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An undeveloped fetus in the mother’s womb leads to congenital disabilities where the baby can be fully dependent on his mother. Fetal defects in the Health Law are included in medical emergencies to be treated with full requirements and provisions regulated by law. Article 32 paragraph (1) points (a) and (b) of the Government Regulation on Reproductive Health explains the scope of indications of medical emergencies include a condition where it threatens the lives of mothers and babies and babies with disabilities where it resulted in a difficult for the baby to live outside the womb or the condition where the baby has some defects and cannot be cured. Article 75 paragraph (2) of the Health Law states if doctors do an abortion with indications of a medical emergency such as the fetus suffering from a severe genetic disease or congenital defects, the doctors cannot be convicted. So the principle of prudence is needed in determining the diagnosis to bring off an abortion because abortion is closely related to crime if it is not appropriately treated.

This research is based on statutory regulation relating to clinical pharmacy services in hospitals afterthe issuance of Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2020 concerning Hospital Classification andLicensing (PMK 3 of 2020) which reaps various interpretations, especially clinical pharmacy services inhospitals. The methodology in this study used a normative juridical type and used four approaches, namelythe statute approach, historical approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach. Then a documentstudy was carried out through tracing the sources of legal materials such as the Constitution, the Health Law,the Hospital Law, the Health Manpower Law and the statutory regulations relating to the rules for classifyingpharmaceutical services in hospitals as well as studying reading sources related to the object of research.This research showed that there is actually a contradiction in norms between the Hospital Law, the HealthLaw, the Health Manpower Law and the Minister of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016 concerning theStandard of Pharmaceutical Services in Hospitals which is the implementer of the Hospital Law and PMK3 of 2020 concerning Hospital Classification and Licensing, where the lower statutory regulations may notconflict with the statutory regulations under it or known as the lex superior derogate legi inferiori principle.

The main role of an advocate is to help clients get a fair legal process. This role gives birth to high expectations of advocates so that clients give full confidence to advocates to represent their interests. But in practice, it is not uncommon for advocates to abuse the trust given by their clients. As recorded in the 2019 PERADI annual report which shows that advocates reported by their clients to the PERADI Honorary Board are increasing. Avocados do have immunity rights as regulated in Article 16 of Law No. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates jo. the decision of the Constitutional Court through decision No. 26 / PUU-XI / 2013. But of course, advocates cannot always protect their immune rights, especially if advocates violate the law and harm the interests of their clients. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibilities of lawyers who violate the law while carrying out their profession and are bound in a legal services contract. This research is normative legal research. The approach used in this research is the conceptual approach, the legislation approach, and the case approach. This research concludes that even though law violations were carried out by lawyers while carrying out their profession and based on a contract, advocates remain responsible, both civil and criminal. While the right to immunity can only be used as a basis for legal protection when advocates in good faith in defending the interests of their clients.

The development of electronic transaction rises a positive atmosphere for the economy growth. Similar to such a transformation, however, this kind of transaction also brings negative effects with it as well. Any deception and deceitfulness in electronic transaction are often found, while the injured parties feel doubt to do legal actions on it. Basically, the regime of cyber law in Indonesia has anticipated the negative effects of electronic transaction by enacting a series of regulations on that issue. As like another regulation, however, those regulations remain unclear. The actors of the transaction, particularly the consumers, have not completely understood the characteristics of electronic transaction, and thus, it makes them injured. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of electronic transaction in Indonesia Regulation.

Public-private partnership is an alternative defrayal which gives chances for private sectors to get engaged in financing the government’s good and service suppliers through business contract. As contracts commonly made, failure may happen while implementing the contract, known as a tort. Therefore, government contracts are conducted by Commitment-Making Officials (hereinafter, PPK), authorized to make and implement it. Thus, the accountability over the contract failure is inseparable with the authorized PPK. This study aimed to examine the accountability of PPK when failures happen in the implementation of government contract. This paper using legal research method along with statute and conceptual approaches, the finding showed that PPK were accountable both as officials and individual. As officials, their accountability is apparent when they did tort on the provision mentioned in a government contract they had signed and established. As individuals, their accountability is apparent on which they did maladministration.

Ideally a contract does not need to be interpreted if the words used are be able to describe the parties' intentions. But as a proverb says, a word has a million of meanings. How good the words used in a contract, there is always ambiguity. So, in the implementation phase of the contract, the difference of interpretation often arises. Basically, contract law has provided guidance to the judges in interpreting the contract. The contract interpretation guidelines has been formulated in Article 1342 up to Article 1351 BW. But the principles of contract interpretation is generally used partially, so that interpretations often exacerbate differences of interpretation. Hermeneutics is a method which integrates all contract interpretation instruments. In terms of philosophists, hermeneutics is knowledge to comprehend an idea truthfully. The purpose of hermeneutics is to elaborate an idea clearly. By implementing the hermeneutics, the understanding to contract can be more comprehensive, not only the understanding to the text, but to the context, and the contextualization as well.

The Urgency of Civil Registration in the Fulfilment of the Rights of the Child From birth Indonesian children have the basic right to be protected by the State and according to religion. One of the basic rights of the child is the right to obtain a birth certificate through the civil registration system. In this context, all children are seen to have the same basic human rights, and the same is true according to Islam. For example, there is no differentiation in relation to whether a child is born within marriage or illegitimately. From a human rights perspective, all children have an equal rights. Similarly, in Islamic jurisprudence according to the Imam Shafi’i School there are no limits to the care of a child. Civil registration of birth ensures human rights in relation to social status and individual benefits. The civil registration system gives individuals a unique identity, records the relationship with parents, and provides the foundation for citizenship. Birth certificates provide documentation of the birth of the child and usually one or both parents, which was fundamental to the determination of nationality, depending on the laws of each country. Civil registration is also important in recording death, marriage, divorce and so forth.