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This is a retrospective study whose main objective was to analyze the influence of the Polish Guidelines for the Management of Respiratory Tract Infections of 2010 (PGMRTI) on in-hospital treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Files from four Warsaw hospitals were reviewed to identify children with uncomplicated CAP, treated before (2008–2009) (pre-PGMRTI) and after (2011–2012) (post-PGMRTI) publication of the guidelines. Predefined data on the management were compared. A cohort of 2,359 children (1,081 pre-PGMRTI and 1,278 post-PGMRTI) was included. We found that co-amoxiclav was the most common first-line therapy in children >3 months of age (34.6% and 40.4% pre- and post-PGMRTI, respectively), followed by cefuroxime (31.8% and 20.9% pre- and post-PGMRTI, respectively; p < 0.0001) and macrolides (17.4% and 24.5% pre- and post-PGMRTI, respectively; p < 0.0001). Amoxicillin was rarely used (5.4% and 4.9%, pre- and post-PGMRTI, respectively). The study revealed an overuse of inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mucoactive drugs. Blood diagnostic tests were applied to a significant percentage of patients: blood cultures (41.2% and 44.5% pre-and post-PGMRTI, respectively) and serology for atypical pathogens (27.9% and 44.9% pre-and post-PGMRTI, respectively; p < 0.0001). The number of follow-up chest X-rays increased (30.5% and 53.8% pre- and post-PGMRTI, respectively; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the study demonstrates an unsatisfactory influence of the guidelines on in-hospital management of CAP in children. Despite an explicit recommendation for the use of amoxicillin, it was still underused. Other methods of education and guideline dissemination are needed to optimize the prescribing of antibiotics.

Background: In 2010 in Poland was published Recommendations for Management of Respiratory Tract Infections (RMRTI) which support medical practitioners in every aspect of management of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objective: To analyze the impact of RMRTI on antibiotic prescribing in children with CAP. Material and Methods: We assessed prehospital and hospital antibiotic use in CAP in 4 pediatric hospitals before (2008-2009) and after (2011-2012) RMRTI publication. Results: A group of 2359 children with CAP was enrolled. In outpatients the most common first-line antibiotics were: second generation cephalosporins (CEF), co-amoxiclav and macrolides. There were no differences between pre-recommendation group (PreRG) (n=1081) and post-recommendation group (PostRG) (n=1278). In hospitalized children significant change in first-line therapy was observed in PreRG and PostRG periods: CEF (57.1% vs 16.5% p Conclusion: The study showed that publishing recommendations is not a sufficient form of education. Despite recommendations amoxicillin is still rarely prescribed in CAP in children. Other forms of active teaching are needed to convince clinicians to adhere to the guidelines.