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Copyright of Latin American & Latinx Visual Culture is the property of University of California Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Teológicas is the property of Cuestiones Teologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro is the property of Hipogrifo: revista de literatura y cultura del siglo de oro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the documentary series belonging to the Delegation of the Cause of the Saints, corresponding to the diocesan archives of the Ecclesiastical Archives of Mérida - Badajoz. This Delegation, institutionally managed by the Episcopal Vicariates of the Archbishopric, is functionally responsible for the document management of the martyrdoms suffered by certain individuals as a result of the Spanish Civil War. Institutional analysis, archival techniques, and historical examination are the methodological resources that have been followed. As a result, specific series related to the cause of martyrdom are identified, which will allow us to comprehensively understand the personal files and related documentation of all those who were involved in the religious persecution of 1936, as well as provide researchers with possible lines of investigation based on their analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the accounts built about the "martyrdom" of the Jesuit Cristóval de Mendonza in 1635, and also about the conflicts that erupted after this episode in the "moutains and hills" that extended to the east of the province of Tape. Instead of an investigation aimed at understanding the reasons that could have led to the attack on the missionary, or a description of the consequences of that episode, this study proposes an analysis of some classifications and rhetorical constructions used by the Jesuits to establish a narrative about what happened. Through the comparison between different writings, we intend to highlight the relationships between that critical episode, and the transformations in the ways in which the missionaries began to characterize the inhabitants of the "region" that served as the stage for the "martyrdom". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the cult of the Cairolis, a well-known family of Italian patriots from Pavia that became an icon of radical democracy, in order to shed light on patriotic martyrdom during the Risorgimento. Combining political history with cultural and gender history, I will use a wide and varied range of sources (letters, funeral brochures, prayer cards, reliquaries and so on) that will allow me to reconstruct the origins, dissemination, and evolution of the cult of the Cairolis: not only that of the four brothers but also that of the mother, Adelaide Bono – one of the very few female 'martyrs' of the Risorgimento. In this way, it is possible to examine in depth the 'Garibaldian religion' and, especially, the creation of a 'pantheon' of red shirts, namely those volunteers/apostles who, in the radicals' eyes, followed the General/Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scripta Mediaevalia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teología is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By comparing the accounts of the martyrdom of the English proto-saint Alban written by Bede (c. 673-735) and John Foxe (1516/7-1587), this essay aims to analyse how the sixteenth-century author reworked the medieval genre of the passio to create a new history of the English Church that incorporated the martyrs of the Reformation movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teoría y Praxis is the property of Editorial Universidad Don Bosco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Teológicas is the property of Cuestiones Teologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gonçalo da Silveira, S. J. (Almeirim, February 23, 1521-Mwenemutapa/ Monomotapa, March 15, 1561), arrives in Mozambique in March 1560 to evangelize in the missions of Gamba, Tongue, Inhambane, and Monomotapa – Portuguese spelling of Mwenemutapa –, the mighty African kingdom between the south bank of the Zambezi River and the Limpopo river, with the capital presumably in Khami, now in the region of Matabeleland, in Zimbabwe. He arrives in the kingdom of Mwenemutapa Chisamharu Negomo Mupunzagutu (c. 1543- c. 1589, emperor from c. 1560 to c. 1589), on December 26, 1560, and Gonçalo da Silveira became a person of his entire trust, so much so that he allowed him to enter into his private chamber. About a month after Silveira’s arrival, Mwenemutapa was baptized with the name Dom Sebastião and his mother, Dona Maria. All studies point out that Gonçalo da Silveira’s main antagonists were the Muslim merchants, who felt threatened by their commercial and religious interests. In a contemporary reinterpretation of the historical facts, Gonçalo da Silveira has been accused of being possessed by the spirits of Dzivaguru-Karuva and Chicara and being a betrayer sent by a fumo named Capote of Mongazes group. In fact, on March 15, 1561, the young Mwenemutapa ordered Gonçalo da Silveira’s assassination by hanging. His body was thrown into the Musengedzi River and has never been found. Gonçalo da Silveira is considered the first missionary and the protomartyr of Southern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This brief study aims at documenting the facts and initiate a theological reading of the tragic and evangelically extraordinary story of the forty seminarians of the Minor Seminary of Buta in the Diocese of Bururi in Southern Burundi, who are considered martyrs of the fraternity, killed on the 30th of April 1997, by the armed rebels on ethnic grounds. They refused to separate themselves into groups of Hutu and Tutsi, proclaiming the same paternity in God and the primacy of the fraternal bond in Christ. This is a two-side reflection, which mainly makes use of the contribution of Fr. Marc Bigirindavyi, who miraculously survived the tragic event, who combines the story of the facts with the documentation of the many fruits that resulted from this martyrdom, including the start of the diocesan process for his ecclesial recognition (21 June 2019). In the second part, the article wants to show how this testimony of fraternity lived to the point of blood shed touches not only a crucial and decisive point of the enculturation of the Gospel in Africa, but also the very heart of the Christian kerygma, and therefore can be considered as a prophetic event, capable of marking the start of a new phase of evangelization in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABEI Journal: The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Estudos Irlandeses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the end of the first century, when John received the vision and recorded it in the book of Revelation, the churches in Asia did not face the worst period of persecution. Even though there were occasional persecutions and some shadow of intensification of regular persecution was on the horizon, many Christians, as Roman citizens, found themselves in relative peace and security, enjoying privileges and benefits from the rich imperial trade in the region of Asia Minor. The desire to remain enjoying certain benefits led many believers to follow the path of cultural accommodation proposed by eloquent false teachers of the time. Against this behavior, Revelation demonstrates that true believers need to follow the example of Christ, who was faithful unto death and received the reward at the resurrection. In this way, if they are willing to live faithfully to Christ and face their own death because of it, they will give true testimony to the world, as well as participate in the reward of Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivio Giuridico is the property of Mucchi Editore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of our research, entitled Eusebius of Caesarea and martyrdom as a pedagogical strategy, is to analyze some episodes of martyrdom narrated in the work Church History because we believe that through this study we will have the opportunity to understand how Christianity has put itself as an educational model that sought to restore the collapsing imperial order. It is crucial to note that we follow the paths of social history that are based primarily on the contributions of the Annales school to history and historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze some episodes of martyrdom narrated in the Ecclesiastical History of Eusébio de Caesaréia (265-339), better known as the father of the History of the Church for his most famous work, Ecclesiastical History. We believe that, through this study, we will have the opportunity to understand how Christianity positioned itself as an educational model that sought to restore the Roman imperial order on the verge of collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the honor to Christian martyrs during the first centuries of Christianity. In particular, reference will be made to the position held by the honor to martyrs in the thought and work of St. John Chrysostom, one of the greatest fathers of Christianity. A great part will focus on the analysis of sermons and writings by John Chrysostom. related to the martyrs' life. Finally, this paper will explore a series of roles that martyrs, through the emerging worship of the Church, have fulfilled for Christians at the end of the fifth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After explaining the religious and historical dimension of sainthood, this article focuses on the importance it came to take on in Christianity. Over the centuries, a specific theology developed, with recognition of the «signs of holiness», preservation of the saints’ memory in the liturgy and in works of history/biography, promotion of the saints’ cults, and development of centralized institutions for their official recognition. In the long history of religious experiences, through which people have pursued the ideal of perfection through the choice of lifestyle, ascetic practices, and the exercise of virtue, the centrality of «recognition» is individualized. Starting from one individual choice, we see a progression through the phase of social and religious consensus, leading to ecclesiastical approval granted through processes involving different methods, time frames and instruments over the centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Martyrdom, because it is an external fact, requires external recognition and evaluation. It cannot be an internal, spiritual, hidden or psychological event, but must necessarily take place materially "in front of the eyes" of other people. For this reason, the figure of the eyewitness of martyrdom (de visu) or the figure of the listening witness (ex auditu) play a very important role. Its task is to evaluate the fact of the physical loss of life by means of the intellect and the senses. This only, in close connection with the evaluation of the interior position of faith and love of the murdered person, can constitute grounds for the beginning of the canonization process by the way of martyrdom. The article deals in detail with all the aspects inherent to the figure of the witness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Author-supplied Abstracts.)

The essay aims to examine once again the well-known case of the socalled movement of the "martyrs of Cordoba", when a series of executions of Christians convicted of blasphemy took place during the ninth century in the Spanish city under the rule of the Islamic caliphate. A casual arrest started a series of self-accusation and provocation on the part of Christian men and women, monks and lay, which put in difficulty not only the Arab authorities but also the church itself. Among the protagonists was Eulogius, a presbyter, supporter and chronicler of the movement, in his turn destined to be martyrized. In this context, martyrdom stands at the crossroads between testimony and propaganda, defence of the indigenous cultural identity and political provocation, highlighting the potential of an alternative leadership offered by such a situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the most relevant works of some noteworthy authors, this article aims at reconstructing the thought of the eighteenth century Italian Jansenism concerning the theme of martyrdom. During the eighteenth century some of the most important followers of Jansenism, such as Pietro Tamburini, Giuseppe Zola, Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, Giuseppe Maria Pujati, Scipione de Ricci, reflected more or less systematically on the theme of martyrdom. This article develops an analysis of the ecclesiology and the political theology of the eighteenth century Italian Jansenism. This perspective of research makes it possible to highlight how the reflection of Jansenism regarding the theme of martyrdom had mainly rhetorical and propaganda purposes, aimed at criticizing the authority of the Roman curia and the pope. The analysis of the thought of Italian Jansenism about martyrdom constitutes a privileged point of view for understanding the evolution of the identity and self-perception of this religious movement during the eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anti-foreigners Boxer Rebellion of summer 1900 provoked the death of about one hundred English Protestant missionaries in the North-East regions of China. Several letters and diaries written by the victims just before dying were soon collected and published in London by the China Inland Mission, conferring to the dead missionaries the title of "martyrs". The analysis of these documents led to a definition of "martyrdom" in the Protestant missionary context between the 19th and 20th century, which highlights the propagandistic value not only of the martyrologies but also of the very martyrial act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the article is the juridical-historical idea of martyrdom expressed in the De servorum Dei beatificatione et beatorum canonizatione written by Prospero Lambertini, the future pope Benedict 14th. Lambertini's view is, first of all, a juridical one, because he was a jurist, and his professional attitude towards the sanctity was deeply conditioned by this personal situation of the future pope, who thought that, in general, the sanctity could be proved through a special kind of juridical trial, based upon the canon law. This was his opinion also about the demonstration of the martyrdom, which had to be proved through a series of matters of fact that had to be discussed during the canonical trial, also if such kind of facts or such kind of situations were in a certain sense not-demonstrables, because they would belong to the inner dispositions of the martyr or of the persecutor. The author's opinion is that Lambertini indeed was not deeply interested in the problem of contemporary martyrdom, especially when it would concern the missionary contexts, while his analysis is concentrated upon the erudite recapitulation of the stories of martyrs of the late antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obedience was one of the essential characters of the Jesuit way of being and it determined also the ideals of sacrifice and martyrdom. During the xvi century, we can distinguish two moments. Ignatius of Loyola, reader of Erasmus, saw in Christ's sacrifice also a reflection of his human nature. Bellarmine affirmed that between God's sacrifice and human martyrdom it was a gap: Christ's death was the accomplishment of the prophecy of the Old Testament of the death of God,in human and missionary martyrdom the Jesuits saw the testimony of the «imitatio Christi». But in order to be an action of religion the death of Jesuit had to be inspired by the will of obedience to the hierarchy of the Company, which directed the "militia". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the function of Revelation 1:7 to the mission motif in the book of Revelation. The main thesis is that Revelation 1:7 sets the tone for this theme in the entire book. The placement of the conflated quotation of Daniel 7:13 and Zechariah 12:10 in the prologue introduces a deliberate dualism calling the nations to repent or receive the coming judgment. The difficulty is in the interpretation of the prophecy of Zech. 12:10. The notion that this prophecy delineates the future of the nations in foreseeing their eschatological mourning in repentance is not widely accepted by scholarship. In the OT context of Zech. 12:10 and in its use in the Second Temple Judaism literature, the tone of judgment is altogether absent. The eschatological mourning in repentance of all the tribes of Israel is then universalized to all the tribes of the earth in the NT quotations of Zech. 12:10. Rev. 1:7 introduces four important missional themes, namely, the fulfillment of the Abrahamic blessing, the final procession of the nations to Zion, the urgent call to repentance, and a dualistic tendency of a victorious and a suffering Church in the mission-to-the-nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation into Spanish of the first comments to the motu proprio Maiorem hac dilectionem is the startingpoint herein to propose some reflections on the New Way approved and enacted by Pope Francis regarding the beatification and canonization. Specifically, this work addresses the considerations concerning the proving criteria provided in Article 2 of the motu proprio, like the adverbial phrases "at least" and "short-term" and the expression "ordinary exercise of the virtues". These are open questions that the praxis of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints will defined and complete prudently and carefully, while examining the assumptions to be proposed by this New Way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Manuscrits: Revista d'Historia Moderna is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mirai. Estudios Japoneses is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article traverses on the resistance tactics created by the Christian Japanese during 17th century's Japan, which was marked by the proclamation of the prohibition edicts towards that faith. The research is based on Japanese and European sources, among which are highlighted Fabian Fukan's Deus Destroyed, Cristovão Ferreira's Deceit Disclosed and Jesuits' Exhortations to Martyrdom, written by the Jesuits that resided in Japan. The theoretical framework adopted relies on Michel de Certeau's idea on "strategies and tactics" and the way different groups interact with each other inside various power relations. The research's objective is to show how, through resistance tactics - like the secret worship of Jesus Christ, Saints and martyrs - the Japanese Christianity was able to bypass the coercive strategies created by the central government, and to originate a new type of the religion presented by the Jesuits, the kakure kirishitan, or Hidden Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]