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INTRODUCTION: The treatment of human and animal sporotrichosis is often performed with antifungal agents; however, the emergence of antifungal-resistant strains of Sporothrix species has been reported. We aimed to discuss the ability of Sporothrix species in developing resistance to the conventional antifungals and mechanisms for this. METHODOLOGY: Published data on databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar) were investigated using a combination of keywords from 2008 to 2019 by the StArt tool. RESULTS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations values based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) from eight references were classified according to the epidemiological cutoff values in wild-type or non-wild-type strains. In this way, non-wild-type S. schenckii and, mainly, S. brasiliensis isolates were recognized on itraconazole, amphotericin B, terbinafine, and voriconazole, which are strains that deserve more attention toward antifungal control, with a probable risk of mutation to antifungal resistance. Among the few reviewed studied on antifungal resistance, the melanin production capacity (DHN-melanin, L-DOPA melanin, and pyomelanin), the low genetic diversity due to the abnormal number of chromosomes, and the mutation in cytochrome P450 are some of the factors for developing resistance mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of Sporothrix species with in vitro antifungal resistance was evidenced and the possible mechanisms for resistance development may be due to the melanin production capacity, genetic diversity and mutations in cytochrome P450. Further studies should be carried out targeting gene expression for the development of antifungal resistance on Sporothrix species in order to prospect new therapeutic targets for human and veterinary use.

Objetivo: abordar objetivamente as características da infecção fúngica por Sporothrix schenkii dando ênfase no seu manejo com o uso de Itraconazol. Revisão bibliográfica: a esporotricose é a infecção fúngica subcutânea mais comum da América Latina, caracterizando-se por ser subaguda ou crônica. Uma vez que o fungo penetra no organismo através de lesões com perda de continuidade da epiderme e mucosas, as manifestações clínicas podem ser diversas. Dentre as formas estão: cutânea localizada, extracutânea, disseminada e cutâneo-linfática, sendo a última a principal delas. O diagnóstico é clínico, epidemiológico e laboratorial, envolvendo principalmente a cultura da biópsia ou aspirado da lesão. Outros exames complementares podem ajudar na investigação. As medicações disponíveis em território nacional para tratamento da esporotricose são: iodeto de potássio, terbinafina, itraconazol e anfotericina B. Dessa forma, destaca-se o Itraconazol como primeira escolha para o tratamento da esporotricose cutânea e cutâneo-linfática. Sua ação e absorção são dependentes de pH ácido e sua dose varia de acordo com o quadro do paciente. Considerações finais: o Itraconazol apresenta a maior eficácia diante dos quadros mais prevalentes de esporotricose, devendo atentar às situações em que ele não está indicado, visando a evitar causar efeitos prejudiciais ao paciente

We report a case of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in the right upper limb. The fungus was identified as Sporothrix schenckii senso stricto by calmodulin gene sequencing. The initial treatment was itraconazole (200 mg/day), but in vitro antifungal susceptibility demonstrated high resistant to this and another six antifungals, with exception to terbinafine. The lesions did not regress with itraconazole treatment. Thus, 500 mg/day of terbinafine was prescribed and clinical cure was obtained after four months

Introdução: A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. O itraconazol é o antifúngico de escolha para esporotricose humana e animal, mas há relatos de resistência ou recorrência ao tratamento. Alguns patógenos necessitam de ferro para o seu desenvolvimento e o quelante de ferro deferasirox tem demonstrado atividade contra certos fungos patogênicos. Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou o crescimento e a suscetibilidade ao estresse oxidativo de Sporothrix spp. in vitro quando exposto a diferentes concentrações de ferro e sua suscetibilidade ao itraconazol sozinho e em combinação com deferasirox. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados 10 isolados de cada espécie de S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis. A afinidade das cepas por ferro foi avaliada medindo o crescimento radial em placas de ágar batata dextrose contendo diferentes concentrações de ferro. As cepas também foram submetidas a 40 mM de peróxido de hidrogênio para avaliação da resposta ao estresse oxidativo. O crescimento dos isolados em meio com restrição ou sobrecarga de ferro também foi avaliado no caldo RPMI 1640 usando o ensaio colorimétrico com 2,3-Bis- (2-Metoxi-4-Nitro-5-Sulfofenil) -2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilida (XTT). A suscetibilidade dos isolados fúngicos frente ao itraconazol e ao deferasirox foi avaliada pela técnica de microdiluição in vitro. Resultados: A disponibilidade de ferro afetou o crescimento e a viabilidade de S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis ao estresse oxidativo. No entanto, a combinação de deferasirox com itraconazol in vitro resultou em indiferença para a maioria dos isolados de Sporothrix spp. Conclusão: Ferro é necessário para o desenvolvimento de Sporothrix spp., sendo S. brasiliensis mais sensível às diferentes concentrações de ferro que S. schenckii, embora o quelante de ferro deferasirox combinado com itraconazol não tenha sido sinérgico in vitro para esses isolados. Adição de ferro no meio de cultivo também aumentou a suscetibilidade de S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis ao estresse oxidativo. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para analisar deferasirox como adjuvante terapêutico para Sporothrix spp. Introduction: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Itraconazole is the drug of choice for human and animal sporotrichosis, but there are reports of resistance or recurrence to treatment. Some pathogens use iron for their development and the iron chelator deferasirox has demonstrated activity against some pathogenic fungi. Aim: The present study evaluated the in vitro growth and susceptibility to oxidative stress of Sporothrix spp. exposed to different iron levels and the susceptibility of Sporothrix spp. to itraconazole alone and in combination with deferasirox. Materials and methods: Ten isolates of each S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis species were used. The affinity of the strains for iron was evaluated by measuring the radial growth in potato dextrose agar plates containing different iron levels. Strains were further subjected to 40 mM hydrogen peroxide to evaluate oxidative stress response. Growth of the strains to iron-restricted or iron-overload medium was also assessed in RPMI 1640 broth using the 2,3-Bis- (2-Metoxi-4-Nitro-5-Sulfofenil) -2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilida (XTT) colorimetric assay. The susceptibility of fungal isolates to itraconazole and deferasirox was evaluated using in vitro microdilution technique. Results: Iron availability affected S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis growth and viability to oxidative stress. Nonetheless, the combination of deferasirox with itraconazole in vitro resulted in indifference for most Sporothrix spp. isolates. Conclusions: Iron is required for the development of Sporothrix spp. S. brasiliensis is more sensitive to different iron concentrations than S. schenckii, although iron chelator deferasirox combined with itraconazole was not synergistic in vitro for these strains. Iron addition in the culture medium also increased the susceptibility of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis to oxidative stress. Further studies are required to analyze deferasirox as a therapeutic adjunct to Sporothrix spp.

Skin lesions in feline sporotrichosis usually present a high fungal burden, making cats an important source of infection. This study evaluated the fungal burden and isolation in skin lesions of feline sporotrichosis during treatment with itraconazole (ITZ), combined with or without potassium iodide (KI). Treatment-na&iuml, ve cats with culture-confirmed sporotrichosis and presenting skin ulcers were treated for up to 40 weeks with oral ITZ alone (n = 74) or combined with KI (n = 56). These cats were submitted to monthly sampling of the same lesion for mycological culture and cytopathology until healing of lesion or up to twelve weeks. The fungal burden was expressed as the mean yeast cell count in three microscopic fields from imprint smears. The fungal burden before treatment was significantly higher in cats in which the lesion persisted and in cases of treatment failure when using ITZ alone. After twelve weeks, the median fungal burden decreased to zero in both treatment protocols, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of transmission of Sporothrix spp. from cats. These findings encourage the early treatment of feline sporotrichosis as a control measure. Moreover, the fungal burden in feline sporotrichosis lesions can be a prognostic indicator and a parameter for choosing appropriate therapeutic regimen.

A esporotricose é micose subaguda ou crônica, causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii, endêmica no Brasil e transmitida principalmente através da inoculação traumática de seu agente causal na pele. A transmissão zoonótica, especialmente por gatos infectados, tem sido demonstrada em diversos relatos e séries de casos. Nós descrevemos a ocorrência simultânea da doença em três membros de uma mesma família através da arranhadura por gato doméstico infectado. Dois pacientes desenvolveram a forma cutânea-linfática e apenas um desenvolveu a forma cutânea fixa. Dois pacientes foram tratados com sucesso, com solução saturada de iodeto de potássio; entretanto, o terceiro caso apresentou efeitos colaterais e teve seu tratamento substituído por itraconazol, com resolução de suas lesões Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii which is endemic in Brazil and is transmitted primarily through traumatic inoculation of its causative agent into the skin. The zoonotic transmission, especially from infected cats, has been demonstrated in several reports and case series. We present simultaneous occurrence of the disease in three members of the same family by scratches from an infected domestic cat. Two patients developed the lymphocutaneous form and one only developed the fixed cutaneous form. Two patients were successfully treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide; however, the third case reported side effects and had his therapy substituted for itraconazole, with resolution of his lesions

Itraconazole is currently considered the drug of choice to treat the diverse clinical presentation of sporotrichosis. On the other hand terbinafine by virtue of its excellent in vitro activity is under comparative evaluation for its therapeutic potential for a wide range of fungal infections. In this study, our aim was to determine the in vivo efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis. 120 rats Wistar received an injection of 2x10³ S. schenckii cells by via the lateral tail vein. After 3 days the animals were treated with terbinafine (250mg/kg) and itraconazole (100 mg/kg) and their respective diluents. In our model, terbinafine and itraconazole were effective in reducing the number of clinical lesions and positive organ cultures. There was statistical difference between the groups treated with the antifungals in relation to the control groups (pItraconazol é atualmente considerado a droga de escolha para o tratamento das diferentes formas clínicas da esporotricose. Por outro lado a terbinafina devido a sua excelente atividade in vitro está sendo avaliada quanto ao seu potencial terapêutico frente a diversas infecções fúngicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia in vivo da terbinafina e itraconazol em um modelo de esporotricose experimental sistêmica. 120 ratos Wistar receberam uma injeção de 2x10³ células de S. schenckii pela veia lateral da cauda. Após 3 dias os animais foram tratados com terbinafina (250mg/kg) e itraconazol (100mg/kg) e os seus respectivos diluentes. No modelo experimental estudado, a terbinafina e itraconazol se mostraram efetivos reduzindo o número de sintomas clínicos e retroisolamento positivo para o agente. Houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos tratados com os antifúngicos em relação aos grupos controle (p

We describe a case report of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis as the initial presentation of AIDS in a 24-year-old HIV-positive male patient. He presented multiple ulcerated skin lesions distributed over the face, thorax, legs and arms. Biopsy of one of the cutaneous lesions was suggestive of sporotrichosis and culture isolated Sporothrix schenckii. Itraconazole was started and the lesions progressively resolved after 15 days of medication. The patient was discharged with this medication but he did not return for follow-up. He died three months later in another hospital. Therapy of sporotrichosis in HIV-infected patients remains unclear and the response to therapy is variable. Itraconazole is highly concentrated in the skin and is one of the options for treatment of disseminated sporotrichosis.Descrevemos um relato de caso de esporotricose cutânea disseminada como apresentação inicial de AIDS em um paciente masculino de 24 anos HIV positivo. Ele apresentava múltiplas lesões cutâneas ulceradas, distribuídas na face, tórax, pernas e braços. A biopsia de uma das lesões cutâneas foi sugestiva de esporotricose e a cultura revelou Sporothrix schenckii. Foi iniciado o tratamento com itraconazol e as lesões progressivamente involuiram depois de 15 dias de medicação. O paciente teve alta com tratamento ambulatorial, mas não retornou para seguimento. Ele morreu três meses depois em outro hospital. O tratamento da esporotricose em pacientes HIV positivos ainda não está estabelecido. Por sua boa penetração cutânea, o itraconazol é uma das melhores opções para formas disseminadas de esporotricose.

BACKGROUND: The standard methodology for determining the antifungal sensitivity against the Sporothrix schenckii complex recommends the use of the 1640 Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium (RPMI) buffered with morpholinepropanolsulfonic acid (MOPS). However, while this is a high-cost medium which requires a laborious implementation and sterilization by filtration, the Sabouraud dextrose broth is a low-cost medium, widely used in mycology, sterilized by autoclave. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the Sabouraud dextrose broth culture medium as a substitute for the RPMI 1640-MOPS in determining the antifungal sensitivity of S. schenckii. METHODS: Forty-eight clinical isolates were evaluated against five antifungal agents: itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and terbinafine, using the method of broth microdilution advocated by the M38-A2 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations obtained in the two culture media for all the antifungals, with the exception of the amphotericin B. Regarding this drug, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration range obtained were wider for the Sabouraud dextrose broth than for the Roswell Park Memorial Institute morpholinepropanelsulfonic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The Sabouraud dextrose broth showed potential to be used in the in vitro evaluation of the S. schenckii complex antifungal activity. FUNDAMENTOS: A metodologia padronizada para a determinação da sensibilidade aos antifúngicos frente ao complexo Sporothrix schenckii preconiza a utilização do meio de cultura Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 tamponado com ácido morfolinopropanosulfônico (MOPS). No entanto, este meio possui custo elevado, execução trabalhosa e esterilização por filtração. Já o caldo Sabouraud-dextrose é amplamente utilizado em micologia, de baixo custo e pode ser esterilizado por autoclavagem. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho do meio de cultura caldo Sabouraud-dextrose em substituição ao RPMI 1640-MOPS na determinação da sensibilidade de S. schenckii a antifúngicos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 48 isolados clínicos frente a cinco antifúngicos: itraconazol, cetoconazol, fluconazol, anfotericina B e terbinafina, utilizando a metodologia da microdiluição em caldo preconizada pelo protocolo M38-A2 do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas nas Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas obtidas nos dois meios de cultura para todos os antifúngicos, com exceção da anfotericina B. Para este fármaco, foram obtidas faixas mais amplas de Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas para caldo Sabouraud-dextrose do que para Roswell Park Memorial Institute-morfolinopropanosulfônico. CONCLUSÕES: O caldo Sabouraud-dextrose mostrou potencial para ser utilizado na avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica do complexo S. schenckii.

Esporotricose é uma infecção fúngica subcutânea, adquirida por inoculação direta, causada pelo Sporothrix schenckii. Embora a apresentação clássica linfocutânea represente a maioria dos casos, as formas clínicas atípicas e graves têm aumentado em ocorrência. Esporotricose sistêmica e esporotricose cutânea disseminada são variantes raras, usualmente associadas à imunodeficiência celular ou a estados debilitantes. Relatamos o primeiro caso na literatura de lesões molusco-símiles em esporotricose cutaneomucosa múltipla. Os exames micológico direto e histopatológico apresentavam-se ricos em células leveduriformes. Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii and acquired by direct inoculation. Although the majority of cases consist of the classic lymphocutaneous presentation, the frequency of atypical and severe clinical forms of the disease has increased progressively. Systemic and disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis constitute rare variants and such cases are generally associated with cellular immunodeficiency or debilitated states. The present paper describes the first published case of molluscum-like lesions in disseminated mucocutaneous sporotrichosis. Direct mycological examination and histopathology revealed numerous yeast cells.

A esporotricose e uma infeccao subaguda ou cronica, causada por fungos pertencentes ao Complexo Sporothrix. Relato do caso: esporotricose de localizacao nasal foi tratada com iodeto de potassio e como nao se obteve sucesso, reiniciou-se o tratamento com associacao de iodeto de potassio e itraconazol. Porem, ocorreu nova recidiva. As culturas dos exames micologicos foram submetidas a ensaios de atividade antifungica in vitro para auxiliar no tratamento. A terbinafina foi o antifungico que apresentou melhores resultados, por isso, o tratamento foi reiniciado com este antifungico e, apos dois anos do termino do mesmo, nao recidivou. Adicionalmente, ambas as culturas foram comparadas por RAPD, obtendo padroes de fragmentos distintos, indicando que os isolados sao diferentes ou demonstrando um processo microevolutivo do microrganismo. Sporotrichosis is a chronic subacute infection caused by fungi belonging to the Sporothrix Complex. In the present clinical case, nasal sporotrichosis was treated with potassium iodide. This was unsuccessful, and the treatment was restarted with a combination of potassium iodide and itraconazole. This however resulted in a further recurrence of the infection. The mycological cultures were tested in vitro for antifungal activity to assist in treatment. Terbinafine, an antifungal drug, produced the best results and was therefore used for the rest of the treatment course, with no recurrence after two years of its completion. In addition, both cultures were compared using RAPD and different fragment patterns were observed. This indicated that the isolates were either different or indicated a microevolutionary process of this microorganism.

O estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade in vivo do itraconazol e terbinafina no tratamento da esporotricose cutânea experimental. Foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos (TERB20, TERB30, ITRA e CONT) inoculados no coxim plantar esquerdo com 0,2ml de solução contendo 2x103 células de Sporothrix schenckii/ml e tratados com terbinafina (20 e 30mg/kg), itraconazol (10mg/kg) e placebo durante 13 semanas. As lesões do sítio de inoculação foram avaliadas e mensuradas semanalmente, assim como a disseminação das mesmas. Após foi realizada análise micológica e histopatológica. Os resultados demonstraram que os animais do grupo ITRA diferiram estatisticamente em todos os parâmetros avaliados em relação ao CONT. Em relação à terbinafina, não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos tratados e controle. Pode-se confirmar a boa atividade do itraconazol no tratamento da esporotricose e a pouca eficácia da terbinafina nas doses utilizadas, sendo necessários mais estudos com este antifúngico. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo activity of itraconazole and terbinafine for treating experimental cutaneous sporotrichosis. Eighty Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups (TERB20, TERB30, ITRA and CONT). They were inoculated in the left plantar pad with 0.2 ml of solution containing 2x10³ cell/ml of Sporothrix schenckii and treated with terbinafine (20 and 30 mg/kg), itraconazole (10 mg/kg) or placebo for 13 weeks. The lesions at the inoculation site were evaluated and measured weekly, along with their dissemination. Mycological and histopathological analyses were performed subsequently. The results showed that the animals in the ITRA group differed statistically in all parameters evaluated, in relation to CONT. For terbinafine, there were no statistical differences between the treated and control groups. It could be confirmed that itraconazole presented good activity for treating sporotrichosis, while terbinafine was ineffective for this disease at the doses used. However, more studies on the latter antifungal agent are needed.

Itraconazole is currently considered the drug of choice to treat the diverse clinical presentation of sporotrichosis. On the other hand terbinafine by virtue of its excellent in vitro activity is under comparative evaluation for its therapeutic potential for a wide range of fungal infections. In this study, our aim was to determine the in vivo efficacy of terbinafine and itraconazole on a experimental model of systemic sporotrichosis. 120 rats Wistar received an injection of 2x10³ S. schenckii cells by via the lateral tail vein. After 3 days the animals were treated with terbinafine (250mg/kg) and itraconazole (100 mg/kg) and their respective diluents. In our model, terbinafine and itraconazole were effective in reducing the number of clinical lesions and positive organ cultures. There was statistical difference between the groups treated with the antifungals in relation to the control groups (p

The sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. This article describes the first cutaneous and osseous sporotrichosis case in canine in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul. The animal presented crusts and ulcerated lesions, approximately the three years in the nasal plan and right hind-foot, dispneic and apathy. Mycological, histopathological, radiological and hematological diagnosis was realized. The animal was treated by three months with itraconazole, administered orally at a dosage of 10mg/kg, until lesions disappeared. This study alert small animals clinicians for the occurrence of this mycosis in dogs in the region of Pelotas, RS. A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii. Este artigo descreve o primeiro caso de esporotricose óssea e cutânea, em canino, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O animal apresentava lesões ulceradas e crostosas, há aproximadamente três anos no plano nasal e membro torácico direito, dispnéia e apatia. Para confirmação do diagnóstico, foram realizados exames micológico, histopatológico, radiológico e hematológico. O animal foi tratado durante três meses com 10mg/kg de itraconazol, por via oral, obtendo-se a cura das lesões. Este estudo alerta clínicos de pequenos animais para a ocorrência desta micose em caninos na região de Pelotas, RS.

O estudo objetiva determinar a atividade in vitro da terbinafina e itraconazol através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo (NCCLSM27-A2) adaptado para um fungo dimórfico frente a 12 isolados de Sporothrix schenckii, sendo seis de esporotricose felina, três de esporotricose humana, um isolado de cão e dois isolados humanos provenientes do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC). O inóculo e as concentrações antifúngicas foram distribuídas em microplacas, as quais foram incubadas a 35°C por cinco dias, quando foi realizada a leitura da concentração inibitória mínima. A concentração inibitória mínima para a terbinafina variou de 0,055µg/ml a 0,109µg/ml e para o itraconazol de 0,219µg/ml a 1,75µg/ml, sendo que para ambos os fármacos as CIMs entre os isolados do IOC foi de 0,875µg/ml. O estudo demonstrou uma alta suscetibilidade do Sporothrix schenckii frente à terbinafina, necessitando mais estudos que correlacionem os testes in vitro frente ao fármaco com a resposta clínica em pacientes com esporotricose. The study objective was to determine the in vitro activity of terbinafine and itraconazole through the microdilution technique in broth (NCCLSM27-A2), adapted for dimorphic fungus, in relation to 12 isolates of Sporothrix schenckii. Six were from feline sporotrichosis, three from human sporotrichosis, one from a dog and two from human isolates originating from Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. The inoculum and antifungal concentrates were distributed on microplates that were incubated at 35°C for five days. Minimum inhibitory concentration readings were made at the end of this period. The MIC for terbinafine ranged from 0.055µg/ml to 0.109µg/ml, and the MIC for itraconazole ranged from 0.219µg/ml to 1.75µg/ml. For both drugs, the MIC from the isolates from IOC was 0.875µg/ml. The present study demonstrates the high susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii to terbinafine. Further studies to correlate the in vitro susceptibility tests with the clinical response of patients with sporotrichosis are needed.

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii. Este artigo descreve o primeiro caso de esporotricose óssea e cutânea, em canino, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. O animal apresentava lesões ulceradas e crostosas, há aproximadamente três anos no plano nasal e membro torácico direito, dispnéia e apatia. Para confirmação do diagnóstico, foram realizados exames micológico, histopatológico, radiológico e hematológico. O animal foi tratado durante três meses com 10mg/kg de itraconazol, por via oral, obtendo-se a cura das lesões. Este estudo alerta clínicos de pequenos animais para a ocorrência desta micose em caninos na região de Pelotas, RS. The sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii. This article describes the first cutaneous and osseous sporotrichosis case in canine in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul. The animal presented crusts and ulcerated lesions, approximately the three years in the nasal plan and right hind-foot, dispneic and apathy. Mycological, histopathological, radiological and hematological diagnosis was realized. The animal was treated by three months with itraconazole, administered orally at a dosage of 10mg/ kg, until lesions disappeared. This study alert small animals clinicians for the occurrence of this mycosis in dogs in the region of Pelotas, RS.

The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of the essential oil of Origanum majorana Linn. (marjoram), its chemical analysis, and its cytotoxic activity. A total of 18 fungal isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis (n: 17) from humans, dogs and cats, and a standard strain of Sporothrix schenckii (n: 1) were tested using the broth microdilution technique (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute - CLSI M27-A3) and the results were expressed in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). The MIC50 and MIC90 of itraconazole against S. brasiliensis were 2 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50 and MFC90 were 2 µg/mL and >16 µg/mL, respectively, with three S. brasiliensis isolates resistant to antifungal. S. schenckii was sensitive at MIC of 1 µg/mL and MFC of 8 µg/mL. For the oil of O. majorana L., all isolates were susceptible to MIC of ≤2.25-9 mg/mL and MFC of ≤2.25-18 mg/mL. The MIC50 and MIC90 were ≤2.25 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50/90 values were twice more than the MIC. Twenty-two compounds were identified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (CG-FID) and 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol were the majority. Through the colorimetric (MTT) assay, the toxicity was observed in 70-80% of VERO cells between 0.078 and 5 mg/mL. For the first time, the study demonstrated the satisfactory in vitro anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of marjoram oil and further studies are needed to ensure its safe and effective use.