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Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial element for cardiovascular system and its deficiency results in a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of oral Mg supplementation on the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles (VES) in children. Magnesium supplementation was given to 42 children who had VES without structural heart disease. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and Holter monitoring studies were reviewed. The mean baseline 24 h VES burden on Holter monitoring was 10.26% ± 4.13% and it was decreased to 6.62% ± 3.88% after. There was no significant difference between the pre-treatment serum Mg levels and the decrease in the frequency of VES. In conclusion, oral Mg therapy was found to be effective at suppressing VES in children regardless of serum Mg levels. Large and randomized studies are needed to demonstrate the effect of magnesium on VES suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Femoral venous access is routinely used for radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) procedures. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is often sub‐clinical, is uncommon following RFCA. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is a cost‐effective way to diagnose DVT. Identification of DVT incidence, especially if sub‐clinical, can direct change in practice to reduce DVT and lay ground for cost‐effective screening strategies postprocedures. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of DVT after right‐sided radiofrequency cardiac catheter ablation using POCUS. Methods: We conducted a single‐center prospective cross‐sectional study in patients undergoing right‐sided RFCA. Within 24 h postprocedure, the participants underwent compression venous duplex ultrasonography using POCUS to look for evidence of DVT in cannulated limb. The contralateral limb that was not cannulated was scanned as a control. Results: A total of 194 patients were scanned post‐right‐sided RFCA procedures. Average age was 43.5 ± 13.2 years and 131 (67.5%) were women. A total of 148 (76.3%) patients underwent AVNRT ablation. Ten (5.2%) patients developed DVT, of which nine had sub‐clinical DVT. Age (>53 years), greater sum of sheaths used (>3) and longer duration of bed rest maintained (up to 4.0 h vs. >4.0 h, p = 0.006) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion: Most of the DVTs after right‐sided catheter ablation are sub‐clinical. Routine scanning for DVT after right‐sided catheter ablation as well as reducing number of sheaths and bed rest should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the electrocardiography (ECG) measurements of healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to predict whether they can be used to determine the risk of arrhythmia in patients. Patients and methods: The prospective study included 50 cardiac asymptomatic RA patients (38 males, 12 females; mean age: 46.8±9.1 years; range, 18 to 60 years) who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology RA criteria and 50 healthy volunteers (34 males, 16 females; mean age: 43.4±10.4 years; range, 18 to 60 years) as a control group between June 1, 2022, and August 31, 2022. Disease activity of the patients was calculated with the Disase Activity Score (DAS28). Heart rate, minimum and maximum QT intervals, QT dispersion, minimum and maximum P waves, P wave dispersion (Pd), minimum and maximum Tp-e intervals, Tp-e dispersion, minimum and maximum corrected QT (QTc) intervals, QTc dispersion, and the Tp-e/QTc ratio in ECGs were calculated. Results: The mean disease duration of the RA group was 9.09±5.74 years. The mean C-reactive protein level was 9.83±8.29, the mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 26.12±16.28 mm/h, and the mean DAS28 was 3.03±0.37. There was a statistically significant increase in the maximum P wave, Pd, maximum QT, QT dispersion, maximum QTc, QTc dispersion, maximum Tp-e, Tp-e dispersion, and Tp-e/QTc dispersion parameters in the RA group compared to the control group, while there was a significant decrease in the minimum P wave, minimum QT, and minimum QTc parameters. Conclusion: In our study, the Pd, QTc dispersion, Tp-e dispersion, and Tp-e/QTc dispersion values of our patients, which indicate the risk of atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, were found to be significantly higher. This finding suggests that our patients had an increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Arrhythmias are the likely source of the increase in sudden cardiac death in RA, and these new indicators measured on ECG can be used as standardized cardiovascular morbidity and mortality indicators in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the effects of early rehabilitation nursing combined with enteral nutrition on acute myocardial infarction patients' recovery and nutritional status after percutaneous coronary intervention. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 92 patients who underwent therapy in our hospital following percutaneous coronary intervention from February 2021 to February 2023. These patients were split into a control group and a study group. The control group received standard rehabilitation nursing and routine parenteral nutrition, while the study group was administered early rehabilitation nursing and enteral nutritional support. Post-intervention outcomes showed that the study group had higher left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, 6-minute walking test results, Chinese Cardiovascular Patients' Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire scores, and total protein and albumin levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the study group exhibited a lower incidence of complications and higher nursing satisfaction than the control group (P < 0.05). This indicates that early rehabilitation nursing combined with enteral nutrition is beneficial for enhancing postoperative recovery, improving nutritional status, and elevating the quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common arrhythmia in the postoperative setting. We aimed to investigate the incidence of postoperative AF (POAF) and determine its predictors, with a specific focus on inflammation markers. Methods: We performed a retrospective single tertiary center cohort study including consecutive adult patients who underwent a major surgical procedure between January 2016 and January 2020. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to the type of surgery. Results: Among 53,387 included patients (79.4% male, age 64.5 ± 9.5 years), POAF occurred in 570 (1.1%) with a mean latency after surgery of 3.4 ± 2.6 days. Ninety patients died (0.17%) after a mean of 13.7 ± 8.4 days. The 28‐day arrhythmia‐free survival was lower in patients undergoing lung and cardiovascular surgery (p <.001). Patients who developed POAF had higher levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) (0.70 ± 0.03 vs. 0.40 ± 0.01 log10 mg/dl; p <.001). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, adjusting for confounding factors, CRP was an independent predictor of POAF [HR per 1 mg/dL increase in log‐scale = 1.81 (95% CI 1.18–2.79); p =.007]. Moreover, independent predictors of POAF were also age (HR/1 year increase = 1.06 (95% CI 1.04–1.08); I <.001), lung and cardiovascular surgery (HR 23.62; (95% CI 5.65–98.73); p <.001), and abdominal and esophageal surgery (HR 6.26; 95% CI 1.48–26.49; p =.013). Conclusions: Lung and cardiovascular surgery had the highest risk of POAF in the presented cohort. CRP was an independent predictor of POAF and postsurgery inflammation may represent a major driver in the pathophysiology of the arrhythmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by progressive myocardial dysfunction and associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular (CV) events. To determine right heart strain (ventricular and atrial global longitudinal strain (RVGLS and RAGLS) in patients with definite ARVC and its association with adverse events during follow-up. Methods and results RVGLS and RAGLS were analysed in focused right heart apical views from 70 patients using TomTec ImageArena and association with a composite endpoint was determined (sustained ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death). Over a median follow-up duration of 4.9 years, 26 (37%) patients met the endpoint. RVGLS was significantly impaired in the event group (−11.5 [−13.3 to −10.2] %) vs. the no-event group (−15.8 [−17.1 to −14.5] %, P < 0.001), and so was RAGLS (22.8 [21.4–27.4] % vs. 31.5 [25.1–39.6] %, respectively, P < 0.001). In Cox regression, RVGLS (HR 1.36, P < 0.001) and RAGLS (HR 0.92, P = 0.002) were associated with a higher risk of adverse events. In multivariable Cox regression models, RVGLS and RAGLS remained independent of and were incremental to age, gender, and conventional RV parameters, and model fitness was improved when RVGLS and RAGLS were applied together rather than alone. Conclusion RVGLS and RAGLS are more impaired in patients with adverse events and associated with adverse events independent of age, gender, and conventional RV parameters. When RVGLS and RAGLS are applied together, prediction models are improved suggesting that right heart strain may form part of the echocardiographic routine protocol in patients with ARVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dexmedetomidine and propofol are common sedatives in intensive care units and for interventional procedures. Both may compromise sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction. The objective of this prospective, randomized study is to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine with propofol on sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction. Methods: In a tertiary care center in Switzerland we included from September 2019 to October 2020 160 patients (65 ± 11 years old; 32% female) undergoing first ablation for atrial fibrillation by cryoballoon ablation or by radiofrequency ablation. Patients were randomly assigned to deep sedation with dexmedetomidine (DEX group) versus propofol (PRO group). A standard electrophysiological study was performed after pulmonary vein isolation with the patients still deeply sedated and hemodynamically stable. Results: Eighty patients each were randomized to the DEX and PRO group. DEX group patients had higher baseline sinus cycle length (1022 vs. 1138 ms; p = 0.003) and longer sinus node recovery time (SNRT400; 1597 vs. 1412 ms; p = 0.042). However, both corrected SNRT and normalized SNRT did not differ. DEX group patients had longer PR interval (207 vs. 186 ms; p = 0.002) and AH interval (111 vs. 95 ms, p = 0.008), longer Wenckebach cycle length of the atrioventricular node (512 vs. 456 ms; p = 0.005), and longer atrioventricular node effective refractory period (390 vs. 344 ms; p = 0.009). QRS width and HV interval were not different. An arrhythmia, mainly atrial fibrillation, was induced in 33 patients during the electrophysiological study, without differences among groups (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.533). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine has a more pronounced slowing effect on sinus rate and suprahissian AV conduction than propofol, but not on infrahissian AV conduction and ventricular repolarization. These differences need to be taken into account when using these sedatives. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03844841, 19/02/2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Limited data exist on pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) undergoing left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI). Methods: The Advanced TecHnologies For SuccEssful AblatioN of AF in Clinical Practice (ATHENA) prospective registry included consecutive patients referred for PeAF catheter ablation at 9 Italian centers, treated with the FARAPULSETM‐PFA system. The primary efficacy and safety study endpoints were the acute LAPWI rate, freedom from arrhythmic recurrences and the incidence of major periprocedural complications. Patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone, PWI + LAPWI and redo procedures were compared. Results: Among 249 patients, 21.7% had long‐standing PeAF, 79.5% were male; mean age was 63 ± 9 years. LAPWI was performed in 57.6% of cases, with 15.3% being redo procedures. Median skin‐to‐skin times (PVI‐only 68 [60−90] vs. PVI + LAPWI 70 [59−88] mins) did not differ between groups. 45.8% LAPWI cases were approached with a 3D‐mapping system, and 37.3% with intracardiac echocardiography. LAPWI was achieved in all patients by means of PFA alone, in 88.8% cases at first pass. LAPWI was validated either by an Ultrahigh‐density mapping system or by recording electrical activity + pacing maneuvers. No major complications occurred, while 2.4% minor complications were detected. During a median follow‐up of 273 [191–379] days, 41 patients (16.5%) experienced an arrhythmic recurrence after the 90‐day blanking period, with a mean time to recurrence of 223 ± 100 days and no differences among ablation strategies. Conclusion: LAPWI with PFA demonstrates feasibility, rapidity, and safety in real‐world practice, offering a viable alternative for PeAF patients. LAPWI is achievable even with a fluoroscopy‐only method and does not significantly extend overall procedural times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stroke is a prominent contributor to both mortality and disability worldwide, with most affected individuals suffering from acute ischemic strokes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most known cardiac arrhythmias and increases the risk of ischemic stroke fivefold. Studies regarding laboratory findings in patients with acute AF-related stroke are limited. Blood biomarkers and laboratory findings can provide additional information on stroke severity, potential underlying causes, and treatment response. Our aim is to discuss laboratory findings and biomarkers in patients with acute stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IV r-tPA). Methods: A total of 219 acute stroke patients were treated with IV r-tPA and/or MT. Patients with known AF or those diagnosed during follow-up were classified as AF (+), whereas others were classified as AF (-). Results: C-reactive protein, monocytes, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values were significantly higher in both groups on day 7. Some laboratory parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell and glomerular filtration rate) showed significant differences between the two groups. Additionally, we found that leukocyte and neutrophil values were elevated only in the AF (+) group on day 7. In the AF (+) group, the left atrial diameter on transthoracic echocardiography was >40 mm, and troponin levels were high. Conclusion: Laboratory findings in patients with AF receiving acute stroke treatment can provide additional information about many clinical events related to stroke. These findings and biomarkers can provide more details on stroke severity, underlying causes, and treatment effectiveness. Because there is limited research on laboratory findings in strokes related to AF, our study can provide additional contributions to this important area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Previously, we demonstrated that inferolateral mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is more prevalent in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) than in healthy controls. In the present study, we advanced the insights into the prevalence and ventricular arrhythmogenicity by inferolateral MAD in an even larger IVF cohort. Methods and results This retrospective multi-centre study included 185 IVF patients [median age 39 (27, 52) years, 40% female]. Cardiac magnetic resonance images were analyzed for mitral valve and annular abnormalities and late gadolinium enhancement. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without MAD. MAD in any of the 4 locations was present in 112 (61%) IVF patients and inferolateral MAD was identified in 24 (13%) IVF patients. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was found in 13 (7%) IVF patients. MVP was more prevalent in patients with inferolateral MAD compared with patients without inferolateral MAD (42 vs. 2%, P < 0.001). Pro-arrhythmic characteristics in terms of a high burden of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were more prevalent in patients with inferolateral MAD compared to patients without inferolateral MAD (67 vs. 23%, P < 0.001 and 63 vs. 41%, P = 0.046, respectively). Appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy during follow-up was comparable for IVF patients with or without inferolateral MAD (13 vs. 18%, P = 0.579). Conclusion A high prevalence of inferolateral MAD and MVP is a consistent finding in this large IVF cohort. The presence of inferolateral MAD is associated with a higher PVC burden and non-sustained VTs. Further research is needed to explain this potential interplay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: When ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurs after standard RF ablation (sRFA) some patients benefit from repeat sRFA, whereas others warrant advanced methods such as intramural needle ablation (INA). Our objectives are to assess the utility of repeat sRFA and to clarify the benefit of INA when repeat sRFA fails in patients with VT due to structural heart disease. Methods: In consecutive patients who were prospectively enrolled in a study for INA for recurrent sustained monomorphic VT despite sRFA, repeat sRFA was considered first. INA was performed during the same procedure if repeat sRFA failed or no targets for sRFA were identified. Results: Of 85 patients enrolled, acute success with repeat sRFA was achieved in 30 patients (35%), and during the 6‐month follow‐up, 87% (20/23) were free of VT hospitalization, 78% were free of any VT, and 7 were lost to follow‐up. INA was performed in 55 patients (65%) after sRFA failed, or no endocardial targets were found abolished or modified inducible VT in 35/55 patients (64%). During follow‐up, 72% (39/54) were free of VT hospitalization, 41% were free of any VT, and 1 was lost to follow‐up. Overall, 59 out of 77 (77%) patients were free of hospitalization and 52% were free of any VT. Septal‐origin VTs were more likely to need INA, whereas RV and papillary muscle VTs were less likely to require INA. Conclusions: Repeat sRFA was beneficial in 23% (18/77) of patients with recurrent sustained VT who were referred for INA. The availability of INA increased favorable outcomes to 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation relies on the intersection of a critical voltage gradient with tissue to cause cell death. Field‐based lesion formation with PEF technologies may still depend on catheter–tissue contact (CTC). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of CTC on PEF lesion formation with an investigational large area focal (LAF) catheter in a preclinical model. Methods: PEF ablation via a 10‐spline LAF catheter was used to create discrete right ventricle (RV) lesions and atrial lesion sets in 10 swine (eight acute, two chronic). Local impedance (LI) was used to assess CTC. Lesions were assigned to three cohorts using LI above baseline: no tissue contact (NTC: ≤∆10 Ω, close proximity to tissue), low tissue contact (LTC: ∆11–29 Ω), and high tissue contact (HTC: ≥∆30 Ω). Acute animals were infused with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and killed ≥2 h post‐treatment. Chronic animals were remapped 30 days post‐index procedure and stained with infused TTC. Results: Mean (± SD) RV treatment sizes between LTC (n = 14) and HTC (n = 17) lesions were not significantly different (depth: 5.65 ± 1.96 vs. 5.68 ± 2.05 mm, p =.999; width: 15.68 ± 5.22 vs. 16.98 ± 4.45 mm, p =.737), while mean treatment size for NTC lesions (n = 6) was significantly smaller (1.67 ± 1.16 mm depth, 5.97 ± 4.48 mm width, p <.05). For atrial lesion sets, acute and chronic conduction block were achieved with both LTC (N = 7) and HTC (N = 6), and NTC resulted in gaps. Conclusions: PEF ablation with a specialized LAF catheter in a swine model is dependent on CTC. LI as an indicator of CTC may aid in the creation of consistent transmural lesions in PEF ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with serious mental illness have a markedly shorter life expectancy. A major contributor to premature death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated associations of (genetic liability for) depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with a range of CVD traits and examined to what degree these were driven by important confounders. Methods: We included participants of the Dutch Lifelines cohort (N = 147 337) with information on self-reported lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia and CVD traits. Employing linear mixed-effects models, we examined associations between mental illness diagnoses and CVD, correcting for psychotropic medication, demographic and lifestyle factors. In a subsample (N = 73 965), we repeated these analyses using polygenic scores (PGSs) for the three mental illnesses. Results: There was strong evidence that depressive disorder diagnosis is associated with increased arrhythmia and atherosclerosis risk and lower heart rate variability, even after confounder adjustment. Positive associations were also found for the depression PGSs with arrhythmia and atherosclerosis. Bipolar disorder was associated with a higher risk of nearly all CVD traits, though most diminished after adjustment. The bipolar disorder PGSs did not show any associations. While the schizophrenia PGSs was associated with increased arrhythmia risk and lower heart rate variability, schizophrenia diagnosis was not. All mental illness diagnoses were associated with lower blood pressure and a lower risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Our study shows widespread associations of (genetic liability to) mental illness (primarily depressive disorder) with CVD, even after confounder adjustment. Future research should focus on clarifying potential causal pathways between mental illness and CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Although extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers (ExPVTs) play a role in atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation (AFCA), the mechanism is unknown. We explored whether the locations of ExPVTs were associated with low-voltage scar areas (LVAs). Methods: Among 2255 consecutive patients who underwent a de novo AFCA, 1696 (male 72.1%, median 60 years old, paroxysmal 64.7%) were included who underwent isoproterenol provocation and voltage mapping of the left atrium (LA) during their procedures. We investigated the associations between ExPVTs and their mean LA voltage and colocalization of ExPVTs within LVAs (<0.2 mV). Results: We observed ExPVTs in 181 (10.7%) patients (60 in the LA, 99 in the right atrium [RA], 16 biatrial, and 6 unmappable). A lower mean LA voltage was independently associated with the existence of ExPVTs (OR 0.77 per 1 SD mV increase, 95% CI 0.60-0.99, p = .039). Among 76 patients who had ExPVTs[LA], 43 (56.6%) had ExPVTs within LVAs. During a median of a 42-month follow-up, patients with ExPVTs had a higher AF recurrence than those without (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.48-2.37, Log-rank p < .001), but colocalization of ExPVTs and LVAs (Log-rank p = .544) and the anatomical location of ExPVTs (Log-rank p = .084) did not affect the rhythm outcome. Conclusions: The presence of ExPVTs was associated with low LA voltage and poor rhythm outcome post-AFCA, but the colocalization of ExPVTs and LVA in LA did not affect rhythm outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) for premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) restores cardiac and renal functions in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); however, its effects on preserved EF remain unelucidated. Methods: The study cohort comprised 246 patients with a PVC burden of >10% on Holter electrocardiography. Using propensity matching, we compared the changes in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients who underwent CA or did not. Results: Postoperative BNP levels were decreased significantly in the CA group, regardless of the degree of LVEF, whereas there was no change in those of the non- CA group. Among patients who underwent CA, BNP levels decreased from 44.1 to 33.0 pg/mL in those with LVEF ≥50% (p = .002) and from 141.0 to 87.9 pg/mL in those with LVEF <50% (p < .001). Regarding eGFR, postoperative eGFR was significantly improved in the CA group of patients with LVEF ≥50% (from 71.4 to 74.7 mL/ min/1.73 m², p = .006), whereas it decreased in the non-CA group. A similar trend was observed in the group with a reduced LVEF. Adjusted for propensity score matching, there was a significant decrease in the BNP level and recovery of eGFR after CA in patients with LVEF >50%. Conclusions: This study showed that CA for frequent PVCs decreases BNP levels and increases eGFR even in patients with preserved LVEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Beta thalassemia major (β-TM) is an inherited blood disorder. Affected patients require frequent blood transfusions, leading to iron deposition and end organ damage, particularly myocardial dysfunction. A 12-lead ECG is a readily available tool that could be used to screen for conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias as a marker of worsening myocardial function. Methods: A total of 108 β-TM patients were evaluated for correlation between abnormal findings on the surface ECG and severity of myocardial iron deposition in magnetic resonance imaging as measured by T2* levels. Results: Patients with T2* below 20 msec had significantly longer PR intervals, P wave durations, and QTc intervals. Patients with T2* below 10 msec had the longest QRS duration and QRS activation times. Atrial fibrillation was more prevalent in patients with lower T2* levels. With a decrease in T2*, the probability of notching of QRS in the limb and precordial leads increased. Conclusion: Abnormal ECG is prevalent in β-TM patients, and the frequency of changes increases with the severity of iron overload. A 12-lead ECG is a valuable and readily available tool for the early assessment of myocardial damage and the implementation of a timely and appropriate management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged QT interval in electrocardiogram (ECG), which is highly associated with sudden cardiac death (malignant arrhythmia). The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of LQTS in children. Materials and Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in 18 probands with prolonged QT interval on the surface ECG. The pathogenicity of the detected variants was evaluated. Results: 44.4% (8/18) of patients were diagnosed with LQTS in the QT prolongation cohort, among which five variants in KCNQ1 and three in SCN5A were detected. Syncope was the primary manifestation. The mean QTc for variant-positive patients was 522 ± 36 ms and that for patients with negative results was 481 ± 15 ms. High probability (7/11, 63.6%) of LQTS presented among the patients with high Schwartz score (Schwartz score ≥3.5). Partial variant carrier parents had no symptoms but prolonged QTc on ECG. Besides, a case masquerading as epilepsy was reported. Conclusions: For a rapid and accurate diagnosis of LQTS, genetic testing should be combined with assessment of clinical information and ECG. Moreover, routine ECG examination is proposed in seizure patients to avoid misdiagnosis. Two novel variants in SCN5A were detected and the variant spectrum of which was expanded. Besides, we discuss incomplete penetrance and phenotypic heterogeneity of LQTS and suggest focusing on the variant carriers with no obvious symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fabry disease is characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Substrate accumulation in lysosomes is thought to trigger an inflammatory response and is responsible for progressive organ damage through the induction of autoimmunity. The levels of pteridine and kynurenine pathway metabolites increase when immune activation is observed and are employed to monitor several diseases and determine prognosis. Aims: To elucidate the effects of immune activation on the pathophysiology of Fabry disease and to investigate the potential utility of pteridine and kynurenine metabolites. Study Design: A prospective case-control study. Methods: In this study, 33 patients with Fabry disease and 33 ageand sex-matched healthy controls were included. Blood pteridine and kynurenine metabolites were studied in both groups. Organ involvement in Fabry disease and its correlation with the pteridine and kynurenine pathways were also investigated. Results: The patients' neopterin and biopterin levels and the tryptophan/ kynurenine ratio were statistically higher than those of the healthy control group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant association was found between neopterin levels and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and GFR values (p = 0.044, p = 0.021, and p = 0.030, respectively), tryptophan and corneal verticillate, hearing loss and tinnitus (p = 0.010, p = 0.009 and p = 0.046, respectively), and kynurenine levels and valvular heart disease (p = 0.020). Conclusion: From the onset of the disease, patients with Fabry disease exhibited elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation. Furthermore, inflammation and immune activation markers can be used as early disease biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A previous study on mechanical complications after central venous catheterisation demonstrated differences in complication rates between male and female operators. The objective of this subgroup analysis was to further investigate these differences. The hypothesis was that differences in distribution of predefined variables between operator genders could be identified. Methods: This was a subgroup analysis of a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study conducted between March 2019 and December 2020 including 8 586 patients ≥ 16 years receiving central venous catheters at four emergency care hospitals. The main outcome measure was major mechanical complications defined as major bleeding, severe cardiac arrhythmia, pneumothorax, arterial catheterisation, and persistent nerve injury. Independent t-test and χ2 test were used to investigate differences in distribution of major mechanical complications and predefined variables between male and female operators. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between operator gender and major mechanical complications. Results: Female operators had a lower rate of major mechanical complications than male operators (0.4% vs 0.8%, P =.02), were less experienced (P <.001), had more patients with invasive positive pressure ventilation (P <.001), more often chose the internal jugular vein (P <.001) and more frequently used ultrasound guidance (P <.001). Male operators more often chose the subclavian vein (P <.001) and inserted more catheters with bore size ≥ 9 Fr (P <.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male operator gender was associated with major mechanical complication (OR 2.67 [95% CI: 1.26–5.64]) after correction for other relevant independent variables. Conclusions: The hypothesis was confirmed as differences in distribution of predefined variables between operator genders were found. Despite being less experienced, female operators had a lower rate of major mechanical complications. Furthermore, male operator gender was independently associated with a higher risk of major mechanical complications. Future studies are needed to further investigate differences in risk behaviour between male and female operators. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03782324. Date of registration: 20/12/2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sacral ulcers are a serious mortality risk for older adults; thus, we aimed to determine sacral ulcer risk factors among older adults who were recently admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Texas Inpatient Discharge database (2021). The study included 1,290 rehabilitation hospital patients aged ≥60 years diagnosed with sacral ulcers. The control group comprised 37,626 rehabilitation hospital patients aged ≥60 years without sacral ulcers. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risks for sacral ulcer development adjusting for patient demographics, insurance type, and lifestyle. Results: Comorbidities of dementia, Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiac dysrhythmias were significantly associated with increased risk of sacral ulcers. Longer length of stay, Medicare, and Medicare HMO were also associated with sacral ulcers. Demographically, older age, male sex, identifying as African American, and having malnutrition all had a 50% increased prevalence of sacral ulcers. Conclusion: Findings indicate a need to proactively treat chronic comorbidities in vulnerable populations to reduce their possible risk for hospital-acquired infections and excess mortality from sacral ulcers. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(2), 32–41.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Opioid withdrawal is one of the most critical complications of opioid use disorder. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death by calculating electrocardiography (ECG) changes, the markers of ventricular repolarization, in opioid withdrawal. Methods: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with opioid withdrawal who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. QT, QTc, TPe/QT, and TPe/QTc ratios of patients with a Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score higher than five and a Framingham heart risk score lower than 10% were measured in 12-lead ECG. Results: A significant difference was found between the patients' heart rate, QT, QTc, and TPe/QT values during withdrawal (entry-first) and after withdrawal (second) (p<0.05). Mean QT First Value (380.69±22.46) was significantly different and higher than Mean QT Second Value (372.82±19.998); Mean QTc First Value (435.41±16.22) was significantly different and higher than Mean QTc Second Value (418.03±17.79); Mean Tpe First Value (81.62±6.009) was significantly different and higher than Mean Tpe Second Value (79.93±5.524); and The Mean Tpe/QT First Value (0.221±0.005) was significantly different and higher than the Mean Tpe/ QT Second Value (0.213±0.004) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of our study show that electrocardiographic QT, QTc, Tpe and Tpe/QTc values, which indicate the risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia, are significantly higher during opioid withdrawal. In addition to the regulation of addiction treatment during opioid withdrawal, it should be considered that individuals may be at cardiac risk, and the patient should be monitored for cardiac arrhythmia during the withdrawal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The hospital-at-home (HAH) model is a viable alternative for conventional in-hospital stays worldwide. Serum electrolyte abnormalities are common in acute patients, especially in those with many comorbidities. Pathologic changes in cardiac electrophysiology pose a potential risk during HAH stays. Periodical electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing is therefore advised, but few studies have evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of compact, self-activated ECG devices in HAH settings. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of such a device in comparison with a standard 12-lead ECG. Methods: We prospectively recruited consecutive patients admitted to the Sheba Beyond Virtual Hospital, in the HAH department, during a 3-month duration. Each patient underwent a 12-lead ECG recording using the legacy device and a consecutive recording by a compact six-lead device. Baseline patient characteristics during hospitalization were collected. The level of agreement between devices was measured by Cohen's kappa coefficient for inter-rater reliability (Ϗ). Results: Fifty patients were included in the study (median age 80 years, IQR 14). In total, 26 (52%) had electrolyte disturbances. Abnormal D-dimer values were observed in 33 (66%) patients, and 12 (24%) patients had elevated troponin values. We found a level of 94.5% raw agreement between devices with regards to nine of the options included in the automatic read-out of the legacy device. The calculated Ϗ was 0.72, classified as a substantial consensus. The rate of raw consensus regarding the ECG intervals' measurement (PR, RR, and QT) was 78.5%, and the calculated Ϗ was 0.42, corresponding to a moderate level of agreement. Conclusion: This is the first report to our knowledge regarding the feasibility of using a compact, six-lead ECG device in the setting of an HAH to be safe and bearing satisfying agreement level with a legacy, 12-lead ECG device, enabling quick, accessible arrythmia detection in this setting. Our findings bear a promise to the future development of telemedicine-based hospital-at-home methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prediction of the chamber of origin in patients with outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OTVA) remains challenging. A clinical risk score based on age, sex and presence of hypertension was associated with a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) origin. We aimed to validate this clinical score to predict an LVOT origin in patients with OTVA. Methods: In a two‐center observational cohort study, unselected patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) for OTVA were enrolled. All procedures were performed using an electroanatomical mapping system. Successful ablation was defined as a ≥80% reduction of the initial overall PVC burden after 3 months of follow‐up. Patients with unsuccessful ablation were excluded from this analysis. Results: We included 187 consecutive patients with successful CA of idiopathic OTVA. Mean age was 52 ± 15 years, 102 patients (55%) were female, and 74 (40%) suffered from hypertension. A LVOT origin was found in 64 patients (34%). A score incorporating age, sex and presence of hypertension reached 73% sensitivity and 67% specificity for a low (0–1) and high (2–3) score, to predict an LVOT origin. The combination of one ECG algorithm (V2S/V3R‐index) with the clinical score resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 70% for PVCs with R/S transition at V3. Conclusion: The published clinical score yielded a lower sensitivity and specificity in our cohort. However, for PVCs with R/S transition at V3, the combination with an existing ECG algorithm can improve the predictability of LVOT origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the electrocardiographic markers used in the risk assessment of cardiac arrhythmia in children with obesity. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 60 children aged 3-17 years with exogenous obesity and 60 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Demographic data, assessment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmia risk markers in electrocardiography, and standard echocardiography measurements were performed. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The mean ages of the study and control groups were 11.51±3.48 years and 10.74±3.72 years, respectively. Both groups had 30 males and 30 females. The study group had significantly higher average mean body mass index (BMI) compared to the control group. In electrocardiographic examinations, P-wave dispersion, QT dispersion (QTd), corrected QTd (QTcd), Tpeak-Tend (Tp-e), Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc values were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the control group. In echocardiographic examinations, the dimensions of the heart chambers and vascular structure and wall thicknesses were found to be significantly higher in those children with obesity. Conclusion: The electrocardiographic risk markers used to predict cardiac arrhythmias were found to be increased in those children with obesity. This may suggest that increased body weight and adiposity may have unfavorable effects on the cardiac conduction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To quantify the risk of arrhythmias and conduction disorders (ACD) in patients receiving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C. Design: All individuals aged 18 to 85 years old treated with DAAs between 01 January 2014 and 31 December 2021 were selected from the French national healthcare database (SNDS). Individuals with a history of ACD were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of hospitalization or medical procedure for ACD. Marginal structural models were used to adjust for age, sex, medical comorbidities, and concomitant medications. Results: After analyzing 87,589 individuals (median age, 52 years; 60% male) from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2021, 2131 hospitalizations or medical procedures for ACD were observed over 672,572 person-years (PY) of follow-up. The incidence of ACD was 245/100,000 PY [95% confidence interval (CI), 228–263/100,000 PY] before DAA and 375/100,000 PY (95% CI 355–395/100,000 PY) after DAA exposure (rate ratio 1.53; 95% CI 1.40–1.68; P < 0.001). The risk of ACD was increased after DAA exposure, compared with the pre-DAA period (adjusted hazard ratio,1.66; 95% CI 1.43–1.93; P < 0.001). The increase in ACD risk was similar among individuals treated with sofosbuvir-based and sofosbuvir-free regimens. Of the 1398 ACD detected after DAA exposure, 30% were hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation, 25% were medical procedures for ACD, and 15% were hospitalizations for atrioventricular blocks. Conclusion: A significant increase in the risk of ACD was observed in the population-level cohort of individuals treated with DAAs, regardless of the regimen. Further research is needed to identify patients at risk of ACD, determine cardiac monitoring strategies, and evaluate the need for Holter monitoring after DAA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Immunotherapy is the mainstay treatment for most solid tumours. However, its cardiotoxicity is not yet known and studied, and its uncertainty is even greater in elderly patients. For this reason, this ambispective study was conducted in 195 patients over 70 years of age who were treated with immunotherapy. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis, which was identified in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. In conclusion, immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. Introduction: Immunotherapy represents a key pillar of cancer treatments, with high response rates and long survival. Its use is increasing, mainly at the expense of the geriatric population due to the ageing of this population. However, despite its benefit, its safety in certain areas such as cardiotoxicity is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of immunotherapy in elderly patients using real-world data. Methods: This is an ambispective study of patients ≥ 70 years old with solid tumours who were treated with immunotherapy at the University Hospital of Salamanca. Cardiotoxicity was assessed using the CTCAEv5.0 criteria. Results: In total, 195 patients were included (76.9% male and 23.1% female), with a mean age of 75 years [70–93]. The percentage of patients with cardiotoxicity was 1.54%; 1.35% of patients with previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity, and 1.65% of those without previous heart disease were diagnosed with cardiotoxicity. The median time from the initiation of treatment until the cardiac event was 45 days [14–96]. The most frequent toxicity was myocarditis in 66.7% of patients, followed by arrhythmias in 33.3% of patients. Conclusions: Immunotherapy is shown to be a safe treatment in elderly cancer patients in terms of cardiotoxicity. The event rate shows no difference between patients with or without cardiac comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Automated threshold measurements (ATM) and output adaptation improved safety and follow‐up of cardiac implantable devices (CIED) in the last years. These algorithms were validated for conventional cardiac pacing; however, they were not suitable for permanent His Pacing. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is an emerging technique to obtain physiologic cardiac stimulation; we tried to assess if ATM could be applied to this setting. Methods: Consecutive patients receiving ATM‐capable CIED and LBBAP in our hospital were enrolled in this prospective, observational trial; they were evaluated 3 months after implant, comparing pacing thresholds manually assessed and obtained via ATM. Subsequent remote follow‐up was carried on when available. Results: Forty‐five patients were enrolled. ATM for LBBAP lead provided consistent results in all the patients and was therefore activated; mean value of manually obtained LBBAP capture threshold was 0.66 ± 0.19 V versus ATM of 0.64 ± 0.19 V. TOST analysis showed equivalence of the two measures (p =.66). At subsequent follow‐up (mean follow up 7.7 ± 3.2 months), ATM was effective in assessing pacing thresholds and no clinical adverse event was observed. Conclusions: ATM algorithms proved equivalent to manual testing in determining capture threshold and were reliably employed in patients receiving LBBAP CIED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study cardiovascular sequelae of post-COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe computed tomography (CT) severity score. Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, observational study was conducted on 100 post-COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe CT severity scores from January 2021 to December 2021. Fifty-nine were male [mean age (54.1±12.2) years] and 41 were female [mean age (46.9±15.1) years]. Patients with previous cardiovascular disease, previous chronic lung disease, and pre-existing primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Patients were examined, and serial electrocardiogram and 2D echocardiography were performed to detect any cardiovascular abnormality. Results: Post-COVID-19 patients had persistent symptoms, the most common being fatigue (59%). Most of these symptoms were relieved on follow-up. A rise in systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate was observed. The electrocardiographic evaluation revealed ST-T segment changes, sinus tachycardia, ventricular hypertrophy, and arrhythmias among a considerable number of patients. On echocardiography, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was most common (43%). Pulmonary hypertension, as evidenced by elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, was seen in 15% of patients. Conclusions: The present findings reveal an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications after recovery from COVID-19 infection in those without pre-existing cardiovascular or chronic lung disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Patients suffering from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) require diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in a cardiac electrophysiology (EP) laboratory. Some anesthetic medications may adversely affect cardiac EP and conduction, altering the ability to induce the arrhythmia, and may have a negative impact on the ablation treatment. This prospective, randomized, pilot study was conducted in the cardiac EP laboratory of a tertiary care hospital with the aim to identify the ideal anesthetic agent for cardiac EP study and catheter ablation of SVT. The primary objective was to compare the effects of anesthetic agents on cardiac electrophysiological parameters and arrhythmia inducibility. The secondary objective was to compare the patient, anesthesiologist, and cardiologist satisfaction scores with respect to the anesthetic agent used. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult patients with SVT for EP study and radiofrequency catheter ablation were administered either of the anesthetic agents: midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, ketamine, or sevoflurane titrated to produce conscious sedation corresponding to bispectral index (BIS) values between 71 and 90. Electrophysiological parameters were recorded before and after administering the anesthetic agent. Results: Arrhythmia could be induced in all patients. Although electrophysiological parameters remained stable with ketamine administration; higher values of the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score and BIS were recorded. Propofol and sevoflurane administration was associated with deviation in electrophysiological parameters more than fentanyl and midazolam. The highest values of patient, anesthesiologist, and cardiologist satisfaction scores were obtained in the fentanyl group and the lowest in the ketamine group (P < 0.002). Conclusion: In doses used to provide conscious sedation, fentanyl provided ideal conditions, and midazolam, propofol, sevoflurane, and ketamine provided satisfactory conditions for conducting EP study and catheter ablation for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The potential of propofol to impede cardiac conduction needs to be explored further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyperkalaemia is a known risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia and mortality in patients on haemodialysis. Despite standard adequate haemodialysis, hyperkalaemia is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at interdialytic intervals. Data on hyperkalaemia burden and its effects on dialysis patterns and serum potassium (sK) fluctuations in patients on haemodialysis in China remain limited. The prospective, observational cohort study (PRECEDE-K; NCT04799067) investigated the prevalence, recurrence, and treatment patterns of hyperkalaemia in Chinese patients with ESRD on haemodialysis. Methods: Six hundred adult patients were consecutively enrolled from 15 secondary and tertiary hospitals in China. In this interim analysis, we report the baseline characteristics of the cohort, the prevalence of predialysis hyperkalaemia (sK > 5.0 mmol/L), and the trends in serum–dialysate potassium gradient and intradialytic sK shift at Visit 1 (following a long interdialytic interval [LIDI]). Results: At baseline, most patients (85.6%) received three-times weekly dialysis; mean duration was 4.0 h. Mean urea reduction ratio was 68.0% and Kt/V was 1.45; 60.0% of patients had prior hyperkalaemia (previous 6 months). At Visit 1, mean predialysis sK was 4.83 mmol/L, and 39.6% of patients had hyperkalaemia. Most patients (97.7%) received a dialysate potassium concentration of 2.0 mmol/L. The serum–dialysate potassium gradient was greater than 3 mmol/L for over 40% of the cohort (1– < 2, 2– < 3, 3– < 4, and ≥ 4 mmol/L in 13.6%, 45.1%, 35.7%, and 5.2% of patients, respectively; mean: 2.8 mmol/L). The intradialytic sK reduction was 1– < 3 mmol/L for most patients (0– < 1, 1– < 2, 2– < 3, and ≥ 3 mmol/L in 24.2%, 62.2%, 12.8%, and 0.9% of patients, respectively; mean: 1.4 mmol/L). Conclusions: Hyperkalaemia after a LIDI was common in this real-world cohort of Chinese patients despite standard adequate haemodialysis, and led to large serum–dialysate potassium gradients and intradialytic sK shifts. Previous studies have shown hyperkalaemia and sK fluctuations are highly correlated with poor prognosis. Effective potassium-lowering treatments should be evaluated for the improvement of long-term prognosis through the control of hyperkalaemia and sK fluctuations. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04799067. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the impact of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability on arrhythmia susceptibility in people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Thirty adults with type 1 diabetes were included in a 12‐month observational exploratory study. Daytime and night‐time incident rate ratios (IRRs) of arrhythmias were determined for hypoglycaemia (interstitial glucose [IG] <3.9 mmol/L), hyperglycaemia (IG >10.0 mmol/L) and glycaemic variability (standard deviation and coefficient of variation). Results: Hypoglycaemia was not associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias compared with euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia combined (IG ≥ 3.9 mmol/L). However, during daytime, a trend of increased risk of arrhythmias was observed when comparing time spent in hypoglycaemia with euglycaemia (IRR 1.08 [95% CI: 0.99‐1.18] per 5 minutes). Furthermore, during daytime, both the occurrence and time spent in hyperglycaemia were associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias compared with euglycaemia (IRR 2.03 [95% CI: 1.21‐3.40] and IRR 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02‐1.13] per 5 minutes, respectively). Night‐time hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were not associated with the risk of arrhythmias. Increased glycaemic variability was not associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias during daytime, whereas a reduced risk was observed during night‐time. Conclusions: Acute hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia during daytime may increase the risk of arrhythmias in individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, no such associations were found during night‐time, indicating diurnal differences in arrhythmia susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report the result of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) via standard nephrostomy tract in a single training institution. The perioperative complications in relation to the comorbid state are particularly assessed. Patients and methods: A prospective interventional study between January 2019 to November 2022, included 210 patients scheduled for PCNL. The average age was 40.3 ± 11.8 years (range 18- 67 years). Patients were categorized into two groups. The first group comprised 146 cases (69 .5%) with no associated co-morbidities while the second group 64 (30.5%) had co-morbidities such as obesity in 4 cases (1.9%), hypertension (HTN) in 24 cases (11.4%) cases, diabetes mellitus (DM) in 17 (8.1%) cases, history of recurrent stone surgery in 11 (5.2%) cases and more than one in 8 cases (3.8%). Co-morbidities, stone burden, location of stone, time of surgery, stay in the hospital, further operations, and negative events were among the reported data. Complications and the stone-free rate were the main outcome indicators. Results: Intraoperative complications were reported in 40 (18.8%) patients (18 group 1 and 22 group 2) during PCNL. Bleeding occurred in 22 (10.5%) patients (9 group 1 and 13 group 2), blood transfusions were needed in 4 (1.9%) (2 group 1 and 2 group 2), extravasation was observed in 11 patients (5.2%) (6 group 1 and 5 group 2) and cardiac arrhythmia in 3 (1.4%) (1 group 1 and 2 group 2) patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 61 patients (29%) (24 group 1 and 37 group 2) in the form of fever in 10 patients (4.8 %) (3 group 1 and 7 group 2) and prolonged leakage in 50 patients (23.8%) (21 group 1 and 29 group 2). One patient of group 2 died from postoperative sepsis. Extravasation and postoperative leakage were higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics. Stonefree rate was 60.5% (127 of 210). Clinically significant residual fragments (CSRFs) found in 70 cases (33.3%) (33 group 1 and 37 group 2). In 13 cases (6.2%) (5 group 1 and 8 group 2), clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs) were found. In 8 (3 group 1 and 5 group 2) of the 13 cases, spontaneous stone passage was observed within 4-6 weeks of surgery. Residual stones in three cases (1 group 1 and 2 group 2) were asymptomatic and 4 mm or less, whereas stones increased in two cases of group 2. Among all factors studied, stone burden was significantly correlated to both intraoperative and postoperative complications. The occurrence of postoperative fever increased with large stone burden. Conclusions: PCNL is a therapeutic modality that is effective, feasible, and safe for a wide range of patients with concurrent medical issues. A steep curve is required to reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Ventricular extrasystole is one of the most common rhythm disorders in children, and almost all of them are characterized by normal cardiac functions without structural cardiac abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical course of ventricular extrasystole in children who did not have cardiac structural abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 24-hour rhythm Holter recordings performed in our clinic in children. Patients diagnosed with isolated ventricular extrasystole in Holter records and without structural heart disease on echocardiography were included in the evaluation. Results: A total of 20 160 Holter results were evaluated in the study, and 226 patients (male; 66%) met the criteria. The mean follow-up time was 8.7 ± 3.2 years. While 81.8% of the patients were asymptomatic, the most common symptom was palpitation and 5 patients had syncope. Of the patients, 72 (31.8%) received medical therapy. Beta-blockers were the most often prescribed medication. Cardiomyopathy did not develop in any of the patients during the followup period. A partial reduction in the frequency of ventricular extrasystole was observed in 42% of the patients, while complete recovery was observed in 22%. Conclusion: Ventricular extrasystole in children generally has a good prognosis; most of them are asymptomatic, and the rates of spontaneous regression over time are quite high, regardless of the origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: the aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between syncope and subsequent diagnoses of brain tumor, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), epilepsy, and anxiety disorder in a large outpatient population in Germany. Methods: This retrospective cohort study uses data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). Adults who received syncope diagnosis from one of 1284 general practices between January 2005 and December 2021 (index date) were included and matched (1:1) to individuals without syncope diagnosis using a propensity score based on age, sex, the number of consultations during the follow-up period (up to 6 months), and defined co-diagnoses documented within 12 months prior to and on the index date. Finally, associations between syncope and subsequent outcome diagnoses were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Data related to 64,016 patients with and 64,016 patients without syncope (mean age 54.5 years, 56.5% female) were available. In total, 6.43% of syncope patients and 2.14% of non-syncope patients were diagnosed with one of the five outcome diagnoses within 6 months of the index date. There was a positive and significant association between syncope and incidences of ischemic stroke/TIA (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.41–3.32), arrhythmia (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 3.44–4.18), brain tumor (OR = 4.24, 95% CI = 2.50–7.19), epilepsy (OR = 5.52, 95% CI = 4.27–7.14), and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.79–2.21). Conclusions: Syncope is significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent ischemic stroke/TIA, cardiac arrhythmia, brain tumor, epilepsy, and anxiety disorder. Nevertheless, the cumulative incidences for all five diagnoses are very low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate whether preexisting cardiac arrhythmias are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes in women with a history of open cardiac surgery. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a history of open cardiac surgery who delivered at MedStar Washington Hospital Center (Washington, DC) from January 2007 through December 2018. Women with the isolated percutaneous cardiac surgical repair were excluded. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and patients without preexisting cardiac arrhythmias. Maternal outcomes studied were intensive care unit admission, postpartum blood loss greater than 1,000 mL, congestive heart failure development, preeclampsia with severe features, postpartum readmission, postpartum cardiac events, and postpartum length of stay >5 days. Neonatal outcomes investigated were low birth weight <2,500 g, Apgar's scores <7 at 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The outcomes for 69 deliveries from 56 women with a history of open cardiac surgery were examined. Thirty-three women (48%) had arrhythmias after cardiac surgery with fourteen (20%) requiring implantable cardioverted defibrillators. Two women (6%) with preexisting arrhythmias after cardiac surgery developed postpartum volume overload requiring readmission (p = 0.06). After controlling for age, gestational age at delivery, and BMI, preeclampsia with severe features (p = 0.02) and low birth weight neonates (p = 0.02, aOR = 2.26 [0.56–9.03]) remained statistically more like to occur in patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias than in patients without preexisting arrhythmias. Conclusion Women with a history of open cardiac surgery and preexisting cardiac arrhythmias prior to pregnancy are more likely to develop preeclampsia with severe features and have low birth weight neonates compared with women with a history of open cardiac surgery without preexisting cardiac arrhythmias. Key Points Preexisting arrhythmias after cardiac surgery was associated with a risk of preeclampsia. Neonates of women with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias are more likely to be low birth weight. Forty-seven percent of women with open cardiac surgery developed subsequent arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature ventricular complex (PVC) is seen in most individuals. It has been shown that the kinetics‐tracking index or Kawasaki‐Tanaka index (KT index) strongly predicts pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) by noninvasively. KT index was defined as log10 (active LAEF/minimum LAV index). We goaled to assess PCWP non‐invasively in patients with frequent PVCs with normal left ventricular systolic functions and to evaluate whether there is an increase in PCWP before systolic and diastolic functions are impaired. Methods: About 55 patients with frequent PVCs as a patient group and 54 healthy volunteers as a control group were involved to the study. After the conventional echocardiographic examination, the vendor‐independent software system (EchoPAC version 202) was used to obtain the time‐left atrial volume (LAV) curve. total left atrial emptying function (LAEF), passive LAEF, and active LAEF were calculated to evaluate phasic left atrial (LA) function. In this study, ePCWP was calculated using the KT index, and KT index results and other echocardiographic parameters were compared between study groups. Results: LA anterior‐posterior dimension, LA maximum volume index, and LA minimum volume index were significantly larger in the patient group (all p values <.001). Total LAEF were significantly reduced in patients with frequent PVC (p <.001). Estimated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (ePCWP) by KT index was significantly higher in patients with frequent PVCs (p <.001). Conclusions: : Patients with frequent PVC had increased ePCWP as assessed by KT index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the standard method of treatment for tachyarrhythmias in school children, and it leads to complete recovery in children without structural heart disease. However, RFA in young children is limited by the risk of complications and unstudied remote effects of radiofrequency lesions. Objective: To present the experience of RFA of arrhythmias and the results of follow‐up of younger children. Materials and Methods: RFA procedures (n = 255) were performed in 209 children with arrhythmias from 0 to 7 years old. The arrhythmias were presented with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome (56%), atrial ectopic tachycardia (21.5%), atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (4.8%), and ventricular arrhythmia (17.2%). Results: The overall effectiveness of RFA, considering the repeated procedures performed due to the primary ineffectiveness and recurrencies, was 94.7%. There was no mortality associated with RFA in patients, including young patients. All cases of "major" complications are associated with RFA of the left‐sided accessory pathway and tachycardia foci and are represented by the mitral valve damage in three patients (1.4%). Tachycardia and preexcitation recurred in 44 (21%) patients. There was a correlation between recurrences and parameters of RFA (odds ratio 0.894; 95% confidence interval: 0.804–0.994; p =.039). Reducing the maximum power of effective applications in our study increased the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: The use of the minimum effective parameters of RFA in children reduces the risk of complications, but increases arrhythmia recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The aim of our study is to assess the ability of left atrial (LA) strain values to improve left ventricular and diastolic pressure (LVEDP) non-invasive estimation as compared with traditional echocardiographic indexes in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and to predict adverse in-hospital outcomes in this population. Methods and results Consecutive TTS patients were prospectively enrolled. Left ventricular and diastolic pressure was measured at the time of catheterization. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 48 h from hospital admission. In-hospital complications (acute heart failure, death from any cause, and life-threatening arrhythmias) were collected. A total of 62 patients were analysed (72.2 ± 10.1 years, female 80%) and in-hospital complications occurred in 25 (40.3%). Left ventricular and diastolic pressure mean value was 24.53 ± 7.92 mmHg. Left atrial reservoir and pump strain values presented higher correlation with LVEDP (r −0.859, P < 0.001 and r −0.848, P < 0.001, respectively) in comparison with E / e ′ ratio, left atrial volume index (LAVi), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) peak velocity. In addition, at receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, LA reservoir and pump strain resulted to be better predictors of LVEDP above the mean of our population [0.909 (95% CI 0.818–0.999, P < 0.001) and 0.889 (95% CI 0.789–0.988, P < 0.001)], respectively] as compared with E / e ′ ratio, LAVi, and TR peak velocity. Finally, LA reservoir strain resulted to be an independent predictor of worse in-hospital outcomes, together with LVEDP and left ventricular ejection fraction (all P < 0.001). Conclusion In our study, lower LA reservoir and pump strain values were better predictors of LVEDP as compared with traditional echocardiographic indexes in the acute phase of TTS syndrome. Moreover, LA reservoir strain was an independent predictor of adverse in-hospital outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial infarction (MI) share common cardiovascular risk factors, therefore coexistence of AF and MI is very common, in addition, both AF and MI aggravate and exacerbate each other through multiple pathological processes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether AF increases the risk of new-onset MI. In total 171,086 participants from an industrial city in North China were selected and enrolled in this prospective cohort study, participants were divided into the AF group or the non-AF group according to their medical history. 1542 participants from the AF group were propensity-matched with 4626 participants from the non-AF group. All the participants were followed up every 2 years from June 2006 to December 2020, the median follow-up was 14.25 years and the endpoint of this study was new-onset MI. The association between AF and new-onset MI was analysed by using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. New-onset MI was documented in 56 cases from the AF group and 98 cases from the non-AF group, respectively, the cumulative incidence of new-onset MI in the AF group (3.73%) was significantly higher than that in the non-AF group (2.23%) (p < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, AF was associated with an increased risk of new-onset MI (hazard ratio: 1.73, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–2.40), in two multivariable-adjusted analyses, AF was still associated with an increased risk of new-onset MI (hazard ratio: 1.78, 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.47). AF is an independent risk factor for new-onset MI in an industrial population of North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) slow pathway modification for catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is traditionally performed using a 4‐mm nonirrigated (NI) RF ablation catheter. Slow pathway modification using irrigated, contact‐force sensing (ICFS) RFA catheters has been described in case reports, but the outcomes have not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Acute procedural outcomes of 200 consecutive patients undergoing slow pathway modification for AVNRT were analyzed. A 3.5‐mm ICFS RFA catheter (ThermoCool SmartTouch STSF, Biosense Webster, Inc.) was utilized in 134 patients, and a 4‐mm NI RFA catheter (EZ Steer, Biosense Webster, Inc.) was utilized in 66 patients. Electroanatomic maps were retrospectively analyzed in a blinded fashion to determine the proximity of ablation lesions to the His region. Results: The baseline characteristics of patients in both groups were similar. Total RF time was significantly lower in the ICFS group compared to the NI group (5.53 ± 4.6 vs. 6.24 ± 4.9 min, p = 0.03). Median procedure time was similar in both groups (ICFS, 108.0 (87.5–131.5) min vs. NI, 100.0 (85.0–125.0) min; p = 0.2). Ablation was required in closer proximity to the His region in the NI group compared to the ICFS group (14.4 ± 5.9 vs. 16.7 ± 6.4 mm, respectively, p = 0.01). AVNRT was rendered noninducible in all patients, and there was no arrhythmia recurrence during follow‐up in both groups. Catheter ablation was complicated by AV block in one patient in the NI group. Conclusion: Slow pathway modification for catheter ablation of AVNRT using an ICFS RFA catheter is feasible, safe, and may facilitate shorter duration ablation while avoiding ablation in close proximity to the His region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health status is increasingly recognized as an important patient‐centered outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Yet drivers of decline in health status after AMI remain largely unknown in older adults. We sought to develop and validate a predictive risk model for health status decline among older adult survivors of AMI. Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort study conducted from 2013 to 2017 of 3041 patients age ≥75 years hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction at 94 U.S. hospitals, we examined a broad array of demographic, clinical, functional, and psychosocial variables for their association with health status decline, defined as a decrease of ≥5 points in the Short Form‐12 (SF‐12) physical component score from hospitalization to 6 months post‐discharge. Model selection was performed in logistic regression models of 20 imputed datasets to yield a parsimonious risk prediction model. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated using c‐statistics and calibration plots, respectively. Results: Of the 2571 participants included in the main analyses, 30% of patients experienced health status decline from hospitalization to 6 months post‐discharge. The risk model contained 14 factors, 10 associated with higher risk of health status decline (age, pre‐existing AMI, pre‐existing cancer, pre‐existing COPD, pre‐existing diabetes, history of falls, presenting Killip class, acute kidney injury, baseline health status, and mobility impairment) and four associated with lower risk of health status decline (male sex, higher hemoglobin, receipt of revascularization, and arrhythmia during hospitalization). The model displayed good discrimination (c‐statistic = 0.74 in validation cohort) and calibration (p > 0.05) in both development and validation cohorts. Conclusions: We used split sampling to develop and validate a risk model for health status decline in older adults after hospitalization for AMI and identified several risk factors that may be modifiable to mitigate the threat of this important patient‐centered outcome. External validation of this risk model is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Palpitations are common and have a negative impact on women's quality of life. While evidence suggests that inflammatory mechanisms may play a role in the development of palpitations, no studies have evaluated for this association in patients with breast cancer who report palpitations prior to surgery. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate for associations between the occurrence of palpitations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes for pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, their receptors, and transcriptional regulators. Methods: Patients were recruited prior to surgery and completed a self-report questionnaire on the occurrence of palpitations. Genotyping of SNPs in cytokine genes was performed using a custom array. Multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify associations between the occurrence of palpitations and SNPs in fifteen candidate genes. Results: Of the 82 SNPs evaluated in the bivariate analyses, eleven SNPs in 6 genes were associated with the occurrence of palpitations. After controlling for functional status, the occurrence of back pain, and self-reported and genomic estimates of race/ethnicity, 3 SNPs in 3 different genes (i.e., interleukin (IL) 1-beta (IL1B) rs1143643, IL10 rs3024505, IL13 rs1295686) were associated with the occurrence of palpitations prior to surgery (all p = .038). Conclusions: While these preliminary findings warrant replication, they suggest that inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to the subjective sensation of palpitations in women prior to breast cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electrophysiological study can help in the diagnosis of arrhythmic syncope. According to the electrophysiological study finding, the prognosis of patients with syncope is still a matter of study. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the survival of patients undergoing electrophysiological study according to their findings and to identify clinical and electrophysiological independent predictors of all‐cause mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study included patients with syncope who underwent electrophysiological study from 2009 to 2018. A Cox logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for all‐cause mortality. Results: We included 383 patients in our study. During a mean follow‐up of 59 months, 84 (21.9%) patients died. The split His group had the worst survival compared with the control group, followed by sustained ventricular tachycardia and HV interval ≥ 70 ms, respectively (p =.001; p <.001; p =.03). The supraventricular tachycardia group showed no differences compared with the control group (p =.87). In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of all‐cause mortality were Age (OR 1.06; 1.03–1.07; p <.001); congestive heart failure (OR 1.82; 1.05–3.15; p =.033); split His (OR 3.7; 1.27–10.80; p =.016); and sustained ventricular tachycardia (OR 1.84; 1.02–3.32; p =.04). Conclusion: Split His, sustained ventricular tachycardia, and HV interval ≥ 70 ms groups had worse survivals when compared to the control group. Age, congestive heart failure, split His, and sustained ventricular tachycardia were independent predictors for all‐cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We assessed the association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) initiation and risk of arrhythmia among patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or with incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: All patients with incident RA or SLE and no arrhythmic events, not receiving antiarrhythmic medications, and not receiving HCQ prior to the index date of disease in British Columbia, Canada, between January 1996 and December 2014 were identified from administrative databases. We identified patients who were dispensed HCQ prescriptions (HCQ initiators) or were not dispensed HCQ prescriptions (HCQ noninitiators) during each study year; groups were matched 1:1 by propensity scores using baseline confounders on demographics, comorbidities, medications, and health care utilization. Outcomes were any new arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, abnormal electrocardiograms, including long QT syndrome and conduction disorder, and other unspecified arrhythmias during follow‐up. We used cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards models with death as a competing event to assess the association between HCQ initiation and the outcomes. Results: We identified 11,518 propensity score–matched patients with RA or SLE in each group. Over the mean follow‐up of 8 years, there were 1,610 and 1,646 incident arrhythmias in the HCQ initiator group and the noninitiator group, respectively, with crude incidence rates of arrhythmia of 17.5 and 18.1 in 1,000 persons per year, respectively. The adjusted cause‐specific hazard ratio (cHR) for patients who received HCQ was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.89–1.03) compared with HCQ noninitiators, and the cHRs for patients who took HCQ and had arrhythmia subtypes of atrial fibrillation, abnormal electrocardiograms, and other unspecified arrhythmias were 0.93 (95% CI 0.83–1.04), 0.98 (95% CI 0.87–1.11), and 0.95 (95% CI 0.84–1.07), respectively. Conclusion: Risk of any type of arrhythmia was not increased among new users of HCQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in atrial fibrillation (AF) with reported links between worse sleep quality and higher AF severity. Little research has examined whether sleep quality changes after AF ablation despite it being a routinely performed procedure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reported sleep quality before and after AF ablation and to examine whether sleep quality differs by AF severity or sex. Methods: This longitudinal pilot study assessed sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at preablation and at 1, 3, and 6 months after ablation. Atrial fibrillation disease severity was assessed by the Canadian Cardiology Society Severity of AF scale. Outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman ρ correlations, and multilevel longitudinal models. Results: The sample (N = 20) was 55% female with a mean age of 65 (±7) years. Poor sleep quality (mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores > 5) was evident at all time points. Improvement was noted at 3 months (moderate effect size d = 0.49); and negligible further improvement, from 3 to 6 months post ablation. Improvement was seen primarily in male subjects (large effect size d = 0.89 at 3 months), with smaller improvements for female subjects. Although Severity of AF scale scores were not correlated with sleep quality, Severity of AF scale severity scores did significantly improve over time. Conclusions: Patients with AF have poor sleep quality that improves for the first 3 months after AF ablation, with men showing more improvement than women. A more accurate understanding of the sleep challenges after AF ablation could lead to development of more realistic patient education and improve patient self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance (LGE‐MRI) imaging is increasingly used in management of atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients. Here, we assess the usefulness of LGE‐MRI‐based fibrosis quantification to predict arrhythmia recurrence in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation. Our secondary goal was to compare two widely used fibrosis quantification methods. Methods: In 102 AF patients undergoing LGE‐MRI and cryoballoon ablation (mean age 62 years; 64% male; 59% paroxysmal AFib), atrial fibrosis was quantified using the pixel intensity histogram (PIH) and image intensity ratio (IIR) methods. PIH segmentations were completed by a third‐party provider as part of the standard of care at our hospital; Image intensity ratio (IIR) segmentations of the same scans were carried out in our lab using a commercially available software package. Fibrosis burdens and spatial distributions for the two methods were compared. Patients were followed prospectively for recurrent arrhythmia following ablation. Results: Average PIH fibrosis was 15.6 ± 5.8% of the left atrial (LA) volume. Depending on threshold (IIRthr), the average IIR fibrosis (% of LA wall surface area) ranged from 5.0 ± 7.2% (IIRthr = 1.2) to 37.4 ± 10.9% (IIRthr = 0.97). An IIRthr of 1.03 demonstrated the greatest agreement between the methods, but spatial overlap of fibrotic areas delineated by the two methods was modest (Sorenson Dice coefficient: 0.49). Fourty‐two patients (41.2%) had recurrent arrhythmia. PIH fibrosis successfully predicted recurrence (HR 1.07; p =.02) over a follow‐up period of 362 ± 149 days; regardless of IIRthr, IIR fibrosis did not predict recurrence. Conclusions: PIH‐based volumetric assessment of atrial fibrosis was modestly predictive of arrhythmia recurrence following cryoballoon ablation in this cohort. IIR‐based fibrosis was not predictive of recurrence for any of the IIRthr values tested, and the overlap in designated areas of fibrosis between the PIH and IIR methods was modest. Caution must therefore be exercised when interpreting LA fibrosis from LGE‐MRI, since the values and spatial pattern are methodology‐dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Use of a novel magnetic sensor enabled optical contact force ablation catheter has been established to be safe and effective for treatment of symptomatic drug‐refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) but has yet to be demonstrated in the persistent AF (PersAF) population. Methods: PERSIST‐END was a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, investigational study designed to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of TactiCath™ Ablation Catheter, Sensor Enabled™(SE) (TactiCath SE) for use in the treatment of subjects with documented PersAF refractory or intolerant to at least one Class I/III AAD. The ablation strategy included pulmonary vein isolation and additional targets at physician discretion. Follow‐up through 15‐months, including a 3‐month blanking period and 3‐month therapy consolidation period, was performed with cardiac event and Holter monitoring. Primary safety, primary effectiveness, clinical success, and quality of life (QOL) endpoints were analyzed. Results: Of 224 subjects enrolled at 21 investigational sites in the United States and Australia, 223 underwent ablation with the investigational catheter. The primary safety event rate was 3.1% (seven events in seven subjects). The Kaplan–Meier estimate of freedom from AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia recurrence at 15‐months was 61.6% and clinical success at 15 months was 89.8%. Subject QOL significantly improved following ablation as assessed via AFEQT (31.6 point increase, p <.0001) and EQ‐5D‐5L (10.7 point increase, p <.0001) and was met with a 53% reduction in all cause cardiovascular healthcare utilization. Conclusion: The sensor‐enabled force‐sensing catheter is safe and effective for the treatment of drug refractory recurrent symptomatic PersAF, reducing arrhythmia recurrence while improving QOL and healthcare utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several studies suggest that females have higher perioperative adverse events and decreased benefit from carotid artery revascularization with transfemoral carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) compared to males. However, there are limited data of sex-based outcomes for transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively maintained system-wide TCAR databases was performed between December 2015-January 2022. Patients who underwent TCAR were stratified based on sex. Relevant demographics, medical conditions, anatomical characteristics, intra- and postoperative courses, and adverse events were captured. Results: 729 patients underwent TCAR, 486 (66.6%) male and 243 (33.3%) female. Males were more likely to be diagnosed with coronary artery disease (56.9% vs 47.7%, P<.01) and were active smokers (30.4% vs 21.4%, P <.01). Age, symptomatic status, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction <30%, end-stage renal disease and Charlson Comorbidity Index were similar. In the perioperative period, there was no significant difference in reintervention rates (1.6% vs 1.2%, P =.75), cranial nerve palsy (.6% vs.4%, P >.99), ipsilateral stroke (1.9% vs 3.3%, P =.29), stent thrombosis (.4% vs.8%, P >.99), myocardial infarction (0% vs 0%, P >.99) and death (1.2% vs 1.2%, P >.99). In follow-up, no significant difference was found in reintervention, ipsilateral stroke, contralateral stroke, myocardial infarction, in-stent restenosis >50%, stent thrombosis, and death. Conclusions: Males and females did not have a statistically significant difference in outcomes when comparing ipsilateral stroke, in-stent thrombosis, conversion to CEA, and death after TCAR. However, our cohort comprised predominantly male patients and may conceal statistical significance as the females in our cohort did have a higher tendency toward developing complications. Future studies with a larger female cohort should be conducted to determine whether there is a true disparity of outcomes between the males and females undergoing TCAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and premature ventricular complexes (PVC) are common arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate AF prevalence in patients with PVC and its impact on PVC ablation outcomes. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing PVC ablation at a single institution between 2016 and 2019 were included and prospectively followed for 2 years. Patients with severe valvular heart disease, hyperthyroidism, malignancy, alcohol use disorder and advanced renal/hepatic diseases were excluded. Twelve‐lead electrocardiograms were used to diagnose AF and assess PVC morphology. All PVCs were targeted for ablation using 4‐mm irrigated‐tip catheters at standardized radiofrequency power guided by 3‐D mapping and intracardiac echocardiography. Patients were followed with remote monitoring, device interrogations and office visits every 6 months for 2 years. Detection of any PVCs in follow‐up was considered as recurrence. Results: A total of 394 patients underwent PVC ablation and 96 (24%) had concurrent AF. Patients with PVC and AF were significantly older (68.2 ± 10.8 vs. 58.3 ± 15.8 years, p <.001), had lower LV ejection fraction (43.3 ± 13.3% vs. 49.6 ± 12.4%, p <.001), higher CHA2DS2‐VASc (2.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.3, p <.001) than those without. PVCs with ≥2 morphologies were detected in 60.4% and 13.7% patients with vs without AF (p <.001). At 2‐year follow‐up, PVC recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with vs without AF (17.7% vs. 9.4%, p =.02). Conclusion: AF was documented in 1/4 of patients undergoing PVC ablation and was associated with lower procedural success at long‐term follow‐up. This was likely attributed to older age, worse LV function and higher prevalence of multiple PVC morphologies in patients with concurrent AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]