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Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article «International mediation - the art of resolving and managing international conflicts» examines the role of mediation in international conflict resolution. The authors analyse the principles and methods used in international mediation and examine examples of successful cases where mediation has facilitated an amicable agreement. The paper highlights the peculiarities of international conflicts, which are different from internal conflicts, and justifies the importance of the use of mediation in such situations. It also provides an overview of international organisations that are involved in mediation and mediation in different regions of the world. The paper emphasises that international mediation requires specific skills and approaches, taking into account different cultural, political and historical contexts. The authors discuss the importance of the involvement of independent mediators who have the necessary expertise and the trust of all parties to the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the evolution of international law and international relations in the context of globalization. At the same time this process encounters difficulties and contradictions observed by the authors. The article discusses new problems of international law which arise from globalization. This article is an attempt to study the relationship between international law and international relations, taking into account national and international aspects. Drastic changes in the economic, political, military and environmental spheres had a major impact on both the state and the relationships between them. In recent decades, against the background of global concerns and challenges of the booming cross-border context, new forms of cooperation can be observed. In the context of globalization the functions of international law, currently supplemented with a commercial function, have also changed. In addition, the article considers a new direction of development of international law - international development law. The international documents in which it was embodied are studied. The authors come to the conclusion that the all-encompassing nature of globalization has influenced primarily state sovereignty characteristics and preconditions the need to further improve international legal norms and institutions.

Copyright of Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article dwells upon the political and juridical analysis of the territorial dispute between Bolivia and Chile. There was conducted the analysis of Bolivian lawsuit against Chile in the International Court of Justice, were pointed out the peculiarities of the case, were subjected to analysis the positions of the two countries towards the dispute The author makes conclusions about the prospects of resolution of the dispute and its contribution to the international law

The aim of the present Article is to analyze the inaction between the state and financial organizations on the example of one of the exterritorial acts - FATCA-Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. For the first time ever the present article analyses the conflict between international law and global law basing on FATCA: in fact FATCA-local law of the US - shall be applied on the territories of other countries. The article specifies that FATCA is not a precedent. The author researches on FATCA provisions, on their applicability in the Russian Federation, the change of attitude of Russian officials to FATCA, makes a conclusion on the legal bases to apply the exterritorial law in Russia. Another result of the present Article is in the substantiation by the author of the conclusion that application of FATCA in Russia may be considered as a violence of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, which means superiority and independence of the state power, legislative, executive and judicial power of the Russian Federation and independence of the state in the international relations. General, specific and particular research methods are used in the Article, including systemic, comparative, historical and juridical research methods. The practical value of the article is in the possibility to apply its main provisions and results in scientific and academic activities while waiting practical results of deoffshorising of Russian economy and during the course of anti-money laundering.

There are some groups of norms in International Law, which have no general opinion on their nature. Exactly-whether they may be named as the branches of International Law. International Transport Law (ITL) is among them. The authors of the present article systematized corresponding criterions on the examples of some "of no doubt" brunches of International Law and supposed that the reader will decide himself in what degree these criterions may be used to the ITL and, correspondingly, whether it may be qualified as the brunch of International law.

A lot of publications, devoted to international sanctions, appeared at the beginning of XXI century. Still, in connection with the recent "sanction events" in the international life, it is necessary to devote them the additional judgment, point of view. Especially because in respect to Russia they are of political nature, which is underlined by the "sanctionaries" themselves. The judged should be both the nature and the form of corresponding sanctions as well as perspectives of their stability in the future development of contemporary international law, which is often named "new" in a certain respect under the influence of the sanction mechanism discussed.

Modern international security is a heterogeneous sphere that includes both state and nonstate actors. Legal status of some non-state actors is not always clear. This can be attributed mostly to the dynamics of the global processes. The emergence of new actors, their fast transformation and shift from old forms of activity to the new ones often outpace political and legal assessment of their nature, the impact on some other international trends and the implications of their use that may arise. States and international organizations together with business and non-governmental foundations have started to turn to private security actors more frequently. The fact that traditional methods of state violence are complemented by non-traditional forms influences the idea of violence in the society at large. The efficiency of non-state security actors and the speed they provide services with sometimes exceed the ones of civil servants' and outmaneuver state machine. However these advantages do not contribute to the legitimacy of these non-state actors. As a result during a certain period of time, sometimes a significant one, new actors perform having just a partial legitimacy and a vague accoun tability. Various approaches towards regulation of the abovementioned actors within the framework of national and regional legislation clarify their status in a way. But these measures are not enough for them to obtain legal status under the International Law so far. To address the problem a complex approach that would combine the existing International Law mechanisms with the developing self-regulation methods is needed.

The relevance and novelty of the research, the structure and content of the book is estimated in the review. Particular attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the four chapters of the book; in particular, the author’s conclusions are presented for each of the paragraphs. The conclusion about the meaning of the book from theoretical and practical points of view and possible role in Russian science of international law is made.

The review evaluated the relevance and timeliness of publication of the book given the importance of the combating illegal fishing. Marked uniqueness, which lies in the latitude of the analysis of different objects of study. It is emphasized that the book addresses the most pressing problems of combating illegal fishing of marine living resources in the Global Ocean. According to the reviewer, the consideration of the international treaties containing standards on combating illegal fishing and acts of a recommendatory nature is of great importance, as well as the activities of international organizations. According to the results it is concluded that the book is a complete and accomplished scientific work of importance to Russian science of international law.

The article contains the original author’s conception of Global Law and Global Normative System which takes into account in complex the whole line of juridical phenomena under conditions of Globalization. The Global Law appears as indissoluble unity of international law and national law systems in which aroused law blocs named supranational law and transnational law - all of them it’s Global Law System. It includes also the mechanisms of law regulations, law-consciousness on every level, functioning law regimes and so on. Global Law System is hierarchical, structurally organized in definite mode, although it is under initial stage of forming. The States of west civilization type govern deliberately by the evolution of Global Law System in its interests exclusively, intending the supremacy of west (Anglo-Saxon) civilization in globalized World Order of XXI siecle. Global Law System is part of vaster Global Normative System.

As a matter of response to globalisation processes glocalisation or manifestation of regionalism in all spheres of social life is a tendency predetermining development of international relations and international law at the current stage. Despite issues that catalyzed development of economic regionalism and its forms are dealt with in a considerable number of works, universal (objective) definition of “economic regionalism” is unknown to legal science. This article covers contemporary approaches to defining “regionalism” and “economic regionalism” in particular, predominant from the author’s perspective based on their analysis attempts to develop a universal definition of economic regionalism.

Russian school of International law played a pivotal role in the formation of the international legal order and the science of the contemporary international law. Underestimation of the doctrine of international law of professor F.F.Martens accompanied the history of international relations and international legal foundations of the modern world. The legacy of the school of professor F.F.Martens, the greatest lawyer and the talented diplomat of Russia, can be perceived as a legal instrument to resist the today’s issues of international law fragmentation, legal nihilism and marginalization of the role of international legal norms in international relations.

The article is devoted to the coup d’etat in Kiev in February 2014. The fact is totally ignored in relevant documents of the US President and in the EU documents. The consequences of the coup d’etat in Kiev was its recognition as legitimate by one part of the population in Kiev and in the western and central regions of the former Ukraine and non-recognition by another part of the population - in south-east regions, Donbas and Lugansk. The military attempts of Kiev to subdue Donbas and Lugansk population to new authorities of Kiev is qualified as illegal. Peaceful legal arrangements between new authorities of Kiev and Donetsk and Lugansk Peoples Republics are suggested.

Copyright of Philosophy of Law & General Theory of Law / Filosofia Prava i Zagal'na Teoria Prava is the property of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article looks into the Syria crisis in the context of emerging multipolar, polycentric system of international relations. The author focuses on Washington's attempts to maintain its dominance in world affairs by any means, by consciously destabilizing political situations in certain countries to weaken them and then act according to the "divide and rule" principle. Syria is no exception. In this context, the author lists methods implied before in a number of specific regions aimed at destabilizing situations in different countries and describes specific objectives that the US and its allies are seeking to achieve thereby. The author also shows how these methods have been used in Syria. At the same the article says that objective trends in the world system, including emergence of new centers of political and economic power and, as a consequence, formation of a democratic multi-dimensional system of international relations, lead to a situation when the methods used by Washington to destabilize internal political situations, cease to work properly. The most powerful levers of political, economic, financial and informational pressure lose their effectiveness. In the case of Syria, the new political realities literally "squeezed" Washington into political and legal sphere, and instead of US bombardment of Syria the world saw an agreement on the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons which was carried out under international community control. It is emphasized that these trends will only be strengthened, and multipolar world order will gradually neutralize new Western attempts to destabilize regions for gaining geopolitical advantage. This in turn gives a chance to create an atmosphere for a process of finding a comprehensive political solution to the crisis in Syria, which Russia is currently making efforts to launch.

The problem of using the environment for present and future generations, of course, applies to space activities. Space activity contributes to sustainable development. However, despite the enormous benefi ts this activity also has a negative impact both on the Earth’s biosphere (the earth’s surface, surface and ground water, vegetation, living organisms, atmosphere, the ozone layer), and on near-Earth space. This paper examines national and international legal framework to support sustainable development during space activity. Emphasis is placed on analysis of recent international legal instruments related to space security: «Guidelines for Space Debris Mitigation» (2007) «Framework for the safe use of nuclear power sources in outer space» (2009). Proposed the establishment of a special international instrument to address environmental damage compensation from the rocket and space activities. Expressed caution against extrapolating national environmental legislation on international relations.

Discussed in the article is the question of adoption of International Pact of Human Duties. Investigated are the peculiarities of appearance and development of this concept in historical perspective. Within this context analyzed are the views of philosophers, scientists, public fi gures, corresponding items of the General Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and American Declaration of Human Rights and Duties of 1948, other international - law documents as well as of national legislation (the Constitution of the Russian Federation including).

At the origin of the International Law Department were such eminent scientists, diplomats and teachers as V.N. Durdenevsky, S.B. Krylov and F.I. Kozhevnikov. International law studies in USSR and Russia during the second half of the XX century was largely shaped by the lawyers of MGIMO. They had a large influence on the education in the international law in the whole USSR, and since 1990s in Russia and other CIS countries. The prominence of the research of MGIMO international lawyers was due to the close connections with the international practice, involving international negotiations in the United Nations and other international fora, diplomatic conferences and international scientific conferences. This experience is represented in the MGIMO handbooks on international law, which are still in demand. The Faculty of International Law at MGIMO consists of seven departments: Department of International Law, Department of Private International and Comparative Law; Department of European Law; Department of Comparative Constitutional Law; Department of Administrative and Financial Law; Department of Criminal Law, Department Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics. Many Russian lawyers famous at home and abroad work at the Faculty, contributing to domestic and international law studies. In 1947 the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published "International Law" textbook which was the first textbook on the subject in USSR. S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky were the authors and editors of the textbook. First generations of MGIMO students studied international law according to this textbook. All subsequent books on international law, published in the USSR, were based on the approach to the teaching of international law, developed in the textbook by S.B. Krylov and V.N. Durdenevsky. The first textbook of international law with the stamp of MGIMO, edited by F.I. Kozhevnikov, was published in 1964. This textbook later went through five editions in 1966, 1972, 1981, 1987. In 1994 the International Law Department together with the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs prepared new textbook, reflecting the development of international law in the 1960-1990s. In 2000 "International Law" textbook appeared, which was prepared exceptionally by the Department of International Law at MGIMO. In 2005 "European international law" textbook was published. It became the first textbook in Russian Law studies dedicated to the international legal aspects of interstate cooperation in Europe. Quarterly magazine "Moscow Journal of International Law" has made significant contribution to the development of the MGIMO international law school. Y.M. Kolosov, who is the Honored Scientist of Russia and professor of international law, was the founder of the magazine. He has been its editor in chief up to present.

Russia's cooperation with international community in finding ways of addressing global energy security, serves its national interests on international arena. International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy (IIEPD) was established at MGIMO University in February 2000, in accordance with the decision of the Academic Council of the 30 th of November 1999 and in the framework of an agreement with the International Academy of the fuel and energy complex. IIEPD combines two important aspects of foreign policy studies - energy and diplomacy. For the first time in Russia it launched a multi-level training in the field of energy diplomacy and geopolitics, and international energy cooperation. The immediate cause of the creation of IIEPD was an urgent demand on the part of major government agencies and leading oil, gas and energy companies for specialists with qualifications necessary to address the issues in the international energy cooperation and integration of the Russian fuel and energy sector in the world economy: - Energy Policy and Diplomacy; - International law; - World Economy and Finance; - International Management and Marketing. The idea of creation of the International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy was supported by the State Duma and the Federation Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Economic Development. The Supervisory Board is headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Современная обстановка, характеризующаяся процессами либерализации, глобализации, сокращения военных потенциалов, привела к быстрому увеличению числа частных военных и охранных предприятий (ЧВОП). В связи с этим возник вопрос о законности их деятельности с точки зрения международного права. В статье рассматриваются текущее состояние и перспективы международно-правового регулирования индустрии ЧВОП, роли и месте России в его формировании. The current situation, which can be characterized by the processes of liberalization, globalization and reduction of defense budgets, resulted in a rapid growth of the number of private military and security companies (PMSС). In this connection, a question arose of legitimacy of their activities from the point of view of international law. The article considers the current status and the prospects of international legal regulation of the PMSC sector and, the role and place of Russia in its formation.

Современная обстановка, характеризующаяся процессами либерализации, глобализации, сокращения военных потенциалов, привела к быстрому увеличению числа частных военных и охранных предприятий (ЧВОП). В связи с этим возник вопрос о законности их деятельности с точки зрения международного права. В статье рассматриваются текущее состояние и перспективы международно-правового регулирования индустрии ЧВОП, роли и месте России в его формировании. The current situation, which can be characterized by the processes of liberalization, globalization and reduction of defense budgets, resulted in a rapid growth of the number of private military and security companies (PMSС). In this connection, a question arose of legitimacy of their activities from the point of view of international law. The article considers the current status and the prospects of international legal regulation of the PMSC sector and, the role and place of Russia in its formation.