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The genus Blepharicera Macquart, 1843 is recorded from Sichuan, China for the first time with the following three new species: B. gengdicasp. nov., B. balangshanasp. nov. and B. kongsicasp. nov., increasing the number of Chinese Blepharicera species to eleven. The new species are distinguished from congeners mainly by their male genitalia. Descriptions and illustrations for the new species and an updated key to Chinese Blepharicera species are presented.

Kelloggina Williston, 1907 is one of the least studied Blephariceridae genera in the world, despite being the most diverse in the Neotropics with 34 species. We provide a catalogue with the 14 nominal species of the genus described by Lane and d’Andretta from the Southeastern Region of Brazil, of which the type-specimens are deposited at the Diptera Collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. There are 60 specimens deposited at this museum, including male holotypes of 14 species and females “allotypes” (paratypes) for seven species. We include male diagnoses and photographs of the holotypes of all species.

Kelloggina edwardsi Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 3) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 184, fig. 4). Hogue (1971: 4). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig. 3): 1 ♂ (# MZ 001866), from Brazil RJ, Itatiaia, Rio Campo Bello, 750 m a.s.l., II/1941, H. Laemmert coll. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 3): General coloration brown. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape brown, pedicel and flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four segments,three basal segments brown, the last one black. Thorax: Pronotum dark brown. Scutum light brown, with 1+1 thin antero-lateral yellow stripes. Scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow,femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m present and complete. Distribution: BRAZIL: RJ (Itatiaia). Remarks: Female unknown., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

Kelloggina gomesi Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 4) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 186, fig. 5). Hogue (1971: 4): Kelloggina gomezi [typographic error]. Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig.4): 1 ♂ (# MZ 006171) from Brazil, MG, Alto Caparaó, Córrego Candeias, 2,100 m a.s.l., XII/1941, Lério Gomes coll. PARATYPES: 1♀ (allotype) from Brazil, MG, Alto Caparaó, Córrego Macieira, 2,200 m a.s.l., XI/1941, Lério Gomes coll.; 1 ♂ from Brazil, MG, Alto Caparaó, Córrego Candeias, 2,100 m a.s.l., XII/1941, Lério Gomes coll; 3 ♂ from Brazil, MG, Alto Caparaó, Córrego Macieira, 2,200 m a.s.l., XI/1941, Lério Gomes coll.; 13 ♂ from Brazil, MG, Alto Caparaó, Rio Preto, 2,400 m a.s.l., XII/1941, Lério Gomes coll. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 4): General coloration yellow. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum yellow. Scutum yellow. Scutellum yellow. Pleura yellow with light brown areas. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m present and complete. Distribution: BRAZIL: MG (Alto Caparaó). Remarks: Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 11 ♂ and 11 ♀ paratypes. 5 ♂ and 2 ♀ paratype were lost during the MNRJ fire. The other 6 ♂ and 9 ♀ were not examined., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on page 10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

Kelloggina willistoni Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 14) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 202, fig. 17). Hogue (1971: 6). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig. 14): 1 ♂ (# MZ006166) from Brazil, RJ, Itatiaia, Rio Campo Bello, 1,800 m a.s.l., II/1941, Raymond C. Shannon & Hugo Laemmert coll. PARATYPE: 1 ♀ (allotype), same data of holotype. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 14): General coloration brown. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and narrowly separated above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum dark brown. Scutum dark brown, with three pruinose stripes in the middle. Scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae yellow, and tarsi light brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m absent, only a stump on M₄ vein. Distribution: BRAZIL: RJ (Itatiaia). Remarks: Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 5 ♂ and 6 ♀ paratypes. Two male and two female paratypes were lost during the MNRJ fire. The other 3 ♂ and 4 ♀ were not examined. Lane & d’Andretta (1956) cited material from Itatiaia, Maromba, 100 m a.s.l., but it is probably an error in altitude number., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on page 18, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

Kelloggina willistoni Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 14) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 202, fig. 17). Hogue (1971: 6). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig. 14): 1 ♂ (# MZ006166) from Brazil, RJ, Itatiaia, Rio Campo Bello, 1,800 m a.s.l., II/1941, Raymond C. Shannon & Hugo Laemmert coll. PARATYPE: 1 ♀ (allotype), same data of holotype. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 14): General coloration brown. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and narrowly separated above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum dark brown. Scutum dark brown, with three pruinose stripes in the middle. Scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae yellow, and tarsi light brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m absent, only a stump on M₄ vein. Distribution: BRAZIL: RJ (Itatiaia). Remarks: Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 5 ♂ and 6 ♀ paratypes. Two male and two female paratypes were lost during the MNRJ fire. The other 3 ♂ and 4 ♀ were not examined. Lane & d’Andretta (1956) cited material from Itatiaia, Maromba, 100 m a.s.l., but it is probably an error in altitude number.

Kelloggina tamoioi Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 10) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 198, fig. 13). Hogue (1971: 6). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig. 10): 1 ♂ (MZ 001868) from Brazil, RJ, Itatiaia, Rio Campo Belo, 750 m a.s.l., II/1941, Hugo Laemmert coll. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 10): General coloration black. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape, pedicel, and flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum black. Scutum black, with three pruinose stripes in the middle. Scutellum black. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora yellow at base and darker apically, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish.Vein m-m absent. Distribution: BRAZIL: RJ (Itatiaia). Remarks: Female unknown. Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 3 ♂ paratypes, but they were not examined., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on page 14, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

Kelloggina shannoni Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 9) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 195, fig. 12). Hogue (1971: 6). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig.9): 1 ♂ (# MZ 006165)from Brazil,RJ, Itatiaia, Cachoeira Simões, 1,150 m a.s.l., II/1941, Raymond C. Shannon coll. PARATYPES: 1♀ (allotype) from Brazil, RJ, Itatiaia, Cachoeira Bonita, 2,100 m a.s.l., II/1941; 6 ♂ from Brazil, RJ, Itatiaia, Cachoeira Simões, 1,150 m, II/1941, Raymond C. Shannon coll; 1 ♂ from Brazil, SP, Salesópolis, Boracéia (EstaÇão Biológica), 1948. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 9): General coloration yellow. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape and pedicel brown, flagellum black. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum dark brown. Scutum yellow, with 1+1 antero-lateral dark brown spots continuous to the pronotum. Scutellum yellow. Pleura dark brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae dark brown, trochanters yellow, femora and tibiae yellow at base and darker apically, tarsi dark brown.Hind tibia with two spurs.Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline,with costal cell yellowish.Vein m-m present and complete. Distribution: BRAZIL: RJ (Itatiaia), SP (Salesópolis, Santo Antônio do Pinhal). Remarks: Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 17 ♂ and 2 ♀ paratypes. Five male and one female paratypes were lost during the MNRJ fire. The other 12 ♂ and 1 ♀ were not examined. Lane & d’Andretta (1956) cited paratypes from: “Campos do Jordão, Eugênio Lefévre (1,200 m. alt.), ii.1953 (Travassos, col.)”, but Eugênio Lefevre train station belongs to the Santo Antônio do Pinhal municipality and not to Campos do Jordão municipality., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on page 14, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

Kelloggina guarani Lane & d’Andretta, 1956 (Fig. 6) Lane & d’Andretta (1956: 188, fig. 7). Hogue (1971: 5). Types in MZSP: HOLOTYPE (Fig. 6): 1 ♂ (# MZ006168) from Brazil, SP, Juquiá, Salto do Assungui, 100 m a.s.l., IX/1945, John Lane coll. PARATYPES: 1 ♀ (allotype) and 13 ♂, same data of holotype. Diagnosis: Male (Fig. 6): General coloration yellow. Head: Front and clypeus dark brown. Eyes broadly contiguous and united above; upper portion quite larger than the lower one. Antenna with 14 segments, scape, pedicel, and flagellum brown. Proboscis slightly longer than head. Palpus with four black segments. Thorax: Pronotum orange. Scutum orange, with a broad median and 1+1 lateral brown stripes. Scutellum orange. Pleura brown with large yellow marks. Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellow, femora brown, mid and hind femora with a darker area apically, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Hind tibia with two spurs. Hind last tarsal segment with a bristly basal enlargement. Wing hyaline, with costal cell yellowish. Vein m-m absent. Distribution: BRAZIL: SP (Juquiá). Remarks: Lane & d’Andretta (1956) listed an additional 28 ♂ and 1 ♀ paratypes. Five male paratypes were lost during the MNRJ fire. The other 23 ♂ and 1 ♀ were not examined., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo Henrique & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2021, An illustrated catalogue of the types of Blephariceridae (Diptera) in the collection of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-19 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 on page 10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.61, http://zenodo.org/record/7177059, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. 1971. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.). Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States, n. 8. Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 12 p."]}

The structure of the male terminalia and their musculature of species of tanyderid generaAraucoderusAlexander, 1929 from Chile andNothoderusAlexander, 1927 from Tasmania are examined and compared with each other and with published data on the likely relatives. The overall pattern of male terminalia of both genera is similar to those of most Southern Hemisphere genera, with simple curved gonostyli, lobe-like setose parameres, and setose cerci inconspicuous under the epandrium. Both genera have terminalia similarly rotated by 180° (and 90° as an intermediate stage); rotation may be either clockwise or counterclockwise. However, the similar patterns are realized differently: segment VIII is the decreased and asymmetrical due to completely membranose tergite VIII inNothoderus(the first record of such modification in Tanyderidae), but narrow and symmetrical inAraucoderus. Accordingly, pregenital muscles are very different between the genera. Based on localization of muscle attachment sites, the hypandrial origin of the stripe between gonocoxites is shown in both genera, and entire membranization of tergite VIII and partial membranization of hypoproct is shown inNothoderus. Tanyderidae are characterized by highly specialized sclerites and muscles of male terminalia and provide no evidence of relationship with previously studied members of Psychodidae, Blephariceridae and Ptychopteridae.

Genus Paltostoma Schiner Paltostoma Schiner, 1866: 931. Type species, Paltostoma superbiens Schiner, by orig. des., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Schiner, J. R. (1866) Bericht uber die von Weltumseglungsreise der k. Fregatte Novara mitgebrachten Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 927 - 934."]}

superbiens Schiner, 1866: 931. Type locality: Colombia. HT Sex? (NHMW). Distr.: Colombia (exact locality unknown). Refs.: Schiner, 1866: 931, Schiner, 1868: 27., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Schiner, J. R. (1866) Bericht uber die von Weltumseglungsreise der k. Fregatte Novara mitgebrachten Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 927 - 934.","Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (Ed.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Vol. 2. Abt. I. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien, pp. i - vi + 1 - 388, pls. 1 - 4."]}

medius Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya: 47. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada Alarcona. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada Alarcona, Quebrada La Agudelo, 2.5 km S. El Retiro)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 47., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

inca Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 28. Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, small tributary to south of R��o Unduari, 21.2 km W. Puente Villa. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada La Espadera, 7.7 km E. Medell��n; 3 km N. Palmitas), Valle del Cauca (Quebrada Honda, Pe��as Blancas, 1.800 m)), Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 28., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

charadrae Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya: 18. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, 1km SE. Paso de Boquer��n. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (1km SE. Paso de Boquer��n, 1 2 km W. Piedra Blanca, Guarne, Quebrada La Cascada, 9.1 km E. Medell��n, Quebrada El Treinta, 2 km N. Palmitas), Quind��o (Quebrada Salado, 4 km E. Calarc��)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 18., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

aspergonympha Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya: 14. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada El Treinta and nearby stream, 2 km N. Palmitas. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada El Treinta and nearby stream, 2 km N. Palmitas, 1 km SE. Paso de Boquer��n)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 14., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

saltana Edwards, 1929: 71. Type locality: Argentina, Salta, Quebrada San Lorenzo. LT F des. by Zwick, 2007: 114, (BMNH). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (1 km SE. Paso de Boquer��n), Cundinamarca (R��o Frio, road from Zipaquira to Pacho, 2,900m)), Argentina. Refs.: Hogue, 1971: 8.7; Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 27; Zwick, 2007: 114., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Edwards, F. W. (1929) Blepharoceridae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part 2, Fascicle 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1 - 75.","Zwick, P. (2007) Some net-winged midges from Argentina (Diptera: Blephariceridae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42, 109 - 119.}","Hogue, C. L. (1971) 8. Family Blephariceridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 12.","Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

lichanos Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 39. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada La Hundida, 16.8 km E. Santuario. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada La Hundida, 16.8 km E. Santuario, Quebrada Salado, Quebrada Santo Domingo, 7.6 km S. Porce, 7.6 km W. Porce, 7.6 km W. Porce at km 57, R��o Medell��n, Primavera), Caldas (5 km N. Supia), Cundinamarca (R��o Caqueza, 9 km NW. Caqueza, tributary to R��o Caqueza, 1 km NE. exit of Carrera 78 to Une), Quind��o (R��o Quind��o, 10 km N. Armenia, Boquia, Quebrada Salado, 4 km E. Calarc��), Valle del Cauca (km 23 Cali-Dagua Higway)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 39., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

kolomeros Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 51. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada Alarcona. HT M (LACM). Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada Alarcona). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 51., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

eldorado Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya: 24. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada Piedra Blanca, 12 km W. Guarne. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada Piedra Blanca, 12 km W. Guarne; Salto Tequendamita), Caldas (6 km N. Manizales)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 24., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

Genus Limonicola Lutz Limonicola Lutz, 1928: 67. Type species, Limonicola plurivectis Lutz, by mon., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264

Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H., Santos, Durval Da S. (2016): FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE. Zootaxa 4122 (1): 182-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19

roldani Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 6. Type locality: Colombia, Quind��o, Quebrada Salado, 4 km E. Calarc��. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada Iguan��, Quebrada La Cascada, 9.1 km Medell��n, Quebrada Piedra Blanca, 12 km W. Guare, Quebrada La Espadera, 7.7 km E. Medell��n, Quebrada El Treinta, 2 km N. Palmitas; 1 km SE. Paso de Boquer��n, Quebrada La Hundida, 16.8 km E. Santuario; Quebrada Cadavid, 17.9 km E. Santurio), Quind��o (Quebrada Salado, 4 km E. Calarc��), Valle del Cauca (Quebrada Honda, Pe��as Blancas, 1.800 m)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 6., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

davila Hogue, 1982: 3. Type locality: Colombia, Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, R��o Gallina at Finca California, 1.500m. HT M (ICN), PT (ICN, USNM, BMNH, LACM). Distr.: Colombia (La Guajira (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, R��o Ancho and Higway N�� 2), Magdalena (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, R��o Gallina at Finca California, 1,500m, Quebrada Donama, 5 km NE. Mamatoco, Quebrada Minca, Minca, R��o Sevilla, 8.7 km SW. Palmar), Antioquia (49.9 km E. Marinilla; 7.6 km W. Porce, at km 57). Refs.: Hogue, 1982: 3; Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 47., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. (1982) Description of a new species of net-winged midge (Diptera: Blephariceridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 340, 1 - 10","Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

andeana Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 35. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada La Londo��a, 9.3 km NW. Palmitas. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada La Londo��a, 9.3 km NW. Palmitas, Quebrada La Cristalina, 31 km W. Doradal, R��o Ara��a, 20 km S. La Pintada, 49.9 km E. Marinilla, Quebrada La Habana, 72.4 km E. Marinilla, Quebrada La Habana, 72.4 km E. Marinilla, 78.1 km E. Marinilla, 13 km N. Palmitas, 7.4 km W. Porce at km 54, 5.1 km E. R��o Calderas, Marinilla-Doradal, Quebrada La Hundida, 16.8 km E. Santuario; Quebrada La Cascada, 65.9 km E. Santuario), Caldas (Salto Lucio, 1 km SE. Filadelfia, 6 km N. Manizales, 5 km N. Supia), Cundinamarca (tributary to R��o Sumapaz, km 86 Boquer��n-Melgar Hwy), Tolima (3 km W. Boquer��n)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 35., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

astylis Hogue, 1989, in Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 45. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Quebrada Salado. HT M (LACM). Distr.: Colombia (Antioquia (Quebrada Salado, Quebrada Alarcona, Quebrada El Salado, 24 km E. Santuario), Valle del Cauca (Quebrada Honda, Pe��as Blancas, 1.800 m)). Refs.: Hogue & Bedoya, 1989: 45., Published as part of Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Santos, Durval Da S., 2016, FAMILY BLEPHARICERIDAE, pp. 182-186 in Zootaxa 4122 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/258264, {"references":["Hogue, C. L. & Bedoya, I. (1989) The net-winged midge fauna (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Antioquia Department, Colombia. Contributions in Science, 413, 1 - 57."]}

Aphromyia Courtney, new genus ���Apistomyinae, Mt Andringitra Ampatsikahaitra type I��� Paulian 1953: 434 [brief larval description]. ��� Apistomyiinae ��� Stuckenberg 1958: 7 [brief mention in discussion of Paulianina]. ���unnamed apistomyiine��� Courtney 2003: 704 [photomicrographs of larvae and pupae]. ���unnamed Madagascan blepharicerine��� Stuckenberg 2004: 235 [discussion of colocephaly]. Diagnosis. Larva (instar IV) (Figs. 1 ���3, 7��� 9): Cranium with deep lateral incisions, each extended anteriorly to include eyespots; anteroventral margin with prominent clypeal shield. Antenna two-segmented, with narrow intersegmental membrane. Body onisciform (chiton-shaped), body nearly half as wide as long, compressed dorsoventrally, abdominal divisions at least as wide as cephalic division. Body divisions mostly glabrous dorsally, lateral margins with rows of fan-shaped or obovoid setae. Abdominal divisions laterally recessed at proleg insertions. Prolegs simple, unpaired; seventh pair minute, with single pair of apical bristles. Posterior margin of anal division without prominent setae. Gill filaments five in number. Pupa (Figs. 4 ���6, 10): Broad, oval. Respiratory organ with 4 lamellae, closely bunched at anterior edge of pupa; outer lamellae erect, elongate, tapered to acute point. Proboscis theca not extending beyond base of foreleg sheath. Abdominal tergites set with broad, flattened, dorsal papillae, each set with numerous minute spicules; tergites laterally with numerous parallel grooves. Ventrolateral adhesive organ on each of abdominal segments IV���VI. Adult (Figs. 11���15): Colocephalous, head broad, eyes dichoptic, set with short ommotrichia. Mandibles absent. Maxillary palpus two-segmented. Labellum short, length much less than height of head, without pseudotrachea; labial palpi reduced. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres. Hind legs much longer than fore- and midlegs, with one tibial spur. Wing with costal vein terminating in radial sector; reduced subcostal vein; radial sector with three veins, R 4 + 5 forked; medial sector with single vein, M 1; anal lobe prominent. Etymology. From the Greek terms for ���froth��� or ���foam��� (aphros) and ���fly��� (myia), in reference to the habitat where Dr. Brian Stuckenberg collected adults. Type species. Aphromyia stuckenbergi Courtney by present designation., Published as part of Courtney, Gregory W., 2015, A new genus and species of net-winged midge from Madagascar (Diptera: Blephariceridae: Blepharicerinae), pp. 107-116 in Zootaxa 4052 (1) on pages 108-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/240684, {"references":["Paulian, R. (1953) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. II. Larves de Blepharoceridae [Dipt.]. Memoires de L'institut Scientifuque de Madagascar. Serie E, 4, 431 - 440.","Stuckenberg, B. R. (1958) Taxonomic and morphological studies on the genus Paulianina Alexander (Diptera: Blepharoceridae). Memoires de L'Institue Scientifique de Madagascar, 10, 97 - 198.","Courtney, G. W. (2003) Blephariceridae, Net-Winged Midges. In: Goodman, S. M. & Benstead, J. P. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 702 - 708.","Stuckenberg, B. R. (2004) Labial morphology in Blephariceridae (Diptera: Nematocera): a new interpretation with phylogenetic implications, and a note on colocephaly. African Invertebrates, 45, 223 - 236."]}

Collections of trichomycete symbionts of larval aquatic insects in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and vicinity in the southern Appalachian region of the USA resulted in finding many taxa of Harpellales, including an unusual new monotypic genus, Barbatospora ambicaudata in Simuliidae, and five new species in Thaumaleidae or Chironomidae, Harpellomyces montanus, Smittium lentaquaticum, Sm. minutisporum, Stachylina gravicaudata and St. stenospora. In addition a new species of Amoebidium (Amoebidiales), A. appalachense, attached to the anal tubules of bloodworms (Chironomidae) is described. Axenic cultures of three of the new taxa were obtained, plus Sm. culisetae. Fourteen identified species representing 13 genera of previously known Harpellales are recorded from Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Diptera, as well as a new Dipteran host record for an unidentified harpellid that was found in a Blephariceridae. Also identified were Paramoebidium corpulentum and many undetermined species of Paramoebidium (Amoebidiales) from four orders of aquatic insect larvae. The occurrence of an Enterobryus species in Diplopoda and another Eccrinales from an aquatic beetle is noted. Fil: White, Merlin M.. University of Kansas; Estados Unidos Fil: Siri, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Lichtwardt, Robert W.. Kansas State University; Estados Unidos

Key to males of Blepharicera from China (Lacking of B. uenoi Kitakami) 1. Ventral lobe of outer gonostylus broadened apically, membranous and glabrous (Kitakami, 1937: figs 7, 8).... B. taiwanica - Ventral lobe of outer gonostylus not broadened apically, narrow apically and sclerotized (Figs 3, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 24)................................................................................................... 2 2. Upper division of eyes large, at least 1 / 2 the size of lower division (Figs 12, 21)................................... 3 - Upper division of eyes small, at most 1 / 10 the size of lower division (Figs 1, 6, 16)................................. 4 3. Rs slightly curved medially, a little longer than r-m; eEpandrium rectangular, posterior margin not round; hypandrium triangu- lar in dorsal view, forming a elliptic sclerite in lateral view (Figs 22, 23, 24, 25)......................... B. macropyga - Rs straight, as long as r-m; epandrium semicircular, posterior margin rounded; hypandrium trapezoidal in dorsal view, not forming a elliptic sclerite in lateral view (Figs 13, 14, 15).................................... B. hainanensis sp. nov. 4. Outer gonostylus swollen and slightly notched apically in lateral view (Figs 3, 4, 18, 19)............................. 5 - Outer gonostylus bilobate and strongly notched apically in lateral view (Figs 8, 9)....................... B. dimorphops 5. Each lobe of cercus tapered apically (Fig 3)......................................................... B. asiatica - Each lobe of cercus round apically (Figs 18, 19)............................................................ 6 6. Last flagellomere subequal in length to penultimate flagellomere; posterior margin of epandrium concave medially, V-shaped; cercal lobes conical, round apically (Figs 16, 18, 19)......................................... B. hebeiensis sp. nov. - Last flagellomere 1.5 times as long as penultimate flagellomere; posterior margin of epandrium truncate; cercal lobes semicir- cular (Kiakami 1950: fig 47)................................................................... B. yamasalii, Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on page 422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136.","Kitakami, S. (1950) The revision of the Blephariceridae of Japan and adjacent territories. The Journal of Kumamoto Women's University, 2, 15 - 90."]}

Blepharicera hainana sp.nov. (Figs. 12–15) Diagnosis. Wing light brown, subhyaline; wing with obviously white net-like lines; Rs straight, as long as r-m; base of halter dark brown, apex of haltere black. Epandrium semicircular, lateral and posterior margin rounded, posterior margin slightly concaved medially; cercus transverse, bilobate, each lobe elliptical; outer gonostylus forming a broad semicircular lobe medially, apical part finger-like. Description. Male. Body length 4.3 mm, wing length 4.5 mm, wing width 1.7 mm. Head uniformly dark brown. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Eyes with a row of several long hairs along dorsal margin; vertex with two bunches of long hairs. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division conspicuous; upper division of eye about 1 / 2 as large as lower division; brick-red with pubescences; lower division black with pubescences. Ocelli large, light yellow, prominent. Antenna longer than head width; scape and pedicel short; flagellomeres 1–12 mostly subequal in length, twice longer than wide; antenna uniformly dark brown with short black hairs. Proboscis shorter than height of head, with short black hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, 2 nd– 4 th segments long, fifth segment slender and long, as long as the total length of segments 1–4; palpus brown, with uniformly black hairs. Thoracic dorsum uniformly dark brown; pleuron brown; thorax without hairs. Legs brown, hairs on legs black. Wing (Fig. 13) light brown, subhyaline; wing with obviously white net-like lines, veins brown. Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; Rs straight, as long as r-m; r-m straight. Base of halter dark brown, apex of halter black, with short black hairs. Abdominal tergites mainly dark brown, tergites 2–6 with narrow yellow brown band basally, sternites dark brown; hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 14–15): Epandrium semicircular, lateral and posterior margin rounded, posterior margin slightly concaved medially, with uniformly short hairs; hypandrium trapezoidal, posterior margin wavy, slightly concave medially, with short hairs laterally; cercus transverse, bilobate, each lobe elliptical, with dense patch of hairs apically; outer gonostylus forming a broad semicircular lobe medially, apical part finger-like, with uniformly hairs; inner gonostylus slender and curved; paramere transparent. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfenglingzhiwuyuan, 2007. X. 24, 800 m, Ding Yang; PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality. Remarks. This species differs significantly from the other species on Hainan island, B. macropyga, in the hypandrium not forming a large keel and in the coloration of wings (light brown with obviously white net-like lines). The shape of the male genitalia of this species differs from that of other species of Chinese Blepharicera in the shape of the epandrium (posterior margin round) and cercus (narrow bridge separating two lobes). In other known species, both cercal lobes are near to each other (Kitakami 1937, 1950; Zwick 1990).

Blepharicera macropyga Zwick, 1990 (Figs. 21���26) Blepharicera macropyga Zwick, 1990: 252. Type locality: China, Hainan, Ta Han. Diagnosis. Rs slightly curved medially; Hypandrium forming a large elliptic sclerite in lateral view, margin of sclerite strongly sclerotized, forming a large keel, with long phallus inside; outer gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe finger-like, with uniformly short hairs, ventral lobe board and short, with two branches apically, each with short dense setae. Description. Male. Body length 4.0��� 4.5 mm, wing length 4.0��� 4.5 mm, wing width 1.4���1.6 mm. Head uniformly dark brown. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Head mostly without hairs, except eyes with two long hairs along dorsal margin. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division conspicuous; upper division small, about 1 / 2 as large as lower division, brick-red with pubescences; lower division black with pubescences. Ocelli dark brown, prominent. Antenna longer than head width; scape short, pedicel inflated, with several long hairs medially; first flagellomere two times as long as wide, flagellomeres 2���12 short, last segment two time as long as wide, slightly constrict medially. Antenna uniformly dark brown with black hairs. Proboscis dark brown with black hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, segments 2���4 long, fifth segment slender and long, as long as the total length of segments 1���4; palpus mostly dark brown except base of second and third segment yellow brown; palpus with black hairs. Thoracic dorsum uniformly dark brown; thoracic pleuron brown with silvery surface; only scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Legs mostly brown except coxae and trochanters yellow brown; legs with uniformly black hairs, tibiae without spurs. Wing (Fig. 22) subhyaline, veins brown. Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; Rs slightly curved medially, a little longer than r-m; r-m straight. Halter mostly dark brown except base of halter yellow, with dark hairs. Abdominal segments mostly black, segments 2���6 with narrow pale band basally; hairs on abdomen dark brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 23���25): Epandrium rectangular, posterior margin concaved medially, with uniformly short hairs; hypandrium forming a large elliptic sclerite in lateral view, margin of sclerite strongly sclerotized, forming a large keel, with long phallus inside; cercus bilobate, each conical, with short hairs; outer gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe finger-like, with uniformly short hairs; ventral lobe board and short, with two branches apically, each with short dense setae; inner gonostylus slender and curved. Female. Resembling male. Eyes dichoptic, upper division and lower division separated by a broad band. Material examined: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, CHINA, Hainan, Baishaxian, Yuanmenxiang, Hongmaocunpubu, 2007. V. 21, Junhua Zhang; 2 ♀, CHINA, Hainan, Wuzhishan, Wangjingtai, 2007. V. 16, Junhua Zhang; 2 ♀, CHINA, Hainan, Wuzhishan, Lulinzhandao, 2007. V. 16, Junhua Zhang; 2 ♀, CHINA, Hainan, Baishaxian, Yuanmenxiang, Hongmaocunpubu, 2007. V. 21, Kuiyan Zhang; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Hainan, Changjiang, Bawangling, Dongerzhan, 2007. V. 22, 1000 m, Xingyue Liu; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 2007. V. 25, 800 m, Xingyue Liu; 2 ♂ 3 ♀, Hainan, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, Guanshantai, 2007. V. 29, 600 m, Xingyue Liu; 1 ♂, Hainan, Baishaxian, Yinggeling, Yinggezui, 2009. IV. 17, Dan Zhou; 1 ♂, Hainan, Baishaxian, Yinggeling, Hongmaocun, 2011. XII. 28, Weihai Li; 2 ♀, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, Zhiwuyua? 2007. X. 24, Ding Yang; 1 ♀, Hainan, Diaoluoshan, 940 m, Xingyue Liu; 1 ♀, Hainan, Baishaxian, Mohaocun, 860 m, 2008. IV. 29, Qifei Liu. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on pages 431-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Zwick, P. (1990) Systematic notes on Holarctic Blephariceridae (Diptera). Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 41, 231 - 257."]}

Blepharicera asiatica (Brodsky, 1930) (Figs. 1���5) Blepharicera asiatica Brodsky, 1930: 135 (Blepharocera, as subsp. of fasciata Westwood). Type locality: ���Sailiiski Alatau (Transiliische), Flub Issyk���. Blepharocera kuenlunensis Lackschewitz, 1935: 391. Type locality: ���Sanju-Pass to Sanju Bazar, Karakorum���. Blepharocera tertia Kaul, 1971: 419. Type locality: India. Blepharocera autumnalis Kaul, 1971: 423. Type locality: India. Diagnosis. Upper division of eye about 1 / 10 as large as lower division. Rs straight, as long as r-m. Each lobe of cercus pentagonal, posterior margin tapered medially; outer gonostylus swollen and slightly notched apically in lateral view; inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender, swollen apically, bar-like. Description. Male. Body length 4.0 mm, wing length 5.5 mm, wing width 2.0 mm. Head uniformly black. Ocellar triangle black. Head mostly without hairs, except eyes with a row of several long hairs along dorsal margin. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division unconspicuous; upper division smaller than lower division, about 1 / 10 as large as lower division, brick-red with pubescences; lower division black with pubescences; ocelli brick-red, prominent. Antenna longer than head width, scape and pedicel short, first flagellomere constricted basally, other flagellomeres elliptic; antenna uniformly dark brown with brown short hairs. Proboscis dark brown with brown hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, brown; segments 2���3 long, yellow with brown hairs; segments 4���5 dark brown with brown hairs. Thoracic tergum uniformly dark brown. Thoracic pleuron mostly dark brown except metapleuron brown. Only scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Legs mostly brown except coxae, trochanters and bases of femora yellow brown; trochanters with black spots anteriorly; legs with uniformly short black hairs, fore trochanter with two black long hairs. Tibiae without spurs. Wing (Fig. 2) subhyaline, apically with light brown cloud; veins brown. Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; apex of R 1 slightly rudimentary; Rs straight, as long as r-m; r-m straight. Base of halter yellow, with light hairs; apex of halter dark brown, with short black hairs. Abdominal tergites mainly dark brown except tergites 2���6 with brown band anteriorly, sternites mostly brown, each sternite with light brown band anteriorly; abdomen with short black hairs. Male genitalia (Figs. 3���5): Posterior margin epandrium of concaved medially, with uniformly short hairs; hypandrium rectangular, slightly narrow basally, posteromedial margin concave; cercus bilobate, each lobe of cercus pentagonal, posterior margin tapered medially, with uniformly short hairs; outer gonostylus swollen and slightly notched apically in lateral view, with uniformly hairs; inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender, swollen apically, bar-like; paramere slender, transparent. Female. Unknown. Material examined: 1 ♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan, Danzhu 2007. V. 18, Xingyue Liu; 25 ♂, Yunnan, Gongshan, Dimaluo, 2007. V. 19, 1600 m, Xingyue Liu; 1 ♂, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 2008. IV. 28, 500 m, Gang Yao. Distribution. China (Yunnan; Guangxi); Russia; Afghanistan; Pakistan; India., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kaul, B. K. (1971) Torrenticole insects of the Himalaya 5. Description of some new Diptera: Psychodidae and Blepharoceridae. Oriental Insects, 5, 401 - 434. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1971.10434024"]}

Blepharicera yamasakii Kitakami, 1950 Blepharicera yamasakii Kitakami, 1950: 125. Type locality: China. Diagnosis. Eyes separated by ocellar protuberance; upper division especially small. Rs about 1.5 times as long as rm. Tibial spurs 0-0-0. Epandrium with sparse hairs, posterior margin truncate. Cercus semicircular; hypandrium concave posteriorly; gonostylus apically swollen (Kitakami 1950). Distribution. China (Heilongjiang)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1950) The revision of the Blephariceridae of Japan and adjacent territories. The Journal of Kumamoto Women's University, 2, 15 - 90."]}

Blepharicera hebeiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 16���20) Diagnosis. Compound eyes dichoptic, upper division small, about 1 / 10 as large as lower division. Posterior margin of epandrium concaved medially, W-shaped, lateral margin slightly concaved medially; cercus bilobate, each lobe conical, round apically, with several long hairs. Description. Male. Body length 4.0��� 4.5 mm, wing length 5.5 ���6.0 mm, wing width 1.7���1.9 mm. Head uniformly dark brown. Ocellar triangle brown. Head mostly without hairs, except eyes with two long hairs along dorsal margin. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division conspicuous; upper division about 1 / 10 as large as lower division, dark brown with pubescences; lower division dark brown with pubescences. Ocelli brick-red, prominent. Antenna longer than head width, scape and pedicel short, with several long hairs medially; first flagellomere slightly constricted basally, other flagellomeres cylindrical; antenna uniformly dark brown with short hairs. Proboscis dark brown with brown hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, segments 2���4 long, fifth segment slender and long, as long as the total length of segments 1���4; palpus mostly yellow, 5 th segment yellow brown, with brown hairs. Thoracic dorsum uniformly brown; pleuron mostly brown with yellow plaque; only scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Legs mostly yellow brown except coxae and trochanters yellow; legs with uniformly black hairs, tibiae without spurs. Wing (Fig. 17) subhyaline, veins brown. Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; Rs straight, a little longer than r-m; r-m straight. Base of halter yellow, knob brown with short brown hairs. Abdominal tergites mostly brown, tergites 2���6 with narrow yellow brown band basally; sternites mostly yellow brown; hairs on abdomen dark brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 18���20): Posterior margin of epandrium concaved medially, W-shaped, lateral margin slightly concaved medially, with several long hairs; hypandrium slightly narrow basally, posteromedial margin concave; cercus bilobate, each lobe conical, round apically, with several long hairs; outer gonostylus swollen and slightly notched apically in lateral view, with uniformly hairs; inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender; paramere slender. Female. Unknown Material examined: 1 ♂, CHINA, Hebei, Pingquan, Guangtoushan, 1986. VII. 3, 1200 m, Ding Yang; 11 ♂, Hebei, Xiaowutai, 2005. VII. 1, Hui Dong; 2 ♂, Shanxi, Jiaocheng, Pangquangou, Changlicun, 2011. VII. 10, Qifei Liu. Distribution. China (Hebei; Shanxi). Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to B. yamasakii, but can be easily separated from the latter by the following features: the apical flagellomere is equal in length to the penultimate flagellomere; epandrium transverse, posterior margin concave medially, V-shaped; cercus bilobate, each lobe conical, round apically. In B. yamasakii, the apical flagellomere is 1.5 times the length of the penultimate, the epandrium is transverse with the posterior margin truncate, each lobe of the cercus is semicircular (Kitakami, 1950)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on pages 428-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1950) The revision of the Blephariceridae of Japan and adjacent territories. The Journal of Kumamoto Women's University, 2, 15 - 90."]}

Key to males of Blepharicera from China (Lacking of B. uenoi Kitakami) 1. Ventral lobe of outer gonostylus broadened apically, membranous and glabrous (Kitakami, 1937: figs 7, 8).... B. taiwanica - Ventral lobe of outer gonostylus not broadened apically, narrow apically and sclerotized (Figs 3, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 24)................................................................................................... 2 2. Upper division of eyes large, at least 1 / 2 the size of lower division (Figs 12, 21)................................... 3 - Upper division of eyes small, at most 1 / 10 the size of lower division (Figs 1, 6, 16)................................. 4 3. Rs slightly curved medially, a little longer than r-m; eEpandrium rectangular, posterior margin not round; hypandrium triangu- lar in dorsal view, forming a elliptic sclerite in lateral view (Figs 22, 23, 24, 25)......................... B. macropyga - Rs straight, as long as r-m; epandrium semicircular, posterior margin rounded; hypandrium trapezoidal in dorsal view, not forming a elliptic sclerite in lateral view (Figs 13, 14, 15).................................... B. hainanensis sp. nov. 4. Outer gonostylus swollen and slightly notched apically in lateral view (Figs 3, 4, 18, 19)............................. 5 - Outer gonostylus bilobate and strongly notched apically in lateral view (Figs 8, 9)....................... B. dimorphops 5. Each lobe of cercus tapered apically (Fig 3)......................................................... B. asiatica - Each lobe of cercus round apically (Figs 18, 19)............................................................ 6 6. Last flagellomere subequal in length to penultimate flagellomere; posterior margin of epandrium concave medially, V-shaped; cercal lobes conical, round apically (Figs 16, 18, 19)......................................... B. hebeiensis sp. nov. - Last flagellomere 1.5 times as long as penultimate flagellomere; posterior margin of epandrium truncate; cercal lobes semicir- cular (Kiakami 1950: fig 47)................................................................... B. yamasalii

Blepharicera taiwanica Kitakami, 1937 Blepharicera taiwanica Kitakami, 1937: 124 (Blepharocera). Type locality: China, Taiwan. Diagnosis. Eyes separated by ocellar protuberance; upper division small. Last flagellomere of antenna slightly thicker and shorter than the penultimate. Mesonotum blackish brown. Wings broad, membrane subhyaline except for opaque costal cell and somewhat smoky apical area; Rs about 1.5 times as long as r-m. Tibial spurs 0- 0-1. Epandrium transverse. Cercus slightly bilobate, posterior margin concave. Dorsal lobe of gonostylus black, with dense hairs; ventral lobe broadened apically, membranous and glabrous (Kitakami 1937; Kitakami 1941). Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136.","Kitakami, S. (1941) On the Blephariceridae of Formosa, with a note on Apistomyia uenoi (Kitakami). Memoirs of the College Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 16, 59 - 74."]}

Blepharicera dimorphops Alexander, 1953 (Figs. 6���11) Blepharicera dimorphops Alexander, 1953: 101. Type locality: China, Fukien, Ta-Chu-Lan. Diagnosis. Compound eyes dicholoptic, upper division of eye about 1 / 10 as large as lower division. Base of Rs a little longer than r-m; r-m straight. Outer gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe of gonostylus narrow, round apically, with uniformly hairs; ventral lobe broad, blunt apically, with uniformly short hairs. Description. Male. Body length 4���4.5 mm, wing length 3.5 ���4.0 mm. Head uniformly black, with dark brown hairs. Ocellar tubercle brown. Compound eyes dicholoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division unconspicuous; upper division of eye about 1 / 10 as large as lower division; compound eyes black with pubescences. Ocelli dark brown, prominent. Antenna longer than head width; scape and pedicel yellow brown; base of first flagellomere light brown, other flagellomeres yellow brown; last flagellomere three times longer than wide. Proboscis short, yellow brown. Palpus five-segmented, two times longer than proboscis; first segment short, segments 2���4 long, fifth segment slender and long, as long as the total length of segments 1���4; palpus yellow brown with uniformly brown hairs. Thoracic dorsum uniformly brown. Thoracic pleuron mostly brown, with yellow portion; thorax only scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Coxae and trochanters mostly yellow, except basal 1 / 2 of fore coxa brown; bases of femora yellow brown, gradually darkened apically; tibiae and tarsomeres brown; hairs on legs brown. Wing (Fig. 7) board, subhyaline; veins brown; Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; Base of Rs a little curved, Rs a little longer than r-m; r-m straight. Halter yellow brown. Abdominal segments mostly dark brown except segments 2���6 with yellow brown band basally. Hairs on abdomen brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 8 ���9, 11): Epandrium broad, posterior margin slightly concave, with uniformly short brown hairs; hypandrium slightly narrow basally, broad apically, posteromedial margin concave, with short hairs laterally; cercus bilobate, each lobe conical, with uniformly short hairs; outer gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe of gonostylus narrow, round apically, with uniformly hairs; ventral lobe broad, blunt apically, with uniformly short hairs; inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender, basally broad, without hairs; paramere slender, transparent. Female. Body length 5���5.5 mm, wing length 5.5 ���6.0 mm. Resembling male. Boundary of upper division and lower division conspicuous; upper division flat, reddish brown; lower division black. Proboscis well developed, conical, black. Abdomen gradually tapered apically, cercus yellow (Fig. 10). Material examined: 1 ♂, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Guadun, 1991. V. 7, Hong Wu; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Jianglexian, Longqishan, 1991. V. 10, Hong Wu; 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Dehuaxian, Shuikou, 1974. XI. 6, Jikun Yang; 2 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Dehuaxian, Shuikou, 1974. XI. 12, Jikun Yang; 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Dehuaxian, Shuikou, 1974. XI. 12, Fasheng Li; 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Pikeng, 2010. VII. 20, 500��� 650 m, Xiaoyan Liu; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Dazhulan, 2010. VII. 21, Xiaoyan Liu; 8 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Tongmucun, 2009. VII. 2, Xiaoyan Liu; 17 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Gaoqiao, 580 m, 2009. VII. 12, Xiaoyan Liu; 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Tongmucun, 2009. VII. 18, Xiaoyan Liu; 16 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Wuyishan, Miaowan, 200. VII. 4, Li Shi; 1 ♀, CHINA, Fujian, Nanpingshi, Wuyishan, Yiliping, 2009. VII. 5, Xiushuai Yang; 1 ♂, CHINA, Fujian, Nanpingshi, Wuyishan, Taoyuanyu, 2009. VI. 28, Xiushuai Yang. Distribution. China (Fujian)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on pages 424-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Alexander, C. P. (1953) Undescribed species of Nematocera Diptera. Part III. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 48, 97 - 103."]}

Kang, Zehui, Yang, Ding (2014): Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae). Zootaxa 3866 (3): 421-434, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6

Blepharicera hainana sp.nov. (Figs. 12���15) Diagnosis. Wing light brown, subhyaline; wing with obviously white net-like lines; Rs straight, as long as r-m; base of halter dark brown, apex of haltere black. Epandrium semicircular, lateral and posterior margin rounded, posterior margin slightly concaved medially; cercus transverse, bilobate, each lobe elliptical; outer gonostylus forming a broad semicircular lobe medially, apical part finger-like. Description. Male. Body length 4.3 mm, wing length 4.5 mm, wing width 1.7 mm. Head uniformly dark brown. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Eyes with a row of several long hairs along dorsal margin; vertex with two bunches of long hairs. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper division and lower division conspicuous; upper division of eye about 1 / 2 as large as lower division; brick-red with pubescences; lower division black with pubescences. Ocelli large, light yellow, prominent. Antenna longer than head width; scape and pedicel short; flagellomeres 1���12 mostly subequal in length, twice longer than wide; antenna uniformly dark brown with short black hairs. Proboscis shorter than height of head, with short black hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, 2 nd��� 4 th segments long, fifth segment slender and long, as long as the total length of segments 1���4; palpus brown, with uniformly black hairs. Thoracic dorsum uniformly dark brown; pleuron brown; thorax without hairs. Legs brown, hairs on legs black. Wing (Fig. 13) light brown, subhyaline; wing with obviously white net-like lines, veins brown. Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; Rs straight, as long as r-m; r-m straight. Base of halter dark brown, apex of halter black, with short black hairs. Abdominal tergites mainly dark brown, tergites 2���6 with narrow yellow brown band basally, sternites dark brown; hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 14���15): Epandrium semicircular, lateral and posterior margin rounded, posterior margin slightly concaved medially, with uniformly short hairs; hypandrium trapezoidal, posterior margin wavy, slightly concave medially, with short hairs laterally; cercus transverse, bilobate, each lobe elliptical, with dense patch of hairs apically; outer gonostylus forming a broad semicircular lobe medially, apical part finger-like, with uniformly hairs; inner gonostylus slender and curved; paramere transparent. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfenglingzhiwuyuan, 2007. X. 24, 800 m, Ding Yang; PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Hainan). Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality. Remarks. This species differs significantly from the other species on Hainan island, B. macropyga, in the hypandrium not forming a large keel and in the coloration of wings (light brown with obviously white net-like lines). The shape of the male genitalia of this species differs from that of other species of Chinese Blepharicera in the shape of the epandrium (posterior margin round) and cercus (narrow bridge separating two lobes). In other known species, both cercal lobes are near to each other (Kitakami 1937, 1950; Zwick 1990)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on pages 427-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136.","Kitakami, S. (1950) The revision of the Blephariceridae of Japan and adjacent territories. The Journal of Kumamoto Women's University, 2, 15 - 90.","Zwick, P. (1990) Systematic notes on Holarctic Blephariceridae (Diptera). Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, 41, 231 - 257."]}

Blepharicera uenoi Kitakami, 1937 Blepharicera uenoi Kitakami, 1937: 125 (Blepharocera). Type locality: China, Taiwan. Remarks. This species was described merely from the study of the fourth stage larvae. No specimen was available for the study. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, see Kitakami (1937). Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2014, Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 421-434 in Zootaxa 3866 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3866.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/226444, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136."]}

Philorus emeishanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5) Diagnosis. Hind tibia with one terminal spur. Cercus W-shaped, distal lobes widely separated, each lobe conical with apical margin concave medially. Gonocoxite fused with hypandrium, finger-like, apex with some long stout black bristles. Dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like, with long spiny bristles. Ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate; dorsal portion finger-like; ventral portion basally narrow, apically broad, obtuse, L-shaped. Description. Male. Body length 3.1 mm, wing length 5.1 mm, wing width 2.0 mm. Head (Fig. 2) uniformly brown, except vertex dark brown. Ocellar tubercle brown. Eyes with row of several long hairs along dorsal margin; cheeks with a row of long hairs. Compound eyes dichoptic and undivided, boundary of upper division and lower division inconspicuous. Compound eyes black with pubescences; ocelli large, prominent. Antenna longer than head width, 13 segments; first flagellomere elongate, three times longer than second flagellomere, apically expanded; flagellomeres 2–10 mostly subequal in length; flagellomere 11 elongate, 1.5 times longer than other flagellomeres. Antenna dark brown, except scape, pedicel and basal 1 / 2 of first flagellomere light brown; scape and pedicel with a row of long hairs, flagellomeres with uniformly black hairs. Proboscis as long as height of head, with short black hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, second and third segments long; fourth segment short with middle part concave, half as long as third segment; fifth segment slender, three times as long as forth segment. Palpus yellow, except fifth segment brown. Thorax uniformly brown. Hairs on thorax black; most sclerites without hairs except scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Legs light brown except all coxae, trochanters and bases of femora yellow, coxae with a black rounded spot anteriorly. Hairs on legs black, hind tibia with 1 terminal spur; claws brown, apically slightly curved. Wing (Fig. 3) clear, veins brown; Sc rudimentary, ending near base of Rs; base of Rs shorter than r-m; apex of Rs 5 times longer than r-m; R 4 shorter than apex of Rs; R 5 as long as Rs beyond r-m; bm-cu straight, half as long as r-m; A 1 terminates in wing reaching margin. Base of halter light brown, club dark brown, with black hairs. Abdominal tergites dark brown except tergites 1–6 posteriorly silver, sternites light brown. Hairs on abdomen brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 4–5): Epandrium transverse, broad, dumbbell-shaped, posterior margin concave; sclerite uniformly set with short, black hairs. Hypandrium transverse, posteromedial margin triangular, nearly bare except inner margins each with three long black hairs. Cercus W-shaped, distal lobes widely separated, each lobe conical, with apical margin concave medially. Cercus with black bristles. Gonocoxite fused with hypandrium, finger-like, with long black bristles, apically with some long stout black bristles. Inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender, basally broad, without hairs. Gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like, half as long as gonocoxite, with long dense black bristles; ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate, dorsal portion finger-like, wider than dorsal lobe, with sparse long bristles; ventral portion narrow at base, broad at apex, obtuse, L-shaped, with short hairs uniformly. Female. Unknown Type material. HOLOTYPE: 3, CHINA, Sichuan, Emeishan Mountain, 29 ° 36 ʹN 103 ° 29 ʹE, 1998. VIII. 17, Ding Yang. PARATYPE: 1 3, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Sichuan) Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality Emeishan Mountain. Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to Philorus longirostris Kitakami from Japan, but can be easily separated from it by the distal margin of both lobes of the cercus in middle being slightly concave and the fused finger-like gonocoxite being long, apically with some long stout black bristles. In Philorus longirostris, the distal margins of both lobes of the cercus in middle are not concave, the fused gonocoxite are short and not finger-like and the inner gonocoxal is long and slender (Kitakami, 1931).

Philorus taiwanensis Kitakami Philorus taiwanensis Kitakami, 1937: 122. Type locality: China: Taiwan,Taityu. Diagnosis. Trochanter of foreleg about three times as long as broad. Hind tibia with two spurs different in size. Anterior branch of dorsal lobe of outer gonostylus nearly straight, with a row of black spiny bristles at anterior margin. Distribution. China (Taiwan) (Kitakami, 1937). Remarks. No specimen was available for the study. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, see Kitakami (1937)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2012, Species of Philorus Kellogg from China with description of a new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 61-67 in Zootaxa 3311 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281058, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136."]}

Key to species (males) of Philorus from China 1. Antenna with 13 segments (Fig. 2); hind tibia with 1 spur; anterior branch of dorsal lobe of gonostylus not as below...... 2 - Antenna with 15 segments; hind tibia with 2 spurs; anterior branch of dorsal lobe of gonostylus nearly straight, with a row of black spiny bristles at anterior margin (Kitakami 1937).................................... P. taiwanensis Kitakami 2. Flagellomeres about 1.5 ���2.0 times as long as wide; cercus with distal margin of each lobe concave medially; dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like; ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate, dorsal portion finger-like, ventral portion L-shaped (Figs. 4���5)................................................................................... P. emeishanensis sp. nov. - Flagellomeres about 2.8���3.2 times as long as wide; cercus with distal margin of each lobe rounded medially; dorsal lobe of gonostylus with blunt setose medial projection at base, apex of lobe slender; ventral lobe of gonostylus not bilobate, with base narrow, apex wide and round (Figs. 9���10).................................................. P. levanidovae Zwick, Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2012, Species of Philorus Kellogg from China with description of a new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 61-67 in Zootaxa 3311 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281058, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1937) Supplementary notes on the Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 12, 115 - 136."]}

Key to species (males) of Philorus from China 1. Antenna with 13 segments (Fig. 2); hind tibia with 1 spur; anterior branch of dorsal lobe of gonostylus not as below...... 2 - Antenna with 15 segments; hind tibia with 2 spurs; anterior branch of dorsal lobe of gonostylus nearly straight, with a row of black spiny bristles at anterior margin (Kitakami 1937).................................... P. taiwanensis Kitakami 2. Flagellomeres about 1.5 –2.0 times as long as wide; cercus with distal margin of each lobe concave medially; dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like; ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate, dorsal portion finger-like, ventral portion L-shaped (Figs. 4–5)................................................................................... P. emeishanensis sp. nov. - Flagellomeres about 2.8–3.2 times as long as wide; cercus with distal margin of each lobe rounded medially; dorsal lobe of gonostylus with blunt setose medial projection at base, apex of lobe slender; ventral lobe of gonostylus not bilobate, with base narrow, apex wide and round (Figs. 9–10).................................................. P. levanidovae Zwick

Philorus emeishanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1���5) Diagnosis. Hind tibia with one terminal spur. Cercus W-shaped, distal lobes widely separated, each lobe conical with apical margin concave medially. Gonocoxite fused with hypandrium, finger-like, apex with some long stout black bristles. Dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like, with long spiny bristles. Ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate; dorsal portion finger-like; ventral portion basally narrow, apically broad, obtuse, L-shaped. Description. Male. Body length 3.1 mm, wing length 5.1 mm, wing width 2.0 mm. Head (Fig. 2) uniformly brown, except vertex dark brown. Ocellar tubercle brown. Eyes with row of several long hairs along dorsal margin; cheeks with a row of long hairs. Compound eyes dichoptic and undivided, boundary of upper division and lower division inconspicuous. Compound eyes black with pubescences; ocelli large, prominent. Antenna longer than head width, 13 segments; first flagellomere elongate, three times longer than second flagellomere, apically expanded; flagellomeres 2���10 mostly subequal in length; flagellomere 11 elongate, 1.5 times longer than other flagellomeres. Antenna dark brown, except scape, pedicel and basal 1 / 2 of first flagellomere light brown; scape and pedicel with a row of long hairs, flagellomeres with uniformly black hairs. Proboscis as long as height of head, with short black hairs. Palpus five-segmented, first segment short, second and third segments long; fourth segment short with middle part concave, half as long as third segment; fifth segment slender, three times as long as forth segment. Palpus yellow, except fifth segment brown. Thorax uniformly brown. Hairs on thorax black; most sclerites without hairs except scutellum with dense patches of hairs on anterior margin. Legs light brown except all coxae, trochanters and bases of femora yellow, coxae with a black rounded spot anteriorly. Hairs on legs black, hind tibia with 1 terminal spur; claws brown, apically slightly curved. Wing (Fig. 3) clear, veins brown; Sc rudimentary, ending near base of Rs; base of Rs shorter than r-m; apex of Rs 5 times longer than r-m; R 4 shorter than apex of Rs; R 5 as long as Rs beyond r-m; bm-cu straight, half as long as r-m; A 1 terminates in wing reaching margin. Base of halter light brown, club dark brown, with black hairs. Abdominal tergites dark brown except tergites 1���6 posteriorly silver, sternites light brown. Hairs on abdomen brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 4���5): Epandrium transverse, broad, dumbbell-shaped, posterior margin concave; sclerite uniformly set with short, black hairs. Hypandrium transverse, posteromedial margin triangular, nearly bare except inner margins each with three long black hairs. Cercus W-shaped, distal lobes widely separated, each lobe conical, with apical margin concave medially. Cercus with black bristles. Gonocoxite fused with hypandrium, finger-like, with long black bristles, apically with some long stout black bristles. Inner gonocoxal lobe transparent, slender, basally broad, without hairs. Gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe of gonostylus finger-like, half as long as gonocoxite, with long dense black bristles; ventral lobe of gonostylus bilobate, dorsal portion finger-like, wider than dorsal lobe, with sparse long bristles; ventral portion narrow at base, broad at apex, obtuse, L-shaped, with short hairs uniformly. Female. Unknown Type material. HOLOTYPE: 3, CHINA, Sichuan, Emeishan Mountain, 29 �� 36 ��N 103 �� 29 ��E, 1998. VIII. 17, Ding Yang. PARATYPE: 1 3, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Sichuan) Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality Emeishan Mountain. Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to Philorus longirostris Kitakami from Japan, but can be easily separated from it by the distal margin of both lobes of the cercus in middle being slightly concave and the fused finger-like gonocoxite being long, apically with some long stout black bristles. In Philorus longirostris, the distal margins of both lobes of the cercus in middle are not concave, the fused gonocoxite are short and not finger-like and the inner gonocoxal is long and slender (Kitakami, 1931)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2012, Species of Philorus Kellogg from China with description of a new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 61-67 in Zootaxa 3311 on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281058, {"references":["Kitakami, S. (1931) The Blephariceridae of Japan. Memoirs of the College of Sciences, Kyoto Imperial University, 6, 53 - 108."]}

Philorus levanidovae Zwick et Arefina (Figs. 6���10) Philorus levanidovae Zwick & Arefina, 2005: 348. Type locality: Russian Far East, Khasanski Region. Diagnosis. Gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe with blunt, setose medial projection at base, apex of lobe slender, bent anteromediad, with strong apical bristles; ventral lobe with base narrow, apex wide and round with ventral setae and appendage, appendage with dorsal part flat and ventral part round and setose. Inner gonocoxal lobe, large at base, slender and hooked at apex. Description. Male. Body length 5.3 mm, wing length 6.7 mm, wing breadth 2.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7) mainly dark brown, except gena yellow. Ocellar tubercle black. Hairs on head black, vertex with several long hairs, a row of several long bristles bordering eye on dorsum. Compound eyes dichoptic, boundary of upper parts and lower parts inconspicuous; upper parts especially small, light brown, lower parts large, black; ocellus yellow, prominent. Antenna long, longer than head breath, 13 segments; first flagellomere elongated, 3 times longer than second flagellomere, flagellomeres 2���11 almost equal. Antenna dark brown, except scape, pedicel and basal 1 / 2 of first flagellomere yellow; scape and pedicel with a row of long hairs at middle, flagellomeres with uniformly black hairs. Proboscis yellow with uniformly black hairs. Palpus five-segmented; fourth segment with subterminal swelling; fifth segment elongate and slender, about twice as long as fourth segment. Thorax mainly light brown, except mesoscutum brown. Most sclerites without hairs except scutellum with dense patch of hairs on both sides of posterior margin. Legs yellow brown, all coxae with a black rounded spot anteriorly. Hairs on legs black, fore coxa with a row of three long hairs posteriorly, all coxae and trochanters with long dense hairs anteriorly, hind tibia with 1 terminal spur. Wing (Fig. 8) clear, yellow, veins brown; Sc rudimentary, not ending at base of Rs; base of Rs short, shorter than r-m; apex of Rs long, five times as long as r-m; R 4 shorter than apex of Rs; R 5 as long as apex of Rs; r-m longer than apex of Rs; bm-cu curved, half as long as r-m. Base of halter yellow, apex of halter dark brown, with black hairs. Abdominal tergites mainly dark brown except apex of tergites 1���5 yellow, sternites yellow. Hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 9���10): Epandrium transverse, distal margin slightly concave. Epandrium with black long hairs, particularly bordering concavity near edge. Hypandrium transverse and especially concave at distal margin, distal margin slightly triangular in middle. Hypandrium without hairs. Cercus with V-shaped concavity in distal margin, bilobate, each lobe conical, apex of lobe round. Cercus with uniformly short black hairs. Gonocoxite fused with marginate hypandrium, finger-like, with long black hairs, apex with a row of several long black bristles. Inner gonocoxal lobe clear, large at base, slender and hooked at apex. Gonostylus bilobate, dorsal lobe with blunt setose medial projection at base, apex of lobe slender, bent anteromediad, with strong apical spines; ventral lobe with base narrow, apex wide and round with ventral setae and appendage, appendage with dorsal part flat and ventral part round and setose. Material examined. 1 3, CHINA, Hebei, Wulingshan, 40 �� 43 ��N 117 �� 52 ��E, 2007. VIII. 23, Kuiyan Zhang; 1 3, CHINA, Hebei, Wulingshan, 40 �� 43 ��N 117 �� 52 ��E, 2007. VII. 4, Hui Dong. Distribution. China (Hebei); Russia Far East (Zwick & Arefina 2005). Remarks. This species is recorded from China for the first time. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, also see Zwick & Arefina (2005)., Published as part of Kang, Zehui & Yang, Ding, 2012, Species of Philorus Kellogg from China with description of a new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae), pp. 61-67 in Zootaxa 3311 on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281058, {"references":["Zwick, P. & Arefina, T (2005) The net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of the Russian Far East. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 53 (2004), 333 - 357."]}

143. Crysops Rondani, 1844c: 105. CURRENT STATUS: Unjustified emendation of Chrysops Meigen, 1803; junior synonym of Chrysops Meigen, 1803. New synonymy. FAMILY: TABANIDAE. REMARKS: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “ch” to “c” in the same work. [Crysotoxum] Rondani, 1865a: 141 [1865b: 229]. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803. FAMILY: SYRPHIDAE. REMARKS: The earliest mention of Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 using the spelling “ Crysotoxum ” that we have found in this study is in Heck (1851: xiii), as an incorrect subsequent spelling. In Rondani (1865a) this is either an incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation (by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “ch” to “c” in the same work). We thus follow ICZN Code Article 33.5 in treating this spelling in Rondani (1865a) as an incorrect subsequent spelling., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 66, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1844 c) [Observations des phenomenes periodiques. Phenomenes periodiques naturels. Regne animal. Italie.] Observations de C. Rondani (Parmesan). Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royal des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 17, 104 - 106. [31 December +]","Rondani, C. (1865 a) Diptera italica non vel minus cognita descripta vel annotata observationibus nonnullis additis. Fasc. I. Oestridae - Syrphidae - Conopidae. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 8 (2), 127 - 146. [May] [For dating, see Sabrosky (1961) and Evenhuis (1997: 663).]","Rondani, C. (1865 b) Diptera italica non vel minus cognita descripta vel annotata observationibus nonnullis additis. Fasc. II. Muscidae. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 8 (2), 193 - 231. [May] [For dating, see Sabrosky (1961) and Evenhuis (1997: 663).]","Heck, J. G. (1851) Iconographic encyclopaedia of science, literature, and art. Vol. II: botany, zoology, anthropology, and surgery. R. Garrigue, New York. xxiv + 203 + 502 + 219 + xii + xvi + v + [1] pp. [29 November] [Date reviewed in The Literary World.]"]}

37. Astenia Rondani, 1856: 190. CURRENT STATUS: Unjustified emendation of Asthenia Westwood, 1842; junior synonym of Blepharicera Macquart, 1843. New synonymy. FAMILY: BLEPHARICERIDAE. REMARKS: Name made available as an emendation by virtue of similar spelling changes in two or more names from “th” to “t” in the same work. Asthenia Westwood, 1842 is currently treated as a senior (but invalid) synonym of Blepharicera Macquart, 1843 [teste Zwick (1992: 42)]., Published as part of O'Hara, James E., Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Pape, Thomas & Evenhuis, Neal L., 2011, 3141, pp. 1-268 in Zootaxa 3141 on page 34, {"references":["Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stocchi, Parmae [= Parma]. 226 + [2] pp. [10 September] [Dated from advertisement from publisher in Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung.]","Zwick, P. (1992) Family Blephariceridae, pp. 39 - 39. In: Soos, A., Papp, L. & Oosterbroek, P. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Trichoceridae - Nymphomyiidae. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 520 pp. [20 April] [Dated from Evenhuis (2008 b).]"]}

The male genital tract of Diptera is surveyed, based on whole dissections, with emphasis on nematocerous infraorders and especially the Culicomorpha. The genital tracts of all available nematocerous families are described and illustrated, including, for the first time, those of the families Thaumaleidae, Dixidae, Hesperinidae, and Pachyneuridae, and, as an outgroup, the mecopteran family Nannochoristidae (Mecoptera). On the basis of outgroup comparison, the Diptera + Mecoptera + Siphonaptera share the synapomorphies of accessory gland continuous with the vas deferens and U-shaped vasa deferentia. Further synapomorphies of the male genital tract provide evidence of the monophyly of the Mecoptera + Siphonaptera, Boreidae + Siphonaptera, and the Blephariceridae + Psychodidae + Trichoceridae + Anisopodidae + Brachycera. The Bibionomorpha, Culicomorpha, and Ptychopteromorpha share the synapomorphy of paired, two- to three-chambered accessory gland complexes, with secondary losses in Corethrellidae + Culicidae. It is concluded that there is no convincing evidence for the monophyly of the Chironomoidea. A sperm pump with an ejaculatory apodeme and the absence of a spermatophore are considered to be part of the ground plan of Diptera, but, because of uncertainty as to the identity of the basal lineage within Diptera and the homology of the sperm pump outside of Diptera, the polarity of these features cannot be presently interpreted. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 150, 711–742.

The genus Philorus is newly recorded from the Chinese mainland. One species, Philorus levanidovae Zwick, is recordedfrom China for the first time. Another species, Philorus emeishanensis sp. nov., is described as new to science. The genus Philorus is discussed and a key to the known species from China is presented.