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According to recent research studies, a central characteristic of Chilean society is its mesocratization, in other words the sustained growth of the middle class. This article tests that thesis empirically, using Erik O. Wright’s class model and the shift-share analysis technique to study the changes that occurred in Chile’s class structure in two periods 1992–2003 and 2003–2013. The study concludes that the idea of mesocratization is questionable; between 1992 and 2013, there are substantially fewer people located in middle-class positions than in the “popular” classes (working class and informal self-employed). Moreover, the growth of the middle class has been relatively marginal and has been accompanied by trends that contradict the idea of a mesocratic society (such as the expansion of the working class between 2003 and 2013).

This article investigates the spatial articulation of architecture and home through the exploration of current domestic experiences in Basil Spence’s Claremont Court housing scheme (1959-1962), Edinburgh. How architecture and home are both idealized and lived is the backdrop for a discussion that draws on the concept of “model home,” or physical representation of a domestic ideal. The article reads Claremont Court as an architectural prototype of the modern domestic ideal, before exploring its reception by five of its households through the use of visual methods and semistructured interviews. Receiving the model home involves negotiating between ideal and lived homes. Building on this idea, the article contributes with a focus on the spatiality of such reception, showing how it is modulated according to the architectural affordances that the “model home” represents. The article expands on scholarship on architecture and home with empirical evidence that argues the reciprocal spatiality of home.

The purpose of the current study is to present a class model of SQ3R instruction, which consists of 5 stages of reading strategy, Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review for foreign language learning and to investigate its effects on learners’ self-efficacy and their reading comprehension. Five reading steps of reading strategy were instructed associated with skill practices, annotating, note-taking and summary outlining. A total of 23 students in a college academic reading class participated in the study. Students’ self-selected academic reading materials were used for the course. Reading self-efficacy survey and the academic reading part of IELTS practice test were conducted before and after the instruction. Student products such as annotated texts and reaction writing as well as portfolios were collected and analyzed. The survey and academic reading test results indicated that the learners’ reading self-efficacy and their reading ability were improved and that the students seemed to have gained more confidence in academic reading.

[EN] In order to compensate the power quality issues that arise in distribution grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources, an active power filter device controlled by a novel model-based predictive controller, i.e. the linear state signal shaping model predictive controller, is implemented. This paper proposes the use of a Multiobjective Optimization evolutionary algorithm, i.e. the Multiobjective Differential Evolution with Spherical Pruning X, for the tuning of this novel controller. An application example for power quality compensation of a grid modeled as a switched system with four modes is given. The model includes nonlinear loads that introduce harmonic distortion and multiple consumer loads that enable the existence of conflicting objectives, typical of multiobjective optimization problems. A decision making strategy is developed in order to find the best controller parameters in a reasonable amount of time that enable the provision of optimal power quality services by balancing multiple objectives that can conflict with each other., This contribution was partly developed within the project NEW 4.0 (North German Energy Transition 4.0) which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWI). This paper was also partly funded by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Hamburg City Parliament publication 20/11568).

With the widespread popularity of MOOC, SPOC generally becomes a hot spot of educational reform. This paper introduces the development processes of SPOC at first, then analyzes the teaching process of SPOC according to some famous SPOC experiments, next designs a flipped class model based on SPOC, finally discusses the teaching effects of flipped class model at a western university in China. The results show (1) students are easier to ignore the self-previewing before class and self-reviewing after class at the beginning of term; (2) students pay greater attentions to the self-previewing before class and self-reviewing after class at the end of the term; (3) students like watching videos more than reading literature; (4) students’ grades are obviously improved in flipped class model.

We describe a flipped class proposal in the Teacher in Physical Education of the Universidad Nacional of Rio Cuarto, Argentina. The experience was designed and implemented using the social network Facebook and the selection of short videos, it was carried out in two groups with different teachers. The perceptions andsuggestions on the flipped class model were recovered with an ad hoc questionnaire of closed and open questions, frequencies of exchanges, publications and comments on Facebook were also analyzed. The results show highly positive aspects such as the autonomy of the students, the guiding role and facilitator of the teacher. It is concluded that the planning of flipped classes and the sustained accompaniment topromote self-regulation in students is important.

The short- and long-term efficacy of the Adlerian parent education program Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP), which is the group-based parenting class model, was the focus of the current study in Lithuania. In the quasi-experimental research study, the outcome measures included parenting style, child behavior as perceived by parents, and knowledge related to parenting. In 2011–2012, 44 parenting groups were organized, which resulted in 348 program and 299 comparison group participants at posttest. In 3- to 4-month period, the follow-up assessment was completed by 38.8% of parents. Specifically, the findings indicated that the STEP program was efficacious for increasing maternal and paternal knowledge on parenting, decreasing maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and parental negative perceptions of the target child’s behavior. The changes listed were found to be stable as reflected in the follow-up. The researchers believe that the current study with the sufficient empirical rigor expands the generalizability of the STEP program outcomes on mothers and fathers in North America, Lithuania as well as Europe. Furthermore, the results have finally provided the Lithuanian therapists, parent educators, and parents with an evidence-based parenting program as recommended by the Council of Europe.

Teacher as a profession, has its own specialty. To make teachers have strong professional, the quality of teacher education is the key. The teaching mode called "flip class" is beneficial to the development of the teachers' theory quality and technological literacy. If we bring it into the teacher education curriculum teaching, it’ll promote teachers' professional specialization development.

“Compiler Principle” is an important branch of Computer Science in colleges and universities, which is a combination of theory and practice. This paper analyzes the teaching status of compiler principle, through the understanding of flipped class model, based on the project driven to carry out the teaching research of compiler principle. Through practice, better mobilize the enthusiasm of the students learning, teaching effect has been significantly improved.

Deeper understandings of school library-assisted instruction from teachers are required to develop students` self-directed learning skills which can improve their learning capabilities, problem solving techniques and learning attitudes. The objective of this study was to examine whether there is difference in subject teachers` perception of the necessity and effectiveness of the group type, class model, and collaborative class of class utilizing the school library and to apply and activate class utilizing the school library constructively in the field of education. For this purpose, this study inquired into the concept, necessity, type and process of class utilizing the school library, etc. and conducted a questionnaire survey of 278 subject teachers sampled from 30 high schools in 10 areas of Gyeonggido.

The research is intended to establish the importance of background knowledge in reading process and suggest a revitalization plan for the schema for reading education. The reading process as fundamental research and the schema conception have been studied and the present situation of reading education in the school libraries has been inspected. This research reviewed the reading strategies which school libraries require for the revitalization of the schema and based on this data, a method of SQ3R reading has been applied and a class model developed. As an outcome, a guidance plan for instruction was proposed and learning-activity materials applying graphic organizer have been produced. Subsequently, a class in school library was conducted. Following the outcome of the class and an expert`s review of the class model, this research has developed a class model for the revitalization of the schema for reading education in school libraries.

A key factor motivating the organisation of tutorial classes for adult learners, based on collaboration between the Workers’ Educational Association and universities in England and Wales, was a belief that they offered an educational vehicle for the promotion of liberal concepts of political citizenship. Attempts to disseminate this tutorial class model were not always successful, despite the promotional efforts of Albert Mansbridge and his fellow supporters. This article considers the educational and organizational characteristics of tutorial classes and makes a regional comparison of their meagre development in Scotland with their sustained growth elsewhere between 1907 and 1939. It identifies a complex weave of factors, related to both the nature of student demand and the funding of adult education, that inhibited the growth of tutorial classes in Scotland. These factors also provide insight into general barriers to the development of liberal adult education to promote citizenship in Scotland.

Within the parameters of a class model this paper seeks to explain how the European labor movements developed against a background of expanding capitalist labor markets, rural - urban split, liberal political hegemony, conflicting and competing religious, ethnic and linguistic affiliation and state repression, from the mid nineteenth century until World War II. Stating that solidarity, organization and militancy are functions of urbanism, the paper raises the question of how different societies overcame the rural urban split. Besides noting that most countries in East and South Europe did not manage to cross the bridge, one may point out that extensive urbanization resulted from the exodus from the countryside simultaneous with the growth of industrial labor markets in towns and cities, and next, how the labor movement managed to expand trade unions outside the urban sector, and seeking electoral support among the agrarian population. Provided labor had considerable national political power, this turned out to be an effective policy; otherwise this organizational expansion would be confronted with violent opposition. Early industrialization often went hand in hand with liberal political domination, which occupied the social space and hence obstructed further diffusion by other organizations. Only external events such as a major war or an economic crisis were able to break these ties effectively. In West and North Europe repression was moderate and temporary, whereas the working classes in South and East Europe were exposed to repression and harassment by landlords, industrialists and state bureaucracies. Only fundamental changes in international and national power structures could bring advantages to the labor movement. From a theoretical angle it is the interaction between mode of production, political organization and state structure that best explains different forms of working-class integration in Europe.

Early literacy interventions have been critiqued for their propensity to remove “reading problems” from classroom teachers’ responsibility. In the current study, classroom teachers were trained so that they could provide specialized early intervention lessons to at‐risk students in their own classes. The results of the project compare favorably with a “pull‐out” model of early literacy intervention. In contrast to pull‐out approaches, this “push‐in” model of early literacy intervention may have pervasive effects on classroom teachers’ entire teaching repertoires.

Teacher as a profession, has its own specialty. To make teachers have strong professional, the quality of teacher education is the key. The teaching mode called "flip class" is beneficial to the development of the teachers' theory quality and technological literacy. If we bring it into the teacher education curriculum teaching, it’ll promote teachers' professional specialization development.

Parental support for educational innovation has been described as essential in school change. This study examines parent and caregiver perceptions of educational opportunities for students with severe disabilities. Parents and caregivers from two high schools were interviewed. One high school uses an inclusive service delivery model, while the other uses a special day class model with limited mainstreaming. The data suggest that interviewees support inclusive schools and believe that their children are acquiring new skills. Questions remain regarding the balance of community-based Instruction and the amount of teacher training provided.

When applying model checking to the design models of the embedded systems, it is necessary to model not only the behavior of the target system but also that of the environment interacting with the system. In this paper, we present a method to model the environment and to automatically generate all possible environments from the model. In our method, we can flexibly model the structural variation of the environment and the sequences of the function calls using a class model and statechart models. We also present a tool to generate Promela scripts of SPIN from the environment model. As a practical experiment, we applied our tool to the verification of an OSEK/VDX RTOS design model.

A class model of rational auction negotiation for multi-agent in which time is related. In a creative way, time parameter is introduced into the process of the rational negotiation in multi-agent system. Buyer agents are able to choose several bidding ways like time-dependent tactics, behavior-dependent tactics. As the result, agents can receive different utilities.

Whilst research has indicated that the practitioner use of entity-relationship modelling is problematic, proponents of object oriented modelling suggest that their paradigm offers both a new approach and also more effective modelling. This paper examines some practitioner perceptions of one object oriented modelling technique in the context of previous work on entity-relationship modelling. The findings show that there are similar practitioner issues arising from common underlying techniques and that object oriented modelling is problematic when used with project clients. However, the suggestion is that object oriented practitioners are not gaining insight from practitioner experience from more than twenty years of entity-relationship modelling practice.

We have structured an upper-level undergraduate course in organometallic chemistry on a selection of "classic" publications in the field. This approach offers students a richly contextual introduction to many of the fundamental tenets of the discipline. After a brief introduction to the field led by the faculty, the students themselves are responsible for researching and presenting selected papers to their classmates for analysis and discussion. Beyond mastery of basic organometallic principles, course goals for the students include improved proficiency in using the primary chemical literature and increased experience and confidence in researching, preparing, and delivering an informative oral presentation in individual and collaborative settings. Student performance is assessed based on performance on open-ended, take-home exams, quality of presentations, and contribution to in-class discussions. Student end-of-term survey responses indicate that this class model is successful as an introduction to organ...

This paper represents an effort to clarify some of the confusion surrounding current discussion of the New Class of professional administrators, scientists, intellectuals and technicians that forms an integral part of advanced capitalist systems. A three-and-three-thirds-class model is developed and employed to explain how this class can be united ideologically but divided politically. Historical evidence is then presented to show how members of the New Class used ideological arguments to gain political support during the years 1900-1920.

Almost thirty years ago Lipset published his well-known article ‘Democracy and working-class authoritarianism’. His central thesis is that the working class more than other social classes, is predisposed to authoritarian and anti-democratic attitudes. Several authors have criticized this thesis, especially by questioning Lipset's concept of democracy. Our approach is somewhat different in that in our opinion Lipset's conceptualization and measurement of social class is inaccurate and inappropriate. Using an empirical class model elaborated by Eric Olin Wright, our findings do not show that the working class is more authoritarian than other social classes. Education and not social class seems to be the most important factor. It is concluded that the measurement of social class is crucial to whether the theory of working-class authoritarianism is empirically supported or not. Some theoretical consequences are briefly discussed.

SUMMARY This paper explores the consequences of the rejection of the hypothesis of the equality between the profit rate and the interest rate in a two class model of economic growth. With a differentiated interest rate, the well-known (Pasinetti's) independence of the equilibrium profit rate with respect to the propensity to save of the workers is no longer valid. The general solution of the model for this case is given. Looking at optimal growth, the present paper develops two distinct arguments. First, in a traditional manner, the conditions under which there exists an interest rate which maximizes per capita consumption are established. Second, in a more original way, the usual criterion of optimal growth is replaced by the criterion of maximum workers' consumption, a not unreasonable criterion in a two-class economy. The maximizing conditions for this case are derived. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dieser Arbeit werden die Konsequenzen einer Ablehnung der Hypothese untersucht, dass in einem Zwei-Klassen-Modell des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums die Profitrate and der Zinssatz gleich hoch seien. Bei einer unterschiedlichen Zinsrate verliert die (von Pasinetti) bekannte Unabhangigkeit der gleichgewichtigen Profitrate von der Sparneigung der Lohnempfanger ihre Gultigkeit. Fur diesen Fall wird die generelle Losung des Modells vorgefuhrt. Unter dem Aspekt des optimalen Wachstums werden zwei Aussagen entwikkelt: erstens werden die Bedingungen, unter welchen ein Zinssatz existiert, der den Pro-Kopf-Konsum maximiert, abgeleitet; zweitens wird das ubliche Kriterium fur optimales Wachstum durch das Kriterium des maximalen Konsums derArbeitnehmer ersetzt. Dies neue Kriterium erscheint in einem Zwei-Klassen-Modell als nicht abwegig. Die Maximierungsbedingungen werden fur diesen Fall abgeleitet. RESUME Dans un modele de croissance a deux classes (salaries et capitalistes), l'independance du taux de profit en equilibre dynamique par rapport a la propension aepargner des ouvriers n'est plus valable lorsqu'on abandonne l'hypothese d'egalite entre le taux d'interet et le taux de profit. Les resultats d'un modele a deux classes avec taux d'interet differencie sont derives. Par rapport e la croissance optimale, deux aspects differents sont traites. Premierement, dans une optique traditionnelle, on cherche les conditions d'existence d'un taux d'interet qui maximise la consommation par tete. Deuxiemement, suivant une idee plus originale, on remplace le critere usuel d'optimalite par celui de la maximisation de la consommation ouvriere. Les conditions d'optimalite dans un pareil cas sont derivees.

The means of evaluating, using artificial data, algorithms, such as ID3, which learn concepts from examples is enhanced and referred to as the method of artificial universes. The central notions are that of a class model and its associated representations in which a class attribute is treated as a dependent variable with description attributes functioning as the independent variables. The nature of noise in the model is discussed and modelled using information-theoretic ideas especially that of majorisation. The notion of an irrelevant attribute is also considered. The ideas are illustrated through the construction of a small universe which is then altered to increase noise. Learning curves for ID3 used on data generated from these universes are estimated from trials. These show that increasing noise has a detrimental effect on learning.

Past studies reveal weakness in their analyses of class and race consciousness. They fail, for example, to separate out the effects of race and class on components of race and class consciousness. This study discusses the roles of class and race in developing class and race consciousness and interest in politics. It emphasizes the need to clarify the roles of race and class as well as those of age and size of birthplace in each type of consciousness. The main findings show that race and class are sometimes differently related to these dimensions, and suggest that the colony model of American society for which race is decisive is more complete than the class model of race relations, although both are similar.