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2. The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

V Toigo, R Piovan, S Dal Bello, E Gaio, A Luchetta, R Pasqualotto, P Zaccaria, M Bigi, G Chitarin, D Marcuzzi, N Pomaro, G Serianni, P Agostinetti, M Agostini, V Antoni, D Aprile, C Baltador, M Barbisan, M Battistella, M Boldrin, M Brombin, M Dalla Palma, A De Lorenzi, R Delogu, M De Muri, F Fellin, A Ferro, A Fiorentin, G Gambetta, F Gnesotto, L Grando, P Jain, A Maistrello, G Manduchi, N Marconato, M Moresco, E Ocello, M Pavei, S Peruzzo, N Pilan, A Pimazzoni, M Recchia, A Rizzolo, G Rostagni, E Sartori, M Siragusa, P Sonato, A Sottocornola, E Spada, S Spagnolo, M Spolaore, C Taliercio, M Valente, P Veltri, A Zamengo, B Zaniol, L Zanotto, M Zaupa, D Boilson, J Graceffa, L Svensson, B Schunke, H Decamps, M Urbani, M Kushwah, J Chareyre, M Singh, T Bonicelli, G Agarici, A Garbuglia, A Masiello, F Paolucci, M Simon, L Bailly-Maitre, E Bragulat, G Gomez, D Gutierrez, G Mico, J-F Moreno, V Pilard, M Kashiwagi, M Hanada, H Tobari, K Watanabe, T Maejima, A Kojima, N Umeda, H Yamanaka, A Chakraborty, U Baruah, C Rotti, H Patel, M V Nagaraju, N P Singh, A Patel, H Dhola, B Raval, U Fantz, B Heinemann, W Kraus, S Hanke, V Hauer, S Ochoa, P Blatchford, B Chuilon, Y Xue, H P L De Esch, R Hemsworth, G Croci, G Gorini, M Rebai, A Muraro, M Tardocchi, M Cavenago, M D’Arienzo, S Sandri, and A Tonti

Subjects
ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now—when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage.

Published
2017
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3. Overview of the design of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors

Author

R S Hemsworth, D Boilson, P Blatchford, M Dalla Palma, G Chitarin, H P L de Esch, F Geli, M Dremel, J Graceffa, D Marcuzzi, G Serianni, D Shah, M Singh, M Urbani, and P Zaccaria

Subjects
negative ions, fusion, neutral beams, ITER, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The heating neutral beam injectors (HNBs) of ITER are designed to deliver 16.7 MW of 1 MeV D ^0 or 0.87 MeV H ^0 to the ITER plasma for up to 3600 s. They will be the most powerful neutral beam (NB) injectors ever, delivering higher energy NBs to the plasma in a tokamak for longer than any previous systems have done. The design of the HNBs is based on the acceleration and neutralisation of negative ions as the efficiency of conversion of accelerated positive ions is so low at the required energy that a realistic design is not possible, whereas the neutralisation of H ^− and D ^− remains acceptable (≈56%). The design of a long pulse negative ion based injector is inherently more complicated than that of short pulse positive ion based injectors because: • negative ions are harder to create so that they can be extracted and accelerated from the ion source; • electrons can be co-extracted from the ion source along with the negative ions, and their acceleration must be minimised to maintain an acceptable overall accelerator efficiency; • negative ions are easily lost by collisions with the background gas in the accelerator; • electrons created in the extractor and accelerator can impinge on the extraction and acceleration grids, leading to high power loads on the grids; • positive ions are created in the accelerator by ionisation of the background gas by the accelerated negative ions and the positive ions are back-accelerated into the ion source creating a massive power load to the ion source; • electrons that are co-accelerated with the negative ions can exit the accelerator and deposit power on various downstream beamline components. The design of the ITER HNBs is further complicated because ITER is a nuclear installation which will generate very large fluxes of neutrons and gamma rays. Consequently all the injector components have to survive in that harsh environment. Additionally the beamline components and the NB cell, where the beams are housed, will be activated and all maintenance will have to be performed remotely. This paper describes the design of the HNB injectors, but not the associated power supplies, cooling system, cryogenic system etc, or the high voltage bushing which separates the vacuum of the beamline from the high pressure SF _6 of the high voltage (1 MV) transmission line, through which the power, gas and cooling water are supplied to the beam source. Also the magnetic field reduction system is not described.

Published
2017
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4. Technical Specification for SPIDER Ceramic Rings procurement PBS : 53.SI.A1

Author

Zaccaria P.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, SPIDER Ceramic Rings, NBTF, SPIDER
Abstract

This technical specification concerns the supply of two Ceramic Rings for the SPIDER experiment hosted in the PRIMA facility located in Padova (I). The Supply includes manufacturing, tests at the factory, delivery and acceptance tests on-site of the two Ceramic Rings. The present document gives a detailed description of the Ceramic Rings to be procured, and requirements for the tests to be performed, cleaning, packaging, transport and delivery on-site. Based on this Technical Specification, the Supplier shall manufacture and test the two Ceramic Rings first at the factory and then on-site. The delivery to PRIMA Site shall also include all the foreseen technical and contractual documentation.

Published
2021

5. Design and testing of ceramic breaks for the electrostatic residual ion dump of the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Zaupa M., Dalla Palma M., Tinti P., Zaccaria P., Graceffa J., Bragulat E., Lopez A., Micò Montava G., Sampedro Durà A., Arrillaga X., Azpiroz X., Carmona J.M., Iriarte M., and Jimenez Aguinaga C.

Subjects
ITER, neutral beam test facility, HNB, dump
Abstract

The operating principle of the ITER heating neutral beam injector ( is based on the acceleration and neutralisation of negative ions . The remaining charged particles after the neutralization process shall be removed by an e lectrostatic residual ion d ump (ERID) in which electrostatic fields are used to deflect the ions that are so dumped onto five water actively cooled p anels delimiting the four channels particle beam In order to realize the electrostatic field, three panels are grounded and the other two are polarised at a negative potential up to 25 kV The electric insulation on cooling pipes between polarised panels and ground is realized by ceramic breaks with 145 mm outer diameter and made of explosion bonded 316L tutanium grade 2 plates that are brazed to an alumina type IV tube ( titanium grade 2 side) and welded to cooling pipes (316L side)side). Alumina ha s excellen t thermal stability, oxidation and corrosion resistance . On the other hand, titanium grade 2 ha s good ductility besides the high strength and l imited mismatch of the c oefficient of thermal expansion with respect to alumina . Nevertheless, large residual str ess es are expected in the brazed joint due to the wide temperature range between solidus temperature (780 °C) of the brazing alloy ( Ticusil® and room temperature Different brazed joint configurations were analyses by means of finite element analysis (FE A)A), by modifying the geometry and the position of the braz ed joint . The involved materials were simulated by bi linear model s of the stress strain curve and with n on linear temperature dependence of thermal expansion coefficients Influence of a 50 µm thic k interlayer made of Ticusil® between alumina and titanium was also simulated in order to reduce the stresses Von Mises criterion was selected to evaluate the st r ess field in the metallic parts while Drucker Prager criterion was implemented to assess the strength of the alumina tube

Published
2021

6. SPIDER, the negative ion source prototype for ITER: first operations with caesium

Author

Serianni G., Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Duteil B.P., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Croci G., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Toigo V.

Subjects
ITER, negative ion source prototype, caesium, SPIDER
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 17MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1MeV D- ions for

Published
2021

7. Work Programme 2021 Intermediate Report 3 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2021

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the Third Quarter of 2021 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2021

8. Work Programme 2021 Intermediate Report 1 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2021

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the First Quarter of 2021 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2021

9. Work Programme 2020 Annual Activity Report ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes all the activities performed during the year, including results and improvements, in agreement with the Work Programme approved by the Steering Committee at the beginning of the year.

Published
2021

10. Work Programme 2020 Intermediate Report 1 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Serianni G., Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the First Quarter of 2020 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2020

11. Functional Technical Specification for procurement of a Drying System for SPIDER Beam Source

Author

Fellin F., Zaccaria P., Dalla Palma M., Zaupa M., and Tinti P.

Subjects
SPIDER Beam Source, F4E-RFX, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, Drying System, PRIMA, NBTF, SPIDER, PRIMA Cooling Plant, RFX
Abstract

This document describes the functional technical specification for the procurement of a portable equipment to dry the hydraulic circuits and components of SPIDER Beam Source as needed for major maintenance and upgrade activities. To be noted that this is a functional technical specification, so the Bidder can adopt or modify the proposed conceptual schemes according to its knowledge and experience. The Supplier shall develop and submit for approval a manufacturing design of the system that fulfils all the functional and specific requirements that are specified in this document. This document is the base for the preparation of procurement order in 2020. If necessary further requirements and requests will be added before issuing the call for tender. Some information highlighted in the text and some data in Tables are to be further verified with specific controls on-site inside the SPIDER Neutron Shield. These verifications are planned during the next short duration SPIDER shutdowns. After verifications an updated version of this document will be issued.

Published
2020

12. Work Programme 2020 Intermediate Report 2 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the Second Quarter of 2020 including; experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2020

13. Work Programme 2020 Intermediate Report 3 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the Third Quarter of 2020 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2020

14. Tests on the VTTJ technique (Vacuum Tight Threaded Junctions) and qualification for the use in ITER

Author

Agostinetti P., Dalla Palma M., Degli Agostini F., Marcuzzi D., Rizzolo A., Rossetto F., Sonato P., and Zaccaria P.

Subjects
MITICA, ITER, VTTJ, NBTF, Vacuum Tight Threaded Junctions, Neutral Beam Test Facility Project
Abstract

A new technique, called Vacuum Tight Threaded Junction (VTTJ), has been developed and patented by Consorzio RFX, permitting to obtain low-cost and reliable non welded junctions, able to maintain vacuum tightness also in heavy loading conditions (high temperature and high mechanical loads). The technique can be applied also if the materials to be joint are not weldable and for heterogeneous junctions (for example, between steel and copper) and has been tested up to 500 bar internal pressure and up to 700 °C, showing excellent leak tightness in vacuum conditions and h igh mechanical resistance. The main advantages with respect to existing techno logies (for example, friction welding and electron beam welding) are an easy construction, a low cost, a pr ecise positioning of the junction and a high repeat ability of the process. Due to these advantages, the new techn ique has been adopted for several components of the SPIDER experiment and it is proposed for ITER, in particular for the ITER Heat and Current Drive Neutral Beam Injector and for its prototype, the MITICA experiment, to be tested at Consorzio RFX. This report gives a detailed description of the VTT J technique, of the samples manufactured and of the qualification tests that have been carried out so far.

Published
2014

15. Single beamlet optics studies and functional optimization of the MITICA accelerator

Author

Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., de Esch H.P.L., Fonnesu N., Gambetta G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Pavei M., Rizzolo A., Sartori E., Serianni G., Singh M., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Trevisan L., Veltri P., Visentin M., and Zaccaria P.

Subjects
MITICA, ITER, HNB, NBTF, MITICA accelerator, Heating Neutral Beam Injector, Neutral Beam Test Facility Project
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (PRIMA) is plan ned to be built at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy). PRIMA includes two experimental devices: an ITER-si ze ion source with low voltage extraction called SPIDER and the prototype of the ITER Heating Neutra l Beam Injector (HNB) called MITICA. The purpose of MITICA is to demonstrate that all th e operational parameters of the ITER HNB accelerato r can be experimentally achieved with reasonable marg in, thus establishing a large step forward in the performances of neutral beam injectors in compariso n with the present experimental devices. The design of the MITICA accelerator, here describe d in detail, has been developed in order to satisfy with reasonable margin all the operational requirements of the ITER HNB. An integrated approach, taking int o consideration at the same time physics and engineer ing aspects, has been adopted throughout the design process. Particular care has been applied also to s upporting and validating the design on the basis of the expertise and experimental data made available by t he neutral beam laboratories of CEA, IPP, CCFE, NIF S and JAEA. The aim of this report is to finalize the design of the MITICA accelerator, by comparing the design co ncepts that were found to be the best performing from prev ious analyses and choose the most suitable one to b e adopted in the MITICA experiment. An optimization p rocess is set up by developing subsequent design solutions through discussion and comparisons of the results of simulations, taking into account the advantages and drawbacks of the different design ch oices. This report presents a the studies on differ ent possible geometries and magnetic configurations for the MITICA accelerator carried out during 2014.

Published
2014

16. Design of a low voltage, high current extraction system for the ITER Ion Source.

Author

Agostinetti, P., Antoni, V., Cavenago, M., de Esch, H. P. L., Fubiani, G., Marcuzzi, D., Petrenko, S., Pilan, N., Rigato, W., Serianni, G., Singh, M., Sonato, P., Veltri, P., and Zaccaria, P.

Subjects
LOW voltage systems, ION sources, ELECTROMAGNETIC fields, CATHODE rays, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), PHYSICS research
Abstract

A Test Facility is planned to be built in Padova to assemble and test the Neutral Beam Injector for ITER. In the same Test Facility the Ion Source will be tested in a dedicated facility planned to operate in parallel to the main 1 MV facility. Purpose of the full size Ion Source is to optimize the Ion Source performance by maximizing the extracted negative ion current density and its spatial uniformity and by minimizing the ratio of co-extracted electrons. In this contribution the design of the extractor and accelerator grids for a 100 kV, 60 A system is presented. The trajectories of the negative ions, calculated with the SLACCAD code [1], have been benchmarked by a new 2D code (BYPO [2]) which solves in a self consistent way the electric fields in presence of electric charge and magnetic fields. The energy flux intercepted by the grids is estimated by using the Montecarlo code EAMCC [3] and the grids designed according to the constraints set by the permanent magnets and by the cooling channels. The interaction of backstreaming ions due to the ionization process with the grids and the Ion Source backplate is investigated and its impact on the project and performance discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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17. Proposal of cooling plant, for SPIDER and MITICA experiments

Author

Fellin, F., Marcuzzi, D., Zaccaria, P., and Agarici, G.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR reactor cooling, *PHYSICS experiments, *NEUTRAL beams, *ELECTRIC potential, *TEMPERATURE effect, *INSTALLATION of equipment, *COST analysis, *CALORIMETRY
Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a proposal of Cooling Plant for two new Neutral Beam experiments called MITICA and SPIDER to be realized in Padova (Italy). A large amount of Power (up to 70MW) has to be removed from in-vessel components and auxiliary systems belonging to these two experiments. Different experimental scenarios (pulse duration ranging from few seconds up to 3600s), requirements for operating temperature, coolant quality and voltage holding are taken into account in this conceptual design proposal. To reduce the radiological risks due to possible presence of activated corrosion products (ACP) in some water cooled components suitable design choices have been analysed. This work was carried out by considering carefully a lot of different aspects like operability, standardization of components, maintenance and repair, optimization of the installed power and the overall costs of the plant. Experiment components with similar requirements are grouped in the same primary circuits where fine temperature regulation, water quality monitoring and calorimetric measurements are the main characteristics. Each primary circuit (PC) is connected to secondary circuits which allow thermal dissipation and, in some cases, also component preheating. Secondary circuits are connected to two large basins the water of which is cooled down by active cooling rejection system such as cooling towers and air coolers. In this way the requirement for impulsive heat dissipation is fulfilled by the water basins allowing to install a less powerful active rejection system and so reducing the total costs. A large effort was done to guarantee good plant integration with the Experiment Main Hall (in which MITICA and SPIDER are located) and other technical supplies, buildings and areas. Other special requirements for stand-alone systems like Draining and Drying System, Pressure Test System and Chemical Control System are also part of this work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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18. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Piergiorgio Sonato, Hitesh Patel, A. Sottocornola, Veena Gupta, B. Raval, G. Rostagni, M. Spolaore, M. Fadone, A. Patel, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Gambetta, M. Recchia, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Brombin, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Zaupa, J.F. Moreno, Giuseppe Marchiori, W. Kraus, P. Tinti, G. Serianni, G. Kouzmenko, Gabriele Manduchi, V. Antoni, A. Zamengo, F. Paolucci, Giuseppe Chitarin, M. Battistella, Tullio Bonicelli, C. Labate, V. Pilard, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, E. Ocello, Roberto Cavazzana, D. Boilson, Vanni Toigo, Barbara Zaniol, Marco Cavenago, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Schunke, M. Urbani, P. Jain, Namita Singh, T. Patton, A. Tonti, R. Delogu, N. Pomaro, A. Rousseau, F. Gasparini, T. Maejima, Naotaka Umeda, Ursel Fantz, H. Dhola, Marco Barbisan, C. Rotti, Lennart Svensson, M. Valente, Simone Peruzzo, G. Gomez, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Bernd Heinemann, Hiroyuki Tobari, Pierluigi Veltri, S. Manfrin, M. Siragusa, Muriel Simon, Luca Grando, Ujjwal Baruah, Silvia Spagnolo, F. Panin, A. Muraro, A.K. Chakraborty, A. Fiorentin, Adriano Luchetta, P. Zaccaria, G. Mico, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, A. Masiello, M. Bigi, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, S. Ochoa, P. Blatchford, Gabriele Croci, Y. Xue, A. Pimazzoni, Piero Agostinetti, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Marica Rebai, B. Chuilon, M. Dan, M. Moresco, L. Zanotto, A. Garbuglia, S. Denizeau, J. Chareyre, S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Ugoletti, Emanuele Sartori, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Dalla Palma, J. Graceffa, M. Boldrin, S. Sasaki, Alberto Ferro, F. Fellin, S. Dal Bello, M. Tardocchi, E. Bragulat, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo, V., Dal Bello, S., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Fiorentin, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Chareyre, J., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Schunke, B., Svensson, L., Urbani, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Garbuglia, A., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L., Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Labate, C., Mico, G., Moreno, J. F., Pilard, V., Kouzmenko, G., Rousseau, A., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Sasaki, S., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Gupta, V., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Cavenago, M., Hanke, S., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., D'Arienzo, M., Sandri, S., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Test facility, ITER, neutral beam injector, PRIMA: the ITER neutral beam test facility (NBTF), SPIDER, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Neutral beam injector, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019
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19. Solutions to fix the shine-through at the hypervapotrons of SPIDER beam dump.

Author

Zaupa, M., Chareyre, J., Dal Bello, S., Dalla Palma, M., Garbuglia, A., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, H., Rotti, C., Schunke, B., and Zaccaria, P.

Subjects
*FINITE volume method, *COPPER, *THERMAL shielding, *UNSTEADY flow, *MECHANICAL loads
Abstract

Abstarct The negative ion source SPIDER produces a beam power that has to be absorbed by a beam dump component made of stacked hypervapotrons. The manufacturing process produced dimension errors that have given rise to a possible shine-through issue. Finite volume models were developed to carry out transient thermal analyses aiming at validating the design of a system made of copper screens to shield the heat loads passing through the beam dump. The evaluation of the best solution was conducted by looking both at the thermal performances and the technical feasibility. The results show the capability of the system to safely withstand the heat power up to one hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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20. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsič, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N.P. Singh, M.J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin, Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), iter, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, nbtf, neutral beam injector, mitica, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics - Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, spider, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities.In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char-acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel-erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor-mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters).Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel-erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning.Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener-ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed.Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed.

Published
2023
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21. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility.

Author

Toigo, V., Piovan, R., Dal Bello, S., Gaio, E., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Bigi, M., Chitarin, G., Marcuzzi, D., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Baltador, C., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., and Boldrin, M.

Subjects
*NEUTRAL beams, *ELECTRON beams, *PLASMA beam injection heating, *POWER resources
Abstract

Substantial progresses have been achieved in the realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) hosted in Padova, Italy; the buildings, completed by the end of 2015, are being progressively filled with new systems and components. The realization of SPIDER, the ITER full-size negative ion source, is well advanced and important progress is also recorded for MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER HNB injector. The paper gives an overview of the achieved results, highlighting the main challenges faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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22. Optimization of the electrostatic and magnetic field configuration in the MITICA accelerator.

Author

Chitarin, G., Agostinetti, P., de Esch, H.P.L., Marcuzzi, D., Marconato, N., Sartori, E., Serianni, G., Sonato, P., Veltri, P., and Zaccaria, P.

Subjects
*ELECTROSTATICS, *MAGNETIC fields, *MATHEMATICAL optimization, *INJECTORS, *PLASMA accelerators, *ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
Abstract

Abstract: MITICA (Megavolt ITER Injector Concept Advancement) is a test facility for the development of a full-size heating and current drive neutral beam injectors for the ITER Tokamak reactor. The optimized electrostatic and magnetic configuration has been defined by means of an iterative optimization involving all the physics and the engineering aspects. The acceleration grids have been designed considering optical performances and mechanical constraints related to embedded magnets, to cooling channels, to the grid stiffness and manufacturability. A combination of “local” vertical field and horizontal “long range” field has been found to be the most effective set-up for ion extraction, beam focusing and minimization and equalization of thermo-mechanical loads and minimal number of electrons exiting the accelerator. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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23. Design, interface development and structural analyses of SPIDER vacuum vessel

Author

Rigato, W., Boldrin, M., DalBello, S., Marcuzzi, D., Tollin, M., and Zaccaria, P.

Subjects
*STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering), *ION sources, *ION bombardment, *POWER resources, *STAINLESS steel, *BEAM dynamics
Abstract

Abstract: In the framework of the activities foreseen for PRIMA (Padova Research on Injector Megavolt Accelerated) the SPIDER experiment plays an essential role with respect to the goal of extracting from an ITER size negative ion source an ion beam aiming to reach 70 A H-, 50 A D- and 100keV of acceleration energy. The SPIDER ion source, the 100keV accelerator, a Short Pulse Calorimeter and a beam dump will be housed inside a vacuum vessel purposely designed for this scope, given the high number of internal and external interfaces between the vessel and the other auxiliary subsystems as diagnostics, pumping, inspection, power supply and cooling. The SPIDER vacuum vessel is a cylindrical vessel made of AISI 304 L stainless steel and composed of four main components: two cylindrical modules (beam source module and pumping module) and two torispherical lids (rear lid and front lid). The whole vessel is approximately 6m long and the internal diameter is 4m. The two cylindrical modules are connected by means of a bolted flange vacuum sealed with Viton® o-rings. The two lids are connected to the relevant cylindrical module by means of bolted clamps. All the vessel modules and lids feature a large number of ports to interface the vessel and the internally hosted systems with the auxiliary subsystems. In particular three large vertical electrical bushings (internal diameter of about 700mm) have been positioned on the beam source module. Each bushing consists of a ceramic ring closed by a metallic flange able to assure vacuum tightness and polarized at −112kV. The bushing positioned on the top of the vessel houses the feedthroughs for power supply and signal cables; the other two positioned on the bottom are dedicated to the inlet/outlet of beam source cooling and gas injection systems. All the vessel modules are mounted on a rail system to facilitate installation and maintenance operations inside the experiment hall. The most important design issues and solutions are presented in this paper together with analyses descriptions and results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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24. Design of a cooling system for the ITER Ion Source and Neutral Beam test facilities

Author

Dalla Palma, M., Dal Bello, S., Fellin, F., and Zaccaria, P.

Subjects
*NUCLEAR reactor cooling, *FUSION reactors, *NUCLEAR reactor design & construction, *ION sources, *NEUTRAL beams, *PHYSICS experiments, *TEMPERATURE effect, *ELECTROLYTIC corrosion, *NUCLEAR facilities
Abstract

Abstract: This paper deals with the requirements, operational modes and design of the cooling system for the ITER Neutral Beam test experiments. Different operating conditions of the experiments have been considered in order to identify the maximum heat loads that constitute, with the inlet temperature and pressure at each component, the design requirements for the cooling system. The test facility components will be actively cooled by ultrapure water realizing a closed cooling loop for each group of components. Electrochemical corrosion issues have been taken into account for the design of the primary cooling loops and of the chemical and volume control system that will produce water with controlled resistivity and pH. Draining and drying systems have been designed to evacuate water from the components and primary loops in case of leakage, and to carry out leak detection. Tritium concentration, water resistivity and pH will be measured and monitored at each primary loop for safety reasons and high voltage holding reliability. The measured water flow rates and temperatures will be used to calculate the exchanged heat fluxes and powers. Flow regulating valves and speed of variable driven pumps will be adjusted to control the component temperatures in order to fulfil the functional and thermohydraulic requirements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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25. The ITER neutral beam test facility: Designs of the general infrastructure, cryosystem and cooling plant

Author

Cordier, J.J., Hemsworth, R., Chantant, M., Gravil, B., Henry, D., Sabathier, F., Doceul, L., Thomas, E., Houtte, D. van, Zaccaria, P., Antoni, V., Bello, S. Dal, Marcuzzi, D., Antipenkov, A., Day, C., Dremel, M., and Mondino, P.L.

Subjects
*PARTICLE beams, *NEUTRAL beams, *TESTING laboratories, *COOLING
Abstract

Abstract: The CEA Association is involved, in close collaboration with ENEA, FZK, IPP and UKAEA European Associations, in the first ITER neutral beam (NB) injector and the ITER neutral beam test facility design (EFDA task ref. TW3-THHN-IITF1). A total power of about 50MW will have to be removed in steady state on the neutral beam test facility (NBTF). The main purpose of this task is to make progress with the detailed design of the first ITER NB injector and to start the conceptual design of the ITER NBTF. The general infrastructure layout of a generic site for the NBTF includes the test facility itself equipped with a dedicated beamline vessel [P.L. Zaccaria, et al., Maintenance schemes for the ITER neutral beam test facility, this conference] and integration studies of associated auxiliaries such as cooling plant, cryoplant and forepumping system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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26. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

A. Fiorentin, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, B. Chuilon, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Recchia, J. Chareyre, Lennart Svensson, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, J.F. Moreno, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Muriel Simon, G. Gambetta, Alberto Ferro, Giuseppe Chitarin, W. Kraus, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, M. Battistella, H. Decamps, L. Zanotto, Y. Xue, C. Taliercio, E. Ocello, V. Pilard, H.P.L. de Esch, J. Graceffa, Bernd Heinemann, Marco Cavenago, M.V. Nagaraju, P. Zaccaria, S. Hanke, M. Boldrin, M. Spolaore, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, P. Jain, M. Siragusa, Marco D’Arienzo, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Bigi, S. Ochoa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Urbani, N. Pomaro, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Tullio Bonicelli, S. Dal Bello, C. Baltador, G. Gomez, Volker Hauer, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Valente, Hiroyuki Tobari, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Hitesh Patel, Vanni Toigo, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Mico, B. Raval, H. Yamanaka, A. Masiello, B. Schunke, Simone Peruzzo, A. De Lorenzi, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Bragulat, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Kushwah, P. Blatchford, Piero Agostinetti, Marica Rebai, T. Maeshima, M. Dalla Palma, M. Moresco, Masaya Hanada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, L. Bailly-Maitre, Nicola Pilan, Emanuele Sartori, Naotaka Umeda, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Piergiorgio Sonato, C. Finotti, A. Patel, V. Antoni, D. Boilson, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, R. Delogu, G. Rostagni, Ujjwal Baruah, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, and Sandri, S

Subjects
Computer science, Nuclear engineering, NBI, PRIMA, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), neutral beam injector, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, MITICA, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, NBTF, General Materials Science, Spider, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Test facility, Mitica, Mechanical Engineering, neutral beam test facility, Injector, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), Realization (systems), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and the start the experimental phase are important tasks of the fusion roadmap, since the target requirements of injecting to the plasma a beam of Deuterium atoms with a power up to 16.5 MW, at 1MeV of energy and with a pulse length up to 3600s have never been reached together before. The ITER NBTF, called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy; it includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER injector and SPIDER, the full-size negative ion source. The realization promoted by the ITER organization is carried out with the contribution of the European Union, channeled through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), of the Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility, the Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFECulham, CEA-Cadarache. The early start of operation of PRIMA experiments is urgent because sufficient experimental time is necessary to face and solve the issues related to the achievement of the desired performance in time for the ITER operation, requiring NBI since the beginning. Substantial progresses have been recently achieved: the buildings construction, begun in October 2012, has been completed by the end of 2015 and the installation of some components has been started since the end of 2014. The SPIDER realization is well advanced: the installation phase is proceeding in good agreement with the general plan; it is expected to be almost completed by the end of 2016. In parallel, the commissioning of the SPIDER power supply (PS) and auxiliary plant systems is being proceeding. Tests at full power and remote control are planned, including also those addressed to reproduce the grid breakdowns and to test the relevant protections. The design of the MITICA injector components was completed in 2015their procurement is being made through a number of tenders, some of them already launched. The HV Power Supply system of the MITICA 1MV accelerator, provided by JADA, was delivered on site in December 2015. The challenging installation of these components, including the step-up transformers and the SF6 gas insulated transmission line, started soon after and will go on throughout 2016. The present phase, with the PRIMA buildings continuously filled with new components, with the installation activities progressing and with also the commissioning and testing phase starting represents a substantial step forward toward the main target. The paper will describe the main challenges the Project Team has dealt during this phase and the important feedback derived for the ITER HNB systems both from the technical and the organizational standpoints.

Published
2017
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27. The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility toward SPIDER operation

Author

J.F. Moreno, A. Zamengo, M. Urbani, P. Zaccaria, C. Baltador, W. Kraus, Alberto Ferro, V. Pilard, M. Spolaore, M. Bigi, H. Dhola, Ujjwal Baruah, Pierluigi Veltri, Gabriele Croci, M. J. Singh, A. Pimazzoni, G. Mico, C. Rotti, E. Spada, Piero Agostinetti, A. Muraro, Gabriele Manduchi, D. Gutierrez, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Battistella, F. Fellin, Marica Rebai, M. Fröschle, Marco Barbisan, Emanuele Sartori, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, S. Dal Bello, M. Simon, V. Antoni, J. Chareyre, Luca Grando, R. Riedl, P. Jain, M. Valente, M.V. Nagaraju, Roberto Pasqualotto, Diego Marcuzzi, Gianluigi Serianni, M. Kushwah, M. Dalla Palma, M. Tardocchi, C. Wimmer, E. Bragulat, Barbara Zaniol, D. Boilson, J. Graceffa, D. Wünderlich, M. De Muri, R. S. Hemsworth, R. Delogu, L. Zanotto, M. Boldrin, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, M. Brombin, Matteo Agostini, M. Siragusa, R. Piovan, A. Patel, B. Raval, Riccardo Nocentini, G. Gambetta, N. Pomaro, Giuseppe Chitarin, F. Paolucci, M. Pavei, Silvia Spagnolo, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Hitesh Patel, M. Recchia, A.K. Chakraborty, Bernd Heinemann, Loic Schiesko, A. De Lorenzi, A. Masiello, A. Garbuglia, M. Zaupa, Vanni Toigo, B. Schunke, G. Gomez, Andrea Rizzolo, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Nicola Pilan, Tullio Bonicelli, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Lennart Svensson, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gambetta, G, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Frã¶schle, M, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Nocentini, R, Riedl, R, Schiesko, L, Wimmer, C, Wã¼nderlich, D, Cavenago, M, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, and Hemsworth, R

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spider, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), Condensed Matter Physics, ITER, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, 01 natural sciences, SPIDER, 010305 fluids & plasmas, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

SPIDER is one of two projects of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility under construction in Padova, Italy, at the Consorzio RFX premises. It will have a 100 keV beam source with a full-size prototype of the radiofrequency ion source for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) and also, similar to the ITER diagnostic neutral beam, it is designed to operate with a pulse length of up to 3600 s, featuring an ITER-like magnetic filter field configuration (for high extraction of negative ions) and caesium oven (for high production of negative ions) layout as well as a wide set of diagnostics. These features will allow a reproduction of the ion source operation in ITER, which cannot be done in any other existing test facility. SPIDER realization is well advanced and the first operation is expected at the beginning of 2018, with the mission of achieving the ITER heating and diagnostic NBI ion source requirements and of improving its performance in terms of reliability and availability. This paper mainly focuses on the preparation of the first SPIDER operations - integration and testing of SPIDER components, completion and implementation of diagnostics and control and formulation of operation and research plan, based on a staged strategy

Published
2017
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28. The PRIMA test facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, A.K. Chakraborty, Vanni Toigo, T. Maejima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, G. Mico, C. Rotti, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, A. Masiello, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Antoni, B. Schunke, J. Chareyre, Gabriele Manduchi, G. Rostagni, P. Zaccaria, Gianluigi Serianni, Y. Xue, Alberto Ferro, M. Valente, M. De Muri, M. Bigi, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, M. Brombin, Hiroyuki Tobari, A. Pimazzoni, M. Kushwah, Simone Peruzzo, Andrea Rizzolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M.V. Nagaraju, M. Recchia, M. Zaupa, H. Yamanaka, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, J.F. Moreno, L. Zanotto, M. Spolaore, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Siragusa, Bernd Heinemann, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, A. Garbuglia, A. Fiorentin, W. Kraus, M. Battistella, Muriel Simon, Francesco Gnesotto, E. Bragulat, Matteo Agostini, E. Ocello, Silvia Spagnolo, S. Dal Bello, Marco Cavenago, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Tullio Bonicelli, P. Blatchford, B. Chuilon, A. De Lorenzi, Piero Agostinetti, J. Graceffa, P. Jain, Marica Rebai, G. Gambetta, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Tonti, M. Moresco, Namita Singh, Lennart Svensson, Ursel Fantz, M. Urbani, M. Boldrin, C. Baltador, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Giuseppe Chitarin, R. Piovan, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Tardocchi, Roberto Pasqualotto, V. Pilard, Pierluigi Veltri, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, F. Paolucci, Hitesh Patel, N. Pomaro, Naotaka Umeda, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Raval, Volker Hauer, A. Patel, Masaya Hanada, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, and Tonti, A

Subjects
Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, PRIMA, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, MITICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutral beam injector, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, 010306 general physics, heating neutral beam injector, Physics, Spider, Test facility, ITER neutral beam test facility, Advanced stage, Injector, SPIDER, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage

Published
2017
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29. Progress in the realization of the PRIMA neutral beam test facility

Author

D. Gutierrez, S. Dal Bello, A. De Lorenzi, M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Graceffa, Emanuele Sartori, V. Antoni, R. Andreani, V. N. Muvvala, P. Zaccaria, G. Gambetta, M. Boldrin, Riccardo Nocentini, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Bigi, A. Fiorentin, L. Fellin, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. Muraro, Mieko Kashiwagi, Piero Agostinetti, Lennart Svensson, Federica Bonomo, Nicolò Marconato, G. Mico, Giuseppe Gorini, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Moresco, M. De Muri, D. Boilson, Alberto Ferro, M. Spolaore, Ashish Yadav, Francesco Gnesotto, Barbara Zaniol, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Battistella, V. Pilard, Marco D’Arienzo, T. Maeshima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Silvia Spagnolo, Tullio Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, Veena Gupta, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Nicola Pilan, E. Ocello, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, P. Sonato, M. Fröschle, N. Fonnesu, N. Pomaro, Vanni Toigo, R. Delogu, F. Paolucci, Adriano Luchetta, S. Hanke, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, A. Maistrello, M. Brombin, Marco Barbisan, A. Coniglio, M. Simon, M. Tardocchi, A. Patel, H.P.L. de Esch, G. Gomez, R. Dave, Andrea Rizzolo, Diego Marcuzzi, H. Yamanaka, E. Bragulat, Pierluigi Veltri, Namita Singh, Atsushi Kojima, A. Thakkar, M. Zaupa, Ursel Fantz, M. Valente, Luca Grando, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Hiroyuki Tobari, D. Parmar, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Recchia, R. Riedl, Bernd Heinemann, P. Franzen, C. Rotti, G. Rostagni, G. Roopesh, J.F. Moreno, P. Blatchford, W. Kraus, R.S. Hemsworth, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Zanotto, Naotaka Umeda, Masaya Hanada, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Christopher D. Hardie, Gabriele Manduchi, Gianluigi Serianni, A. Masiello, B. Chuilon, Hitesh Patel, Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, and Zaupa, M

Subjects
ITER, negative neutral beam, PRIMA test facility, RF ion source, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium ions, RF ion source, ITER, negative neutral beam, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Realization (systems), Beam (structure), PRIMA test facility, media_common
Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions, to deliver to the plasma a power of about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary to setup a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility. The Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. Presently, the assembly of SPIDER is on-going and the MITICA design is being completed. The paper gives a general overview of the test facility and of the status of development of the MITICA and SPIDER main components at this important stage of the overall development; then it focuses on the latest and most critical issues, regarding both physics and technology, describing the identified solutions.

Published
2015
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