Christian H. Lindh, Lourdes Schnaas, Berna van Wendel de Joode, and Leonel Córdoba
- Subjects
Male ,Rural Population ,NEUROLOGIA PEDIATRICA ,DESARROLLO INFANTIL ,MANGANESO ,CHILDREN ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Toxicology ,PESTICIDES MANGANESE ,Bayley Scales of Infant Development ,CRIANÇAS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Child Development ,PLAGUICIDAS ,PESTICIDAS ,Medicine ,CHILDREN RAISING ,NEUROLOGIA PEDIÁTRICA ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,General Neuroscience ,Manganese Poisoning ,Confounding ,CRIANZA DE NIÑOS ,Resilience, Psychological ,NIÑOS ,DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL ,Scale (social sciences) ,Child, Preschool ,PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY ,Maneb ,CRIANDO CRIANÇAS ,Female ,Psychological resilience ,Environmental Health ,Adult ,Costa Rica ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mothers ,Environment ,Language Development ,CHILD DEVELOPMENT ,MANGANÊS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Toddler ,Pesticides ,030304 developmental biology ,Zineb ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Environmental Exposure ,Child development ,Fungicides, Industrial ,Infant Care ,Observational study ,Expressive communication ability ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Documento aceptado para publicación, no es la versión final publicada Programa Infantes y Salud Ambiental Programa ISA Infant´s Environmental Health Study Infant´s Environmental Health Program Early caregiving is one of the strongest influences on children's development, and among the most significant modifiable environmental factor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between quality of caregiver-infant interactions and neurodevelopment of infants living in banana-growing communities in rural Costa Rica characterized as having environmental toxic exposures. Home visits were conducted with 94 caregiver-infant dyads from the Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA), living within Matina county, Limón province. One-year infant neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development®, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Quality of caregiver-infant interaction was assessed with a standardized observational task: Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Teaching scale (NCATS) at around two years of age. Multiple regression analyses examined associations between components of caregiver-infant interactions and neurodevelopmental outcomes, adjusting for mancozeb and manganese exposure and other potential confounders. Compared to NCATS normative data for U.S. Hispanic mothers, 35% of the sample had overall caregiving interaction scores ≤10th percentile cut-off, indicating less than optimal interactions. Higher quality of caregiver-infant interaction was associated with higher expressive communication ability in infants [ß = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06)], controlling for pesticide exposure and confounders. Aspects of caregiving such as stimulation and growth-fostering of infants were most strongly associated with language outcomes. Results suggest an association between positive caregiving on language development for infants living in a rural agricultural area in Costa Rica, and highlight aspects of caregiving that could be targeted to improve resilience of these children who live in vulnerable conditions El cuidado temprano es una de las influencias más fuertes en el desarrollo de los niños y uno de los factores ambientales modificables más importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la asociación entre la calidad de las interacciones cuidador-bebé y el desarrollo neurológico de los bebés que viven en comunidades bananeras en las zonas rurales de Costa Rica caracterizadas por tener exposiciones tóxicas ambientales. Se realizaron visitas domiciliarias a 94 díadas de cuidadores-lactantes del Estudio de Salud Ambiental Infantil (ISA), residentes en el condado de Matina, provincia de Limón. Los resultados del desarrollo neurológico infantil de un año se evaluaron utilizando las Escalas de Bayley de Desarrollo Infantil y Infantil®, Tercera Edición (Bayley-III). La calidad de la interacción entre el cuidador y el bebé se evaluó con una tarea de observación estandarizada: la escala de enseñanza de capacitación satelital de evaluación del niño en enfermería (NCATS) alrededor de los dos años de edad. Los análisis de regresión múltiple examinaron las asociaciones entre los componentes de las interacciones entre el cuidador y el bebé y los resultados del desarrollo neurológico, ajustando la exposición al mancozeb y al manganeso y otros posibles factores de confusión. En comparación con los datos normativos de NCATS para las madres hispanas de EE. UU., El 35% de la muestra tuvo puntuaciones generales de interacción con el cuidador ≤ un punto de corte del percentil 10, lo que indica interacciones menos que óptimas. La mayor calidad de la interacción entre el cuidador y el bebé se asoció con una mayor capacidad de comunicación expresiva en los bebés [ß = 0.03 (IC del 95%: 0.01, 0.06)], controlando la exposición a pesticidas y los factores de confusión. Los aspectos de la prestación de cuidados, como la estimulación y el fomento del crecimiento de los bebés, se asociaron más fuertemente con los resultados del lenguaje. Los resultados sugieren una asociación entre el cuidado positivo en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los bebés que viven en un área agrícola rural en Costa Rica y destacan aspectos del cuidado que podrían tener como objetivo mejorar la resiliencia de estos niños que viven en condiciones vulnerables. O cuidado precoce é uma das influências mais fortes no desenvolvimento das crianças e um dos fatores ambientais modificáveis mais importantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a associação entre a qualidade das interações cuidador-bebê e o desenvolvimento neurológico de bebês que vivem em comunidades bananeiras em áreas rurais da Costa Rica caracterizadas por apresentarem exposições ambientais tóxicas. Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares a 94 díades infantis-cuidadores do Estudo de Saúde Ambiental Infantil (ISA), residentes no município de Matina, província de Limón. Os resultados do neurodesenvolvimento infantil em um ano foram avaliados usando as escalas Bayley of Infant and Toddler Development®, Terceira edição (Bayley-III). A qualidade da interação entre o cuidador e o bebê foi avaliada por meio de uma tarefa de observação padronizada: a Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Teaching Scale (NCATS) por volta dos dois anos de idade. As análises de regressão múltipla examinaram as associações entre os componentes das interações cuidador-bebê e os resultados do neurodesenvolvimento, ajustando para exposições a mancozebe e manganês e outros fatores de confusão em potencial. Em comparação com os dados normativos do NCATS para mães hispânicas nos Estados Unidos, 35% da amostra teve pontuações gerais de interação com o cuidador ≤ um ponto de corte do 10º percentil, indicando interações abaixo do ideal. A maior qualidade da interação cuidador-bebê foi associada a uma maior capacidade de comunicação expressiva em bebês [ß = 0,03 (IC 95%: 0,01, 0,06)], controlando a exposição a pesticidas e fatores de confusão. Aspectos de cuidado, como estimulação e promoção do crescimento de bebês, foram mais fortemente associados aos resultados de linguagem. Os resultados sugerem uma associação entre o cuidado positivo no desenvolvimento da linguagem de bebês que vivem em uma área rural agrícola na Costa Rica e destacam aspectos do cuidado que podem ter como objetivo melhorar a resiliência dessas crianças que vivem em condições de vulnerabilidade. York University, Canada Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Federal University of Bahia, Brazil National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico University of California, United States Lund University, Sweden Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas
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- 2019
42. Exposure to Pesticides and Health Effects on Farm Owners and Workers From Conventional and Organic Agricultural Farms in Costa Rica: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study
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Joseph M. Baker, Christian Stamm, Mirko S. Winkler, Rik I.L. Eggen, Samuel Fuhrimann, Christian H. Lindh, Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas, Fernando Ramírez-Muñoz, Frederik T. Weiss, José A. Menezes-Filho, Philipp Staudacher, Ana M. Mora, One Health Chemisch, and dIRAS RA-2
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Longitudinal study ,020205 medical informatics ,Cross-sectional study ,near-infrared spectroscopy ,respiratory outcomes ,02 engineering and technology ,Pesticide intoxication ,03 medical and health sciences ,neurobehavioral outcomes ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Protocol ,Farm workers ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,pesticide exposure assessment ,agriculture ,Protocol (science) ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,acetylcholinesterase ,pesticides ,Pesticide ,Anthropometry ,farm workers ,Agriculture ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pesticide use is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Costa Rica. This increase poses health risks to farm owners, farm workers, and communities living near agricultural farms. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the health effects associated with occupational pesticide exposure in farm owners and workers from conventional and organic smallholder farms in Costa Rica. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 300 owners and workers from organic and conventional horticultural smallholder farms in Zarcero County, Costa Rica. During the baseline study visit, we administered a structured, tablet-based questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, pesticide exposure, and health conditions (eg, respiratory and allergic outcomes and acute pesticide intoxication symptoms) and administered a neurobehavioral test battery (eg, Finger Tapping Test and Purdue Pegboard); we measured blood pressure, anthropometry (height, weight, and waist circumference), and erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase activity and also collected urine samples. In addition, a functional neuroimaging assessment using near-infrared spectroscopy was conducted with a subset of 50 study participants. During the follow-up study visit (~2-4 weeks after the baseline), we administered participants a short questionnaire on recent pesticide exposure and farming practices and collected hair, toenail, and urine samples. Urine samples will be analyzed for various pesticide metabolites, whereas toenails and hair will be analyzed for manganese (Mn), a biomarker of exposure to Mn-containing fungicides. Self-reported pesticide exposure data will be used to develop exposure intensity scores using an exposure algorithm. Furthermore, exposure-outcome associations will be examined using linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS: Fieldwork for our study was conducted between May 2016 and August 2016. In total, 113 farm owners and 187 workers from 9 organic and 83 conventional horticultural smallholder farms were enrolled. Data analyses are ongoing and expected to be published between 2019 and 2020. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to examine differences in health effects due to pesticide exposure between farm owners and workers from organic and conventional smallholder farms in an LMIC. We expect that this study will provide critical data on farming practices, exposure pathways, and how occupational exposure to pesticides may affect farm owners and workers' health. Finally, we hope that this study will allow us to identify strategies to reduce pesticide exposure in farm owners and workers and will potentially lay the groundwork for a future longitudinal study of health outcomes in farm owners and workers exposed to pesticides. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/10914.
- Published
- 2019
43. Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human embryonic and fetal organs from first, second, and third trimester pregnancies
- Author
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Marie Therese Vinnars, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Linn Salto Mamsen, Richelle D. Björvang, Claus Yding Andersen, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Daniel Mucs, and Christian H. Lindh
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Adult ,Male ,Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid ,Adolescent ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fetus/chemistry ,Placenta ,Adipose tissue ,Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental Pollutants/chemistry ,Andrology ,Perfluorononanoic acid ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Prenatal exposure ,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Fluorocarbons ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Perfluoroalkyl substances ,chemistry ,Maternal Exposure ,embryonic structures ,Fetal organs ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Gestation ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Maternal serum ,Placenta/chemistry ,business ,Fluorocarbons/chemistry - Abstract
Background: The persistent environmental contaminants perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have gained attention due to their potential adverse health effects, in particular following early life exposure. Information on human fetal exposure to PFASs is currently limited to one report on first trimester samples. There is no data available on PFAS concentrations in fetal organs throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: We measured the concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in human embryos and fetuses with corresponding placentas and maternal serum samples derived from elective pregnancy terminations and cases of intrauterine fetal death. A total of 78 embryos and fetuses aged 7–42 gestational weeks were included and a total of 225 fetal organs covering liver, lung, heart, central nervous system (CNS), and adipose tissue were analyzed, together with 71 placentas and 63 maternal serum samples. PFAS concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results: All evaluated PFASs were detected and quantified in maternal sera, placentas and embryos/fetuses. In maternal serum samples, PFOS was detected in highest concentrations, followed by PFOA > PFNA > PFDA = PFUnA = PFHxS. Similarly, PFOS was detected in highest concentrations in embryo/fetal tissues, followed by PFOA > PFNA = PFDA = PFUnA. PFHxS was detected in very few fetuses. In general, PFAS concentrations in embryo/fetal tissue (ng/g) were lower than maternal serum (ng/ml) but similar to placenta concentrations. The total PFAS burden (i.e. the sum of all PFASs) was highest in lung tissue in first trimester samples and in liver in second and third trimester samples. The burden was lowest in CNS samples irrespective of fetal age. The placenta:maternal serum ratios of PFOS, PFOA and PFNA increased across gestation suggesting bioaccumulation in the placenta. Further, we observed that the ratios were higher in pregnancies with male fetuses compared to female fetuses. Conclusions: Human fetuses were intrinsically exposed to a mixture of PFASs throughout gestation. The compounds were detected in all analyzed tissues, suggesting that PFASs reach and may affect many types of organs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PFASs pass the placenta and deposit to embryo and fetal tissues, calling for risk assessment of gestational exposures. Keywords: Prenatal exposure, Perfluoroalkyl substances, Maternal serum, Placenta, Fetal organs
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- 2019
44. Association of urinary bisphenols and triclosan with thyroid function during early pregnancy
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Barbara A. Demeneix, Arash Derakhshan, Huan Shu, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Tim I M Korevaar, Christian H. Lindh, Andreas Kortenkamp, Robin P. Peeters, and Internal Medicine
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bisphenol F ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,triclosan ,Bisphenol ,urinalysis ,Thyroid Gland ,Thyrotropin ,Bisphenols ,010501 environmental sciences ,Thyroid Function Tests ,01 natural sciences ,Cohort Studies ,thyrotropin ,thyroxine blood level ,electrochemiluminescence ,bisphenol S ,Pregnancy ,Prospective Studies ,Sulfones ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Early pregnancy ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,endocrine disruptor ,education.field_of_study ,Triiodothyronine ,concentration (composition) ,limit of detection ,biology ,adult ,Thyroid ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,cohort analysis ,urine ,3. Good health ,unclassified drug ,Obstetrics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,female ,priority journal ,Female ,4' isopropylidenediphenol ,Thyroid function ,histogram ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,liothyronine blood level ,prospective study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thyroid Hormones ,endocrine system ,Endocrine disruption ,phenol derivative ,Deiodinase ,Population ,hormone ,first trimester pregnancy ,Gestational Age ,Article ,Thyroid-stimulating hormone ,Phenols ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,controlled study ,human ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Serum concentration ,education ,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,thyroxine ,Sweden ,Thyroid stimulating hormones ,nonhuman ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,Gestational age ,Association reactions ,medicine.disease ,Triclosan ,Thyroxine ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Endocrinology ,thyrotropin blood level ,biology.protein ,liothyronine ,business ,population research - Abstract
© 2019 The Authors. Background Bisphenols and triclosan are considered as potential thyroid disruptors. While mild alterations in maternal thyroid function can result in adverse pregnancy and child developmental outcomes, there is still uncertainty whether bisphenols or triclosan can interfere with thyroid function during pregnancy. Objectives We aimed to investigate the association of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF) and triclosan with early pregnancy thyroid function. Methods This study was embedded in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (SELMA), a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort. In total, 1996 participants were included in the current study. Maternal urinary concentrations of three bisphenols and triclosan, collected at median (95% range) 10 (6–14) weeks of pregnancy as well as serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were measured. Results Higher BPA levels were associated with lower TT4 concentrations (non-monotonic, P = 0.03), a lower FT4/FT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.02 [0.01], P = 0.03) and a lower TT4/TT3 ratio (β [SE] -0.73 [0.27], P = 0.008). Higher BPF levels were associated with a higher FT3 (β [SE] 0.01 [0.007], P = 0.04). There were no associations between other bisphenols or triclosan and absolute TSH, (F)T4 or (F)T3 concentrations. The association of BPA with thyroid function differed with gestational age. The negative association of BPA with FT4/FT3 and TT4/TT3 ratios was only apparent in early but not late gestation (P for interaction: 0.003, 0.008, respectively). Conclusion These human data during pregnancy substantiate experimental findings suggesting that BPA could potentially affect thyroid function and deiodinase activities in early gestation. European Union of Medical Specialists; European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme for research; echnological development and demonstration; Swedish Research Council; County Council of Värmland, Sweden
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- 2019
45. WITHDRAWN: Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate substitutes with anthropometric measures in early life: results from a German cohort study
- Author
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Christian H. Lindh, Tanja Poulain, Mandy Vogel, Anne Jurkutat, Wieland Kiess, Anna Krönke, Hannu Kiviranta, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Matthias Nüchter, Antje Körner, Nathalie Nidens, and Maike Schlingmann
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pregnancy ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Birth weight ,Phthalate ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Child development ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Prenatal exposure ,Weight gain ,Cohort study - Abstract
Exposure to phthalates is widespread and especially early life stages represent a critical window of exposure. We investigated prenatal exposure to phthalates and a phthalate substitute and their association with birth outcomes and weight development in early life. In 333 mother-child pairs, we measured 13 phthalates and one phthalate substitute in spot-urine samples collected during pregnancy. The associations between phthalates and birth outcomes and weight gain in the first two years of life were estimated using robust linear regression. In boys, ΣHMWP were inversely associated with birth weight ( b = -156.35, p = 0.045) and positively associated with weight gain in the first ( b = 15.11, p = 0.02) and first two years of life ( b = 20.10, p = 0.05). In the first year of life, MOINCH was associated with weight gain ( b = 11.22, p = 0.04) in boys. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate substitutes may affect weight development in a sex-specific manner. Future research on effects of phthalate substitutes on child development is needed.
- Published
- 2021
46. Associations between perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid hormones after high exposure through drinking water
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Yiyi Xu, Daniel S Olsson, Christel Nielsen, Eva Andersson, Christian H. Lindh, Kristina Jakobsson, Ying Li, Kristin Scott, Tony Fletcher, and Daniela Pineda
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Adult ,Male ,Thyroid Hormones ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Physiology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Child ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Sweden ,Fluorocarbons ,education.field_of_study ,DECREASED TSH ,business.industry ,Drinking Water ,Thyroid ,Perfluorooctane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,chemistry ,Thyroid hormones ,Perfluorooctanoic acid ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
Background The reported associations for several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) with thyroid hormones are inconsistent in epidemiological studies. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible association of thyroid hormones in relation to serum levels of perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid, in a Swedish general population, highly exposed through contaminated drinking water, and if the associations with PFAS remained in a comparison to a reference group based only on residency in areas with contrasting PFAS levels. Method 3297 participants from Ronneby, a municipality with drinking water highly contaminated by PFAS (exposed group), and a reference group (N = 226) from a nearby municipality with non-contaminated drinking water supply were included. Regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between PFAS exposure, assessed as exposure groups (Ronneby and reference groups) and measured serum PFAS levels, and thyroid hormone levels, with adjustments for age, sex and BMI. Result No cross-sectional associations were found between PFAS and thyroid hormones in adults and seniors except for a positive association between PFAS and fT4 in males over 50. Higher thyroid hormone levels were found in the preteen children from Ronneby compared to the reference group. In contrast, within Ronneby, there was weak evidence of associations between increased PFAS levels and decreased fT3 in preteen boys, and decreased TSH in teenage males. No such pattern was found in preteen and teenage girls. Conclusion The present study found no consistent evidence to support association of PFAS with thyroid hormones.
- Published
- 2021
47. Urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine concentrations after frying of bacon, a pilot study
- Author
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Christian H. Lindh, Sindre Rabben Svedahl, Kristin Svendsen, and Karin Broberg Palmgren
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Chromatography ,8 oxo 7 8 dihydro 2 deoxyguanosine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Urinary system ,Urine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pollution ,Oxidative dna damage ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Deoxyguanosine ,Urine sample ,Oxidative stress ,Morning - Abstract
Cooking fumes contain compounds that may give rise to oxidative stress and mutations when inhaled. The aim of this study was to evaluate if cooking fumes from frying of bacon induce oxidative stress by measurement of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidatively damaged DNA. Three non-smoking women fried bacon for 3 h. Urine samples were taken as early morning void at the same time on four days; the morning before frying, the morning after first frying, the morning after three days of frying and one week after first urine sample. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine, 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine correlated weakly with concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (r = 0.31, p = 0.042), but it did not correlate with 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (r = −0.074; p = 0.64). Average urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 deoxyguanosi...
- Published
- 2016
48. Are Populations with Low Iodine Intakes More Vulnerable to Thyroid-Disrupting Effects of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAAs)?
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Natalia Kotova, Irina Gyllenhammar, Kristina Jakobsson, Christian H. Lindh, Anders Glynn, Anna Karin Lindroos, Cecilia Nälsén, and Elin Dahlgren
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Thyroid ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Iodine ,Alkyl ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2018
49. Association between Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Thyroid Hormones in a High- Exposed Swedish Population
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Christian H. Lindh, Ying Li, Kristina Jakobsson, Yiyi Xu, Kristin Scott, and Tony Fletcher
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medicine.anatomical_structure ,Swedish population ,business.industry ,Thyroid hormones ,Thyroid ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Physiology ,Endocrine system ,business ,Homeostasis ,General Environmental Science ,Hormone - Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFASs) have endocrine disrupting properties. Alterations in thyroid hormone homeostasis have also been observed in animal experimental studies, and in some cross...
- Published
- 2018
50. Prenatal Pyrethroid Exposure and Behavioral Problems in 5-Year Old Children from the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)
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Berna van Wendel de Joode, Ana María Mora, Leonel Córdoba, Jose Mora, Brenda Eskenazi, Jorge Ernesto Peñaloza Castañeda, and Christian H. Lindh
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pyrethroid ,business.industry ,Affect (psychology) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Background: Pyrethroid insecticides may affect children's behavior, but data from prospective studies are rare. We examined whether prenatal pyrethroid exposure was associated with behavioral probl...
- Published
- 2018
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