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Reverse logistics programs to support end-of-life product management strategies are becoming more prevalent as firms respond to stricter regulations and increasing consumer expectations. Despite a growing body of theoretical literature on this topic, many firms struggle to implement efficient and effective reverse logistics systems. This research identifies common strategic, tactical, and operational considerations needed to design reverse logistics programs, and offers industry examples to show how organizations have excelled in these areas. Through a synthesis of literature and examples, key takeaways are provided across a range of reverse logistics activities. In doing so, this paper illustrates ways in which managers can implement best practices in reverse logistics that not only benefit the environment but also generate societal and stakeholder value, augment and improve customer service and loyalty, and increase market share and revenue capabilities.

Until very recently, the major focus of research in the field of consumer behavior has been on the selection of products, brands and decision choices primarily in the sphere of marketing. The purpose of this paper was to modify a model developed to measure market share to account for the variables that enter into the selection of a political candidate and predict voting behavior.

Our understanding of airline passengers' perception of safety and its association with their satisfaction and airline service quality measures is limited in the literature. This study aims to conduct a systematic examination of airline passengers’ perception of safety and its association with demographics attributes, service quality measures, overall satisfaction and loyalty by using Vietnam to Australia route as a case study. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 436 respondents travelling on a full-service airline flying from Vietnam to Australia. Only 53.4% of respondents feel safe while travelling in the airline while 28.9% feel neutral safe and 17.7% feel unsafe. We found that the four service quality measures of SERVQUAL model (Tangibles, Reliability, Assurance and Empathy) and airline specific measures (Flight Experience, Ground Service, Airline Employees and Flight Schedule) had significant effects on the passengers' perception of safety. Also, respondents' differences in educational qualification, frequency of travel, ticket types and the membership of frequent flyer program (FFP) had a significant effect on their perception of safety. Likewise, passengers’ overall satisfaction and loyalty to the airline also had a significant effect on the perception of safety. No effects on the perception of safety were found for differences in gender, age, nationality, income and purpose of travel. Although all airlines flying in and out of Australia must meet Australia's Safety Management System regulations and requirements, our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the relationship between passengers' perception of safety and their satisfaction. There is an opportunity for the airline operator to secure a lead in the market share of air travel by improving service quality measures that can influence passengers' perception of safety.

Using a large sample of securities class action lawsuits, we examine the association of law firm market share with litigation outcomes. We find lawsuits with top market share plaintiff law firms are less likely to be dismissed and take longer to be dismissed and to reach settlement. In contrast, lawsuits with top defendant law firms reach settlement faster. Top market share defendant law firms are neither associated with suit dismissal nor with speed of dismissal. Finally, neither top plaintiff nor top defendant law firms are associated with the cash and/or total settlement amount. These results suggest plaintiff and/or defendant law firm market share is an important factor in securities class action litigation outcomes. The results favor the view that plaintiff and defendant law firms with a higher market share are more reputable and better serve the interests of their respective clients in securities class action litigations.

This paper analyzes price collusion in a repeated game with two submarkets; a standard and a premium quality segment. Within this setting, we study four types of price-fixing agreement: (i) a segment-wide cartel in the premium submarket only, (ii) a segment-wide cartel in the standard submarket only, (iii) two segment-wide cartels, and (iv) an industry-wide cartel. We present a complete characterization of the collusive pricing equilibrium and examine the corresponding effeect on market shares and welfare. Partial cartels operating in a sufficiently large segment lose market share and the industry-wide cartel prefers to maintain market shares at pre-collusive levels. The impact on consumer and social welfare critically depends on the cost of producing quality. Moreover, given that there is a cartel, more collusion can be beneficial for society as a whole.

The service industry has become increasingly competitive. One of the main drivers for increasing profits and market share is service quality. When consumers encounter a bad experience, or a frustration, they may be tempted to stop using the service. In collaboration with the ride-sharing platform Via, our goal is to understand the benefits of proactively compensating customers who have experienced a frustration. Motivated by historical data, we consider two types of frustrations: long waiting times and long travel times. We design and run three field experiments to investigate how different types of compensation affect the engagement of riders who experienced a frustration. We find that sending proactive compensation to frustrated riders (i) is profitable and boosts their engagement behavior, (ii) works well for long waiting times but not for long travel times, (iii) seems more effective than sending the same offer to nonfrustrated riders, and (iv) has an impact moderated by past usage frequency. We also observe that the best strategy is to send credit for future usage (as opposed to waiving the charge or sending an apologetic message). This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Multiple studies employ consumers’ intentions rather than actual purchases when assessing organic food consumption. These studies typically suggest a green bias in organic market share. Employing reactance and construal level theory, this research investigates the impact of one’s social distance to the character depicted in ads (animal vs. human) and the temporal distance (present vs. future) toward organic animal husbandry on consumers’ purchase responses directly; indirectly, as related to the portrayed character; and generally to organic foods. Three 2 (temporal distance: low, high) × 2 (social distance: low, high) between-subjects experiments demonstrate that low social distance depicting humans rather than animals induces psychological reactance, which impedes purchase intentions of organic groceries, whereas ads featuring high social and temporal distance (depicting animals in an ideal future husbandry state) increase consumers’ purchase intentions and actual purchase behavior, even for products with no direct connection to the depicted character in the ads.

While researchers have stressed the potential of automated vehicle (AV) technology in improving mobility and accessibility for a range of people, only a few attempts have been made to examine the impact of this new technology on different segments of the population in a realistic setting using high-fidelity simulation. To fill this gap, we analyze the equity implications of Automated Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) in three full-scale prototype cities using SimMobility, a state-of-the-art activity- and agent-based framework. The prototype cities were developed based on two auto-dependent typologies, representing cities largely in the US/Canada, and a dense transit-oriented typology. We perform equity analyses at the individual and income-group level, in order to reveal the winners and losers from the introduction of AVs under two scenarios: (1) AMoD Intro, in which a low-cost AMoD service competes with mass transit, and (2) AMoD Transit Integration, where AMoD complements mass transit, via access/egress connectivity service to rapid transit stations. We evaluate the following outcomes: induced demand by age and income groups, mode share by income levels, individual kilometers traveled by different modes and income levels, and the spatial distribution of change in fare and accessibility. Outcomes are considered as equity-oriented if they reduce accessibility gaps, particularly among disadvantaged populations. Our results indicate that in large population-dense and transit-oriented cities, the most equity-oriented outcomes can be achieved, due to extensive mass transit usage, which depresses car usage and restricts induced demand for AMoD. Such cities provide greater opportunities for low-income groups. Specifically, the AMoD Transit Integration scenario results in the best outcomes and implies a new market share, as disadvantaged groups, such as children and low-income individuals, were able to travel more using the integrated AMoD-transit service. Nevertheless, in car-dependent cities, where accessibility gaps are much larger, AMoD Intro scenario performs better compared to AMoD Transit Integration, as it serves the less accessible population and significantly improves their opportunities.

In recent years, organizations in the tourism and service industries have fiercely competed to attract tourists and to gain market share and profit. It is challenging for entrepreneurs and the gove...

In this study, the authors will analyze several financial ratios included in the bank health assessment indicators and are used to analyze the relationship between these ratios and the market share of banking in Indonesia. This research was conducted at BUKU IV bank using quarterly data from the 2009 to 2019 period obtained by the authors from the published reports of these banks. The author sees the importance and obligation for stakeholders, including regulators and the public to see market share information as a monitoring and awareness tool for the BUKU IV bank. That the BUKU IV bank has a major influence in realizing a healthy banking system, strong and efficient, as a company capable of influencing economic development in Indonesia (agent of development), has a major reputation risk to maintain stakeholder trust (agent of trust), and as a tool measure to see the satisfaction of banking services to the public (agent of services). The results of research using the Random Effect model showed that the Gross NPL variable, Net NPL had a negative and insignificant effect on the market share of BUKU IV in Indonesia. The variables of non-performing productive assets and non-productive assets with problems on total productive assets and non-productive assets have a significant negative effect on the market share of BUKU IV in Indonesia. The variables ROA, NIM, OEOI, KPMM, CKPN, problematic productive assets on total productive assets have a significant positive effect on the market share of BUKU IV in Indonesia. The CASA variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the market share of BUKU IV in Indonesia.

Reyog handicraft industry is one of the leading SMEs in Ponorogo Regency. In early 2020, the Government of Ponorogo Regency established a new building as a production and promotion center for SMEs actors, namely the Industrial Center. This research aims to analyze the feasibility of business financial aspects and development strategies of reyog craftsmen after the construction of industrial centers. Research method using quantitative descriptive approach, informant selected using purposive sampling technique as many as 9 craftsmen. The method of data retrieval through interviews combined with a list of open questionnaires and field observations. Feasibility analysis uses NPV, PBP, IRR and B/C Ratio calculations, while development strategies are analyzed with SWOT. The results of the financial feasibility analysis of 3 types of handicrafts, namely barongan head, bujangganong mask and kelonosewandono mask indicate that the development of reyog handicraft business is feasible and continued. Swot analysis results related to the development strategy used by craftsmen consists of market penetration, product development and market development, including expanding market share by utilizing social media, maintaining the quality of raw materials used production, prioritizing the production of goods that have a faster turnover, have a stock of raw materials production for several months and maintain the prevailing price standards in the market.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a form of international private business self-regulation that contributes to the social aims of a charitable, activist, or philanthropic nature through helping ethically based practices. The benefits from CSR like generating better public image, enhance in community support, enhance in market share, enhance in the satisfaction of the consumer, enhance in the exports, offering better quality services and products, and enhance in the productivity is not considered as the perception level consumers. This paper analyzes the effect of CSR activities on the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries on the basis of the retention of the consumers of FMCG products. Initially, a questionnaire is prepared that consists of five categories. Each category is composed of more than ten questions. The information related to the questionnaire is obtained in the view of the professional students from Odisha. The customers are requested to fill the exact information as much as possible. Next, a higher-order statistical analysis is considered for realizing the behaviour of the categories. Additionally, the usage of deep learning called Optimized RNN (O-RNN) is used for predicting the customer retention in maintaining the CSR on FMCG industries. The improvement in the traditional RNN is done by optimizing the hidden neurons by the improved form of Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm (slno) called Modified slno (M-slno) with the intention of minimizing the error among the actual and the predicted outcome, hence it is called as O-RNN. The retention of the customers regarding the effect of CSR activities on FMCG companies and the benefits from CSR is investigated using the O-RNN prediction analysis against several traditional deep learning models as well as different statistical measures.

Deposit insurance system (DIS) exists for 17 years in Russia. The major deposit market share belongs to state banks. Ordinary depositors may perceive the status of the bank state ownership to reflect additional deposit safety, even in the excess of the DIS limits. Such a situation is called an “implicit deposit insurance” in the literature. By offering a sort of implicit deposit insurance services state banks might underprice the deposits in excess of DIS limits compared to the private banks. We utilize data from the open sources to measure the scale of the implicit deposit insurance pricing in Russian state banks. We have revealed that Russian state banks pay extra premium all other things being equal. More specifically, the premium is larger in the smallest and the largest state banks, than in the medium-sized ones. Thus, we claim that the implicit insurance premium has a U-shaped form for Russian state banks depending on their asset size. However, Russian state banks underprice all deposits all other things being equal. Additionally, we find out that IRB banks in Russia are more prone to set up higher deposit rates when they take on more risks, than non-IRB banks.

Global demand for organic foods outstrips supply creating a gap that developing-country producers may be able to capitalize on to expand market shares. In many African countries, the domestic marke...

The global sports industry has rapidly expanded its scope, and its domain has extended across the world. World sports events including the Olympics, FIFA, Wimbledon Tennis, Tour de France Cycling and many other events have a far reach, a large audience as well as a wide range of participation. With its massive impact, the industry has become inexplorable today and the higher interest of consumers in sports persuades a need to understand the unique behaviour of sports consumers. The current research was conducted to identify the marketing factors that influence sports consumer behaviour. This study was focused on the population of young adults in Dera Ismail Khan, a division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A questionnaire encircling marketing factors was distributed among 220 respondents. The study was followed by a quantitative method and the participants' responses were analyzed through statistical inferences. The analyzed data indicated that six (06) marketing factors, such as product quality, price, product accessibility & reach, brand image, and sustainable manufacturing have a significant influence on sports consumer behaviour. These findings suggest that sports goods manufacturing companies in Pakistan should give due attention to consumer demands and devise relevant marketing strategies to grow their businesses and gain higher market shares.

I develop an empirical framework to disentangle dierent sources of consumer inertia in the US wireless industry. The use of a detailed data set allows me to identify preference heterogeneity from consumer type-specific market shares and switching costs from churn rates. Identification of a localized network eect comes from comparing the dynamics of distinct local markets. The central condition for identification is that neither the characteristics defining consumer heterogeneity nor the characteristics defining reference groups are a (weak) subset of the other. Being able to separate switching costs and network eects is important as both can lead to

As an emerging technology that does not rely on the construction of several parking facilities and effectively relieves the pressure of urban parking, shared parking is widely promoted. However, users may turn to conventional parking mode because of concerns about the performance of shared parking modes. Therefore, to determine why users change parking mode and to improve the behavior patronage rate of shared parking mode, studying the factors influencing users’ behavior intentions is very important. Technology acceptance model and satisfaction–loyalty model are combined to construct a comprehensive framework for analyzing the key factors that affect the behavioral intentions of shared parking mode and to describe the multidimensional characteristics of the behavioral intentions. The hypotheses were tested and analyzed on the basis of the empirical data of Harbin and the structural equation model (SEM). Eventually, a multigroup SEM analysis, which takes gender as a moderating variable, is used. Results show that the re-patronage of shared parking is significantly affected by its technology acceptance and that the perceived risk is the key variable leading to change parking mode. In addition, the factor invariance of the identified model framework is examined against gender, and few significant differences are found. The framework is expected to contribute to operators in increasing their market share of shared parking services and to governments in promoting new transportation technologies in cities.

La atención al cliente como parte fundamental de la gestión empresarial, ha generado cambios sustanciales con el avance tecnológico, lo que ha obligado a las empresas a desarrollar nuevas estrategias para mantenerse en el contexto competitivo de la industria, la misma que se ve evidenciada con la atención ágil en la fila de un banco, supermercado, oficinas de gobierno, agencias de viaje. El tiempo de espera genera pérdidas económicas para los usuarios y en las empresas genera pérdida de cuota de mercado sumado a la mala reputación por la baja calidad de atención. El objetivo de este trabajo generar un aporte con un análisis de la teoría de colas y tiempo de espera para la industria de las agencias de viaje, que en el contexto de la pandemia se han visto obligadas a utilizar la tecnología basado en la metodología de un modelo de colas de canales múltiples, sujetos a diversos supuestos, orientados con trabajos previos de diferentes autores. Los resultados principales evidencian que se debe trabajar en el tiempo promedio de atención, apoyado con el uso de la tecnología, y de esta manera limitar a ciertas actividades del proceso la atención telefónica, reduciendo de manera significativa los tiempos de espera en la fila y de esta manera propender a una mejora continua en la atención al cliente.

Customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty are the three most fundamental elements of e-marketing. Previous researchers have noted that satisfaction is a key factor in commanding loyalty. However, the relationship between satisfaction, trust, and loyalty is strongly dependent on the type of platform provided by digital stores. On the other hand, gamification in E-businesses has grown rapidly in recent years. In this context, it is necessary to explore the effects of gamification on e-customer satisfaction and loyalty. In this paper, it is argued that customer satisfaction alone cannot inspire loyalty. Simply speaking, customers’ satisfaction with gamified services can lead to developing trust and, in turn, loyalty. This research also presents a thorough review of the effect of store-related motivational factors, such as gamification, on trust. These factors include moderator and mediator variables. The hypotheses of this study are considered in the context of one of the largest online retail stores in Iran which enjoys a large market share in the Middle East. To this end, Lawshe content validity ratio is utilized and expert opinions are applied to the proposed model. Evaluation results, obtained through the smartPLS, established the robustness of our modeling in terms of reliability analysis, significance level analysis, discriminant validity analysis, coefficient of determination, model fitting, and cross-validation.

Rapid advancements in digital technology have had a significant influence on businesses' websites. Organizations with well-designed websites have the potential of attracting customers, generating revenues, and increasing market share. Nevertheless, many organizations that are investing billions of US dollars on websites and page development are not attracting customers or generating revenues, incomes, and profits as expected. The study focuses on bounce rate as a key performance measure of website effectiveness. The research focus is on the factors that influence bounce rate to provide insights to advertisers and websites' designers to predict the effectiveness and quality of online advertisements before these ads are shown to both web users and online visitors. The authors investigated the influence of page view, unique page view, average time on page, entrances, and percent exit on bounce rate. The study shows that unique pageviews, average time on page, entrance, and percent exit have a positive and significant effect on bounce rate and have practical and research implications.

Research methodology The case is written based on general experience. Case overview/synopsis Zealvita is a challenger brand to NutriMalt in the white malted food drink (MFD) category. It has a product formula that compares favorably on taste and equally on nutrition. However, Zealvita is not able to translate the power product formula to a winning market formula. Drawing on its legacy and strong adoption route, NutriMalt built a dominant 88% market share in the White MFD category. The market rule of “disproportionate market share for the leading brand” applies with inexorable force in MFD. Smarting at the low market share, Zealvita is in search of a marketing strategy to create churn. Rajiv Product Manager of Zealvita believes that consumer sales promotion of a higher order and at a higher frequency than what is normal can tilt the scales. From Zealvita’s perspective is there a strategic advantage in operating consumer promotion? Is it safe to assume that NutriMalt will not retaliate with consumer promotion? Can consumer sales promotion be sustained at planned frequency? What is the logic in a continuous consumer promotion program? Complexity academic level This case can be used at the post-graduate level in the Marketing Strategy course or in a course that has a sales promotion management or competition management segment. This case is also appropriate for use in executive education programs. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Along with the rapid growth of the economy today , marketing has an increasingly important position in the business world . This is because the purpose of the company to grab market share from the sale of products optimally , quickly is to do direct sales . One form of the use of marketing in the business world , especially in the field of sales is to use direct sales it has the ability to provide information needed by the company and employees . With the effect of face-to- face sales in increasing sales volume paving blocks are designed to meet the needs of such administration , knowing the amount of production of goods every day , managing employee wages and production costs in order to test the relationship between the independent variables with the dependent variable . Based on the hypothesis by using the test " t" is obtained " t" count is greater than the " t" table that t ( h) = 31.67 , and " t" ( table) = 1.86 at odds tarap confidence (0 , 95) which means that the hypothesis ( Ha) is received stating that the very significant effect of the implementation of the policy face to face sales to increase in sales volume of paving blocks on PT . Baruna Alam Lestari Bandung . Based on a correlation product showed a high correlation Moment is located between 0.80 < r ≤ 0.100 and indicates the positive direction with the degree of influence of 94% and a very high categorized sertasisanya 60% influenced by other factors . Implementation face to face will give a big hand to the sales volume of paving blocks on PT . Baruna Alam Lestari Bandung in the amount of 94% even if the bias higher inhibitory factors that 6% can be minimized . This means that there is a significant direct sales to increase in sales volume .

Purpose Hotel industry is witnessing a radical change as a result of technology interaction such as artificial intelligence (AI) in service tasks. As a result of this transformation, the pattern of service delivery based on human interaction has been changed to digital interaction. This brought opportunities to the hotels industry and consolidate its competitive advantage. However, the understanding gap still existed in both practical implementation and literature, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this paper aims to explore how hotels use AI to carry out services tasks. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted the qualitative research method through Semi interviews. The sample was purposively selected from five 5-star hotels in the UAE, meanwhile, the managers were the targeted respondents. Findings Through content analysis, the authors find that the UAE hotels use AI in managing trip planning, reception service and room services. The authors also find that there are four key drivers that improve the performance of AI, which include AI infrastructure flexibility, strategic alignment, management and skills. Finally, the authors found four indicators of the impact of AI on hotels, which are quality, cost and market share and customers satisfaction. Originality/value This study is one of few studies that explored the use of AI in the hotels industry and discussed how AI influence several aspects of hotels performance and helped them to attain their competitive advantage. This study is also one of few studies and the first study in UAE to explore the key drivers of AI performance in UAE hotels.

This study was carried out at Asri Jewellery engaged in a craft of bone carving, located at Br. Mantring, Tampaksiring Village, Bali. The training, mentoring, and evaluation methods for the sustainability of service activities. The results were the installation of wifi and neon boxes, website creation, product catalogs and brochures, business cards and business stamps, and online promotion assistance and through social media and marketplaces. The activities that have been carried out have provided the benefit of increasing a wider market share which resulted in the income maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Selling fair-trade products can be problematic because of their higher price when compared with conventional alternatives. We propose that one way to solve this problem is to make consumers aware of the benefits of fair-trade. To this end, we perform three experimental studies to show that partitioned pricing (PP), which explicitly displays fair-trade as a separate price component, increases consumers’ purchase intention toward the fair-trade product. This effect can be explained by increased perceptions of price fairness, which itself is mediated through transparency (but only if an additional verbal justification of the fair-trade price component is present). In the absence of such a verbal justification, recalled prices instead of transparency explain the positive effect of PP on consumers’ purchase intentions. Interestingly, boundary conditions of this effect barely exist. Our incentive-aligned study illustrates that PP is associated with a 20% increase in purchases of fair-trade products. The results demonstrate an opportunity to increase the market share of fair-trade products, which increases social welfare and sustainability.

In developing countries, food systems are mainly characterized by unorganized, traditional supply chains, and limited market infrastructure. Bulk quantity of the harvested produce is lost every year because of the absence of proper postharvest handling and management practices. The current study was conducted to estimate and identify the major causes for postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables in Debre Markos, north-western Ethiopia. Forty respondents who were retailing fruits and vegetables were randomly selected and qualitative and quantitative data were collected by using direct market observation and semistructured questioners. The result of the present study revealed significant differences between sociodemographic factors, handling practices, and postharvest loss. Educational status, selling experience, and packaging material have a significant relationship with postharvest loss. A significant difference was obtained among the transportation methods used, the selling place, storage methods, and materials. The result also indicated that fewer than 20 percent of respondents practiced selling fruits and vegetables in the resident mini shop. The majority of damaged produce was sold at a discount price. Retailers do not have formal knowledge of postharvest handling practices. The average postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables were estimated to be five to eighty-three percent of the market share. Mainly, during retailing, rotting, mechanical damage, poor handling, improper management of temperature and relative humidity, and hygiene problems during handling are among the major causes of postharvest losses. To reduce the high postharvest loss and supply quality products for consumers throughout the year, intervention activities such as the construction of permanent selling place for perishables, practicing various evaporative cooling technologies, outset training, awareness creation, and infrastructures should be effectively and urgently addressed.

Facebook, the world’s largest online networking platform, is the subject of multiple antitrust investigations by various state and federal regulators. Yet scholars and practitioners remain divided on how to measure Facebook’s market power. Some argue that conventional approaches for identifying market power are suitable for the online networking market. This Article argues such conventional approaches are inadequate for assessing market power in online networking markets.This Article begins by introducing the traditional approaches that courts have employed to assess market power: the direct effects approach, the Lerner Index approach, and the market share approach. It next describes Facebook’s business model and shows that, because Facebook is a two-sided market, these traditional approaches should not be applied to Facebook.Instead, the Article proposes that the information gaps, switching costs, and entry barriers approaches are better suited for assessing the market power of online networking platforms. The Article thus concludes by proposing a legal framework for assessing market power in online networking platforms which employs such non-traditional approaches. While this Article uses Facebook as the main case study, this paper’s findings are equally applicable to similar online networking platforms.

Credit cards are widely popular financial product around the world which is attached to consumer’s daily lifestyle. Credit cards are used for all sorts of payments by consumers based on their requirements. Consumer credit card usage is differing from person to person hence this study examines the factor’s that impact on consumer credit card usage behavior in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted in the western province where the primary data for the survey was collected through a self-completed questionnaire which was distributed among 100 diverse credit card users. The sample of 100 respondents was selected through the convenient sampling technique and collected data were analyzed using a regression model and correlation analysis. This study finds a significant positive relationship between credit card attributes and credit card usage. A similar relationship was evident for social status and lifestyle variable and psychographic variable. Based on the results; credit card attributes emerged as the prominent factor impact on credit card use among Sri Lankan consumers. Further, the factors considered under this study were based on the research model developed under the conceptual framework. Whereas there are many other factors that could have influenced consumer credit card usage behavior. The findings of this study are very much helpful for the credit card issuers to structure their marketing strategies and to enhance the market share of credit card market. Similarly, this research will assist in changing the revenue structure of the credit card business.

PurposeExpanding the market share of safe food through a modern retail system has faced a lot of difficulties in Vietnam. Thus, a further understanding of consumer behaviour and loyalty towards such food is essential for food retailers. This study aims at exploring segments of consumer loyalty and its influential factors towards safe food brands in the country.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 250 consumers buying safe food in Hanoi city in February 2019, two-step cluster and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied.FindingsThe results show that four segments of brand loyalty were formed from the interaction between attitudinal and behavioural loyalty as the framework of Dick and Basu (1994), namely, true loyalty, spurious loyalty, latent loyalty and disloyalty. Notably, over 60% of the consumers were in latent loyalty and spurious loyalty, indicating variety-seeking behaviour, multi-brand loyalty or low recognition of the brand. Consumer satisfaction was the most vital motivating consumers to higher loyalty levels. Additionally, brand trust and brand familiarity played significant roles in developing true brand loyalty. An attractive selling store and friendly staff were also important in enhancing brand loyalty.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to elicit consumer loyalty and identify factors driving the loyalty towards brands of safe food in a developing country like Vietnam.

Market share determines the position of revenue and public utilization of Sharia bank. This research aims to examine the internal and external determinant factors of Indonesia Sharia banking market share. The secondary data were obtained from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI). Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) was used to explore the short and long periods from the influence of variables, including total of offices, customers, third-party saving (DPK), and promotion. The results showed that the total number of Automated Teller Machines (ATM) had a contrastingly different impact. Therefore, this research recommends adding all variables quantitatively.

The paper discusses the methodology for assessing the competitiveness of banks in the context of the services provided, the assessment is carried out on the example of the leading, largest Kazakhstani banks.The purpose of the study is to assess the competitiveness of the services of the largest Kazakhstani banks and to determine possible directions for improving the creditworthiness of the studied banks.Methodology: to conduct the study, a set of methods is used based on the developments of other authors, in particular, those related to the analysis of the fi nancial condition, the market share of banks and the quality of the provision of fi nancial services to clients.The originality (value) of the study lies in the developed adapted methodology for analyzing the competitiveness of Kazakhstani banks.Findings: the results of the study represent an assessment of the competitiveness of second-tier banks in Kazakhstan (the largest) at the beginning of 2021.

We study a supply chain consisted of a supplier and both retailers, and the supplier sells a single product through a dominant retailer and a weak retailer. The aggressive bargaining behavior of the dominant retailer brings the supplier much concern and two feasible strategies are presented to respond to that: difference-setting wholesale pricing contract and integration with the weak retailer. We investigate the decisions of supply chain members under each solution and find that, compared to the traditional form, the supplier always benefits from announcing the difference-setting wholesale pricing contract for it not only raises the marginal wholesale profits of both channels but also reduces the market share of the dominant retailer, thus potentially weakening its channel power. In addition, we show that combining with the weak retailer is not a wise choice for suppliers when the dominant retailer with relatively little bargaining power enjoys a large market share. Finally, by comparing the equilibria of these two solutions, we find that the optimal choice for suppliers depends not only on the difference in market share but also on the dominant retailer’s bargaining power in the negotiation.

France has a single-payer health insurance system that has the authority to impose pharmaceutical price reductions but relies on decentralized market negotiations between hospitals and manufacturers to establish prices for injected and infused biologics. Hospitals rely on biosimilars-less expensive but therapeutically equivalent variants of biologic medications-to stimulate competition. Price reductions negotiated by hospitals subsequently are adopted by the health insurance system, driving hospitals to negotiate a new round of discounts. This article measures 2004-20 trends in prices, price reductions, utilization, and market shares for three prominent biologics-Remicade, Enbrel, and Humira-and their eleven competing biosimilars. Biosimilar launches are associated with a sequence of price reductions for the reference biologic, for other biologics that treat similar conditions, and for all related biosimilars. The French experience provides lessons for the US in its efforts to use competition from biosimilars to drive price reductions and savings from biologics.

The Digital Age saw the rise of several rapidly growing digital platforms with substantial market shares, and this development is expected to continue. Europe is a large target market for these globally operating platforms, although the majority of the most successful platforms come from the USA and Asia and will likely continue to do so in the future. This article reveals the reasons for the success of digital platforms and discusses the recent European Commission proposal for a Digital Markets Act based on the analysis of the status quo.

We study the economic interactions among sellers and buyers in online markets. In such markets, buyers have limited information about the product quality, but can observe the sellers' reputations which depend on their past transaction histories and ratings from past buyers. Sellers compete in the same market through pricing, while considering the impact of their heterogeneous reputations. We consider sellers with limited as well as unlimited capacities, which correspond to different practical market scenarios. In the unlimited seller capacity scenario, buyers prefer the seller with the highest reputation-price ratio. If the gap between the highest and second highest seller reputation levels is large enough, then the highest reputation seller dominates the market as a monopoly. If sellers' reputation levels are relatively close to each other, then those sellers with relatively high reputations will survive at the equilibrium, while the remaining relatively low reputation sellers will get zero market share. In the limited seller capacity scenario, we further consider two different cases. If each seller can only serve one buyer, then it is possible for sellers to set their monopoly prices at the equilibrium while all sellers gain positive market shares; if each seller can serve multiple buyers, then it is possible for sellers to set maximum prices at the equilibrium. Simulation results show that the dynamics of reputations and prices in the longer-term interactions will converge to stable states, and the initial buyer ratings of the sellers play the critical role in determining sellers' reputations and prices at the stable state.

A high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases remains prevalent in the Russian Federation, despite a decreasing trend that emerged in recent years. Rhythm and conduction disorders play an essential role in the thanatogenesis of cardiovascular pathology, which determines the medical and social significance of their pharmacotherapy. This is indicated by the stable demand for antidysrhythmic drugs from both the state and the population. This is evidenced by high levels of public procurements and retail sales of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, since patients take this drug group for a long time and often permanently. Our marketing analysis of the antidysrhythmic drugs market used current open data from the State Register of Medicines and the State Register of Maximum Selling Prices and available analytical data. It showed that from 54.5% (metoprolol drugs) to 100% (procainamide drugs) of the market share is occupied by generic drugs made in Russia. The presented analysis confirms the assumption of a significant increase in the share of generic drugs in public procurements. This is associated with the implementation of the drug safety program for vital and essential drugs and the optimization of costs by the state. A priority of the state drug policy in Russia is to monitor the effectiveness and safety throughout its entire life cycle. Moreover, particular importance should be given to the issue of interchangeability, which is regulated by Federal Law No. 1360 dated September 5, 2020, On the Procedure for Determining the Interchangeability of Medicines for Medical Use. The annual increase in the share of generic domestic antidysrhythmic drugs on the market poses the problem of selecting the most efficient and safe approach to pharmacotherapy for practicing specialists. The solution may be to develop and implement open automated information systems for the safety profiles of the original and generic antidysrhythmic drugs.

In World War II, female volunteers participated in the work of delivering food to soldiers. The idea of food service delivery spread from the UK to the United States, and food delivery has become a new business model worldwide. In 1987, Pizza Hut began to order by phone and provide food delivery services to capture market share. With the development of the internet and the popularity of smartphone, online ordering and online food delivery (OFD) have become a trend, lifestyle and multibillion-dollar business. In 2017, Malaysia's online food delivery boomed. There are numerous food ordering service platforms on the market, including FoodPanda, Uber Eats (now changed to GrabFood), Honestbee, Dahmakan, DeliverEat, Running Man Delivery, etc. Hence, this research aims to identify factors that continue to influence Malaysian consumer satisfaction with online food delivery after the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. The results show that perceived price, promotion & discount, convenience motivation, service approach quality, and food quality positively impact the trend factors of OFD services. These findings can provide essential insights for OFD service providers, the restaurant industry and academics, critical for OFD services to improve consumer satisfaction.

This paper decomposes pollution releases by U.S. manufacturing establishments to show the relative importance of four establishment-level channels: entry, exit, reallocation between survivors, and within-establishment adjustment of emissions intensity. Using a panel of establishment-level output and pollution emissions to air and water for U.S. manufacturers, we decompose changes in pollution emissions into the three channels typically presented in the literature: changes in scale (output), composition (industry market share), and industry-level technique (emissions intensity). We then decompose changes due to industry-level emissions intensity into four establishment level channels for three criteria air pollutants and water pollution. For volatile organic compound emissions, nearly two-thirds of the reduction in sector-level emissions intensity is due to within-establishment reductions in emissions intensity. The other third is driven by reallocation to cleaner establishments. Though the magnitudes differ, results are broadly similar for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Onsite releases of effluents to water exhibit a similar pattern, though the relative importance of reallocation is greater. Additionally we find that within-establishment reductions in water emissions are associated with increased transfers to offsite publicly owned treatment facilities. The heterogeneous contributions across channels suggests that the cleanup in the U.S. manufacturing sector likely has multiple sources.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Dermal filler (DF) is a widely used nonsurgical option for facial rejuvenation with a rapidly expanding market. Physician payments by DF industry leaders have yet to be characterized. We sought to investigate trends in physician-industry payments by DF companies over 6 years. Differences in payments based on physician specialty and time were characterized. STUDY DESIGN Database review. METHODS The Open Payments Database was queried from 2013 to 2018. Payments made by the three largest DF companies by market share to otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists were analyzed. Total dollars paid, number of payments made, type of payments made, and total number of specialists paid were recorded. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists received average annual payments of $0.36 million, $6.3 million, and $6.6 million respectively (P

Aims: The study aimed at assessing the similarities and the differences between French wine producers’ perception of Belarusian consumers and the actual behavior of Belarusian consumers. Study design: Questionnaires filled in individually were used to compare consumers and producers’ perception. The questionnaire was made up of general questions addressing socio-demographic data, the kind of beverage preferred, the frequency of consumption of wine, the type of wine preferred, the origin of the wine preferred (producer country), the price and the criteria for purchasing wine. The aim was to get to know their profiles, their habits regarding purchasing and consuming alcohol and more specifically wine. Place and Duration of Study: Consumer survey was undertaken in 2018 in Belarus and producers survey was undertaken in 2019 in France. Methodology: Subjects were all volunteers. Belarussian consumer subjects were healthy (especially no addiction to alcohol, no food disorders) and adult. French participants were experienced producers or novices separated in two sub-samples. Comparison between answers used t-test and z-test. Results: Producers have a correct representation of the type of wine sought by Belarusian consumers and of the criteria to select it but misperceive who shop for wine and how it is consumed. In addition, French producers imagine their wine to be preferred while it is this of Moldavia. Conclusion: This may lead the producers to offer the wrong product for the wrong consumer target and contribute to explain why French wines only ranked fourth regarding importation of wine in Belarus while France is the world's leading wine exporter. This also suggests that the teaching program in French wine schools might be adapted.

2020 posed a series of unforeseen challenges for economic actors. Digitalization, one of the most critical drivers of innovation, provided a lifeline for organizations who anticipated the opportunity and ramifications of a global pandemic. Digitalization offered alternative solutions for contacting partners, serving customer needs, retaining customers, and creating the possibility of online administration. The present study seeks to answer the question – using a database of ongoing research – to what extent are Hungarian and Romanian businesses able to discover the characteristics of the digital transformation, where and to what extent digital technology plays a role in the supply chain, and whether they have started digitization. The developed quantitative database was analyzed and processed utilizing SPSS 25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were run, followed by an analysis of variance to explore the existing relationships. For the multiple mean comparison test, the Tamhane test was used to analyze for differences in groups. As a result of the evaluation, the authors found statistical support that managers opinions on Internet Platforms creating more accessible business agreements is dependent on firm size with larger firms placing more emphasis on the benefits of Internet Platforms than smaller firms. The organizations recognize the potential of digital developments, but these developments are accompanied by a high degree of mistrust. Digital technology is typically used only to conduct processes during production or service activities and not as commonly conducted for increasing market share or expansion. Based on the authors’ proposal, the broadest possible application of digital technology within a company can provide its user a long-term survival, competitive advantage, and further development opportunities.

Privacy is a feature inherent to the use of cash. With steadily increasing market shares of digital payment platforms, privacy in payments may no longer be attainable in the future. We explore the potential welfare impacts of reductions in privacy in payments. In our framework, firms may use data collected through payments to price discriminate future consumers. A public good aspect arises because individuals do not internalize the full cost of failing to protect their privacy and reduce social welfare by suboptimally choosing not to protect their privacy in payments. We discuss potential remedies, including the issuance of electronic cash.

Programming mistakes of all kinds-in source code, configurations, tests, or other artifacts-are a wide-ranging and expensive problem. Developers dedicate a significant proportion of engineering time and effort to finding and fixing bugs in their code, businesses lose market share when vulnerabilities in the software they sell impact customers, and overall productivity is impacted by software that does not work as intended or is prone to vulnerabilities.1 Rapidly finding and fixing bugs and vulnerabilities only grows in importance as software is continuously evolving and deployed and as society becomes increasingly dependent on software systems in all aspects of modern life. Speaking to this general problem, this special issue of IEEE Software addresses recent advances in research and practice in automatic software repair.

The present study aims to determine the mediating role of brand love in the relationship between CBBE and brand loyalty. The study makes an analysis of CBBE, brand loyalty, and brand love related to Starbucks – a global coffee house and roastery catering concept. The study population comprises customers of the Starbucks enterprises operating in the city of Mersin, Turkey, and adopts a convenience sampling method. During the data collection process, 384 customers of Starbucks stores within Mersin who were over 18 years of age were surveyed. The dependent variables of the study are "brand loyalty" and "brand love," whereas the independent variable is "CBBE". The hypotheses developed in the research model were tested through structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on the study findings, it was concluded that brand love, as well as the dimensions of CBBE of "Service Quality: Physical Quality SQ:PQ" and "Lifestyle-Congruence LC", had full mediation with brand loyalty, while "Service Quality: Staff Behavior SQ:SB", "Ideal Self-Congruence IS-C" and "Brand Identification BI" had no such mediating effect on brand loyalty. In the study, the mediating role of brand love in terms of the impact of CBBE in the service industry on brand loyalty has been examined for the first time. The research findings show that a strong bond will be established with the target audience through compatible and parallel strategies that will be implemented by the managers on the SQ:PQ and LC dimensions of CBBE and this situation will increase loyalty to the brand. As a result of the consumers' strong emotions and their increasing loyalty towards the brand, this situation will lead the businesses in the service industry to protect their market share along with having a positive impact on their sustainable competition and profitability.

Market share is used to analyze the target market of a product. To analyze the level of market share using the level of behavior of consumer purchasing decisions. Consumer purchasing decisions influenced by products, prices, promotions and distributions are a marketing mix. The objective to be achieved from the research is to analyze the relationship of products, prices, promotions and locations on the behavior of consumer purchasing decisions against BUMDes Karya Mandiri Balung Kulon Village. As well as to determine the strategy of increasing market share in BUMDes Karya Mandiri Balung Kulon Village. This research is associative research, which is research that connects more than one variable. Samples are technically non Random Sampling, namely purposive sampling. There are positive and significant influences among products, prices, locations, promotions on partial purchase decisions. This shows that if BUMDes produce a good product for consumers, it can determine prices that are able to compete, have a location that is easy to reach consumers, and promotions that can influence consumers will increase purchasing decisions. Input strategies that can be done BUMDes to increase market share is to develop product quality, increase product variations, set prices that are able to compete and innovate products.

Islamic banking in Indonesia is very vulnerable to volatility in their business processes due to its small market share. Compared to conventional banks, seen from their financial performance, Islamic banks have a worse performance because of lower profit (ROA). This study examines the stability of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Stability is measured using the Z Score. The data in this study are aggregate data for Islamic commercial banks. The data used are monthly data from January 2015 to December 2019. This study uses the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) method. The results of this study are that all independent variables OER, NPF, inflation, IPI, exchange rates have an effect on the stability of Islamic banking, except FDR. Lower efficiency and problematic financing increases the stability of Islamic banking. Meanwhile, macroeconomic factors, inflation and exchange rates, have a negative effect on the stability of Islamic banking. The economic downturn due to inflation and rupiah depreciation will increase the instability of Islamic banks.

Not much research has been carried out to examine Participatory Bank (PB) in Turkey. This is despite the fact that Turkey has a long history in Islamic civilisation. The legacy of strong Islamic law, the majority Muslim population, and the strategic location of the country have failed to serve as a catalyst to boost the market share of participatory banking in the country. The present study aims to explore problems, solutions, and strategies for developing PBs in Turkey. This research also captures the condition of PBs in facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The study adopts a qualitative method that uses library research benefitting from various sources of literature, namely books, journals, and other sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts including practitioners, regulators, and academicians who have direct involvement in PB. The findings are presented in the form of Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) of PBs in Turkey. Interestingly, the preliminary finding shows that the problems of PBs in Turkey stem from both internal and external factors. Lack of understanding and skills, and lack of good Shariah governance practices are the main internal factors. Lack of regulatory support, lack of public literacy, lack of academic research and educational institutions, and a regulatory system are the primary external factors. The study suggests two main solutions, namely internal and external solutions, as well as strategies to address the problems. This study could serve as a reference point for the regulator in formulating appropriate policy strategies to increase the market share of PB in Turkey.

Most automobile manufacturers use franchised dealers to distribute their products and to perform sales‐related and after‐sales services. However, the link between dealers’ service quality and manufacturer performance is not well understood. Some studies suggest that these services’ quality affects product sales, repeat sales, and brand reputation. Others posit that dealer services are a commodity, and their quality may only affect sales in the extremes. We constructed data representing sales and service quality ratings of 1078 U.S. automobile dealerships over a year in five different car classes. We find that the quality of after‐sales services positively influences sales of the brand in the dealer's region. Manufacturers whose dealers struggle with after‐sales services take a hit in market share even in markets where they enjoy superior competitive status. We also find that sales‐related services gain importance in highly competitive markets where the manufacturer has few dealers and competitors have many.

Purpose The principles of value investing present an alternative way to strategically approach the challenges and opportunities generated from the global risk landscape. Design/methodology/approach The principles of value investing – based on the lessons learned from highly successful practitioners – can be distilled into six core managerial considerations. Findings In theory, the prescriptions of value investing appear straightforward, but executives need to augment their skillsets with those of both an astute investor and discerning banker, balance their attention between conventional and non-traditional sources of information, and exhibit the patience and grit to go against the herd and focus on longer-term compounded returns. Practical implications The concept of “rationality” is a way of monitoring executive behavior to ensure that stated goals, objectives and strategies reconcile to business actions over time. Originality/value Insights for corporate leaders, investors, M&A teams and activists. These six principles will likely be increasingly valuable during the challenging times ahead: Adding cost-effective resource allocation to the strategy tool kit. Conservative financing. Balancing non-traditional and traditional information. Clarity about the complexity of risk. Humility in times of uncertainty. Focusing on compounded returns.

We live in an increasingly globalized and culturally diverse society, in which individuals with different cultural backgrounds, different education, different personalities and different values must work together and achieve optimal results. Moreover, these cultural differences are noticeable even within a group of people of the same nationality. At the same time, lately there are more and more bicultural individuals, who belong simultaneously to different cultures. Nowadays, sport has an enormous impact on society, being an extremely popular phenomenon on a global scale and which has become a business in which huge sums are spent. Sport can have both a unifying effect, bringing together different individuals, but at the same time it can emphasize cultural differences and deep ethnic differences. All these arguments justify the increased interest in multiculturalism in general, and in multiculturalism in sport in particular. Using SPSS software, this study proposes a quantitative comparative analysis of how the country in which athletes evolve, namely Romania and France, influences adaptation, self-confidence, team integration and market share of athletes.