Search

Arheološka istraživanja groblja pod tumulima u Dolini kod Nove Gradiške nastavljena su u 2021. godini u okviru istraživačkoga projekta Djetinjstvo u protopovijesti na jugu Karpatske kotline ARHKIDS (IP-2019-04-2520). Tom prilikom istražen je manji tumul 14 koji je u potpunosti bio snižen obradom zemljišta. Ispod zemljanoga nasipa otkriven je paljevinski grob bez priloga. Sličan ukop zabilježen je prilikom istraživanja tumula 9 2013. godine., The archaeological excavations at the cemetery under the tumuli in Dolina near Nova Gradiška continued in 2021 as part of the research project Childhood in protohistory in the southern Carpathian Basin ARHKIDS (IP-2019-04-2520). Small tumulus 14, excavated on that occasion, had been completely reduced by land cultivation. Cremation grave was discovered under the earth embankment without any grave goods. Tumulus 9, excavated in 2013, contained a similar burial.

Kasnobrončanodobno naselje u Dolini na položaju Babine grede locirano je na dvije uzdignute grede koje su položene usporedno s tokom rijeke Save u smjeru zapad – istok. Naselje je poznato na osnovi od ranije prikupljenih površinskih nalaza keramičkih ulomaka te je potvrđeno geomagnetskim snimanjem koje je provedeno 2014. godine. Tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine istražena je sonda 1 koja je smještena na istočnome dijelu zapadne grede. Arheološkim istraživanjem 2018. godine na položaju Babine Grede – Tukovi utvrdila se djelomična istovremenost naselja na istočnoj gredi tijekom Ha A2, odnosno tijekom prve polovice 11. st. pr. Kr. U sondi 2 otkriveni su i mlađi horizonti od onih zabilježenih u sondi 1. U istraživanjima koja su provedena u proljeće 2019. godine otvorena je manja sonda 3 na zapadnome dijelu istočne grede. Sonda 3 nalazi se južno od naselja na zapadnoj gredi. Ova sonda istraživana je s ciljem ubikacije ravnoga groblja, ali je lociran periferni dio naselja s većim ukopanim objektom. Novim rezultatima istraživanja dopunjene su spoznaje o granicama naselja i smjerovima njegova širenja, kao i pretpostavke o položaju ravnoga groblja. Činjenica da se na drugoj strani rijeke nalazi brončanodobno naselje Donja Dolina koje je, sudeći prema objavljenim nalazima, bar jednim dijelom bilo istovremeno s naseljem na položaju Babine grede, otvara niz novih pitanja o specifičnome načinu korištenja krajolika uz rijeku Savu tijekom kasnoga brončanog doba, osobito tijekom mlađe faze kulture polja sa žarama., The Late Bronze Age settlement in Dolina at the location of Babine Grede stands on two elevated ridges lying along the course of the River Sava in the direction of west – east. The settlement is known on the basis of previously collected surface finds of potsherds and was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey conducted in 2014. Trench 1, located in the eastern part of the western ridge, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. The archaeological excavations of the location of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018 determined that the settlement on the east ridge was partly contemporary in Ha A2, i.e. in the first half of the 11th cent. BC. Trench 2 included younger horizons than those recorded in Trench 1. The excavations conducted in the spring of 2019 opened Trench 3, which is a smaller trench on the western part of the eastern ridge. Trench 3 is located south of the settlement on the western ridge. This trench was excavated with the aim of locating a flat cemetery, but it located a peripheral part of the settlement with a large buried structure. The new excavation results have supplemented the findings about the borders of the settlement and the directions of its expansion, as well as the assumptions about the position of the flat cemetery. According to the published findings, the Bronze Age settlement of Donja Dolina on the other side of the river was at least partly contemporary with the settlement at Babine Grede, and this fact raises a number of new questions about the specific use of landscape along the River Sava in the Late Bronze Age, especially during the younger phase of the Urnfield culture.

Kasnobrončanodobno naselje u Dolini na položaju Babine grede nalazi se na dvije uzdignute grede koje se pružaju usporedno s tokom rijeke Save u smjeru zapad – istok. Naselje je poznato od ranije na osnovi prikupljenih brojnih površinskih nalaza keramičkih ulomaka te je potvrđeno geomagnetskim snimanjem 2014. godine. Tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine istražena je sonda 1 koja je bila položena na istočnome dijelu zapadne grede. Arheološkim istraživanjem provedenim 2018. godine na položaju Babine Grede – Tukovi željela se utvrditi točna datacija naselja smještenoga na istočnoj gredi. Prema otkrivenim brončanim i keramičkim predmetima, naselje na položaju istočne grede dijelom je egzistiralo u isto vrijeme kao i dio naselja obuhvaćen istraživanjima u sondi 1 na zapadnome dijelu grede, tijekom Ha A2, odnosno u prvoj polovici 11. st. pr. Kr. U sondi 2 otkriveni su i mlađi horizonti naseljavanja od onih zabilježenih u sondi 1. Rezultati istraživanja provedenih 2018. godine mijenjaju dosadašnje pretpostavke o horizontalnoj stratigrafiji naseljavanja u Dolini, odnosno kako se kasnobrončanodobno naselje širilo od istoka prema zapadu, budući da se nedaleko od zapadnoga ruba naselja na Babinim gredama na položaju Glavičice nalazi groblje pod tumulima. Provedenim istraživanjem dokazano je kako se naselje širilo i prema istoku na uzdignutijim mjestima koja nisu bila izravno izložena naglim mjenama razina vode rijeke Save., The Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede in Dolina stands on two greda (elevated positions) stretching along the River Sava in the east-west direction. The settlement is known from before on the basis of numerous collected surface finds of pottery fragments, and it was confirmed by a geomagnetic survey in 2014. Trench 1, in the eastern part of the western elevation, was excavated in 2015 and 2016. Archaeological research undertaken on the site of Babine Grede – Tukovi in 2018 was intended to determine the exact dating of the settlement standing on the eastern elevation. The discovered bronze and ceramic objects show that the settlement on the position of the eastern elevation was partly contemporaneous with the part of the settlement included in the excavations of trench 1 in the western part of the elevation, during Ha A2, that is, in the first half of the 11th century BC. Trench 2 contained even younger settlement horizons than the ones identified in trench 1. The results of the research from 2018 have changed the assumptions about the horizontal settlement stratigraphy in Dolina, that is, about how the Late Bronze Age settlement spread from east to west, where the settlement is the closest to the cemetery under the tumuli at the position of Glavičice. The research has proven that the settlement spread towards the east, too, on the higher places which were not directly exposed to sudden changes in the water level of the Sava. In future years, research will focus on locating the flat cemetery and considering the horizontal stratigraphy of the Late Bronze Age settlement on the site of Babine Grede.

U listopadu 2017. godine provedena su arheološka istraživanja u Dolini na položaju Glavičice, gdje su istraženi tumul 10 kao i probna sonda na pretpostavljenom položaju ravnoga groblja. U tumulu 10 otkriveni su ostaci opljačkanoga groba 1 te ostatak groba 2, pri čemu su tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani i tragovi aktivnosti tijekom pogrebnih rituala provedenih prije podizanja zemljanoga humka. U probnoj sondi nisu pronađeni tragovi arheoloških cijelina, osim malobrojnih keramičkih ulomaka prikupljenih u sloju humusa., During the archaeological excavations carried out in 2017 tumulus 10 was excavated at the site Glavičice in Dolina. The upper grave in Tumulus 10 was plundered in the past (Fig. 3). The results of the research confirmed the assumption that the structure of each tumulus flowed independently and only in adjacent tumuli, according to the present knowledge, traces of collective memory and established tradition can be expected. Since only a small part of the community living in a settlement situated at the site Babine Grede were buried under the tumuli, it is not excluded that tumuli were constructed for a longer period. The recognizable chronological difference, proved by type-chronological analysis, indicates a range of 80–100 years in burials under the tumuli. In addition to the chronological difference, one may also have to account for a different position of the deceased who were buried under the tumuli, that is, it could be related to family or other social affiliation.

U jesen 2016. godine nastavljena su arheološka istraživanja sonde 1 na položaju višeslojnog kasnobrončanodobnog naselja Babine Grede u Dolini. U istraživanjima 2015. otkrivena su tri naseobinska horizonta, a u istraživanjima poduzetim 2016. godine još devet horizonata naseljavanja na gredi uz Savu. Arheološkim iskopavanjima dokumentirana su urušenja iznad kuće, potpuni tlocrt jedne kuće stradale u požaru, ukopi za stupove, ognjišta te jame i poluukopani prostor. Od pokretnih nalaza pronađene su veće količine keramike, kućnoga lijepa od konstrukcije kuće, zatim predmeti od kamena, životinjske kosti kao i nekoliko brončanih predmeta. Prema pronađenim nalazima, istraženi horizonti mogu se datirati u vrijeme 11. st. pr. Kr., In the autumn of 2016 continued archaeological research of trench 1 on multilayer Late Bronze Age settlement Babine Grede in Dolina. Three horizons of the settlement were discovered in excavation 2015, while in the research undertaken in 2016 nine horizons of settlement was recognized. Archaeological excavations documented the collapse over the house, complete floor plan of a house destroyed by fire, numerous burials for posts, fireplaces and pits and semiundergrounded pit. Archaeological finds have been found in greater quantities – pottery, house daub of the house construction, then stone objects, animal bones and a few bronze items. According to the collected findings, explored part of settlement can be dated to the 11th century BC.

U jesen 2015. godine započela su istraživanja kasnobrončanodobnoga naselja na položaju Babine grede u Dolini. U sondi 1 dokumentirana su tri horizonta naseljavanja s ostacima podnica kuća uz čije se rubove nalaze ukopi rupa za stupove. Između podnica kuća pronađene su jame, dok su posebno brojna ognjišta koja često imaju supstrukciju od keramičkih ulomaka. U istraživanjima je otkrivena brojna pokretna građa, pri čemu su najbrojniji ulomci keramičkih posuda i kućnoga lijepa, zatim slijede nalazi kostiju, žrvnjeva, kamenih alata, brončanih predmeta (dlijeto, igla) te ostaci brončane zgure. Prema preliminarnim rezultatima i pokretnoj građi, naselje se datira u Ha A2 i Ha B1 stupanj, odnosno u 11. i 10. st. pr. Kr., Research of the Late Bronze Age settlement at Babine grede in Dolina was carried out in the autumn of 2015. The Late Bronze Age settlement is at a natural hill next to a branch of an old watercourse. Three settlement horizons were documented in trench 1 with the remains of house floors with postholes along the edges. Pits were found between the floors, with a particularly large number of hearths, often with pottery substructure. The research revealed numerous mobile finds, most notably fragments of pottery vessels and daub, then bones, grindstones, stone tools, bronze objects (chisel, pin) and bronze slag. According to preliminary results and mobile finds, the settlement can be attributed to Ha A2 and Ha B1, i.e. 11th and 10th c. BC. Settlement at Babine grede in Dolina is contemporary to the Old Settlement in Donja Dolina (Marić 1964), while comparisons for pottery finds can be drawn also with the one in Novigrad on Sava (Majnarić-Pandžić 1993).

Kasnobrončanodobno groblje pod tumulima u Dolini istražuje se od 2009. godine u suradnji s Gradskim muzejom Nova Gradiška. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima pet tumula otkriveni su različiti načini pokopavanja pod tumulima na kraju kasnoga brončanog i početkom starijega željeznog doba s obzirom na konstrukciju grobova i strukturu priloga u njima. Arheološkim istraživanjima 2014. godine istraženi su ostaci tumula 12 i 13 te su provedena geofizička istraživanja položaja naselja i groblja pod tumulima., Archaeological research in 2014 looked into the remains of tumuli 12 and 13, which included geophysical survey of the position of the settlements and the tumulus cemetery. Research of tumuli 12 and 13 confirmed the northwestern border of the tumulus cemetery. Geophysical survey provided further insight into the relation between the settlement and the cemetery and the infrastructure of the settlement itself. Remarkable insight and finds gathered during the investigation of Glavičica in Dolina allow a more comprehensive view of funeral rituals during the end of the Late Bronze and beginning of Early Iron Age in Posavina (Sava valley), which also extends to the spatial relations between the settlement and the cemetery. The results of magnetic prospecting have broadened the scope provided by classical archaeological methods and will certainly steer future research of the site in several directions: inspecting the eastern edge of the flat cemetery, verifying the position of probable tumuli not visible at present and researching the settlement at Babine Grede.

Pokraj Doline na Savi, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se groblje pod tumulima na kojem Institut za arheologiju i Gradski muzej Nova Gradiška provode arheološka istraživanja od 2009. godine. U iskopavanjima poduzetim 2013. godine istraženi su tumuli 5 i 9 u kojima su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi koji se, prema grobnom ritualu, uklapaju u postojeću sliku o pogrebnim običajima u Dolini na kraju kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba. Izniman je nalaz dobro očuvane brončane kacige zvonastog tipa u grobu 1 tumula 5 koja je u to vrijeme zasigurno bila znak prestiža u zajednici.

Pokraj Doline na Savi, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se groblje pod tumulima na kojem Institut za arheologiju i Gradski muzej Nova Gradiška provode arheološka istraživanja od 2009. godine. U iskopavanjima poduzetim 2013. godine istraženi su tumuli 5 i 9 u kojima su otkriveni paljevinski grobovi koji se, prema grobnom ritualu, uklapaju u postojeću sliku o pogrebnim običajima u Dolini na kraju kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba. Izniman je nalaz dobro očuvane brončane kacige zvonastog tipa u grobu 1 tumula 5 koja je u to vrijeme zasigurno bila znak prestiža u zajednici., In 2013 we carried out the investigation of tumuli 9 and 5 at the position of Glavičice in Dolina. Tumulus 9 yielded grave 1 with cremated bones mixed with the remains of the pyre, potsherds and a bronze button, dating the grave to Ha B3 phase. A bronze bulb-headed pin was discovered in the fill of the tumulus. Tumulus 5, with 20 m in diameter, belongs to a group of tumuli lying closest to the northern edge of the settlement. Grave 1 was discovered immediately beneath the ploughing layer. It consisted of a rectangular timber structure with posts. The grave was filled with the remains from the pyre, on which was placed the urn with a bowl serving as the lid. On the northern side of the urn was placed a bronze bell helmet (Glockenhelm), dated to Ha B3 phase. The burial rite with grave goods in the form of a bronze defensive weapon – helmet, differs from the usual burials of the younger phase of the Urnfield culture in southern Pannonia. The fill of grave 1 yielded also abundant remains of burned bronze. Grave 2, lying beneath grave 1, yielded the remains of a pyre with cremated bones, next to which was placed a ceramic set of four vessels. The exceptional finds and results of the investigations in Dolina supplement our picture of the burial rites, with the finds from tumulus 5 significantly changing our knowledge of the relative-chronological relationships at the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in central Posavina.

U radu se kratko predstavljaju nove arheološke spoznaje o lokalitetu Dolina prema rezultatima istraživanja u razdoblju od 2009. do 2013. godine

Radi prikupljanja novih spoznaja o kasnome brončanom i željeznom dobu u Posavini, započelo se s pokusnim istraživanjima nalazišta u Dolini, koj se na osnovi dosad prikupljenih slučajnih nalaza pripisuju grupi Donja Dolina-Sanski Most. Istražen je tumul 8 u kojem su bila dva groba koja se mogu datirati u početak starijeg željeznog doba.

Radi prikupljanja novih spoznaja o kasnome brončanom i željeznom dobu u Posavini, započelo se s pokusnim istraživanjima nalazišta u Dolini, koja se na osnovi dosad prikupljenih slučajnih nalaza pripisuju grupi Donja Dolina-Sanski Most. Na položaju Babine grede nalazi se naselje na kojem su prikupljeni brojni keramički ulomci koji se mogu datirati 11 – 7. st. pr. Kr. Sjeverozapadno od naselja, na položaju Glavičice, nalazi se skupina tumula između kojih je istražen tumul 8 u kojem su izdvojena dva nasipa, svaki s po jednim paljevinskim grobom. Ispod gornjeg nasipa nalazio se grob 1 koji se, s obzirom na nalaze spaljenih brončanih predmeta koji pripadaju dijelu nošnje, može pripisati pokopu ženske osobe. U grobu 2, koji se nalazio ispod donjeg nasipa tumula, pronađena je brončana igla s ukrašenim vratom za koju se analogije nalaze na naselju u Donjoj Dolini gdje je datirana u fazu Ic, odnosno u fazu 1 (Ha B3). U grobu su pronađeni i ulomci keramičke posude s bogatim urezanim i bijelom inkrustiranim ukrasom, za koje se usporedbe pronalaze u srednjobosanskoj grupi te na istoku, u donjem Podunavlju u tzv. Basarabi stilu. Oba groba iz tumula 8 pripadaju početku starijega željeznog doba te ga prikazuju kao jedan od najstarijih dosad poznatih pokopa pod tumulom u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. U blizini tumula pretpostavljeno je i postojanje ravnih grobova, zbog čega je pokusno istražen stotinjak metara udaljen položaj Draganje, na kojem je pronađen ravan paljevinski grob koji se vjerojatno može datirati u mlađu fazu kulture polja sa žarama. Sva spomenuta nalazišta u Dolini, pokusnim iskopavanjima tijekom nekoliko godina, mogu ponuditi spoznaje o početku nove civilizacijske epohe koju je obilježila pojava predmeta izrađenih od željeza, uza što se povezuju društvene i ekonomske promjene što se dijelom izražavaju u početku pokopavanja istaknutih pojedinaca pod tumulima. S obzirom na važnost naselja i groblja u susjednoj Donjoj Dolini, i na sjevernoj strani rijeke Save moralo je postojati odgovarajuće naselje preko kojeg se odvijala intenzivna trgovina kao i razmjena ideja i dobara između jugoistočnoalpskog prostora s Podunavljem te zapadnog Balkana i južne Panonije., With the aim of defining protohistoric cultural phenomena in Posavina, in 2009 trial excavations began at the site in Dolina (Vrbje Municipality, County of Slavonski Brod and Posavina) in order to find out more about a series of processes that were occurring at the mentioned territory in the course of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, as intensive exchange of goods, people and ideas took place between the south-eastern Alpine region and the Danube region on the one hand, and between west Balkan and southern Pannonia on the other hand. In the course of the excavations it is expected to collect moveable finds, as well as facts on the location of the graves and their relationship towards the corresponding settlement, as well as their chronological position within the existing periodization of the cultural group Donja Dolina–Sanski Most (Marić 1964; Čović 1987), to which the sites around Dolina belong. The excavations were conducted in co-operation between the Nova Gradiška Town Museum and the Institute of Archaeology. Financing was provided by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports within the Scientific Project The Development and Mobility of Protohistoric Communities Settled on the Territory of Continental Croatia: 197-1970685-0711. On the basis of the past field surveys and individual finds, at thesite Babine Grede, on a slightly elevated and prolonged traverse – almost 1 km long – a settlement is situated, surrounded by often flooded lowlands. Northwest of the settlement, at the site called Glavičice, up to the present day 13 tumuli have been documented, although this number is significantly high in view of the fact that they are situated on a once intensively cultivated land. Next to the tumuli the existence of fl at graves is assumed. In the course of the trial excavations of 2009, a total of 8 tumuli were explored at the Glavičice site, while the Draganje site, approximately a hundred metres west of the tumuli where on the basis of surface finds the discovery of fl at graves was expected, was trial-trenched (Map 1). Glavičice - Tumulus 8 Tumulus 8 has a diameter of 16-17 m and it belongs to a group of tumuli of smaller dimensions (Fig. 1). Under the upper layer of the tumulus, almost in its centre, grave T 8/1 was found with incinerated remains of a deceased woman. The remains were piled up together with fragments of bronze artefacts which were incinerated along with the woman as part of her costume. However, fragments of a needle and probably parts of bronze armlets/anklets as well as of a small rivet with a hemispheric head can be recognized. In the centre there is a jug with a grip and with a vertically cannelured belly (Fig. 2). Under the bottom layer of the tumulus, also almost in its central part, grave T 8/2 with incinerated remains of a deceased person was found. The pile of incinerated remains of the deceased is rather compact, which suggests that it must have been laid in a textile or leather cloth (Fig. 3). South of the bones, a larger bronze pin was found with diagonally ornamented neck and smaller profilations at the top. The pin might have closed the organic material in which the bones were kept. Along with incinerated bones, fragments of a reddish vessel were found, which was decorated with zigzag and vertical curved lines filled with white incrustation. In the north-eastern quadrant, a bit further from the incinerated remains of the deceased, a bowl with a round body and an indented edge, and a smaller pot with a round body with a grip on the neck were found. At the level of grave 2, in the north-eastern quadrant, an oval surface of burned earth stands out that might suggest the spot where incinerations used to take place. Draganje About a hundred meters west of the tumuli group, at the site of Draganje, trench 1 was explored which partly encompassed a smaller elevation on which fragments of pottery and incinerated bones were collected that suggest the existence of fl at burials. In the northern part of the trench, grave 1 was found with incinerated remains of a deceased, laid in a rectangular pit with rounded corners (Fig. 4). Only the bottom of the grave was preserved with fragments of ceramic vessels – a pot with a round body and a horizontally faceted edge, and a bowl with a rounded body and an indented and horizontally faceted edge. The finds suggest that the grave is from the early stage of the Late Bronze Age. Trial excavations at the sites of Glavičice and Draganje in Dolina contribute to a better understanding of the end of the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Early Iron Age in Posavina, a region which, according to the existing sporadic individual finds, belonged to Donja Dolina–Sanski Most cultural group. The significance of the settlement in Dolina is testified by numerous surface fi nds collected in fi elds – ceramic vessel fragments that can be dated between 11th and 7th centuries BC, even though finds of earlier pottery forms are probably not excluded either. More reliable stratigraphic indices can only be brought about by trial excavations. The excavation of tumulus 8 at Glavičice with two dikes and two incineration burials represents a significant discovery, not only from the aspect of the study of burial rites in Posavina, but also for a chronological determination of the finds collected within the Donja Dolina–Sanski Most group. In the bottom grave T. 8/2 a bronze pin with an ornamented neck was found, analogies of which are found in the neighboring settlement in Donja Dolina, where it was dated in stage Ic (Marić 1964: 31, T. V: 7) or stage 1 (Čović 1987: 238) which is associated with stage Ha B3. In the grave, fragments of a ceramic vessel were also found with richly curved and white incrusted decoration. Analogies are found within the central Bosnian group and in the east in the Lower Danube region in the so-called Bassarabian style. The younger grave T. 8/1 contained numerous fragments of bronze artefacts which mostly lost their original shape as they were incinerated with the deceased female as part of her costume. Analogies for a jug with a vertically cannelured belly were documented on Dalj group sites. The settlement on Babine Grede as well as the Glavičice cemetery with tumuli and the Draganje flat burials, i.e. several seasons of trial excavations on these sites, may bring about facts that will bring more light into the beginning of a new civilization era characterized by the appearance of iron artefacts, with which social and economic changes are linked that are partly evident in the beginning of burying prominent individuals in tumuli. Bearing in mind the significance of settlements and cemeteries in the neighboring Donja Dolina, there must have been a corresponding settlement also on the northern bank of the Sava River, through which intensive trade and exchange of ideas and goods between the east Alpine region and the Danube region, as well as between western Balkans and southern Pannonia took place.