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Pneumolysin (Ply) is an important virulence factor in pneumococcal infection and a conserved cholesterol-binding cytotoxin expressed by all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We previously developed a highly detoxified Ply mutant designated Plym2 by replacement of two amino acids (C428G and W433F), which lost cytotoxicity but retained the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. In the present work, we applied bacterium-like particles (BLPs) as a carrier and immunostimulant for the development of a Plym2 intranasal vaccine, in which the Plym2 protein was displayed on the surface of BLPs. Intranasal immunization of mice with BLP-Plym2 not only induced a high level of serum IgG antibodies but also a high level of mucosal SIgA antibodies in lung lavages. Antiserum induced by the BLP-Plym2 vaccine elicited high-titer neutralization activity which could inhibit the hemolysis of wild-type Ply. In conclusion, the BLP-Plym2 vaccine was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for intranasal immunization to enhance both systemic and mucosal immune responses., (Copyright © 2017 European Federation of Immunological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis an important pathogen accounting for a large number of deaths worldwide. Due to drawbacks of the current polysaccharide-based vaccine, the most promising way to generate an improved vaccine may be to utilize protection-eliciting pneumococcal proteins. Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) are two vaccine candidates which have been evaluated againstS. pneumoniaeinfection in animal models or human clinical trials with encouraging results. In this study, the efficacy of the fusion protein PsaA–PspA, which includes PsaA part and PspA part, in inducing immunoprotective effects against fatal pneumococcal challenge was evaluated in an animal model. PspA part of PsaA–PspA fusion protein contains both family1 N-terminal region and family 2 N-terminal clade-defining region of PspA. Immunization with the PsaA–PspA fusion protein induced high levels of antibodies against both PsaA and PspA, which could bind to intactS. pneumoniaestrains bearing different PspAs.Ex vivostimulation of splenocytes from mice immunized with PsaA–PspA induced IL-17A secretion. Mice immunized with PsaA–PspA showed reducedS. pneumoniaelevels in the blood and lungs compared with the PBS group after intranasal infection. Finally, mice immunized with PsaA–PspA fusion proteins were protected against fatal challenge with pneumococcal strains expressing different PspAs regardless of the challenge route. These results support the PsaA–PspA fusion protein as a promising vaccine strategy, as demonstrated by its ability to enhance the immune response and stimulate production of high titer antibodies againstS. pneumoniaestrains bearing heterologous PspAs, as well as confer protection against fatal challenge with PspA family 1 and family 2 strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]