3,124 results on '"Bartley, A."'
Search Results
2. Diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in the Medical Library Association: a look back at the last twenty-five years
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JJ Pionke, Thane Chambers, Marisol Hernandez, Brenda Linares, Beverly Murphy, Kelsa Bartley, Brandon T. Pieczko, and Dean Giustini
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diversity ,equity ,inclusion ,history ,retrospective ,social justice ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
Over the past twenty-five years, the Medical Library Association (MLA) has pursued a range of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. This article, written by members of the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA)’s Equity Advisory Group (EAG), outlines significant measures taken to raise awareness about specific concepts, opportunities, and challenges related to DEI among MLA members. Topics discussed include the impact of influential Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) leaders, the establishment of DEI and social justice-focused membership communities, and specific initiatives led by various working groups and committees which have served to strengthen MLA’s commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion during the last three decades.
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- 2024
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3. Presence of endometriosis and chronic overlapping pain conditions negatively impacts the pain experience in women with chronic pelvic–abdominal pain: A cross-sectional survey
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Emily J Bartley, Meryl J Alappattu, Kelsey Manko, Hannah Lewis, Terrie Vasilopoulos, and Georgine Lamvu
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Medicine - Abstract
Background: Evidence of overlap between endometriosis and chronic pain conditions is emerging; however, little is known about how the pain experience differs based on the presence or absence of endometriosis. Objectives: In a sample of women reporting chronic pelvic–abdominal pain (CPP), the aim of this study was to characterize differences in pain symptomatology between women with and without endometriosis and to examine the influence of chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) on pain among these two groups. Design: This was a cross-sectional study, based on an online survey. Methods: Participants (aged 18+ years) completed a survey collecting pain diagnoses and symptoms assessing pelvic pain severity, pain interference, and pain impact. Independent sample t -tests, chi-square, and multiple linear regression models were employed to analyze group differences in pain symptomatology and COPCs. Results: Of the 525 respondents with CPP, 25% (n = 133) reported having endometriosis. Women with endometriosis were younger at the onset of pelvic pain, relative to women without endometriosis ( p = 0.04). There were no differences in age, race, ethnicity, or duration of pelvic pain between women with and without endometriosis. Women with endometriosis reported higher pelvic pain severity (+0.8, 95% CI = 0.4–1.1), pain interference (+5.9, 95% CI = 2.4–9.3), and pain impact (+1.9, 95% CI = 0.8–2.9). Endometriosis was associated with a higher number of COPCs ( p = 0.003), with 25% (n = 33) of women reporting ⩾3 overlapping pain conditions compared with 12% (n = 45) of those without endometriosis. Women with endometriosis had a higher frequency of fibromyalgia ( p
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- 2024
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4. Real-time single-base specific detection of the Haemonchus contortus S168T variant associated with levamisole resistance using loop-primer endonuclease cleavage loop-mediated isothermal amplification
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Alistair Antonopoulos, Owen Higgins, Stephen R. Doyle, David Bartley, Alison Morrison, Maha Mansour Shalaby, Julien Reboud, Eileen Devaney, Terry J. Smith, Roz Laing, and Valentina Busin
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LAMP ,Resistance ,S168T ,Haemonchus contortus ,Veterinary ,Levamisole ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic haematophagous nematode that primarily affects small ruminants and causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Treatment of haemonchosis typically relies on broad-spectrum anthelmintics, resistance to which is an important cause of treatment failure. Resistance to levamisole remains less widespread than to other major anthelmintic classes, prompting the need for more effective and accurate surveillance to maintain its efficacy. Loop-primer endonuclease cleavage loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LEC-LAMP) is a recently developed diagnostic method that facilitates multiplex target detection with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) specificity and portable onsite testing. In this study, we designed a new LEC-LAMP assay and applied it to detect the levamisole resistance marker S168T in H. contortus. We explored multiplexing probes for both the resistant S168T and the susceptible S168 alleles in a single-tube assay. We then included a generic probe to detect the acr-8 gene in the multiplex assay, which could facilitate the quantification of both resistance markers and overall genetic material from H. contortus in a single step. Our results showed promising application of these technologies, demonstrating a proof-of-concept assay which is amenable to detection of resistance alleles within the parasite population, with the potential for multiplex detection, and point-of-care application enabled by lateral flow end-point detection. However, further optimisation and validation is necessary.
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- 2024
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5. Upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers to provide diabetic foot screening for systematically marginalised populations: how, why and in what contexts do they work? A realist review
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Melanie Anderson, Saul Cobbing, Valeria E Rac, Nicole N Woods, Brian Hodges, Samah Hassan, Patti Leake, Catharine Marie Gray, Nicola Bartley, Andrea Etherington, Munira Abdulwasi, and Hei-Ching Kristy Cheung
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective We aimed to understand how, why and in what context upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers (UCPs) to provide foot screening for systematically marginalised groups living with diabetes were implemented.Design We used realist synthesis based on Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards guidance.Data sources We searched the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus databases and the grey literature (Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) up to November 2022.Eligibility criteria We included experimental and non-experimental articles in English that either described mechanisms or discussed expected outcomes for educational interventions for patients and family caregivers or healthcare providers, both regulated and unregulated. We also included articles that evaluated the impact of foot care programmes if the UCPs’ training was described.Data extraction and synthesis The lead author extracted, annotated and coded uploaded relevant data to identify contexts, mechanisms and outcome configurations using MAXQDA (a qualitative data analysis software). We used deductive and inductive coding to structure the process. Our team members double-reviewed and appraised a random sample of 20% of articles at all stages to ensure consistency.Results Our search identified 52 articles. Evidence suggested the necessity of developing upskilling foot screening programmes within the context of preventive care programmes that also provide education in diabetes, and early referrals for appropriate interventions. Multidisciplinary programmes created an ideal context facilitating coordination between UCPs and their regulated counterparts. Engaging patients and community partners, using a competency-based model, and incorporating cultural competencies were determinants of success for these programmes.Conclusion This review provides a realistic programme theory for the mechanisms used, the context in which these programmes were developed, and the expected outcomes to train UCPs to provide preventive foot care for systematically marginalised populations.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022369208.
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- 2024
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6. 63 Allogeneic Recellularized Lung Orthotopic (ARLO) Transplant Research
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Douglas Tran, Bartley Griffith, and Zhongjun Wu
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Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: As of 2021, the lung transplantation waiting list has a mortality rate of 7.6 deaths per 100 patient-years. Bioengineered human organs is an emerging field of tissue engineering with a goal of developing suitable organs for transplantation. The focus of the project is to evaluate the efficacy of bioengineered lungs using a human-to-swine model. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This project will involve designing and assessing the bioengineered lung by establishing a human-to-pig xenotransplantation survival model. The project aims to evaluate how well the bioengineered lung functions within a living model. The bioengineered lung is constructed using swine connective tissue scaffolding, which has been recellularized with human cells. Anatomically, the lung will resemble a swine lung but will possess the immunological and cellular markers of human tissue. The proposed model will initially assess the immunological response of swine to human lung tissue. Lung function will be assessed during surgery using pulmonary vein gas samples and tissue sampling. Following the end of the study, additional tissues samples will be taken to evaluate the immunological response to the tissue. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Xenotransplantation and bioengineered organs are two new emerging fields of research that have just begun to enter the large animal testing phase. This model will provide a novel human-to-pig xenotransplant survival model that will be used to test the efficacy of bioengineered lungs function in a dynamic living organism. The design has taken the principles of immunology learned from the current clinical and xenotransplant research and has incorporated this knowledge into the known pig-to-pig transplant models. We anticipate that this model design will be easily reproducible and can be expanded to other bioengineered organs as an effective means to test functionality. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic’s aftermath may lead to an increased demand for lung transplants. Bioengineered lungs could provide an additional source of organs to supplement current availability. This novel approach has the potential to offer a means to test several different types of bioengineered organs in the future.
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- 2024
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7. Understanding how and why upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers can support health equity in underserved communities: a realist review protocol
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Melanie Anderson, Saul Cobbing, Valeria E Rac, Nicole N Woods, Brian David Hodges, Samah Hassan, Patti Leake, Catharine Marie Gray, Nicola Bartley, Andrea Etherington, Munira Abdulwasi, and Hei-Ching Kristy Cheung
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Foot ulcers are one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus leading to leg amputations. In Canada, systematically marginalised and racialised populations are more prone to developing foot ulcers and at higher risk of limb amputations. Shortages of regulated healthcare have hindered efforts to provide foot care. Upskilling unregulated care providers (UCPs) to deliver foot screening seems a reasonable solution to reduce limb loss. UCPs can advocate for health equity and deliver appropriate care. There is a need, however, to understand how and why an educational intervention for UCPs providing foot screening for these high-risk groups may or may not work.Methods and analysis This realist review will follow the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards standards. First, we will develop an initial programme theory (PrT) based on exploratory searches and discussions with experts and stakeholders. Then, we will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL and Scopus databases along with relevant sources of grey literature. The retrieved articles will be screened for studies focusing on planned educational interventions for UCPs related to diabetic foot assessment. Data regarding contexts, mechanisms and outcomes will be extracted and analysed using a realist analysis through an iterative process that includes data reviewing and consultation with our team. Finally, we will use these results to modify the initial PrT.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this review. The main output of this research will be an evidence-based PrT for upskilling programmes for UCPs. We will share our final PrT using text, tables and infographics to summarise our results and draw insights across papers/reports. For academic, clinical, social care and educational audiences, we will produce peer-reviewed journal articles, including those detailing the process and findings of the realist review and establishing our suggestions for effective upskilling programmes.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022369208.
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- 2023
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8. Measuring behaviour in hens using an ethogram to assess analgesia during further refinement of a high welfare, on-hen, poultry red mite feeding device [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
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K. Bartley, F. G. Nunn, D. R. G. Price, A. J. Nisbet, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, W. Chen, and D. A. Ewing
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ethogram ,poultry ,EMLA ,mite ,refinement ,behaviours ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: To refine an on-hen mite feeding device, an ethogram was employed to measure the reactions of hens during a routine experimental procedure (feather plucking) and to assess effects of analgesic cream on those reactions. Methods: Three experimental groups were used; one treated with EMLA 5% before plucking (“EMLA group”); one with aqueous cream (“placebo group”) and a “no treatment” group. Behaviours were measured and compared on three days: ‘dummy handling day’ i.e. no plucking; ‘plucking day’, plucking the left thigh; and ‘treatment day’ i.e with right thighs plucked post-treatment. Poultry red mite feeding assays were performed to examine effect of creams on mite feeding rates, mortality and fecundity. All data were analysed using generalised linear (mixed) modelling approaches. Results: Use of the ethogram demonstrated no significant difference in hen behaviours in the EMLA group between dummy handling day and treatment day (p = 0.949) alongside a significant reduction in measured behaviours between plucking day and treatment day in the same group (p = 0.028). There was a statistically significant increase in measured behaviours from the dummy handling day to the plucking day in both placebo (p = 0.011) and no treatment group (p < 0.001). Effect sizes and directions were similar between dummy handling and treatment days in the ‘placebo’ and ‘no treatment’ groups, though not statistically significant (placebo, p = 0.064; no treatment p = 0.069). Mite feeding in the EMLA group was significantly lower than in the no treatment group in feeding assay 1 (p = 0.029) only. Mite mortality and fertility were unaffected. Conclusions: The ethogram successfully measured changes in observed behaviours between the dummy handling session and procedures. No adverse effects of EMLA cream on hens were demonstrated at 3mg/kg in hens. Use of analgesia for this routine procedure improves hens’ experiences during experimental trials.
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- 2023
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9. Shannon D. Jones, MLS, MEd, AHIP, FMLA, Medical Library Association President, 2022-2023
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Kelsa Bartley, Tamara Nelson, Jamia Williams, and Aidy Weeks
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Biography ,MLA President ,African American ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
In this profile, Shannon D. Jones, MLS, MEd, AHIP, FMLA, Medical Library Association President, 2022-2023, is described as someone who “takes chances on people, valuing those others might not see as valuable" -MJ Tooey. Jones embraces lifelong learning, and it shows up in her collegiate journey; she has been a student of leadership, a leader of institutions, especially within the Medical Library Association (MLA); and a leader in librarianship. She is a trailblazer, the second African American MLA president, and a champion of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. Jones has been Director of Libraries & Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) for the past seven years and is also Director of Region 2 of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, National Library of Medicine.
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- 2023
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10. EEG signatures change during unilateral Yogi nasal breathing
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Imran Khan Niazi, Muhammad Samran Navid, Jim Bartley, Daniel Shepherd, Mangor Pedersen, Georgina Burns, Denise Taylor, and David E. White
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Airflow through the left-and-right nostrils is said to be entrained by an endogenous nasal cycle paced by both poles of the hypothalamus. Yogic practices suggest, and scientific evidence demonstrates, that right-nostril breathing is involved with relatively higher sympathetic activity (arousal states), while left-nostril breathing is associated with a relatively more parasympathetic activity (stress alleviating state). The objective of this study was to further explore this laterality by controlling nasal airflow and observing patterns of cortical activity through encephalographic (EEG) recordings. Thirty subjects participated in this crossover study. The experimental session consisted of a resting phase (baseline), then a period of unilateral nostril breathing (UNB) using the dominant nasal airway, followed by UNB using the non-dominant nasal airway. A 64-channel EEG was recorded throughout the whole session. The effects of nostril-dominance, and nostril-lateralization were assessed using the power spectral density of the neural activity. The differences in power-spectra and source localization were calculated between EEG recorded during UNB and baseline for delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Cluster-based permutation tests showed that compared to baseline, EEG spectral power was significantly (1) decreased in all frequency bands for non-dominant nostril UNB, (2) decreased in alpha, beta and gamma bands for dominant nostril UNB, (3) decreased in all bands for left nostril UNB, and (4) decreased in all bands except delta for right nostril UNB. The beta band showed the most widely distributed changes across the scalp. our source localisation results show that breathing with the dominant nostril breathing increases EEG power in the left inferior frontal (alpha band) and left parietal lobule (beta band), whereas non-dominant nostril breathing is related to more diffuse and bilateral effects in posterior areas of the brain.These preliminary findings may stimulate further research in the area, with potential applications to tailored treatment of brain disorders associated with disruption of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
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- 2022
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11. We are MLA: a qualitative case study on the Medical Library Association’s 2019 Communities Transition
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Kathryn M. Houk, Kelsa Bartley, Jane Morgan-Daniel, and Elaina Vitale
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Organizational Change ,Change Management ,Library Association Management ,Medical Library Association ,Organizational Communication ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective: In 2019, the Medical Library Association (MLA) adopted a new model of community governance and participation, referred to as the MLA Communities Transition. The Communities Transition was the culmination of long-ranging plans by MLA to support two of its strategic goals: diversity and inclusion, and communities. The reorganization aimed to strengthen MLA member communities, better support programming, reduce administrative overhead, and attract new members. The 2019–2020 MLA Rising Stars cohort was tasked to study the Communities Transition and identify lessons that might be applicable to any major future change proposed for the organization. Methods: A qualitative study was designed and conducted to investigate MLA member and leader perceptions of the change process, using John Kotter’s eight steps for organizational change model as a framework. A set of fifteen open-ended questions was developed based on Kotter’s model, and seventeen semistructured interviews were conducted to gather perceptions and feedback. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to explore and identify several themes across all discussions. Results: Four major themes were identified: communication between leadership and membership, leadership during the change process, membership investment in change, and instituting change and future recommendations. The study revealed strengths in the overall implementation and execution of the transition, but it also highlighted several perceived issues with communication and information sharing. Conclusions: Study findings were used to develop recommendations for improved communication strategies and for handling large-scale changes within the organization in the future.
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- 2022
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12. Pilot study: Post-surgical infections could be related with lack of sharpness in surgical tools.
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David E White, Jim Bartley, Christopher Whittington, Lorenzo Garcia, Kaushik Chand, and Celine Turangi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Despite rigorous sterilization protocols placed in surgical procedures, there is demonstrated evidence that show patients contract infections while hospitalized. This study aims to investigate the presence of biological materials in osteotome surgical tools after sterilization processes, determine the relationship between lack of sharpness and cross-contamination, and evaluate the influence of materials surface coating as a potential contamination preventive. Three commercially available osteotomes with different surface coatings were studied and submitted to a procedure of bone-cutting cycles. After use, each was sterilized and examined under SEM and EDS. Bone contaminants were detected in each osteotome although the PVD coated osteotome demonstrated significantly less contamination than either the as-supplied or electroless nickel coated one. According to the results, there is an association between blade sharpness and post-sterilization bone contamination. These findings suggest either disposable osteotomes should be used in surgical procedures, or an effective sharpen process should both be established and monitored to minimise post-operative infections.
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- 2022
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13. Knowledge and attitudes of Implementation Support Practitioners—Findings from a systematic integrative review
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Leah Bührmann, Pia Driessen, Allison Metz, Katie Burke, Leah Bartley, Cecilie Varsi, and Bianca Albers
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background It requires thoughtful planning and work to successfully apply and sustain research-supported interventions like healthcare treatments, social support, or preventive programs in practice. Implementation support practitioners (ISPs) such as facilitators, technical assistance providers, knowledge brokers, coaches or consultants may be involved to actively support the implementation process. This article presents knowledge and attitudes ISPs bring to their work. Methods Building on a previously developed program logic, a systematic integrative review was conducted. Literature was sourced by searching nine electronic data bases, organizational websites, and by launching a call for publications among selected experts and social media. Article screening was performed independently by two researchers, and data from included studies were extracted by members of the research team and quality-assured by the lead researcher. The quality of included RCTs was assessed based on a framework by Hodder and colleagues. Thematic Analysis was used to capture information on knowledge and attitudes of ISPs across the included studies. Euler diagrams and heatmaps were used to present the results. Results Results are based on 79 included studies. ISPs reportedly displayed knowledge about the clinical practice they work with, implementation / improvement practice, the local context, supporting change processes, and facilitating evidence-based practice in general. In particular, knowledge about the intervention to be implemented and its target population, specific improvement / implementation methods and approaches, organizational structures and sensitivities, training, and characteristics of (good) research was described in the literature. Seven themes describing ISPs’ attitudes were identified: 1) professional, 2) motivated / motivating / encouraging / empowering, 3) empathetic / respectful / sensitive, 4) collaborative / inclusive, 5) authentic, 6) creative / flexible / innovative / adaptive, and 7) frank / direct / honest. Pertaining to a professional attitude, being responsive and focused were the most prevalent indicators across included publications. Conclusion The wide range and complexity of knowledge and attitudes found in the literature calls for a comprehensive and systematic approach to collaboratively develop a professional role for ISPs across disciplines. Embedding the ISP role in different health and social welfare settings will enhance implementation capacities considerably.
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- 2022
14. Validating the Hypoglycaemic and Hypotensive Roles of Salvia serotina (Chicken Weed) in Normal Healthy Sprague–Dawley Rats
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Tameika Bartley, Paul Reese, Sophie Turfus, and Ruby Alexander-Lindo
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Technology ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disease and is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Salvia serotina L. (chicken weed) has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments including DM. Aqueous, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude extracts of S. serotina L. were investigated for their anti-oxidant activities and hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects in normal, healthy Sprague–Dawley rats using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the CODA noninvasive blood pressure system to determine systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). The aqueous extract caused a free radical scavenging effect with an IC50 value of 10.2 ± 1.01 µg/mL versus vitamin C (9.42 ± 1.01 µg/mL). The extract lowered the blood glucose concentration at the 150 minute interval (5.00 ± 0.22 mM vs. 6.51 ± 0.33 mM; p=0.004) and the 180 minute interval (4.77 ± 0.27 mM vs. 5.93 ± 0.0.30 mM; p=0.015). The hexane extract gave significant hypoglycaemic activity at the 120 minute interval (4.54 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs. 5.50 ± 0.17 mmol/L; p=0.005). The hexane extract also significantly lowered the SBP (132 ± 6 mm Hg; p=0.014), DBP (106 ± 7 mm Hg; p=0.034), and MAP (114 ± 7 mm Hg; p=0.023) versus the controls SBP (156 ± 4 mm Hg), DBP (132 ± 8 mm Hg), and MAP (140 ± 6 mm Hg). Bioassay-directed purification of the hexane extract yielded 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol (1), 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol (2), and 5,22-stigmastadien-3β-ol (3) as active principles. Hence, S. serotina L. showed anti-oxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypotensive effects in the rats and may have potential applications in the treatment of diabetes.
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- 2022
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15. Striving for equity: An update from the Journal of the Medical Library Association
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Katherine G. Akers, Ellen M. Aaronson, Kathleen Amos, Kelsa Bartley, Alexander J. Carroll, Thane Chambers, John W. Cyrus, Erin R. B. Eldermire, Brenda Linares, Beverly Murphy, Melanie J. Norton, JJ Pionke, and Amy Reyes
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Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
In 2020, the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) launched an initiative aimed at providing more equitable opportunities for authors, reviewers, and editorial team members. This editorial provides an update on the steps we have taken thus far to empower authors, increase the diversity of our editorial team, and make equity-minded recommendations to the Medical Library Association.
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- 2021
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16. Development of a Well-Characterized Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Sudan Virus Disease for Support of Product Development
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Kendra J. Alfson, Yenny Goez-Gazi, Michal Gazi, Ying-Liang Chou, Nancy A. Niemuth, Marc E. Mattix, Hilary Staples, Benjamin Klaffke, Gloria F. Rodriguez, Priscilla Escareno, Carmen Bartley, Anysha Ticer, Elizabeth A. Clemmons, John W. Dutton III, Anthony Griffiths, Gabe T. Meister, Daniel C. Sanford, Chris M. Cirimotich, and Ricardo Carrion
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Sudan virus ,animal rule ,cynomolgus macaque animal model ,Medicine - Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to characterize the disease course in cynomolgus macaques exposed to Sudan virus (SUDV), to determine if infection in this species is an appropriate model for the evaluation of filovirus countermeasures under the FDA Animal Rule. Sudan virus causes Sudan virus disease (SVD), with an average case fatality rate of approximately 50%, and while research is ongoing, presently there are no approved SUDV vaccines or therapies. Well characterized animal models are crucial for further developing and evaluating countermeasures for SUDV. Twenty (20) cynomolgus macaques were exposed intramuscularly to either SUDV or sterile phosphate-buffered saline; 10 SUDV-exposed animals were euthanized on schedule to characterize pathology at defined durations post-exposure and 8 SUDV-exposed animals were not part of the scheduled euthanasia cohort. Survival was assessed, along with clinical observations, body weights, body temperatures, hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation, viral load (serum and tissues), macroscopic observations, and histopathology. There were statistically significant differences between SUDV-exposed animals and mock-exposed animals for 26 parameters, including telemetry body temperature, clinical chemistry parameters, hematology parameters, activated partial thromboplastin time, serum viremia, and biomarkers that characterize the disease course of SUDV in cynomolgus macaques.
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- 2022
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17. Development of a Well-Characterized Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Marburg Virus Disease for Support of Vaccine and Therapy Development
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Kendra J. Alfson, Yenny Goez-Gazi, Michal Gazi, Ying-Liang Chou, Nancy A. Niemuth, Marc E. Mattix, Hilary M. Staples, Benjamin Klaffke, Gloria F. Rodriguez, Carmen Bartley, Anysha Ticer, Elizabeth A. Clemmons, John W. Dutton, Anthony Griffiths, Gabe T. Meister, Daniel C. Sanford, Chris M. Cirimotich, and Ricardo Carrion
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Marburg virus ,animal model ,animal rule ,Medicine - Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) is a filovirus that can infect humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs), causing severe disease and death. Of the filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) has been the primary target for vaccine and therapeutic development. However, MARV has an average case fatality rate of approximately 50%, the infectious dose is low, and there are currently no approved vaccines or therapies targeted at infection with MARV. The purpose of this study was to characterize disease course in cynomolgus macaques intramuscularly exposed to MARV Angola variant. There were several biomarkers that reliably correlated with MARV-induced disease, including: viral load; elevated total clinical scores; temperature changes; elevated ALT, ALP, BA, TBIL, CRP and decreased ALB values; decreased lymphocytes and platelets; and prolonged PTT. A scheduled euthanasia component also provided the opportunity to study the earliest stages of the disease. This study provides evidence for the application of this model to evaluate potential vaccines and therapies against MARV and will be valuable in improving existing models.
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- 2022
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18. Low Anti-Factor Xa Level Predicts 90-Day Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Surgical Patients Receiving Enoxaparin Prophylaxis: A Pooled Analysis of Eight Clinical Trials
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John R. Stringham, Lyen C. Huang, Arash Momeni, Christopher J. Pannucci, Thomas K. Varghese, Kory I. Fleming, Corinne Bertolaccini, T Bartley Pickron, and Ann Marie Prazak
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,Anticoagulant ,Anticoagulants ,Venous Thromboembolism ,Bleed ,Postoperative Hemorrhage ,Article ,Clinical trial ,Pooled analysis ,Postoperative Complications ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Surgery ,Dosing ,Prospective Studies ,Enoxaparin ,business ,Venous thromboembolism ,Survival analysis ,Surgical patients - Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship between enoxaparin dose adequacy, quantified with anti-Factor Xa (aFXa) levels, and 90-day symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and post-operative bleeding. Summary background data Surgical patients often develop "breakthrough" VTE events-those which occur despite receiving chemical anticoagulation. We hypothesize that surgical patients with low aFXa levels will be more likely to develop 90-day VTE, and those with high aFXa will be more likely to bleed. Methods Pooled analysis of eight clinical trials (N = 985) from a single institution over a four year period. Patients had peak steady state aFXa levels in response to a known initial enoxaparin dose, and were followed for 90 days. Survival analysis log-rank test examined associations between aFXa level category and 90-day symptomatic VTE & bleeding. Results Among 985 patients, 2.3% (n = 23) had symptomatic 90-day VTE, 4.2% (n = 41) had 90-day clinically relevant bleeding, and 2.1% (n = 21) had major bleeding. Patients with initial low aFXa were significantly more likely to have 90-day VTE than patients with adequate or high aFXa (4.2% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.007). In a stratified analysis, this relationship was significant for patients who received twice daily (6.2% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.003), but not once daily (3.0% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.10) enoxaparin. No association was seen between high aFXa and 90-day clinically relevant bleeding (4.8% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.34) or major bleeding (3.6% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.18). Conclusions This manuscript establishes inadequate enoxaparin dosing as a plausible mechanism for breakthrough VTE in surgical patients, and identifies anticoagulant dose adequacy as a novel target for process improvement measures.
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- 2023
19. New to health sciences librarianship: strategies, tips, and tricks
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Kelsa Bartley, Jahala Simuel, and Jamia Williams
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health sciences librarianship ,new librarians ,new health sciences librarians ,professional development strategies ,mentorship ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
Three new librarians highlight their varied pathways into health sciences librarianship and offer insight into how they are navigating the challenges and successes of being new to the profession. The authors define a new health sciences librarian as a person who has fewer than five years of experience in health sciences librarianship specifically, having either recently graduated from library school or entered the health sciences from another type of librarianship. Jamia Williams speaks about her journey from new MLS graduate to health science librarian; Kelsa Bartley details her transition from library professional to health science librarian; and Jahala Simuel shares her experiences moving from academic librarian to health science librarian. This commentary provides strategies, tips, and tricks that new health sciences librarians may use to hone their craft and explore opportunities for professional development.
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- 2021
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20. The growth of xenotransplanted hearts can be reduced with growth hormone receptor knockout pig donors
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Bartley P. Griffith, Peter Hanna, Muhammad Mohiuddin, Susie N. Hong, David Ayares, A. Singh, and Corbin E. Goerlich
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Heart transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Transgene ,Growth hormone receptor ,medicine.disease ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Transplantation ,surgical procedures, operative ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,medicine ,Thromboregulation ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Allotransplantation - Abstract
Objective Genetically engineered pigs are thought to be an alternative organ source for patients in end-stage heart failure unable to receive a timely allograft. However, cardiac xenografts exhibit growth and diastolic heart failure within 1 month after transplantation. Grafts function for up to 6 months, but only after administration of temsirolimus and afterload-reducing agents to reduce this growth. In this study we investigated the growth and hemodynamics of growth hormone receptor (GHR) knockout xenografts, without the use of adjuncts to prevent intrinsic graft growth after transplantation. Methods Genetically engineered pig hearts were transplanted orthotopically into weight-matched baboons between 15 and 30 kg, using continuous perfusion preservation before implantation (n = 5). Xenografts included knockout of carbohydrate antigens and knockin of human transgenes for thromboregulation, complement regulation, and inflammation reduction (grafts with intact growth hormone, n = 2). Three grafts contained the additional knockout of GHR (GHR knockout grafts; n = 3). Transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained twice monthly and comprehensively analyzed by a blinded cardiologist. Hemodynamics were measured longitudinally after transplantation. Results All xenografts demonstrated life-supporting function after transplantation. There was no difference in intrinsic growth, measured using septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass, on transthoracic echocardiogram out to 1 month in either GHR knockout or GHR intact grafts. However, hypertrophy of the septal and posterior wall was markedly elevated by 2 months post transplantation. There was minimal hypertrophy out to 6 months in GHR knockout grafts. Physiologic mismatch was present in all grafts after transplantation, which is largely independent of growth. Conclusions Xenografts with GHR knockout show reduced post-transplantation xenograft growth using echocardiography >6 months after transplantation, without the need for other adjuncts.
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- 2023
21. Medical Library Association Diversity and Inclusion Task Force Report
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Jane Morgan-Daniel, Xan Y. Goodman, Sandra G. Franklin, Kelsa Bartley, Matthew Nicholas Noe, and JJ Pionke
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medical library association ,diversity ,inclusion ,task force ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Medicine - Abstract
The Medical Library Association (MLA) appointed a Diversity and Inclusion Task Force (DITF) in 2017. Sandra G. Franklin, AHIP, FMLA, chaired the task force and guided initiatives. From 2017 to 2020, the task force completed a review of MLA defining documents—including the mission, vision, values, and code of ethics—resulting in language updates to these documents. As MLA transitioned through the communities process, the DITF contributed to the transition. Other recommended essential changes to MLA profiles to promote awareness included updating pronouns to promote gender inclusivity and suggestions for the Annual Meeting Innovation Task Force. DITF members actively brought diversity and inclusion programming and engagement to MLA members at annual meetings. The task force held a fish bowl conversation, an open forum, and a Diversity Dialogues roundtable discussion; provided interactive discussion boards; and designed an MLA diversity button. Beyond MLA annual meetings, the task force hosted two critical librarianship meetings and a Twitter chat to engage MLA members with diversity and inclusion topics. Task force members promoted diversity and inclusion beyond their task force appointments with presentations at chapter meetings and other non-DITF MLA annual meeting programming. A notable task force accomplishment included completing a survey of MLA members to gather baseline demographic characteristics, including never before collected data about disability, socioeconomics, and caregiver status. This report provides an overview of DITF activities from 2017 to 2020.
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- 2021
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22. Determining the role and responsibilities of the Australian epilepsy nurse in the management of epilepsy: a study protocol
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Frances Rapport, Sanjyot Vagholkar, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Tayhla Ryder, Mike Kerr, Karen Hutchinson, Geoffrey K Herkes, Andrew Bleasel, Armin Nikpour, Chong Wong, Melissa Bartley, Carol Ireland, Honor Coleman, Lisa Todd, Wendy Groot, and Graeme Shears
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting between 3% and 3.5% of the Australian population at some point in their lifetime. The effective management of chronic and complex conditions such as epilepsy requires person-centred and coordinated care across sectors, from primary to tertiary healthcare. Internationally, epilepsy nurse specialists are frequently identified as playing a vital role in improving the integration of epilepsy care and enhancing patient self-management. This workforce has not been the focus of research in Australia to date.Methods and analysis This multistage mixed-method study examines the role and responsibilities of epilepsy nurses, particularly in primary and community care settings, across Australia, including through the provision of a nurse helpline service. A nationwide sample of 30 epilepsy nurses will be purposively recruited via advertisements distributed by epilepsy organisations and through word-of-mouth snowball sampling. Two stages (1 and 3) consist of a demographic questionnaire and semistructured interviews (individual or group) with epilepsy nurse participants, with the thematic data analysis from this work informing the areas for focus in stage 3. Stage 2 comprises of a retrospective descriptive analysis of phone call data from Epilepsy Action Australia’s National Epilepsy Line service to identify types of users, their needs and reasons for using the service, and to characterise the range of activities undertaken by the nurse call takers.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval for this study was granted by Macquarie University (HREC: 52020668117612). Findings of the study will be published through peer-reviewed journal articles and summary reports to key stakeholders, and disseminated through public forums and academic conference presentations. Study findings will also be communicated to people living with epilepsy and families.
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- 2021
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23. Proliferation, apoptosis and their regulatory protein expression in colorectal adenomas and serrated lesions
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Jane C. Figueiredo, Michael N. Passarelli, Wei Wei, Dennis J. Ahnen, Jeffrey S. Morris, Lynda Corley, Trupti Mehta, Angela N. Bartley, Gail McKeown-Eyssen, Robert S. Bresalier, Elizabeth L. Barry, Ajay Goel, Goretti Hernandez Mesa, Stanley R. Hamilton, and John A. Baron
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background Adenomas and serrated lesions represent heterogeneous sets of early precursors in the colorectum with varying malignant potential. They are often distinguished by their histopathologic differences, but little is known about potential differences in regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Methods We conducted a protein expression analysis using tissue microarrays of 625 colorectal adenomas and 142 serrated lesions to determine potential differences in regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. We quantitated proliferation with Ki-67; apoptosis with activated caspase-3 (CASP3); up- and down-regulators of proliferation with cyclin D1, p16INK2, and p21Cip1; and apoptosis regulators with BAX, BCL2, and survivin. Linear mixed effects models and circos diagrams were used to determine relationships among expression and lesion characteristics. Results Adenomas had a significantly higher CASP-3 labeling index (LI) than serrated lesions, resulting in a lower net growth ratio (Ki-67 LI/activated CASP-3 LI, p-valueConclusions Our findings demonstrate different patterns of regulatory protein expression in adenomas than serrated lesions, especially involving apoptosis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00272324
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- 2021
24. Niche-specific gene expression in a parasitic nematode; increased expression of immunomodulators in Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae derived from host mucosa
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Tom N. McNeilly, David Frew, Stewart T. G. Burgess, Harry Wright, David J. Bartley, Yvonne Bartley, and Alasdair J. Nisbet
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Metazoan parasites have to survive in many different niches in order to complete their life-cycles. In the absence of reliable methods to manipulate parasite genomes and/or proteomes, identification of the molecules critical for parasite survival within these niches has largely depended on comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of different developmental stages of the parasite; however, changes may reflect differences associated with transition between developmental stages rather than specific adaptations to a particular niche. In this study, we compared the transcriptome of two fourth-stage larval populations of the nematode parasite, Teladorsagia circumcincta, which were of the same developmental stage but differed in their location within the abomasum, being either mucosal-dwelling (MD) or lumen-dwelling (LD). Using RNAseq, we identified 57 transcripts which were significantly differentially expressed between MD and LD larvae. Of these transcripts, the majority (54/57) were up-regulated in MD larvae, one of which encoded for an ShKT-domain containing protein, Tck6, capable of modulating ovine T cell cytokine responses. Other differentially expressed transcripts included homologues of ASP-like proteins, proteases, or excretory-secretory proteins of unknown function. Our study demonstrates the utility of niche- rather than stage-specific analysis of parasite transcriptomes to identify parasite molecules of potential importance for survival within the host.
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- 2017
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25. The evaluation of feeding, mortality and oviposition of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) on aging hens using a high welfare on-hen feeding device [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
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Francesca Nunn, Kathryn Bartley, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, and Alasdair J. Nisbet
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
A study was performed to examine any effect of hen age on the feeding ability and mortality of different life-stages of Dermanyssus gallinae [Poultry Red Mite (PRM)] when fed using a high welfare, on-hen mite feeding device. Mite feeding assays were carried out every two weeks on a cohort of five Lohman Brown hens with devices containing adult and deutonymph PRM or adult and protonymph PRM. Feeding rates and mortality of each PRM life stage and oviposition of adult female PRM were evaluated over an 18-week period. There was a significant reduction in oviposition rates of female PRM as they fed on hens of increasing age. However, no clear trend was detected between the feeding rates of all three haematophagous life stages and hen age. The same conclusion was reached regarding mite mortality post-feeding in both deutonymph and adult female PRMs, although a weak positive association was apparent between hen age and protonymph PRM mortality. This study shows that the on-hen feeding device can be used both for short term studies to assess novel anti-PRM products (new acaricides, vaccines etc.) and longer, longitudinal studies to determine longevity of the effects of such novel anti-PRM products. It also demonstrates that blood feeding by mites on older hens is less able to sustain PRM populations than feeding on younger hens. This on-hen mite feeding device directly impacts upon reduction and refinement by greatly reducing the numbers of birds required per experimental group compared to traditional PRM challenge infestation models and by eliminating the need for birds to be exposed to large numbers of mites for extended periods of time that can cause welfare concerns. This paper describes the methodology for these studies and how to assemble pouches and handle mites both before and after feeding assays.
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- 2020
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26. Survival benefit of lung transplantation compared with medical management and pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with end-stage COPD
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Irina Timofte, Marniker Wijesinha, Roumen Vesselinov, June Kim, Robert Reed, Pablo G. Sanchez, Nicholas Ladikos, Si Pham, Zachary Kon, Keshava Rajagopal, Steven M. Scharf, Robert Wise, Alice L. Sternberg, David Kaczorowski, Bartley Griffith, Michael Terrin, and Aldo Iacono
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Medicine - Abstract
Background COPD patients account for a large proportion of lung transplants; lung transplantation survival benefit for COPD patients is not well established. Methods We identified 4521 COPD patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) dataset transplanted from May 2005 to August 2016, and 604 patients assigned to receive pulmonary rehabilitation and medical management in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). After trimming the populations for NETT eligibility criteria and data completeness, 1337 UNOS and 596 NETT patients remained. Kaplan–Meier estimates of transplant-free survival from transplantation for UNOS, and NETT randomisation, were compared between propensity score-matched UNOS (n=401) and NETT (n=262) patients. Results In propensity-matched analyses, transplanted patients had better survival compared to medically managed patients in NETT (p=0.003). Stratifying on 6 min walk distance (6 MWD) and FEV1, UNOS patients with 6 MWD
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- 2020
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27. Evaluation of primary caregivers' perceptions on home trampoline use
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Supriya Singh, Kamary Coriolano, Jacob Davidson, Megan Cashin, Timothy Carey, and Debra Bartley
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Medicine - Abstract
Trampolines are widely used by children, but trampoline injuries can be severe and may require hospital care or even surgery. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of an educational intervention on caregivers' perceptions of trampoline use and safety for their children.Primary caregivers were recruited from the orthopedic clinic at the Children's Hospital at our institution in 2015. Caregivers were asked to complete a survey at two time points, initially in clinic and one week post educational intervention. The educational intervention was a pamphlet outlining trampoline safety data. Data analysis occurred in 2016.From the 100 primary caregivers recruited, 39 caregivers owned a trampoline, and 10 had presented to the emergency department with their child for an injury related to trampoline use. After educational intervention, caregivers had higher rating of perceived danger associated with trampolines (6/10 vs. 8/10, p
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- 2018
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28. Investigating the Relationship between Ambulatory and Hospital Patient Experience Scores in a Neurosurgery Practice
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Richard Meyrat, Elaina Vivian, Jimmy Shah, Archana Sridhar, Bonnie Blake Hurst, Chris Shoup, Randall B. Graham, Stephen Katzen, Bartley Mitchell, Michael Oh, and Nimesh H. Patel
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Press Ganey ,patient satisfaction ,neurosurgery practice ,quality improvement ,Medicine - Abstract
Patient experience is critically important on both clinical and business levels to healthcare organizations, medical groups, and physician practices. We sought to understand whether a relationship exists between patient satisfaction scores in different settings for medical providers who practice in multiple settings (such as in the ambulatory setting and the hospital) within a system. Press Ganey (PG) ambulatory and hospital-based patient satisfaction surveys of a neurosurgery practice were retrospectively compared. Questions and sections related to the care provider, likelihood to recommend, and overall experience were examined. The ambulatory dataset included 2270 surveys, and the hospital dataset included 376. Correlation analysis of hospital survey patients who also completed an ambulatory survey (N = 120) was conducted, and weak, yet statistically significant, negative correlations between hospital “Likelihood to Recommend” and ambulatory “Care Provider Overall” (r = −0.20421, p = 0.0279), “Likelihood to Recommend” (r = −0.19622, p = 0.0356), and “Survey Overall” (r = −0.28482, p = 0.0019) were found. Our analyses found weak, yet significant, negative correlations between ambulatory and hospital PG scores. This could suggest that patient perception established in ambulatory and clinic settings could translate to a patient’s perception of their hospital experience and subsequent satisfaction scores.
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- 2021
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29. A randomised single-centre trial of inhaled liposomal cyclosporine for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome post-lung transplantation
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Aldo Iacono, Marniker Wijesinha, Keshava Rajagopal, Natalia Murdock, Irina Timofte, Bartley Griffith, and Michael Terrin
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction No proven treatments exist for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) following lung transplantation. Inhaled liposomal cyclosporine (L-CsA) may prevent BOS progression. Methods A 48-week phase IIb randomised clinical trial was conducted in 21 lung transplant patients with BOS assigned to either L-CsA with standard-of-care (SOC) oral immunosuppression (L-CsA group) or SOC (SOC-alone group). Efficacy end-points were BOS progression-free survival (defined as absence of ≥20% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from randomisation, re-transplantation or death) and BOS grade change. Results BOS progression-free survival was 82% for L-CsA versus 50% for SOC-alone (p=0.1) and BOS grade worsened in 18% for L-CsA versus 60% for SOC-alone (p=0.05). Mean changes in ΔFEV1 and forced vital capacity, respectively, stabilised with L-CsA: +0.005 (95% CI −0.004– +0.013) and −0.005 (95% CI −0.015– +0.006) L·month−1, but worsened with SOC-alone: −0.023 (95% CI −0.033– −0.013) and −0.026 (95% CI −0.039– −0.014) L·month−1 (p
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- 2019
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30. Alcohol-related emergency department visits and income inequality in New York City, USA: an ecological study
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Kathleen H. Reilly, Katherine Bartley, Denise Paone, and Ellenie Tuazon
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socioeconomic factors ,alcohol drinking ,urban health ,new york city ,Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has found that greater income inequality is related to problematic alcohol use across a variety of geographical areas in the USA and New York City (NYC). Those studies used self-reported data to assess alcohol use. This study examined the relationship between within-neighborhood income inequality and alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS The study outcome was the alcohol-related ED visit rate per 10,000 persons between 2010 and 2014, using data obtained from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. The main predictor of interest was income inequality, measured using the Gini coefficient from the American Community Survey (2010-2014) at the public use microdata area (PUMA) level (n=55) in NYC. Variables associated with alcohol-related ED visits in bivariate analyses were considered for inclusion in a multivariable model. RESULTS There were 420,568 alcohol-related ED visits associated with a valid NYC address between 2010 and 2014. The overall annualized NYC alcohol-related ED visit rate was 100.7 visits per 10,000 persons. The median alcohol ED visit rate for NYC PUMAs was 88.0 visits per 10,000 persons (interquartile range [IQR], 64.5 to 133.5), and the median Gini coefficient was 0.48 (IQR, 0.45 to 0.51). In the multivariable model, a higher neighborhood Gini coefficient, a lower median age, and a lower percentage of male residents were independently associated with the alcohol-related ED visit rate. CONCLUSIONS This study found that higher neighborhood income inequality was associated with higher neighborhood alcohol-related ED visit rates. The precise mechanism of this relationship is not understood, and further investigation is warranted to determine temporality and to assess whether the results are generalizable to other locales.
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- 2019
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31. Systematic identification and referral of smokers attending HIV ambulatory care highlights the failure of current service provision in an at-risk population
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Marc Lipman, Elisha Pickett, Alison Rodger, Margaret Johnson, James Brown, Christianna Kyriacou, Kelly Edwards, Hemal Joshi, Nafeesah Stewart, Andrew Melville, Jan Flint, and Angela Bartley
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Medicine ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to smoke than the general population and are at greater risk of smoking-related illness. Healthcare services need to address this burden of preventable disease.Methods We evaluated the impact of a brief intervention that asked service users about smoking when they attended for ambulatory HIV care in London, UK, and offered referral to smoking cessation.Results Overall, 1548 HIV-positive individuals were asked about their smoking status over a 12-month period. Of this group, 385 (25%) reported that they were current smokers, 372 (97%) were offered referral to smoking cessation services and 154 (40%) accepted this. We established an outcome of referral for 114 (74%) individuals. A total of 36 (10% of smokers) attended stop smoking clinics and 16 (4%) individuals were recorded as having quit smoking.Discussion The simple intervention of asking PLWH about tobacco smoking and offering referral to smoking cessation services rapidly identified current smokers, 40% of whom accepted referral to smoking cessation services. This highlights the importance of promoting behaviour and lifestyle changes with every contact with health services. However, a large proportion of those referred were either not seen in local services or the outcome of referral could not be ascertained. If the risk of smoking-related morbidity among PLWH is to be reduced, more sustainable referral pathways and ways of improving uptake of smoking cessation services must be developed.
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- 2019
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32. Identifying and characterizing extrapolation in multivariate response data.
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Meridith L Bartley, Ephraim M Hanks, Erin M Schliep, Patricia A Soranno, and Tyler Wagner
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Faced with limitations in data availability, funding, and time constraints, ecologists are often tasked with making predictions beyond the range of their data. In ecological studies, it is not always obvious when and where extrapolation occurs because of the multivariate nature of the data. Previous work on identifying extrapolation has focused on univariate response data, but these methods are not directly applicable to multivariate response data, which are common in ecological investigations. In this paper, we extend previous work that identified extrapolation by applying the predictive variance from the univariate setting to the multivariate case. We propose using the trace or determinant of the predictive variance matrix to obtain a scalar value measure that, when paired with a selected cutoff value, allows for delineation between prediction and extrapolation. We illustrate our approach through an analysis of jointly modeled lake nutrients and indicators of algal biomass and water clarity in over 7000 inland lakes from across the Northeast and Mid-west US. In addition, we outline novel exploratory approaches for identifying regions of covariate space where extrapolation is more likely to occur using classification and regression trees. The use of our Multivariate Predictive Variance (MVPV) measures and multiple cutoff values when exploring the validity of predictions made from multivariate statistical models can help guide ecological inferences.
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- 2019
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33. Nasal microbial composition and chronic otitis media with effusion: A case-control study.
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Rebecca E Walker, Caroline G Walker, Carlos A Camargo, Jim Bartley, David Flint, John M D Thompson, and Edwin A Mitchell
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ObjectivesChronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in children can cause prolonged hearing loss, which is associated with an increased risk of learning delays and behavioural problems. Dispersal of bacterial pathogens from the nasal passages to the middle ear is implicated in COME. We sought to determine whether there is an association between nasal microbial composition and COME in children.MethodsA case-control study of children aged 3 and 4 years was conducted. Cases undergoing placement of tympanostomy tubes for COME were compared to healthy controls. Nasal swabs were collected and a questionnaire was administered. The V1-3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq.Results73 children with COME had a lower Shannon diversity index than 105 healthy controls (1.62 [.80] versus 1.88 [.84], respectively; P = .046). The nasal microbiota of cases and controls differed in composition using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (p = 0.002). Children with COME had a higher abundance of otopathogens and lower abundance of commensals including alpha haemolytic Streptococci and Lactococcus. Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct nasal microbial profiles. Profiles that were Corynebacterium-dominated (aOR 4.18 [95%CI, 1.68-10.39], Streptococcus-dominated (aOR 3.12 [95%CI, 1.08-9.06], or Moraxella-dominated (aOR 4.70 [95%CI, 1.73-12.80] were associated with COME, compared to a more mixed microbial profile when controlling for age, ethnicity, and recent antibiotics use.ConclusionsChildren with COME have a less diverse nasal microbial composition with a higher abundance of pathogens, compared to healthy children who have a more mixed bacterial profile with a higher abundance of commensals. Further research is required to determine how nasal microbiota may relate to the pathogenesis or maintenance of COME, and whether modification of the nasal microbiota can prevent or treat children at risk of COME.
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- 2019
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34. FDG PET based prediction of response in head and neck cancer treatment: Assessment of new quantitative imaging features.
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Reinhard R Beichel, Ethan J Ulrich, Brian J Smith, Christian Bauer, Bartley Brown, Thomas Casavant, John J Sunderland, Michael M Graham, and John M Buatti
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Introduction18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is now a standard diagnostic imaging test performed in patients with head and neck cancer for staging, re-staging, radiotherapy planning, and outcome assessment. Currently, quantitative analysis of FDG PET scans is limited to simple metrics like maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, or total lesion glycolysis, which have limited predictive value. The goal of this work was to assess the predictive potential of new (i.e., nonstandard) quantitative imaging features on head and neck cancer outcome.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed fifty-eight pre- and post-treatment FDG PET scans of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer to calculate five standard and seventeen new features at baseline and post-treatment. Cox survival regression was used to assess the predictive potential of each quantitative imaging feature on disease-free survival.ResultsAnalysis showed that the post-treatment change of the average tracer uptake in the rim background region immediately adjacent to the tumor normalized by uptake in the liver represents a novel PET feature that is associated with disease-free survival (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.27, 2.99) and has good discriminative performance (c index 0.791).ConclusionThe reported findings define a promising new direction for quantitative imaging biomarker research in head and neck squamous cell cancer and highlight the potential role of new radiomics features in oncology decision making as part of precision medicine.
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- 2019
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35. Bacterial coinfection in influenza pneumonia: Rates, pathogens, and outcomes
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Peter B. Imrey, Michael B. Rothberg, Abhishek Deshpande, Sarah Haessler, Marya D. Zilberberg, Patricia Bartley, Pei-Chun Yu, and Michael Klompas
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Epidemiology ,030106 microbiology ,Disease ,INFLUENZA PNEUMONIA ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Internal medicine ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Pandemic ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Coinfection ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,business - Abstract
Background:Evidence from pandemics suggests that influenza is often associated with bacterial coinfection. Among patients hospitalized for influenza pneumonia, we report the rate of coinfection and distribution of pathogens, and we compare outcomes of patients with and without bacterial coinfection.Methods:We included adults admitted with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and tested for influenza from 2010 to 2015 at 179 US hospitals participating in the Premier database. Pneumonia was identified using an International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) algorithm. We used multiple logistic and gamma-generalized linear mixed models to assess the relationships between coinfection and inpatient mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, and cost.Results:Among 38,665 patients hospitalized with CAP and tested for influenza, 4,313 (11.2%) were positive. In the first 3 hospital days, patients with influenza were less likely than those without to have a positive culture (10.3% vs 16.2%; P < .001), and cultures were more likely to contain Staphylococcus aureus (34.2% vs 28.2%; P = .007) and less likely to contain Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.9% vs 31.0%; P = .008). Of S. aureus isolates, 42.8% were methicillin resistant among influenza patients versus 53.2% among those without influenza (P = .01). After hospital day 3, pathogens for both groups were similar. Bacterial coinfection was associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.17–4.16), late ICU transfer (aOR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.98–4.04), and higher cost (risk-adjusted mean multiplier, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.59–1.96).Conclusions:In a large US inpatient sample hospitalized with influenza and CAP, S. aureus was the most frequent cause of bacterial coinfection. Coinfection was associated with worse outcomes and higher costs.
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- 2023
36. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of benzimidazole resistance in reciprocal genetic crosses of Haemonchus contortus
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Stephen R. Doyle, Lynsey A. Melville, D.J. Bartley, Alison A. Morrison, L. Andrews, Neil Sargison, and Umer Chaudhry
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Regular article ,Population ,Drug Resistance ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Deep amplicon sequencing ,Tubulin ,Genotype ,medicine ,Animals ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Anthelmintic ,Allele ,education ,Allele frequency ,Crosses, Genetic ,Benzimidazole resistance ,Pharmacology ,Genetics ,Anthelmintics ,education.field_of_study ,Pyrosequencing ,Single nucleotide polymorphisms ,biology.organism_classification ,Egg hatch test ,Infectious Diseases ,Phenotype ,Reciprocal genetic cross ,Microsatellite ,Parasitology ,Benzimidazoles ,Female ,Haemonchus ,Haemonchiasis ,medicine.drug ,Haemonchus contortus - Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is arguably one of the most economically important and ubiquitous parasites of livestock globally and commonly involved in cases of anthelmintic resistance. Here, we performed reciprocal genetic crosses using susceptible (MHco3(ISE)) and multiple anthelmintic resistant (MHco18(UGA2004)) H. contortus isolates. Resultant admixed populations were designated MHco3/18 or MHco18/3, where the lead isolate reflects the origin of the females. Three independent filial generations were generated for each cross, which were subjected to bioassays, molecular approaches and population genetic analyses to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic inheritance of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance at each stage. A panel of microsatellite markers confirmed the success of the genetic cross as markers from both parents were seen in the F1 crosses. Egg hatch tests revealed a stark difference between the two F1 crosses with ED50 estimates for MHco18/3 being 9 times greater than those for MHco3/18. Resistance factors based on ED50 estimates ranged from 6 to 57 fold in the filial progeny compared to MHco3(ISE) parents. Molecular analysis of the F167Y and F200Y SNP markers associated with BZ resistance were analysed by pyrosequencing and MiSeq deep amplicon sequencing, which showed that MHco3/18.F1 and MHco18/3.F1 both had similar frequencies of the F200Y resistant allele (45.3% and 44.3%, respectively), whereas for F167Y, MHco18/3.F1 had a two-fold greater frequency of the resistant-allele compared to MHco3/18.F1 (18.2% and 8.8%, respectively). Comparison between pyrosequencing and MiSeq amplicon sequencing revealed that the allele frequencies derived from both methods were concordant at codon 200 (rc = 0.97), but were less comparable for codon 167 (rc = 0.55). The use of controlled reciprocal genetic crosses have revealed a potential difference in BZ resistance phenotype dependent on whether the resistant allele is paternally or maternally inherited. These findings provide new insight and prompt further investigation into the inheritance of BZ resistance in H. contortus., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Reciprocal cross used to investigate benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. • Phenotypic and genotypic tools combined for analysis. • Inheritance of BZ resistance influenced by maternal &/or cytoplasmic mechanisms. • Double homozygous resistant genotypes at F167Y and F200Y detected on β−tubulin gene.
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- 2022
37. Nutrition and the Upper Respiratory Tract
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James Bartley
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Vitamin ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,Physiology ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,vitamin D deficiency ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,Probiotic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,law ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,education ,business ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
On a population basis multiple nutrient deficiencies are common in developing countries, whereas in developed countries obesity and vitamin D deficiency are important health issues. While nutrient deficiencies can lead to disease, the results of clinical trials investigating the influence of supplementing various nutrients such as essential fatty acids, iron, and vitamin A on upper respiratory disease have been mixed. Probiotics may have a role in the treatment of upper respiratory disease, but appropriate probiotic strain/strains, supplement timing, as well as the dosage and method of administration continue to be debated. In clinical practice, many patients report that a milk exclusion diet is beneficial in reducing respiratory mucus production; however, the scientific basis for this remains controversial. Increasing evidence indicates that zinc supplementation is beneficial in the management of upper respiratory infections. A number of clinical trials also indicate that vitamin D supplementation has a potential role in the prevention of upper respiratory disease. Optimal vitamin D levels and dosages remain to be determined.
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- 2023
38. Pasta for all: Abiomed Breethe extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system
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Jiafeng Zhang, Z.J. Wu, and Bartley P. Griffith
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Medicine ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Published
- 2021
39. Psychological predictors of advanced cancer patients’ preferences for return of results from comprehensive tumor genomic profiling
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David Thomas, Barbara B. Biesecker, David Goldstein, Nicci Bartley, Megan Best, Ilona Juraskova, Phyllis Butow, Bettina Meiser, Timothy E. Schlub, Christine E Napier, Katherine M. Tucker, Mandy L. Ballinger, and Grace Davies
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Genome ,Genomic profiling ,Molecular screening ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Patient Preference ,Genomics ,medicine.disease ,Patient preference ,Advanced cancer ,Preference ,Neoplasms ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Family medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Personalized medicine ,Return of results ,business ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
This study assessed the psychological predictors of preferences for return of comprehensive tumor genomic profiling (CTGP) results in patients with advanced cancers, enrolled in the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program. Patients completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing CTGP. Of the 1434 who completed a questionnaire, 96% would like to receive results that can guide treatment for their cancer, and preference for receiving this type of result was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty. Sixty-four percent would like to receive results that cannot guide treatment, and lower tolerance of uncertainty, self-efficacy, and perceived importance were associated with this preference. Fifty-nine percent would like to receive variants of unknown significance, which was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty, higher self-efficacy, and perceived importance. Eighty-six percent wanted to receive germline results that could inform family risk. This was associated with higher self-efficacy, perceived importance, and perceived susceptibility. Although most patients wanted to receive all types of results, given the differing patient preferences regarding the return of results depending on the utility of the different types of results, it appears critical to safeguard patient understanding of result utility to achieve informed patient choices. This should be accompanied by appropriate consent processes.
- Published
- 2021
40. Intermediate-term outcomes of aortic valve replacement using a bioprosthesis with a novel tissue
- Author
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Agata Bilewskai, Bartley P. Griffith, Craig R. Smith, Shuab Omer, Percy Boateng, Jerzy Sadowski, Lars G. Svensson, William R. Ryan, Tomasz A. Timek, Joseph E. Bavaria, Vaughn A. Starnes, Douglas R. Johnston, Todd K. Rosengart, Hiroo Takayama, Eugene H. Blackstone, Michael E. Halkos, John D. Puskas, Jacek Różański, Mubashir Mumtaz, Leonard N. Girardi, Krzysztof Bartus, Charles T. Klodell, David Heimansohn, and James S. Gammie
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Heart Valve Diseases ,Hemodynamics ,Investigational device exemption ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Prosthesis Design ,New york heart association ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aortic valve replacement ,medicine ,Risk of mortality ,Animals ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Bioprosthesis ,Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ,business.industry ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Thrombosis ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Functional Status ,Treatment Outcome ,030228 respiratory system ,Aortic Valve ,Heart Valve Prosthesis ,Heterografts ,Tears ,Cattle ,Female ,Poland ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Pericardium - Abstract
Objectives The COMMENCE trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an aortic bioprosthesis with novel RESILIA tissue (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, Calif). Reports of early noncalcific valve failure resulting from thrombosis or leaflet tears in other valves warrant careful evaluation of early valve performance. Methods Patients underwent clinically indicated surgical aortic valve replacement with the Edwards Pericardial Aortic Bioprosthesis, Model 11000A (Edwards Lifesciences) in a prospective, multinational, multicenter (n = 27), single-arm, Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption trial. Events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee; echocardiograms were analyzed by an independent core laboratory. Results Between January 2013 and March 2016, 689 patients received the study valve. Mean age was 67.0 ± 11.6 years. Mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 2.0% ± 1.8%. Follow-up duration was 3.7 ± 1.2 years, with a total of 2533 patient years of follow-up and a median follow-up of 4 years. Early all-cause mortality was 1.2%, thromboembolism 2.3%, all bleeding 1.0%, and major paravalvular leak 0.1%. One- and 4-year actuarial freedom from all-cause mortality was 97.7% (95% confidence interval, 96.5%-98.8%) and 91.9% (95% confidence interval, 89.7%-94.1%), respectively. At 4 years, New York Heart Association functional class improved compared with baseline in 63.0%, effective orifice area was 1.5 ± 0.5 cm2, and mean gradient was 11.0 ± 5.6 mm Hg. Freedom from moderate or greater transvalvular insufficiency was 99.7%. There were no events of structural valve deterioration. Conclusions Safety and hemodynamic performance of this aortic bioprosthesis with RESILIA tissue at 4 years are favorable. This novel tissue does not appear to result in unexpected early thrombosis events or noncalcific structural valve deterioration.
- Published
- 2021
41. Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro
- Author
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Mohamed A. Helal, Ahmed M. Abdel-Gawad, Omnia M. Kandil, Marwa M. E. Khalifa, Gareth W. V. Cave, Alison A. Morrison, David J. Bartley, and Hany M. Elsheikha
- Subjects
coriander essential oil ,essential-oil-derived compounds ,parasite control ,gastrointestinal nematodes ,larval motility assay ,fluorometric assay ,Medicine - Abstract
The anthelmintic effects of extracted coriander oil and five pure essential oil constituents (geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, methyl iso-eugenol, and linalool) were tested, using larval motility assay, on the third-stage larvae (L3s) of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Cooperia oncophora. Coriander oil and linalool, a major component of tested coriander oil, showed a strong inhibitory efficacy against all species, except C. oncophora with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) that ranged from 0.56 to 1.41% for the coriander oil and 0.51 to 1.76% for linalool. The coriander oil and linalool combinations conferred a synergistic anthelmintic effect (combination index [CI] p < 0.05), reduced IC50 values to 0.11–0.49% and induced a considerable structural damage to L3s. Results of the combined treatment were validated by quantitative fluorometric microplate-based assays using Sytox green, propidium iodide and C12-resazurin, which successfully discriminated live/dead larvae. Only Sytox green staining achieved IC50 values comparable to that of the larval motility assay. The cytotoxicity of the combined coriander oil and linalool on Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cells was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay and showed no significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations < 1%. These results indicate that testing essential oils and their main components may help to find new potential anthelmintic compounds, while at the same time reducing the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A vaccinology Approach to the Identification and Characterization of Dermanyssus Gallinae Candidate Protective Antigens for the Control of Poultry Red Mite Infestations
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José Francisco Lima-Barbero, Marinela Contreras, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Francisco Manuel Mata-Lorenzo, Roxana Triguero-Ocaña, Olivier Sparagano, Robert D. Finn, Christina Strube, Daniel R.G. Price, Francesca Nunn, Kathryn Bartley, Ursula Höfle, Mariana Boadella, Alasdair J. Nisbet, José de la Fuente, and Margarita Villar
- Subjects
dermanyssus ,poultry red mite ,proteomics ,vaccine ,vaccinology ,control ,protective antigens ,Medicine - Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a hematophagous ectoparasite considered as the major pest in the egg-laying industry. Its pesticide-based control is only partially successful and requires the development of new control interventions such as vaccines. In this study, we follow a vaccinology approach to identify PRM candidate protective antigens. Based on proteomic data from fed and unfed nymph and adult mites, we selected a novel PRM protein, calumenin (Deg-CALU), which is tested as a vaccine candidate on an on-hen trial. Rhipicephalus microplus Subolesin (Rhm-SUB) was chosen as a positive control. Deg-CALU and Rhm-SUB reduced the mite oviposition by 35 and 44%, respectively. These results support Deg-CALU and Rhm-SUB as candidate protective antigens for the PRM control.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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43. Sleep architecture, insulin resistance and the nasal cycle: Implications for positive airway pressure therapy
- Author
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Catherine A.P. Crofts, Alister Neill, Angela Campbell, Jim Bartley, and David E. White
- Subjects
sleep apnoea ,metabolic disease ,sympathovagal balance ,sleep architecture ,hyperinsulinaemia ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: The global pandemic of metabolic disease is worsening. The metabolic theory of obesity proposes that hormonal changes, especially hyperinsulinaemia, precede metabolic disease development. Although quality sleep is recognised as a key factor for good health, less is known about disrupted sleep as a risk factor for hyperinsulinaemia. Aim: To explore the relationship between sleep, especially sleep architecture and the nasal cycle, on insulin secretion in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with comorbid metabolic disease. This review includes a discussion of the potential role of Rest-Activity-Cycler positive airway pressure (RACer-PAP), a novel non-pharmacological OSA treatment strategy. Methods: A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. This review also included results from a polysomnographic sleep clinic pilot study (n = 3) comparing sleep efficiency of RACer-PAP to nasal continuous positive airways pressure (n-CPAP) in OSA patients. Results: Metabolic disease is strongly associated with disturbed sleep. Sleep architecture influences cerebral hormonal secretion, lateral shifts in the autonomic nervous system and nasal airflow dominance. Disturbed sleep shortens short-wave sleep periods, decreasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Improvements to metabolic function during n-CPAP treatment are inconsistent. If RACer-PAP demonstrates superior effects on sleep architecture and autonomic function, it may offer advantages in OSA patients with comorbid metabolic disease. Conclusion: Improving sleep architecture by maintaining the nasal cycle proposes a novel non-pharmacological treatment paradigm for treating OSA with comorbid metabolic disease. Research is required to demonstrate if RACer-PAP therapy influences whole night sleep architecture, sympathovagal balance and markers of metabolic disease.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Prefrontal cortex-dependent innate behaviors are altered by selective knockdown of Gad1 in neuropeptide Y interneurons.
- Author
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Katelynn M Corder, Mariana A Cortes, Aundrea F Bartley, Samantha A Lear, Farah D Lubin, and Lynn E Dobrunz
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
GABAergic dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorder during adolescence. There is a deficiency of GABAergic transmission in anxiety, and enhancement of GABA transmission through pharmacological means reduces anxiety behaviors. GAD67-the enzyme responsible for GABA production-has been linked to anxiety disorders. One class of GABAergic interneurons, Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expressing cells, is abundantly found in brain regions associated with anxiety and fear learning, including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Additionally, NPY itself has been shown to have anxiolytic effects, and loss of NPY+ interneurons enhances anxiety behaviors. A previous study showed that knockdown of Gad1 from NPY+ cells led to reduced anxiety behaviors in adult mice. However, the role of GABA release from NPY+ interneurons in adolescent anxiety is unclear. Here we used a transgenic mouse that reduces GAD67 in NPY+ cells (NPYGAD1-TG) through Gad1 knockdown and tested for effects on behavior in adolescent mice. Adolescent NPYGAD1-TG mice showed enhanced anxiety-like behavior and sex-dependent changes in locomotor activity. We also found enhancement in two other innate behavioral tasks, nesting construction and social dominance. In contrast, fear learning was unchanged. Because we saw changes in behavioral tasks dependent upon prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, we investigated the extent of GAD67 knockdown in these regions. Immunohistochemistry revealed a 40% decrease in GAD67 in NPY+ cells in prefrontal cortex, indicating a significant but incomplete knockdown of GAD67. In contrast, there was no decrease in GAD67 in NPY+ cells in hippocampus. Consistent with this, there was no change in inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampus. Our results show the behavioral impact of cell-specific interneuron dysfunction and suggest that GABA release by NPY+ cells is important for regulating innate prefrontal cortex-dependent behavior in adolescents.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Command, control and communication (C3) during the COVID-19 pandemic; adapting a military framework to crisis response in a tertiary UK critical care centre
- Author
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M Bartley, J Perry, CL Park, Sam Hutchings, A Mills, and F Bartley
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Crisis response ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Critical Care Nursing ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical emergency ,business - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 imposed significant strain on critical care services worldwide. The South London region experienced the largest numbers of critical care admissions in the United Kingdom with King’s College Hospital one of the busiest centres. This article outlines, using a descriptive narrative, the significant changes that occurred within King’s Critical Care as a result of the pandemic and the decisions that were taken to provide effective co-ordination and control to the expanded service, in part drawing on the military experience of two of the authors. The wider context of crisis and major incident leadership and management is also discussed contrasting different approaches used in civilian and military settings.
- Published
- 2021
46. The Effects of Walking or Nordic Walking in Adults 50 Years and Older at Elevated Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Philip D. Chilibeck, Maureen C. Ashe, Isabel B. Rodrigues, Lora Giangregorio, John D. Wark, Zahra Bardai, Lehana Thabane, Debra A. Butt, Matteo Ponzano, Joan Bartley, and Jackie Stapleton
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Osteoporosis ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Walking ,law.invention ,Fractures, Bone ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Femoral neck ,Hip fracture ,Rehabilitation ,Nordic Walking ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Exercise Therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Clinical research ,Meta-analysis ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,human activities ,Gerontology - Abstract
Walking is a common activity among older adults. However, the effects of walking on health-related outcomes in people with low bone mineral density (BMD) are unknown. The authors included randomized controlled trials comparing walking to control in individuals aged ≥50 years with low BMD and at risk of fractures. The authors identified 13 randomized controlled trials: nine multicomponent interventions including walking, one that was walking only, and three Nordic walking trials. Most studies had a high risk of bias. Nordic walking may improve the Timed Up-and-Go values (1.39 s, 95% CI [1.00, 1.78], very low certainty). Multicomponent interventions including walking improved the 6-min walk test (39.37 m, 95% CI [21.83, 56.91], very low certainty) and lumbar spine BMD (0.01 g/cm2, 95% CI [0.00, 0.03], low certainty evidence). The effects on quality of life or femoral neck BMD were not significant. There were insufficient data on fractures, falls, or mortality. Nordic walking may improve physical functioning. The effects on other outcomes are less certain; one may need to combine walking with other exercises to be of benefit.
- Published
- 2021
47. Numerical study of the effect of LVAD inflow cannula positioning on thrombosis risk
- Author
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David J. Kaczorowski, Jiafeng Zhang, Lu Han, Ge He, Bartley P. Griffith, Zhongjun J. Wu, and Aakash Shah
- Subjects
Aortic valve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Hemodynamics ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Thrombosis ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ventricle ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,Mitral valve ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Thrombus ,business ,End-systolic volume - Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been increasingly used as a therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. However, a growing number of clinical observations have shown that LVADs are associated with thromboembolic events, which are potentially related to the changes in intraventricular flow. Particularly, the flow fields around the inflow cannula (IC) of the LVAD. In this study, a fluid structure interaction (FSI) simulation was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamics of a patient specific left ventricle (LV) with varying LVAD IC orientations. The LV model was obtained from computed tomography scans and modeled to have contraction and relaxation during cardiac cycles following available experimental data of LV volume changes. The LV of the patient was assumed to have an end systolic volume of 223.7 mL and a stroke volume of 46.4 mL. Four different IC positions were considered: towards the (1) septum; (2) aortic valve (AV); (3) mitral valve (MV) and (4) inferior wall (IW). The potential thrombus growth around the IC was assumed to be caused by blood stagnation regions with low velocity (
- Published
- 2021
48. Flow characteristics and hemolytic performance of the new Breethe centrifugal blood pump in comparison with the CentriMag and Rotaflow pumps
- Author
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Bartley P. Griffith, Aakash Shah, Lu Han, Zhongjun J. Wu, Ge He, Jiafeng Zhang, Zachary B. K. Berk, and Han Dong
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flow (psychology) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,Hemolysis ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Humans ,Centrifugal blood pump ,Assisted Circulation ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Ventricular assistance ,Hydrodynamics ,Cardiology ,Heart-Assist Devices ,business - Abstract
Blood pumps have been increasingly used in mechanically assisted circulation for ventricular assistance and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support or during cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery. However, there have always been common complications such as thrombosis, hemolysis, bleeding, and infection associated with current blood pumps in patients. The development of more biocompatible blood pumps still prevails during the past decades. As one of those newly developed pumps, the Breethe pump is a novel extracorporeal centrifugal blood pump with a hybrid magnetic and mechanical bearing with attempt to reduce device-induced blood trauma. To characterize the hydrodynamic and hemolytic performances of this novel pump and demonstrate its superior biocompatibility, we use a combined computational and experimental approach to compare the Breethe pump with the CentriMag and Rotaflow pumps in terms of flow features and hemolysis under an operating condition relevant to ECMO support (flow: 5 L/min, pressure head: ~350 mmHg). The computational results showed that the Breethe pump has a smaller area-averaged wall shear stress (WSS), a smaller volume with a scalar shear stress (SSS) level greater than 100 Pa and a lower device-generated hemolysis index compared to the CentriMag and Rotaflow pumps. The comparison of the calculated residence times among the three pumps indicated that the Breethe pump might have better washout. The experimental data from the in vitro hemolysis testing demonstrated that the Breethe pump has the lowest normalized hemolysis index (NIH) than the CentriMag and Rotaflow pumps. It can be concluded based on both the computational and experimental data that the Breethe pump is a viable pump for clinical use and it has better biocompatibility compared to the clinically accepted pumps.
- Published
- 2021
49. Immune response profiling in patients with traumatic injuries associated with alcohol ingestion
- Author
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Mary-Beth Joshi, Lauren M McGowan, Bartley Adams, Adam W. Breslin, Elizabeth Silvius, Eric A. Elster, Bria E Johnston, Chandra A. Almond, Alexander T. Limkakeng, Allan D. Kirk, and Catherine A. Staton
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Future studies ,Inflammatory stress ,Alcohol Drinking ,Alcohol ,RM1-950 ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,law ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Prospective Studies ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,ALCOHOL INGESTION ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Interleukin-6 ,General Neuroscience ,Research ,Bayes Theorem ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,Intensive care unit ,Interleukin-12 ,Interleukin-10 ,chemistry ,Wounds and Injuries ,Blood alcohol content ,Female ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Traumatic injuries afflict more than 5 million people globally every year. Current and past animal research has demonstrated association among alcohol, trauma, and impaired immune function, whereas human registries have shown association between alcohol and morbidity as well as mortality. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the immune interactions with alcohol in traumatically injured patients. We prospectively enrolled 379 patients after trauma at three medical centers in the Surgical Critical Care Initiative. Plasma was analyzed using Luminex for up to 35 different cytokines. Collected samples were grouped by patients with detectable plasma alcohol levels versus those without. Univariate testing determined differences in analytes between groups. We built Bayesian belief networks with multiple minimum descriptive lengths to compare the two groups. All 379 patient samples were analyzed. Two hundred eighty‐two (74.4%) patients were men, and 143 (37.7%) were White. Patients had a median intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) of 5.8 days and hospital LOS of 12 days. Using single variate analyses, eight different cytokines were differentially associated with alcohol. Cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐6 were important nodes in both models and IL‐10 was a prominent node in the nonalcohol model. This study found select immune function differed between traumatically injured patients with measurable serum alcohol levels as compared with those without. Traumatically injured patients with positive blood alcohol content appear less able to inhibit inflammatory stress. Alcohol appears to suppress pro‐inflammatory IL‐12 and IL‐6, whereas patients without alcohol have greater levels of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 expressed at injury and may better regulate anti‐inflammatory pathways. Future studies should determine the relationship with these markers with clinically oriented outcomes.
- Published
- 2021
50. Biopolymer-nanotube nerve guidance conduit drug delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration: In vivo structural and functional assessment
- Author
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Xiaojun Yu, Sangamesh G. Kumbar, Ohan S. Manoukian, Jenna M. Bartley, Jiana T. Baker, Swetha Rudraiah, and Michael R. Arul
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurofilament ,QH301-705.5 ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Nerve guidance conduit ,Schwann cell ,Neurotrophic factor ,Peripheral nerve regeneration ,02 engineering and technology ,Article ,Biomaterials ,Myelin ,Neurotrophic factors ,medicine ,Biology (General) ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Functional recovery ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Sciatic nerve transection ,020601 biomedical engineering ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,TA401-492 ,Sciatic nerve ,Small-molecule drug delivery ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology ,Reinnervation - Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries account for roughly 3% of all trauma patients with over 900,000 repair procedures annually in the US. Of all extremity peripheral nerve injuries, 51% require nerve repair with a transected gap. The current gold-standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, autograft repair, has several shortcomings. Engineered constructs are currently only suitable for short gaps or small diameter nerves. Here, we investigate novel nerve guidance conduits with aligned microchannel porosity that deliver sustained-release of neurogenic 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) for peripheral nerve regeneration in a critical-size (15 mm) rat sciatic nerve transection model. The results of functional walking track analysis, morphometric evaluations of myelin development, and histological assessments of various markers confirmed the equivalency of our drug-conduit with autograft controls. Repaired nerves showed formation of thick myelin, presence of S100 and neurofilament markers, and promising functional recovery. The conduit's aligned microchannel architecture may play a vital role in physically guiding axons for distal target reinnervation, while the sustained release of 4-AP may increase nerve conduction, and in turn synaptic neurotransmitter release and upregulation of critical Schwann cell neurotrophic factors. Overall, our nerve construct design facilitates efficient and efficacious peripheral nerve regeneration via a drug delivery system that is feasible for clinical applications., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Nerve guidance conduit platform with tunable scaffold properties for repair and regeneration of large-gap nerve injuries. • Sustained 4-aminopyridine release amplifies neurotrophic factor release by Schwann cells to promote axon regeneration. • Longitudinally aligned scaffold pores and controllable physicochemical properties provide guidance for axon regeneration. • Critical-size rat sciatic nerve defect healing both structurally and functionally resembled autograft control treatment. • Innovative and transformative scaffold technology imbued with structural and functional features for tissue regeneration. • Scaffold enable tailorable release profiles for small molecules proteins and electrical stimulation for tissue regeneration.
- Published
- 2021
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