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In a transdisciplinary project with the Municipality of Trelew (Argentina), we assessed barriers to households disposing of separated waste, developed supportive behavioral interventions, tested the interventions in a randomized controlled trial, and supported the Municipality in upscaling the most successful and cost-effective intervention to a total of 20,000 households. The interventions were designed to address the three main barriers to waste separation detected through a baseline study: a lack of knowledge on how separation works; the additional hassle it represents; and the self-regulation challenge it poses. The interventions consisted of envelopes containing simplifying information, empathetic messages, a magnetic calendar acting as a reminder, or a combination thereof. The interventions roughly halved the prevalence of bags containing unusable mixed waste two weeks after the intervention. This impact was still present after six months. We did not find evidence for an additional effect of empathetic messages or the reminder. Based on these results, the simplified information intervention was rolled out. The results provide evidence of the high potential of using the full range of behavioral methods to increase sustainable behaviors, particularly in the context of limited options to adapt the waste management system as such.

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a superconducting magnet tokamak, and one mission is to demonstrate a full cycle of self-sustaining tritium. In this study, in order to validate the electromagnetic (EM) load distribution on the helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) blanket, a three-dimensional model of the CFETR sector was developed in the finite element software ANSYS. The system was analyzed considering a plasma major disruption scenario with an exponent current quench of 36 ms. The EM forces and the moment distribution on the blanket module as well as on the segment were calculated. Then, the EM loads were used as the input for the structural analysis of the HCCB blanket. Moreover, the results were compared to those of linear analyses to underline the effect of the non-linearity of the ferromagnetic materials on the EM load distribution of the HCCB blanket. These results indicated that the maximum equivalent stress and displacement satisfied the requirements of structural safety design. With respect to the design and optimization of CFETR, this investigation will provide technical reference and data support for the future design and optimization of the HCCB blanket.

radar task scheduling method, dual-side scheduling (DSS), is proposed in this paper. In this method, the radar tasks are firstly received as an original sequence, then the time window for the task execution is separated into two sides. All the tasks at each side are shifting toward a separator, connected each other head-to-tail without dwell overlaps. The separator is placed at one of pre-set locations, and the random shifted start time (RSST) technique is applied in order to finalize the scheduling: the start time of each task is randomly shifted in its schedulable interval, then the DSS is respectively conducted at each separator. The RSST process is repeated many times, and the resulting schedule with the minimal cost among all attempts is the final solution. Over a broad range of task loading rate, the proposed method shows 1.5 to 6.2 times less costly than the earliest start time (EST), which is a widely used one-side scheduling method. A full cycle of DSS takes a few tens of milliseconds, short enough for real radar applications.

Conventional protection scheme of power transformer maloperation during abnormalities such as inrush condition, current transformer (CT) saturation during external fault and high resistance internal fault conditions. This article presents inrush detection based on an average angle of 2nd order derivative of differential current. The magnitude and phase angle of primary and secondary currents are estimated using a Modified Full Cycle Discrete Fourier Transform (MFCDFT) algorithm. Normally, during an internal fault, the differential current is well above the restraining current; however, the same condition arises during external fault with heavy CT saturation. Hence, a phase angle comparison based scheme is combined with percentage biased differential protection. During an internal fault, the phase angle difference of primary and secondary current is 90° for any external fault conditions. In the proposed scheme, 315 MVA, 400/220 kV transformer is considered for validation o...

JSC Almaz-Antey in the implementation of the integrated design of complex electronic systems, particularly radar systems, it is required to solve the problem of choosing and optimizing the design parameters of radar devices, including antenna systems, transmitter-receiver paths of radar systems (radar), algorithms and devices for digital generation and processing of radar signals, and radar systems in General. Currently there is no domestic computer-aided design systems that solve these tasks in the complex. Therefore, to solve such problems, the Concern’s enterprises are used by a number of disparate software solutions with their own development and their foreign counterparts. Due to the restrictions caused by the sanctions, the closed scope of the work, as well as in import substitution, highly relevant is the creation of CAD radar, allowing to solve the above problems in a continuous end-to-end loop design. The development of CAD radar conducted by the JSC Almaz-Antey, its subsidiaries and companies with expertise in the design of the radar, using their existing backlog. The paper shows the General architecture of a domestic computer aided design in full cycle end-to-end radar systems (facilities, stations); the concept of five levels of design in the system being developed and the basic requirements for the implementation of this concept. The specificity of the developed computer-aided design system is most pronounced in activity-based scenarios for the use of the designed product in terms of specific air and space attack and defense, and is implemented in the form of functional simulation of the fighting.

An original waveguide design has been proposed that makes it possible to carry out acousticemission inspection, diagnostics, and monitoring of industrial objects operating at temperatures above 85°С. The waveguide ensures higher heat-dissipation characteristics, with minimum acoustic losses, than the known clamped-type waveguides. Its application involves no changes to the test object and requires no special permissions from supervising authorities. The underlying physical operating principles, specific features of embodiment, application possibilities, and results of the full cycle of research into how waveguide design features influence heat-dissipation and acoustic characteristics are described. The use of such waveguides widens the application field for the acoustic-emission method as an express technique for evaluating the technical condition of high-temperature objects both during operation and before decommissioning them for technical diagnostics with the aim to identify active (hazardous) areas and include them into the program of testing with other nondestructive methods.

Two-phase expansion devices are a practicable solution for improving the energy efficiency of heat pumps. The study of the fluid behavior in such machines has not yet been investigated in detail. In the present study, a radial piston expander was used in a heat pump operating with R134a in place of the throttling valve. Special attention was paid to investigate both numerically and experimentally the behavior of the fluid inside a cylinder within a full cycle of the engine, at different inlet thermodynamic conditions and rotational speeds. The measured indicated cycles were compared with those predicted by a quasi-steady model and a rather large difference between them was noticed. Therefore, a non-isentropic model to predict the in-cylinder pressure trend during the expansion phase at closed valves, developed on the basis of a model proposed for water at atmospheric conditions, was applied. The results achieved with the improved non isentropic model showed a significantly higher accuracy in predicting the experimental results along the expansion phase at closed valves, thus filling the gap registered with the full isentropic models, which lack in this part of the cycle.

The nuclear power plant is highly knowledge-intensive facility. With the rapid advent and development of modern information and communication technology, knowledge management in nuclear industry has been provided with new approaches and possibilities. This paper introduces a full cycle nuclear power plant knowledge management framework based on digital system and tries to find solutions to knowledge creation, sharing, transfer, application and further innovation in nuclear industry. This framework utilizes information and digital technology to build top-tier object driven work environment, automatic design and analysis integration platform, digital dynamic performance Verification & Validation (V&V) platform, collaborative manufacture procedure, digital construction platform, online monitoring and configuration management which benefit knowledge management in NPP full life cycle. The suggested framework will strengthen the design basis of the nuclear power plants (NPPs) and will ensure the safety of the NPP design throughout the whole lifetime of the plant.

With 193nm optical lithography being extended to 12nm design rules and beyond, quality and performance requirements for photomasks are becoming increasingly challenged to support the increased pattern complexity. Additionally, interactions between mask, the lithography process, and OPC (Optical Proximity Correction) are becoming a more critical tool in tolerance reduction. One of the tools being used to reduce this variation is Mask Process Correction (MPC). Model-based Mask Process Correction (MB-MPC) is one of the key tools used to improve photomask Critical Dimension (CD) uniformity and provide high fidelity, and increase patterning stability of resolution limited features, such as assist features (SRAFs) at today’s leading-edge nodes. Since 2017, participants in the eBeam Initiative Mask Maker Survey have reported that MPC is considered a requirement for 16nm and below. Reduction of systematic photomask CD errors with MPC enables improvement of the accuracy of Optical Proximity Correction models by reducing mismatch between actual and modelled masks. While model-based MPC has been demonstrated to reduce mask fidelity and dimensional errors to sub 1nm on mask, one of the downsides is that it is a slow and resource intensive solution. An advanced model based MPC requires massive numbers of CPUs and their associated EDA licenses. In this paper, we will teach a technique for mitigation by use of a Rule-Based MPC (RB-MPC) solution with MB-MPC accuracy to reduce Mask Data Prep (MDP) runtime with no loss in patterning quality. We report on a full cycle of model to rule-based MPC simplification approaches and verification. We will describe the process by which we have been able to migrate a model-based MPC (MB-MPC) solution to a more cost effective, and equally accurate Rule-based MPC (RB-MPC) solution. This will included the methodology for derivation, implementation, and verification of the modified RB-MPC, which is based on both mask, and wafer performance metrics, and characterization of limitations of this process, as the challenges in converting to a RB-MPC from a MBMPC solution by application, including technology, mask process, target layer, and wafer-performance metrics.

A machine learning radar scheduling method is proposed based on the earliest start time (EST) algorithm. In this method, the EST algorithm is used to find an initial schedule, and a reinforcement learning approach is conducted to reduce the cost of the initial schedule. In search for a better starting point, the start time of all the tasks are randomly shifted within their allowed time ranges, the shifted tasks are scheduled with the EST again. Then the gradient descent algorithm is applied to further shift the tasks' start times, in order to find an enhanced solution. The procedure is repeated several times. The schedule with the minimal cost is the final solution. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated numerically, showing 1.3 to 10.5 times less cost than the EST, depending on the scenario. In addition, a full cycle of scheduling takes a few tens of milliseconds thus the method could be considered in real radar systems.

Multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination system always faces the inevitable fouling problem, which leads to a decrease in fresh water production and restricts its long-term efficient operation. This study focuses on improving the system's operation benefits in the full cycle. Firstly, an asymptotic model for fouling accumulation is added to a MED-TVC model, which takes into account the influence of operating conditions on the fouling rate. Subsequently, the impact of fouling accumulation on the operating state of the system is analyzed in the whole cycle, indicating the decrease of operating benefits. Finally, the full cycle operation optimization method is applied for the purpose of reducing motive steam consumption as well as meeting fresh water demand using control vector parameterization strategy. The result shows a significant reduction in motive steam consumption while maintaining fresh water production capacity, which confirms that full cycle optimization has a considerable effect on dealing with fouling problem in MED desalination systems.

In this paper, we have shown the design andworking of a general purpose input output (GPIO) pin with multiple IO voltage levels. GPIO pin is a generic pin which can be used as input or output. This GPIO pin supports different voltage levels of IO devices. Its behaviour is controlled by the user by changing programmable control bit. Cadence Virtuoso design suite is used to design and simulate this GPIO pin. Next, layout is designed on Virtuoso layout editor. Layout is verified using Mentor Graphics Calibre tool. Post layout simulation is done on Synopsys Hspice tool. Thus, a full cycle of ASIC design has been implemented. This design uses 3.3 V transistors in 180 nm technology. The proposed GPIO pin can work up to 20MHz frequency.

An absolute phase synchronization method based on phase-conjugation scheme is demonstrated. A repeatable phase difference regardless of restart operation and fiber route changing between the phase standard at local site and the recovered signal at the intermediate-access node is achieved. This indicates that absolute phase synchronization to arbitrary nodes along the fiber link is feasible. At the intermediate-access node, this phase difference is highly stable with a fluctuation of ±0.014 rad over 10000s. And this phase difference shows consistency within 2% of the full cycle under different situations such as restart operation and fiber route changing.

SUMMARY Multilevel converters have been widely used in medium-voltage high-power applications. One of the typical breeds of multicell converters is stacked multicell converter (SMC). This paper presents an improved configuration for SMCs, accompanied by its analysis, modeling, and implementation. The main advantages of the proposed converter, in comparison with the conventional one, are that the numbers of required dc voltage sources are halved in the improved topology and also the voltage rating of half of the power switches are decreased by 50% which results in reducing the cost, size, and weight of the SMCs effectively. This progress is achieved by connecting the upper stacks to the lower stacks back to back while the number of high-frequency power switches and flying capacitors (FCs), voltage ratings of FCs, as well as the number of high-frequency switchings during a full cycle are kept constant. The control methodology is based on the phase-shifted carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique; therefore, the well-known natural balancing phenomenon of FC voltages, one of the critical advantages of SMCs, is maintained in the proposed converter. This paper also presents an analytic model to study and analyze the dynamic of FC voltages in the proposed SMC. Numerical analysis results of the derived analytic model, simulation results, and, moreover, measurements taken from the laboratory prototypes are presented in order to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed configuration as well as its control strategy and analytic model. In addition, the comparison of the proposed converter with other types of multilevel converters is carried out to highlight the advantages of the proposed structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The health monitoring and management applied for modern industrial machinery is a trend in intelligent industrial production. In this context, a novel health monitoring method based on a two-class model and nonlinear manifold learning is proposed to assess bearing performance degradation timely and reliably. This method does not need much historical operation information and can enhance the practicability in real industrial application. The two-class model is constructed by involving healthy data and monitored data together. The manifold learning is then implemented to extract the sensitive features for good class separable measure. According to within-class and between-class scatter measure, a discriminant factor is introduced to assess the distribution of the monitoring data as compared to the healthy data, which can reflect the bearing performance degradation. In the experiments for monitoring bearings in full cycle life, the proposed health indicator has provided a much more accurate degradation path and rather monotonic profile as compared to other classical indicators. Results indicate the potential of the proposed two-class model as an effective method for bearing health monitoring.

A novel phasor estimation algorithm is proposed, by means of an innovative modification of the traditional full cycle discrete Fourier transformer (FCDFT) algorithm. The main idea is to combine the FCDFT outputs for even and odd sample-setsobtained for one cycle data window decimated by two and by four. Its performance was compared with the ones of other full cycle algorithms reported in the late literature on the subject. The obtained results reveal the proposed algorithm leads to the best performance, even considering both the decaying DC component of the fault current and the one caused by the current transformer secondary circuit.

New reactor physics and computation methods have been developed in the three-dimensional pressurized water reactor (PWR) core dynamics SIMTRAN code for on-line surveillance and prediction. The accuracy of the coupled neutronic thermal-hydraulic solution is improved, and its scope is extended to provide, mainly, the calculation of the fission reaction rates at the in-core mini detectors, the responses at the ex-core detectors, and the in-vessel coolant flow and temperature distributions. The functional capabilities implemented in the on-line SIMTRAN code include on-line surveillance, in-core-ex-core calibration, evaluation of peak power factors and thermal margins, nominal cycle follow, prediction of maneuvers, and diagnosis of fast transients and oscillations. The new code has been operating on-line at the Vandellos-II PWR unit in Spain since the startup of its cycle 7 in mid-June 1994, including the machine-man interfaces for on-line acquisition of measured data and interactive graphical utilization. The agreement of the simulations with the measurements, along the full cycle 7 and the first months of cycle 8 operation, is well within the accuracy requirements. The performance and usefulness for operational support shown during the demo and routine use phases have proved that the on-line SIMTRAN code has the qualities for the accurate, reliable, comprehensive, andmore » user-friendly on-line core surveillance and prediction.« less

Original matrix formulas obtained by differentiation of the system matrix in respect to movements of components are derived. Components kinematics for the three zoom systems realized by means of interactive graphical software is presented. An optical system may be structurally designed by successive steps and its parameters determined to fulfil requirements, such as optical conjugation, focal lengths or magnifications. Improved software developed in this work serves both determination of optical powers and separations and movements of components. Developed methodology covers different types of fixed and zoom systems, the latter type with electronic or optical compensation. One may consider any optical system, such as the reproduction lens, objective lens or telescope system, because matrix optics distinguishes them remarkably easy. Kinematics pertaining to a full tract of the zoom system is determined at a discrete number of positions. Movements of so-called basic variable components are determined in a full cycle of work by means of iterative methods while movements of supplementary components may be inserted by means of exponential-parabolic functions also including their linear form. Any component of the zoom system may act as a variable, supplementary or fixed component, but it is mainly dependent on the structural design. Parameters of characteristics are computed as elements of a certain matrix. Designing is that to set these elements on required values by means of system parameters or movements of components. In this way, one may create complex multi-group systems with characteristics and movements which we accept. Properties of these systems are presented by numerical and graphical forms. Advantages of these systems are their more compact construction, more smooth kinematics, and better possibilities of optimization, what is particularly valuable for zoom systems with a high zooming ratio.

This paper discusses the application of MFNN for the protection of turbogenerator against internal faults in any winding of the stator. The network has been used as pattern classifier for detection, identification and classification of the internal faults. The full cycle data of simulated fault currents in the phases and their parallel paths have been used for training and testing of proposed neural networks. The synchronous generator model based on direct phase quantities and modified winding function approach has been used to simulate different types of internal and external faults using electrical parameters of generators being used by utilities. All possible cases of internal faults in the stator winding have been considered and networks have been trained and tested accordingly. The test results of the selected architecture of the networks for different protection schemes indicate that the fault signal can be correctly identified and classified by the proposed networks.

Multicell converters are a very interesting alternative for medium voltage and high power applications. The two most significant types of multicell converters based on flying capacitors are flying capacitor multicell and its derivative stacked multicell converters. This paper presents a new configuration of stacked multicell converter. The main advantage of the proposed converter, in comparison with conventional stacked multicell converter, is that the number of required dc voltage sources is reduced from two to one. This progress is achieved by connecting the upper stack to lower stack while the number of high frequency switches and capacitors, voltage ratings of capacitors and switches and the number of high frequency switchings during a full cycle are kept constant. This converter is controlled by a phase shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation; so, the self balancing property of the stacked multicell converter is maintained in the proposed converter. The circuit is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC software and simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed configuration as well as its control strategy. (6 pages)

Digital substations based on IEC61850 standard have been equipped with digital equipments, have owned uniform data model and communication platform, and have realized the intelligent devices' inter-operation. Meanwhile, Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) with real-time monitoring the power system dynamic process forms a platform for on-line security and stability analysis of the whole power grid. Because current (voltage) transformers in power grid are different in type and sampling rates, it is necessary to convert them to the same rate. In this paper, sampling rate conversion in a rational factor is realized through cascade connection of extraction, interpolation and low-pass filter. A digital narrow band-pass filter algorithm based on full cycle Fourier algorithm is proposed. This algorithm can not only obtain the useful frequency component fast and effectively, but also realize the normalization of signals' sampling rate without distortion.

A self-balanced quadruped walking machine with leg mechanisms of 10-bar linkage is designed by a systematic approach. At first, an existing leg mechanism of 10-bar linkage is selected as the tentative design, and the dimensional synthesis is performed to obtain the desired foot trajectory by the optimization technique of ALM. Next, the speed ratio between the crank speed during the support phase and that during the transfer phase is decided by a two-speed control method to achieve a sufficient time period of support phase. Then, in order to make sure that there are always at least three legs on the ground for the wave gait to enhance the stability of locomotion, the foot point of each leg at a specific time is placed on the specific position upon the foot trajectory. The force analysis and computer simulation are carried out to evaluate the requirements for driving and to recognize the characteristics of the designed walking machine. And, the force transmission during the full cycle is realized and the specification of the driving motor is decided. Finally, a prototype of the designed quadruped walking machine is constructed and it is proven that this design is practical and feasible.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

The primary motivation in insulation diagnostic study is to understand the exact state of insulation. Traditional methods using insulation resistance measurements, polarization index measurements and capacitance, tan delta measurements serve as good quality assurance criterion of acceptable values. However, for obtaining a more clear and focussed information on insulation health, newer testing and analytical techniques have to be adapted. This paper discusses two such methodologies. Recovery voltage measurement (RVM) is a technique based on measurement of increase of voltage across the transformer insulation after a charge-discharge cycle. This method yields key insulation parameters like moisture content and temperature withstand capability. A full cycle of recovery voltage measurement often requires a large amount of time. The DC absorption test aims at finding similar information as in the case of RVM with simple instrumentation and in a lesser amount of time. This paper describes the technique of RVM and later explores the possibility of using the DC absorption test for determination of health of transformer insulation. Experimental results to support the contention have also been included.

The ESA mission BepiColombo will include a Mercury Planetary Orbiter equipped with a full complement of instruments to perform Radio Science Experiments. Very precise range and range-rate tracking from Earth, on-board accelerometry, altimetry and accurate angular measurements with optical instruments will provide large data sets. From these it will be possible to study (1) the global gravity field of Mercury and its temporal variations due to tides, (2) the medium to short scale (down do 300≃400 km ) gravity anomalies, (3) the rotation state of the planet, in particular the obliquity and the libration with respect to the 3/2 spin orbit resonance and (4) the orbit of the center of mass of the planet. With the global gravity field and the rotation state it is possible to tightly constrain the internal structure of the planet, in particular to determine whether the solid surface of the planet is decoupled from the inner core by some liquid layer, as postulated by dynamo theories of Mercury's magnetic field. With the gravity anomalies and altimetry it is possible to study the geophysics of the planet's crust, mantle and impact basins. With the orbit of the planet closest to the Sun it is possible to constrain relativistic theories of gravitation. The possibility of achieving these scientific goals has been tested with a full cycle numerical simulation of the Radio Science Experiments. It includes the generation of simulated tracking and accelerometer data, and the determination, by least squares fit, of a long list of variables including the initial conditions for each observed arc, calibration parameters, gravity field harmonic coefficients, and corrections to the orbit of Mercury. An error budget has been deduced both from the formal covariance matrices and from the actual difference between the nominal values used in the data simulation and the solution. Thus the most complete error budget contains the effect of systematic measurement errors and is by far more reliable than a formal one. For the rotation experiment an error budget has been computed on the basis of dedicated studies on each separate error source. The results of the full cycle simulation are positive, that is the experiments are feasible at the required level of accuracy. However, the extraction of the full accuracy results from the data will be by no means trivial, and there are a number of open problems, both in the data processing (e.g., the selection of the orbital arc length) and in the mission scheduling (e.g., the selection of the target areas for the rotation experiment).

The paper deals with laser technological units (LTU) based on multi-beam lasers of 1 to 10 kW power. To save working gases the laser technological units employ regeneration systems. The LTU have been the basic units used in multipurpose systems for laser processing various parts of the kind of rotation bodies or plane parts, cranckshafts, etc., as well as in special-purpose systems and automatic lines with the full cycle of auxiliary technological operations which are necessary to perform laser processing. The technologies of heat treatment of parts with the use of multi-beam lasers have been developed for the purposes of improvement of heavy-loaded rubbing parts wear resistance; local treatment of non-rigid parts; reduction of labor consumption in some cases of thermo-chemical treatment or induction (bulk) hardening replacement with laser irradiation; reconditioning of worn parts by precision facing, alloying or similar processes.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A nonsingular feedback shift register will generate pairwise disconnecting cycles. To get a de Bruijn cycle, we put a different mark on the states that are on the different cycle. This could help us find adjacent cycles easily and join them together. We modify the marks of the states that on the joined cycles to the same mark. At the same time, the feedback function is modified accordingly. Then a full cycle is obtained when the marks of all the states on different cycles are modified to the same mark. At the same time, the feedback function that could generate the de Bruijn sequences is also obtained.

RC4, a stream cipher designed by Rivest for RSA Data Security Inc., has found several commercial applications, but little public analysis has been done to date. In this paper, alleged RC4 (hereafter called RC4) is described and existing analysis outlined. The properties of RC4, and in particular its cycle structure, are discussed. Several variants of a basic "tracking" attack are described, and we provide experimental results on their success for scaled-down versions of RC4. This analysis shows that, although the full-size RC4 remains secure against known attacks, keystreams are distinguishable from randomly generated bit streams, and the RC4 key can be recovered if a significant fraction of the full cycle of keystream bits is generated (while recognizing that for a full-size system, the cycle length is too large for this to be practical). The tracking attacks discussed provide a significant improvement over the exhaustive search of the full RC4 keyspace. For example, the state of a 5 bit RC4-like cipher can be obtained from a portion of the keystream using 242 steps, while the nominal keyspace of the system is 2160. More work is necessary to improve these attacks in the case where a reduced keyspace is used.

An experimental and theoretical investigation of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) free piston powered linear alternator has been conducted to determine if improvements can be made in the thermal and conversion efficiencies of modern electrical generator systems. Performance of a free piston engine was investigated using a rapid compression expansion machine and a full cycle thermodynamic model. Linear alternator performance was investigated with a computer model. In addition linear alternator testing and permanent magnet characterization hardware were developed. The development of the two-stroke cycle scavenging process has begun.

A mathematical model describing the pressure-volume relationship of the Novacor left ventricular assist system (LVAS) was developed. The model consisted of lumped resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements with one time-varying capacitor to simulate the cyclical pressure generation of the system. The ejection and filling portions of the pump cycle were modeled with two separate functions. The corresponding model parameters were estimated by least squares fit to experimental data obtained in the laboratory. The model performed well in simulating pump pressure of operation throughout the full cycle. This model can be used to incorporate online cardiovascular model parameter estimation and to design a rule-based controller for the LVAS.

At present day, pipe mill engineers have to deal with challenging technological problems of heavy-wall and high-strength line pipe manufacturing. Numerical analysis of welded large-diameter pipe manufacturing stages is the most efficient way to solve these problems. Corresponding computational technologies and applied software were developed at Physical & Technical Center. Numerical structural analysis of steel plates at various stages of line pipe manufacturing is performed by the finite element method, accounting for geometric and material nonlinearities. The only thing to be done by the engineer in such analysis is to specify required input parameters. All the further process is software controlled. The discrepancy between the numerical analysis results and measured data in the overwhelming majority cases did not exceed 1%.

We experimentally study the effect of the air gap on conversion efficiency and the spectrum of generated third-harmonic pulses in the dual-tripler broadband third-harmonic generation scheme. The experimental results are in good agreement with predictions that the 4-cm air gap is equivalent to a full cycle of phase mismatch among the three interacting pulses (i.e. the fundamental, second-harmonic and third-harmonic pulse). The experimental results also show that the spectrum of the third-harmonic pulse is sensitive to the air gap. We also point out that the air gap effect can be ignored when the dual-tripler system is located in 1000 Pa atmosphere. These results will guide the design of the broadband third-harmonic generation system in high power lasers.

This paper discusses the design trade-offs for a parallel bit-organized MOS memory. A memory capacity of 40K bits can be achieved using LSI techniques. Memory storage capacity is expandable in both word length and number of words stored. The physical dimensions of the memory should be considerably smaller than those of a comparable core design. Power consumption per bit should likewise be less than that achievable with cores. A full cycle time of 1 us or less can be achieved. Cost per bit should compare very favorably with that of a core design.

The method of Chebyshev optimum linkage design is an iterative method related to Newton's method. It requires as an initial approximation a linkage with a number of precision points. The method was applied to the design of a crank rocker linkage to generate the solar declination. The Chebyshev optimum crank rocker linkage gave a maximum structural error of 7·20 minutes over the full cycle with an output range of 47°.

This article describes for the first time the full cycle of development from raw material cultivation to real-life application of a truly sustainable and scalable filter paper material intended for ...

This paper discusses the design trade-offs for a parallel bit-organized MOS memory. A memory capacity of 40K bits can be achieved using LSI techniques. Memory storage capacity is expandable in both word length and number of words stored. The physical dimensions of the memory should be considerably smaller than those of a comparable core design. Power consumption per bit should likewise be less than that achievable with cores. A full cycle time of 1 us or less can be achieved. Cost per bit should compare very favorably with that of a core design.