Search

The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cement production by the additionof supplementary cementitious materials (SCM’s) has garnered significant interest. To predict theCO2 uptake of systems with SCM’s, an experimental setup for measuring the effective diffusioncoefficient of CO2 in concrete was developed. A MATLAB script was written to calculate thediffusion coefficient through curve-fitting of Fick’s second law. Six mixtures which represented aternary binder composition varying in quantity of Portland cement, fly ash, and portlandite weretested after 1, 4, and 7 days of curing. CO2 uptake was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) andthermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Porosity and pore saturation were measured by solvent exchange. Results of the experimental diffusion setup were consistent with these tests, andchanges in methods to increase the setup’s reliability are discussed.

The Vickers hardness of 21 as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys of different compositions were studied, and nanohardness indentations were done on the individual phases. The results were used to explain the brittleness by assessing the proportions of the phases, and their morphologies. The compound hardness varied between 704 - 1289 HV, with ~ZrRu2 being the hardest phase, and ~Zr2Ni7 being the least hard phase. The sample hardness was 300 - 1015 HV. Most of the samples were brittle, although there were regions of toughness around Ni36:Ru13:Zr51 and Ni20:Ru5:Zr75 (at.%). No alloy was identified to have potential good mechanical properties.

The face-centered cubic medium-entropy alloy NiCoCr has received considerable attention for its good mechanical properties, uncertain stacking fault energy, etc, some of which have been attributed to chemical short-range order (SRO). Here, we examine the yield strength and misfit volumes of NiCoCr to determine whether SRO has measurably influenced mechanical properties. Polycrystalline strengths show no systematic trend with different processing conditions. Measured misfit volumes in NiCoCr are consistent with those in random binaries. Yield strength prediction of a random NiCoCr alloy matches well with experiments. Finally, we show that standard spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations of misfit volumes are not accurate for NiCoCr. This implies that DFT may be inaccurate for other subtle structural quantities such as atom-atom bond distance so that caution is required in drawing conclusions about NiCoCr based on DFT. These findings all lead to the conclusion that, under typical processing conditions, SRO in NiCoCr is either negligible or has no systematic measurable effect on strength., Chemical short-range order (SRO) NiCoCr has been proposed to account for its positive stacking fault energy and good mechanical properties. Here, a combination of theory and experiment shows that SRO is of negligible importance in NiCoCr processed by standard methods.

The quest for improved visible light absorption in ZnO-based photocatalysts and photodetectors is a prevailing research problem. One method of solving this problem is by narrowing the band gap of this material well into the range of visible light energy. In this work, we have demonstrated considerable band narrowing into the visible region in our electrospun ternary ZnO–Zn2SnO4 nanofibres. We also showed that band narrowing is highly dependent on the amount of Sn in the synthesized composite which could be attributed to the creation of localized states in the ZnO band and the attendant structural changes. However, beyond 15%wt doping there were observed changes in the trend of the bandgap reduction, crystallite sizes, and width of the localized states in the ternary ZnO–Zn2SnO4 band. The details of experimental procedures and discussion of results have been included in this paper.

Coatings prepared from chromia-rich (Al,Cr)2O3solid solution (ss) feedstock powders are intended to improve the properties of Cr2O3coatings, but are rarely studied so far. In this work, the processability of a commercial (Al,Cr)2O3solid solution (ss) powder containing 78 wt.% Cr2O3by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), the corresponding coating microstructures and properties were investigated. Possible further improvements were expected by blending with 2, 23 and 54 wt.% TiOxpowder. For comparison, plain Cr2O3and TiOxcoatings were studied as well. The microstructures were analyzed using SEM, EDS and XRD measurements. Hardness (HV0.3) was measured, as well as the dry unidirectional sliding wear resistance and the abrasion wear resistance (ASTM G65). Moreover, the corrosion and electrical insulating properties were measured. The (Al,Cr)2O3ss showed only a small change of the composition, and the formation ofγ-Al2O3, as found for alumina-rich (Al,Cr)2O3ss powders, was avoided. Compared to the plain chromia coating, some improvements of the processability and coating properties for the ss (Al,Cr)2O3coating were found. The most balanced coating performance was achieved by blending the ss (Al,Cr)2O3with 2 wt.% TiOx, as this coating showed both a high sliding and abrasion wear resistance, in combination with a high corrosion resistance.

Photocatalysis is an attractive widely used environmental remediation technique. Ternary (α-Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5/TiO2) and binary (Fe2TiO5/TiO2) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by using natural ilmenite sand as the raw material. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic analytical techniques. Both nanocomposites were catalytically active for the photodegradation of methylene blue upon irradiation by a light source (LED and sunlight). The visible light absorption of both composites was improved by the presence of Fe2TiO5 and α-Fe2O3 which absorb in the visible. The ternary nanocomposite with type II band alignments was more active than the binary nanocomposite with type I band alignment in the visible light exposure. Under sunlight exposure, binary nanocomposites were more active than the ternary nanocomposites. Band alignment, percentage of TiO2 in the composites and the proper formation of the structure of the composites govern the photocatalytic activity. OH● is suggested as the main species responsible for the photodegradation of methylene blue.

To enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries, zinc oxide (ZnO) has generated interest as an anode candidate owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, because of its limitations such as its slow chemical reaction kinetics, intense capacity fading on potential cycling, and low rate capability, composite anodes of ZnO and other materials are manufactured. In this study, we introduce binary and ternary composites of ZnO with other metal oxides (MOs) and carbon-based materials. Most ZnO-based composite anodes exhibit a higher specific capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability than a single ZnO anode. The synergistic effects between ZnO and the other MOs or carbon-based materials can explain the superior electrochemical characteristics of these ZnO-based composites. This review also discusses some of their current limitations.

Phase diagrams of ternary conjugated polymer solutions were constructed based on Flory-Huggins lattice theory with a constant interaction parameter. For this purpose, the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) solution as a model system was investigated as a function of temperature, molecular weight (or chain length), solvent species, processing additives, and electron-accepting small molecules. Then, other high-performance conjugated polymers such as PTB7 and PffBT4T-2OD were also studied in the same vein of demixing processes. Herein, the liquid-liquid phase transition is processed through the nucleation and growth of the metastable phase or the spontaneous spinodal decomposition of the unstable phase. Resultantly, the versatile binodal, spinodal, tie line, and critical point were calculated depending on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter as well as the relative molar volume of each component. These findings may pave the way to rationally understand the phase behavior of solvent-polymer-fullerene (or nonfullerene) systems at the interface of organic photovoltaics and molecular thermodynamics.

International audience; Up-to-date, solar salt (a mixture of 60 mass% NaNO3 and 40 mass% KNO3) is practically the only media for thermal energy storage (TES) in concentrated solar power (CSP). This commercial product’s utilization is limited below 550 °C to avoid an irreversible thermal decomposition. The development of new performing TES materials is decisive for the deployment of CSP technology. Our recent work reported promising results obtained with mono-alkali polyphosphate (M-PO3) as TES materials. These materials can work up to around 900 °C, but their melting point is still high, which is at least 628 °C. In order to lower their melting point, binary and ternary mixtures of alkali polyphosphates are investigated in this work. Dif- ferent mixtures made of two or three alkali polyphosphates were prepared and studied using thermal analysis methods. The most promising mixture found in this work was the ternary Li-Na-K-PO3, which contained 33.3% (mol%) of each alkali metal. This mixture can be used as a liquid TES material in the temperature range of 398 to 900 °C. The results open new prospects for the development of the thermal energy storage field.

Ternary blends of cementitious materials are investigated. A cement replacement level of 45% is used for all ternary mixtures consisting of 15% metakaolin and 30% slag replacements. Three metakaolin and two blast furnace slag, referred to as &lsquo, slag&rsquo, for short, products commercially available are used to compare performance in ternary blends. A mixture with a 45% fly ash replacement is included to serve as a benchmark for performance. The control mixture contains 422 kg of cement per cubic meter of concrete, and a water-to-cementitious material ratio of 0.43 is used for all mixtures with varying dosages of superplasticizer to retain workability. Mixtures are tested for mechanical properties, durability, and volumetric stability. Mechanical properties include compression, split-cylinder tension, modulus of rupture, and dynamic Young&rsquo, s modulus. Durability measures are comprised of rapid chloride-ion penetrability, sulfate resistance, and alkali&ndash, silica reactivity. Finally, the measure of dimensional stability is assessed by conducting drying shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion tests. Results indicate that ternary mixtures including metakaolin perform similarly to the control with respect to mechanical strength. It is concluded that ternary blends perform significantly better than both control and fly ash benchmark in tests measuring durability. Furthermore, shrinkage is reduced while the coefficients of thermal expansion are slightly higher than control and the benchmark.

CuCo5S8 thiospinel nanocrystals were synthesized by a modified colloidal method, and then it was used as an interfacial layer in the Au/CuCo5S8/p-Si heterojunction device to characterize the dielectric performance of the CuCo5S8 thiospinel. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was performed to investigate structural behaviors of the CuCo5S8, and the results confirmed the crystalline structure of the CuCo5S8. While the detailed structures of the CuCo5S8 thiospinel were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the surface morphology was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the composition of the CuCo5S8 structures was studied and confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The CuCo5S8 thiospinel were deposited between the Au and p-Si to obtain Au/CuCo5S8/p-Si heterojunction. The impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to determine the voltage- and frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the Au/CuCo5S8/p-Si heterojunction. While the frequency was changed from 100 kHz to 1 MHz with 100 kHz interval, the voltage was altered from - 2.5 V to + 2.5 V. The various dielectric parameters such as complex electric permittivity (dielectric constant (epsilon ') and dielectric loss (epsilon '')), electric modulus (M ' and M ''), and ac electrical conductivity (sigma) were extracted from the C-V and G-V measurements and discussed in details. The results highlighted that the Au/CuCo5S8/p-Si heterojunction device has the frequency- and voltage-dependent dielectric characteristics, and can be considered as switching applications. TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [217M212]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) supported this study with the Grand Number of 217M212. Authors would like to thank TUBITAK for supporting. WOS:000585740700005 2-s2.0-85094982202

Compared to conventional concrete, high-performance concrete production offers such benefits as greater ease of placement, smaller sections, improved finishing and higher strength and durability. For the design of these types of concretes, it is advisable to carry out studies on pastes or mortars in order to evaluate admixture - cementitious material compatibility. This evaluation entails verifying fresh state properties and evolution over time. The aim of this work is to evaluate the behavior of mortars made with different water reducers as well as binary and ternary cements, and their connection to the properties they acquire in hardened state. Fluidity in the fresh state and absorption, density and compressive strength in the hardened state were evaluated. The results show that the impact of superplasticizers is not restricted to the fresh state, as influence on the development of the degree of hydration and compacity can also be noticed. La elaboración de hormigones de alta performance ofrece beneficios tales como mayor facilidad de colocación, secciones reducidas, mejoras en la terminación, mayor durabilidad y resistencia comparativamente con hormigones convencionales. Para el diseño de dichos hormigones, es aconsejable realizar estudios en pastas o morteros para evaluar la compatibilidad aditivo reductor de agua-material cementiceo. Dicha evaluación implica la verificación de propiedades del estado fresco y su evolución en el tiempo. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en evaluar el comportamiento de diferentes sistemas aditivo reductor de agua-cemento en morteros elaborados con diferentes cementos binarios y ternarios y su conexión con las propiedades del estado endurecido. La fluidez en estado fresco, densidad, absorción y resistencia a compresión en estado endurecido fueron evaluadas. De los resultados obtenidos surge que la influencia de los superplastificantes no es restringida al estado fresco, observándose también influencia en el desarrollo del grado de hidratación y en la compacidad. Fil: Sosa, Maria Eva. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; Argentina Fil: Villagrán Zaccardi, Yury Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; Argentina Fil: Peralta, Juan Pablo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Zega, Claudio Javier. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina

A compatible low-bandgap donor polymer (poly[N-90-heptadecanyl-2,7carbazole-alt-3,6-bis(thiophen-5-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4]pyrrole-1,4-dione], PCBTDPP) was judicially introduced into the archetypal poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) photoactive system to fabricate highly efficient ternary based bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). The PCBTDPP ternary-based PSC with optimal loading (0.2 wt.%) displayed outstanding performance with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.28% as compared to the PCE (4.67%) for P3HT:PC61BM-based PSC (reference). The improved PCE for PCBTDPP ternary-based PSC can be mainly attributed to the incorporation of PCBTDPP into P3HT:PC61BM that beneficially improved the optical, morphological, electronic, and photovoltaic (PV) performance. This work instills a rational strategy for identifying components (donor/acceptor (D/A) molecules) with complementary beneficial properties toward fabricating efficient ternary PSCs.

Інтегральні мікросхеми базуються на використанні бінарної логіки. Однак останні два десятиліття складність мікросхем невпинно зростала. Це призвело до великої площі чіпів через велику кількість з'єднань. Отже, великі паразитні ємності, пов'язані з взаємозв'язками, зменшили швидкість і збільшили розсіювання потужності. Ці проблеми можна подолати за допомогою багатозначної логіки (MVL). Для проектування цифрових схем на основі MVL необхідно контролювати порогову напругу пристроїв в залежності від логічних рівнів. Польовий транзистор з вуглецевих нанотрубок (CNTFET) є одним з таких пристроїв, який підходить для схем MVL, оскільки порогову напругу CNTFET можна легко контролювати шляхом зміни діаметра вуглецевих нанотрубок (CNTs). Діаметр вуглецевої нанотрубки (CNT) контролюється зміною її хіральності. Трирівнева логіка має три логічних рівня і є однією з перспективних багатозначних логік. У даній роботі ми розробили D-тригер на основі трирівневої логіки на базі CNTFET. Охарактеризовано часи встановлення та утримання D-тригеру. Проаналізовано також час затримки і потужність. Integrated circuit (IC) chips are designed using binary logic. However, over the last two decades the complexity of IC chips has become manifold. This has resulted in large chip area due to large number of interconnections. Hence, large parasitics associated with the interconnections have reduced the speed and increased the power dissipation. These problems can be overcome using multi-value logic (MVL). To design digital circuits based on MVL, it is required to control the threshold voltage of the devices depending on the logic levels. Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) is one such emerging device which is suitable for MVL circuits as the threshold voltage of CNTFET can easily be controlled by changing the diameter of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The diameter of the carbon nanotube (CNT) is controlled by varying the chirality of the CNT. Ternary logic is one of the promising multi-value logics where there are three logic levels. In this paper, we have designed a D-latch based on ternary logic using CNTFET. The setup and hold times for the D-latch have been characterized. The delay and power have also been analyzed.

Small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Squaraine (SQ) is a kind of small molecule material for potential use in high-efficiency devices, because of its high extinction coefficient and low-cost synthesis. However, the charge carrier mobility of SQ-based film is much lower than other effective materials, which leads to the pretty low fill factor (FF). In this study, we improve the performance of SQ derivative-based solar cells by incorporating PCDTBT into LQ-51/PC71BM host binary blend film. The incorporation of PCDTBT can not only increase the photon harvesting, but also provide an additional hole transport pathway. Through the charge carrier mobility and transient photovoltage measurement, we find that the hole mobility and charge carrier lifetime increase in the ternary system. Also, we carefully demonstrate that the charge carrier transport follows a parallel-like behavior.

Carbonation is quite a complex physical negative effect phenomenon on concrete especially in the ones containing ternary blends of Portland Cement, fly ash, and silica fume. Nine selected concrete mixtures were prepared with various water to cementitious materials’ ratios and various cementitious contents. The concrete mixtures were adapted in such a way to have the same workability and air content. The fresh concrete properties were kept near identical in slump, air content, and unit weight. The variation was in the hardened concrete mechanical properties of compression and tension strength. The carbonation phenomenon was studied for these mixes showing at which mixes of ternary cementitious content heavy carbonation attacks maybe produced. The main components of such mixes that do affect the carbonation process with time were presented.

Copper-based chalcogenides that comprise abundant, low-cost, and environmental friendly elements are excellent materials for a number of energy conversion applications, including photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and thermoelectrics (TE). In such applications, the use of solution-processed nanocrystals (NCs) to produce thin films or bulk nanomaterials has associated several potential advantages, such as high material yield and throughput, and composition control with unmatched spatial resolution and cost. Here we report on the production of Cu3SbSe4 (CASe) NCs with tuned amounts of Sn and Bi dopants. After proper ligand removal, as monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, these NCs were used to produce dense CASe bulk nanomaterials for solid state TE energy conversion. By adjusting the amount of extrinsic dopants, dimensionless TE figures of merit (ZT) up to 1.26 at 673 K were reached. Such high ZT values are related to an optimized carrier concentration by Sn doping, a minimized lattice thermal conductivity due to efficient phonon scattering at point defects and grain boundaries, and to an increase of the Seebeck coefficient obtained by a modification of the electronic band structure with Bi doping. Nanomaterials were further employed to fabricate ring-shaped TE generators to be coupled to hot pipes, which provided 20 mV and 1 mW per TE element when exposed to a 160 ºC temperature gradient. The simple design and good thermal contact associated with the ring geometry and the potential low cost of the material solution processing may allow the fabrication of TE generators with short payback times.

Production of hydrogen from water electrolysis has stimulated the search of sustainable electrocatalysts as possible alternatives. Recently, cobalt phosphide (CoP) and molybdenum phosphide (MoP) received great attention owing to their superior catalytic activity and stability towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which rivals platinum catalysts. In this study, we synthesize and study a series of catalysts based on hybrids of CoP and MoP with different Co/Mo ratio. The HER activity shows a volcano shape and reaches a maximum for Co/Mo = 1. Tafel analysis indicates a change in the dominating step of Volmer–Hyrovský mechanism. Interestingly, X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a major ternary interstitial hexagonal CoMoP 2 crystal phase is formed which enhances the electrochemical activity.

peer-reviewed .A range of 17 ternary formulations of itraconazole (ITZ), HPMCP and Soluplus have been manufactured using spray drying. These amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) were very stable against crystallisation and ITZ was found to be amorphous in all formulations after one year at 40 °C/75% RH. A number of solid state analytical techniques including PXRD, DSC, small angle X-ray scattering, FTIR and solid state NMR were used to characterise the physicochemical properties of the ASDs following processing and storage and to assess any interactions between components. Microtrac laser scattering analysis revealed a relationship between polymer levels and particle size distribution (PSD). Dissolution studies indicated that higher Soluplus content in the formulation resulted in higher concentrations of ITZ in acidic media. peer-reviewed

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. An attractive feature of using liquid lithium as the breeder and coolant in fusion blankets is that it has very high tritium solubility and results in very low levels of tritium permeation throughout the facility infrastructure. However, lithium metal vigorously reacts with air and water and presents plant safety concerns. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is carrying an effort to develop a lithium-based ternary alloy that maintains the beneficial properties of lithium (e.g. high tritium breeding and solubility) and at the same time reduces overall flammability concerns. This study evaluates the neutronics performance of lithium-based alloys in the blanket of an inertial fusion energy chamber in order to inform such development. 3-D Monte Carlo calculations were performed to evaluate two main neutronics performance parameters for the blanket: tritium breeding ratio (TBR), and the fusion energy multiplication factor (EMF). It was found that elements that exhibit low absorption cross sections and higher q-values such as Pb, Sn, and Sr, perform well with those that have high neutron multiplication such as Pb and Bi. These elements meet TBR constrains ranging from 1.02 to 1.1. However, most alloys do not reach EMFs greater than 1.15. Additionally, it was found that enriching lithium with6Li significantly increases the TBR and decreases the minimum lithium concentration by more than 60%. The amount of enrichment depends on how much total lithium is in the alloy to begin with. Alloys that performed well in the TBR and EMF calculations were considered for activation analysis. Activation simulations were executed with 50 years of irradiation and 300 years of cooling. It was discovered that bismuth is a poor choice due to achieving the highest decay heat, contact dose rates, and accident doses. In addition, it does not meet the waste disposal ratings (WDR). Some of the activation results for alloys with Sn, Zn, and Ga were in the higher end and should be considered secondary to elements such as Sr and Ba that had overall better results. The results of this study along with other considerations such as thermodynamics, and chemical reactivity will help down select a preferred lithium ternary alloy.

Compound semiconductor alloys have been the focus of research as materials of construction for optoelectronic devices. The miscibility of these alloys is difficult to quantify experimentally. The literature data available, from theoretical modelling studies using the regular solution theory, shows wide variance. Hence, in this study, the molecular simulation approach is used with empirical Valence Force Field potential model to predict the miscibility diagrams, critical state properties and critical exponents for semiconductors. Simulation results indicate Al(x)Ga(1-x)As, Al(x)Ga(1-x)P and Al(x)Ga(1-x)Sb alloys are completely miscible at room temperature. For the other alloys, the miscibility diagram is asymmetric and the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) increases as the lattice mismatch increases. At a temperature below UCST, wide miscibility gap exists and phase segregation occurs. The critical exponents, alpha(C) and beta(C), calculated are found to be in good agreement with known solution values. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A fixed-period delay method is proposed to increase the detection range and detection stability of a ternary barcode detection system. The system combines an envelope differential detection technique containing nonlinear filtering and a fixed-period delay to detect the barcode over a longer range and at higher scanning speeds while being simple and capable of handling a large amount of information. The system was demonstrated with its miniaturized circuit and it was established that the detection range of the system for a minimum bar width W=0.25mm was 1.8 times that of the conventional count-latch envelope differential technique because of the stable delay achieved by a shift register and the noise suppression by a nonlinear filter. In addition, the system operated at a maximum scanning speed of 8.3 times that of conventional charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras under the practical detection range for W=0.3mm. This system is expected to enable the real-time identification of goods on production lines and in automated warehouses.

To determine the liquid–solid phase equilibria of the Nb-Si-Ti ternary system, Nb-Si-Ti alloys of different compositions are prepared. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), the phases in the alloys, such as Si-based solutions, Ti(Nb)Si, Ti(Nb)Si2, Nb(Ti)Si2, Ti(Nb)5Si4, Nb(Ti)5Si3, Ti(Nb)5Si3, Nb(Ti)3Si and Nb-based solutions are identified, and the phase evolution is analyzed. As a result, the microstructural and microchemical evidence provides a clear definition of the Nb-Si-Ti liquidus surface projection and indicates that the ternary phase diagram has seven transition reactions.

We present a first experimental study of density-induced segregation within a three-dimensional, vibrofluidised, ternary granular system. Using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT), we study the steady-state particle distributions achieved by binary and ternary granular beds under a variety of differing system parameters. In doing so, we determine the extent to which the segregative processes in ternary systems resemble their comparatively well-researched binary counterparts. We examine the influence of particle elasticity on the system, demonstrating the existence of a significant parameter range for which the effects of inelasticity-induced segregation may be safely neglected. Finally, we investigate the existence of a causal link between convective motion within a system and the segregative behaviours observed.

We introduce a simple and predictive model for determining the phase stability of ternary phospholipid-cholesterol mixtures. Assuming that competition between the liquid and gel order of the phospholipids is the main driving force behind lipid segregation, we derive a Gibbs free energy of mixing, based on the thermodynamic properties of the lipids main transition. A numerical approach was devised that enables the fast and efficient determination of the ternary diagrams associated with our Gibbs free energy. The computed phase coexistence diagram of DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol reproduces well-known features for this system at $10\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, as well as its evolution with temperature.

Magnetic field and time induced steps have been observed in the recently discovered ternary silicide R6Co1.67Si3. Huge relaxation steps are observed across different loops in the low temperature magnetization isotherms. Giant relaxation present in this system indicates the existence of incubation time to get the saturated moment at a certain field. Measurement protocol sensitive magnetization behavior observed in this system may arise from the strong magnetostructural coupling and/or magnetic frustration. Electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance also reflect the magnetic state of the compound. Magnetocaloric effect is found to be large at temperatures close to the magnetic transition temperature., 15 pages, 9 figures

The Hall effect and magnetoresistance were measured for stage-1 and -2 potassium-hydrogen-graphite ternary intercalation compounds (KH-GIC's) in the temperature range 1.4--250 K, in order to investigate their electronic structure and transport properties. The presence of two kinds of carriers was found: majority carriers in the graphitic ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ bands with electron character and minority hole carriers in the free-electron-like hydrogen 1s band. The hole carriers in the H 1s band are associated with the incomplete charge transfer to the hydrogen species. The Hall coefficient ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{H}}$ and conductivity tensor ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{x}\mathit{y}}$ component exhibit large temperature dependences, which are considered to be due to the different in-plane scattering mechanisms for the two kinds of carriers. The hole carriers were found to have high mobilities, comparable to the mobilities of the graphitic \ensuremath{\pi} electrons. The scattering mechanism for the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ bands can be explained in terms of an acoustic-phonon scattering process with small effective masses and a large deformation potential. On the other hand, that for the H 1s band is dominated by an acoustic-phonon scattering process, with a small deformation potential in the ionic ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ intercalate layers below 80 K, in addition to a low-energy optical-phonon scattering, which is operative mainly at higher temperatures.

Composition modulated Bi2(Te1−xSex)3 thin films were prepared on stainless steel substrates by cathodic electrodeposition. The composition was dependent on the deposition conditions. It was possible to obtain, in the same electrolyte, films with either an excess or a deficiency of bismuth in relation to stoichiometric Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 by changing the deposition potential or the applied current density. The excess of bismuth was reached at the highest cathodic conditions. The variation of the crystallographic axis and the morphology with a granular structure were correlated with the presence of the Bi enrichment in the ternary. The crystallographic texture of bismuth telluride films was studied according to the electrodeposition conditions. The films presented a fibre texture, and a main orientation {11.0} was observed. Electrical and thermoelectric properties of a Bi1.98Te2.67Se0.39 film were measured and showed an n-type behaviour.