Author: "I Santos" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Author: Ranjani Venkataramani, Alexander E. Lewis, Joshua I. Santos, Harsha S. Dhondu, and Harish Ramakrishna
Subjects: Adult, Heart Defects, Congenital, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Prenatal Care, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022
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2. Fibrosis quística: patogenia bacteriana y moduladores del CFTR (regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística)

Author: Silvia Y. Vargas-Roldán, José L. Lezana-Fernández, Jorge F. Cerna-Cortés, Santiago Partida-Sánchez, José I. Santos-Preciado, and Roberto Rosales-Reyes
Subjects: Cystic Fibrosis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Humans, Epithelial Cells, Fibrosis
Abstract: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). CFTR is a protein that transports ions across the membrane of lung epithelial cells. Loss of its function leads to the production of thick sticky mucus, where various bacterial pathogens can establish and adapt, contributing to the gradual loss of lung function. In this review, evidence of the molecular mechanisms used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia to survive and persist in the pulmonary environment will be provided. Additionally, new therapeutic strategies based on CFTR function modulators will be described.La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva que se origina por mutaciones en el gen regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística (CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). El CFTR es una proteína que transporta iones a través de la membrana de las células epiteliales pulmonares. La pérdida de su función conlleva la producción de un moco pegajoso y espeso, donde se pueden establecer y adaptar diversos patógenos bacterianos que contribuyen a la pérdida gradual de la función pulmonar. En este artículo de revisión se dará evidencia de los mecanismos moleculares que utilizan Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Burkholderia cenocepacia para sobrevivir y persistir en el ambiente pulmonar. Adicionalmente, se describirán las nuevas estrategias de terapia a base de moduladores de la función del CFTR.
Published: 2022

3. Protein trapping leads to altered synaptic proteostasis in synucleinopathies

Author: Tiago F. Outeiro and Patrícia I. Santos
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Parkinson's disease, Synucleinopathies, Neurite, Biochemistry, Synapse, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Alpha-synuclein, Chemistry, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Proteostasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Synapses, alpha-Synuclein, Synaptopathy, Neuroscience, Intracellular
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in intracellular inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Under physiological conditions, aSyn is found at the presynaptic terminal and exists in a dynamic equilibrium between soluble, membrane-associated and aggregated forms. Emerging evidence suggests that, under pathological conditions, aSyn begins to accumulate and acquire a toxic function at the synapse, impairing their normal function and connectivity. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking aSyn accumulation and synaptic dysfunction are still elusive. Here, we provide an overview of our current findings and discuss the hypothesis that certain aSyn aggregates may interact with proteins with whom aSyn normally does not interact with, thereby trapping them and preventing them from performing their normal functions in the cell. We posit that such abnormal interactions start to occur during the prodromal stages of PD, eventually resulting in the overt manifestation of clinical features. Therefore, understanding the nature and behaviour of toxic aSyn species and their contribution to aSyn-mediated toxicity is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies capable of modifying disease progression in PD and other synucleinopathies.
Published: 2020
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4. Depressive symptomatology, temperament and oxytocin serum levels in a sample of healthy female university students

Author: L, Veiga, E, Carolino, I, Santos, C, Veríssimo, A, Almeida, A, Grilo, M, Brito, and M C, Santos
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, Universities, Depression, Temperament traits, General Medicine, Oxytocin, Oxytocin levels, Young Adult, Depressive symptomatology, Female university students, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, Students, Temperament, General Psychology
Abstract: Background Depressive symptomatology is prevalent among female university students with adverse effects on their quality of life and academic performance. Previous research suggested associations between depressive symptomatology and oxytocin levels and between depressive symptomatology and Temperament Traits. Despite this evidence, to the best of our knowledge no research has studied the effects fboth oxytocin serum levels and temperament dimensions on depressivesymptoms in a healthy sample. The present study aimed to analyse the effect of oxytocin levels and temperament traits on depressive symptomatology in healthy female university students. Methods All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Blood samples were collected between 8 and 8H30 a.m. after 12 h of fasting and between 5 and 8 day of the menstrual cycle and serum oxytocin levels were quantified using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A hierarchical multiple regression model using a stepwise method was conducted to identify predictors of depression. Results Forty-five women aged between 18 and 25 years old (19.37 ± 1.32 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Depressive symptomatology was negatively associated with oxytocin serum levels and "Negative affect" and positively associated with "Effortful control" and "Activation Control". In the final regression model, only oxytocin level was a predictor (B = − 0.090, p Conclusions Our results showed that oxytocin level, rather than personality dimensions, was associated with depressive symptomatology. These results highlight the relevance of the discussion on the use of oxytocin as a biological marker of emotional and social symptoms that characterize depression.
Published: 2022
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5. Histological Grade and Tumor Stage Are Correlated with Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa b (Rank) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers

Author: Raul Gomez, Miguel Á. Tejada, Víctor Rodríguez-García, Octavio Burgués, Ana I. Santos-Llamas, Andrea Martínez-Massa, Antonio Marín-Montes, Juan J. Tarín, and Antonio Cano
Subjects: endocrine system diseases, QH301-705.5, tumor stage, tumor grade, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, RANK, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, epithelial ovarian cancers, immunohistochemistry, RNA, Messenger, Biology (General), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Neoplasm Staging, Ovarian Neoplasms, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Computer Science Applications, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Chemistry, Female, Neoplasm Grading
Abstract: The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) is becoming recognized as a master regulator of tumorigenesis, yet its role in gynecological cancers remains mostly unexplored. We investigated whether there is a gradation of RANK protein and mRNA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) according to malignancy and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical expression of RANK was examined in a cohort of 135 (benign n = 29, borderline n= 23 and malignant n = 83) EOCs. Wild type and truncated RANK mRNA isoform quantification was performed in a cohort of 168 (benign n = 26, borderline n = 13 and malignant n = 129) EOCs. RANK protein and mRNA values were increased in malignant vs. benign or borderline conditions across serous, mucinous and endometrioid cancer subtypes. Additionally, a trend of increased RANK values with staging was observed for the mucinous and serous histotype. Thus, increased expression of RANK appears associated with the evolution of disease to the onset of malignancy in EOC. Moreover, in some EOC histotypes, RANK expression is additionally associated with clinicopathological markers of tumor aggressiveness, suggesting a role in further progression of tumor activity.
Published: 2022
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6. Cytotoxic activity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a cohort of Mexican children with cystic fibrosis

Author: Roberto, Rosales-Reyes, José L, Lezana-Fernández, Joselin Y, Sánchez-Lozano, Catalina, Gayosso-Vázquez, Berenice A, Lara-Zavala, M Dolores, Jarillo-Quijada, María D, Alcántar-Curiel, Nilton, Lincopan, Miguel A, de la Cruz, Ricardo, Lascurain, and José I, Santos-Preciado
Subjects: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Cystic Fibrosis, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcal Infections, Child, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which thick, sticky mucus is produced in the lungs (and other organs) that impairs ciliary clearance, leading to respiratory problems, increased chronic bacterial infections, and decreased lung function. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the primary bacterial pathogens colonizing the lungs of CF patients. This study aimed to characterize the genetic relatedness of S. aureus, its presence in children with CF, and its cytotoxic activity in THP1 cell-derived macrophages (THP1m).Genetic relatedness of S. aureus isolates from a cohort of 50 children with CF was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The VITEK 2 automated system was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) was determined by diffusion testing using cefoxitin disk. The presence of mecA and lukPV genes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and cytotoxic activity of S.aureus on THP1m by CytoTox 96® assay.From 51 S. aureus isolates from 50 children with CF, we identified 34pulsotypes by PFGE. Of the 50 children, 12 (24%) were colonized by more than one pulsotype, and 5/34 identified pulsotypes(14.7%) were shared between unrelated children. In addition, 3/34 pulsotypes (8.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and2/34 (5.9%) were MRSA. Notably, 30/34 pulsotypes (88.2%) exhibited cytotoxicity on THP1m cells and 14/34 (41.2%) alteredTHP1m monolayers. No isolate carried the lukPV gene.Although a low frequency of MRSA and MDR wasfound among clinical isolates, most of the S. aureus pulsotypes identified were cytotoxic on THP1m.La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una enfermedad genética en la que se produce moco espeso y pegajoso en los pulmones (y otros órganos), lo que conduce a problemas respiratorios, incremento de las infecciones bacterianas crónicas y disminución de la función pulmonar. Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos que colonizan los pul-mones de los pacientes con FQ. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la relación genética de S. aureus, su presencia en niños con FQ y su actividad citotóxica en macrófagos derivados de células THP1 (THP1m).La relación gené-tica de los aislados de S. aureus provenientes de una cohorte de 50 pacientes con FQ fue determinada por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). La sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos se determinó mediante el sistema automatizado VITEK 2, y la resistencia a la meticilina (SARM) mediante la prueba de difusión utilizando discos de cefoxitina. La presen-cia de los genes mecA y lukPV se determinó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, y la actividad citotóxica de S. aureus sobre células THP1m mediante el ensayo CytoTox96®.A partir de 51 aislados de S. aureus provenientes de 50 niños con FQ se identificaron 34 pulsotipos por PFGE. De los 50 niños, 12 (24%) estaban colonizados por más de un pulsotipo y 5 de los 34 pulsotipos (14.7%) los compartían niños que no estaban relacionados. De los 34 pulsotipos, 3 (8.8%) presentaron multirresistencia (MDR) y 2 (5.9%) fueron SARM. Además, 30 pulsotipos (88.2%) fueron citotóxicos sobre células THP1m y 14 (41.2%) alteraron su monocapa. Ninguno de los pulsotipos presentó el gen lukPV.Aunque se encontró una baja frecuencia de SARM y MDR en los aislados, la mayoría de los pulsotipos de S. aureus identificados fueron citotóxicos para células THP1m.
Published: 2022

7. Executive summary of the 2020 clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the Philippines

Author: Jonnie Bote-Nunez, Leilani B. Mercado-Asis, Aurelia G. Leus, Arnel S. Chua, Carmela Madrigal-Dy, Christia S. Padolina, Alejandro Bimbo F. Diaz, Lourdes Ella Gonzalez-Santos, Maria Concepcion C. Sison, Ninfa J. Villanueva, Juan Miguel Gil R. Ortiz, Dolores D. Bonzon, Anne Marie Joyce T. Javier, Deborah Ignacia D. Ona, Allan A. Belen, Ma. Lourdes E. Bunyi, Roberta Maria N. Cawed-Mende, Vimar A. Luz, Cecilia Jimeno, Raymond V. Oliva, Marlon B. Manicad, Gabriel V. Jasul, Dan Neftalie A. Juangco, and Marjorie I. Santos
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Philippines, Blood Pressure, Guidelines, treatment and diagnosis/guidelines, Pregnancy, Diabetes mellitus, lifestyle modification/hypertension, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Child, Stroke, Executive summary, business.industry, Middle income countries, Guideline, medicine.disease, hypertension—general, Clinical Practice, Blood pressure, Family medicine, Hypertension, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Kidney disease
Abstract: Hypertension is the most common cause of death and disability worldwide with its prevalence rising in low to middle income countries. It remains to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines with poor BP control as one of the main causes. Different societies and groups worked and collaborated together to develop the 2020 Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines of hypertension arising for the need to come up with a comprehensive local practice guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of persons with hypertension. A technical working group was organized into six clusters that analyzed the 30 clinical questions commonly asked in practice, looking into the definition of hypertension, treatment thresholds, blood pressure targets, and appropriate medications to reach targets. This guideline also includes recommendations for the specific management of hypertension among individuals with uncomplicated hypertension, hypertension among those with diabetes, stroke, chronic kidney disease, as well as hypertension among pregnant women and pediatric populations. It also looked into the appropriate screening and monitoring of patients when managing hypertension, and identification of groups who are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. The ADAPTE process was used in developing the statements and recommendations which were then presented to a panel of experts for discussion and approval to come up with the final statements. This guideline aims to aid Filipino healthcare professionals to provide evidence‐based care for persons with hypertension and help those with hypertension adequately control their blood pressure and reduce their CV risk
Published: 2021

8. Chemotherapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma: Insights from Synchrotron-MicroFTIR and Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering

Author: Gianfelice Cinque, Peter Gardner, Victoria García Sakai, I. Santos, Asha Dopplapudi, Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho, Luís A. E. Batista de Carvalho, A. P. Mamede, Magda Wolna, and Maria Paula M. Marques
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Materials science, Antineoplastic Agents, Bone Neoplasms, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Neutron scattering, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, 0103 physical sciences, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Humans, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Osteosarcoma, 010304 chemical physics, Fatty Acids, medicine.disease, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Neutron Diffraction, Primary bone, Female, Cisplatin, Palladium, Synchrotrons
Abstract: This study aimed at the development of improved drugs against human osteosarcoma, which is the most common primary bone tumor in children and teenagers with a low prognosis. New insights into the impact of an unconventional Pd(II) anticancer agent on human osteosarcoma cells were obtained by synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments from its effect on the cellular metabolism to its influence on intracellular water, which can be regarded as a potential secondary pharmacological target. Specific infrared biomarkers of drug action were identified, enabling a molecular-level description of variations in cellular biochemistry upon drug exposure. The main changes were detected in the protein and lipid cellular components, namely, in the ratio of unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids. QENS revealed reduced water mobility within the cytoplasm for drug-treated cells, coupled to a disruption of the hydration layers of biomolecules. Additionally, the chemical and dynamical profiles of osteosarcoma cells were compared to those of metastatic breast cancer cells, revealing distinct dissimilarities that may influence drug activity.
Published: 2019
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9. Cannabis resin in the region of Madrid: Adulteration and contamination

Author: I. Santos-Álvarez, M. Pérez-Moreno, Pilar Pérez-Lloret, and Juncal González-Soriano
Subjects: biology, Illicit Drugs, Textiles, Contamination, Hashish, biology.organism_classification, Acorn, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Toxicology, Aspergillus, Microbiological contamination, Spain, Odorants, Vegetables, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, Cannabis, Drug Trafficking, Drug Contamination, Plastics, Law, Hair, medicine.drug
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the adulteration and contamination of cannabis resin obtained on the streets of Madrid, in order to establish whether it is suitable for human consumption. A total of 90 samples obtained through street vending in the Region of Madrid (CAM) were analyzed. Our results showed a direct relationship between the shape of the samples (acorn or ingot) and the presence of foreign elements, adulterants and microbiological contamination. Foreign elements were found in 64.7% of the ingot-shaped samples and in 30.2% of the acorn-shaped samples (p
Published: 2019
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10. Crenobalneotherapy for low back pain: systematic review of clinical trials

Author: R, Forestier, A, Fioravanti, T, Bender, I, Santos, F B, Erol Forestier, A, Muela Garcia, and A, Françon
Subjects: Europe, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Mineral Waters, Low Back Pain, Hydrotherapy
Abstract: Crenobalneotherapy is a treatment commonly used in Europe and Middle East. It uses mineral water sometimes combined with different hydrotherapy techniques. Most patients treated in spa centers suffer from low back pain. The purpose of this work is to identify clinical trials on crenobalneotherapy for low back pain. Publication research was performed on Medline, Cochrane, and PEDRO databases. Clinical trials were analyzed for internal validity, external validity, quality of statistical analysis, and quality of collection of adverse events. We present the best level of evidence. Bibliographic research identified 21 clinical trials and the coauthors added 5 references. The 26 trials represent 2695 patients. Some have good methodological quality and allow considering crenobalneotherapy as a potential treatment for low back pain, even if the role of mineral water remains uncertain. The methodological quality of therapeutic trials should be improved. These trials should be analyzed in the future guidelines on low back pain.
Published: 2021

11. BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Author: E. Abahuje, A. Abbas, M. Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud, A. Abdelhady, S. Abdelhamid, H. Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj, B. Abdelqader, T. Abdelrahman, H. Abdou, A. Abdullah, M. Abedua Harrison, E. Abem Owusu, A. Aboalazayem, R. Aboulhosn, S. Abu Oda, A. Abubakar, A. Abutaka, D. Acevedo Fontalvo, S. Acuna, A. Adefemi, S. Adegbola, T. Adenuga, A. Adeyeye, A. Adil Hilmi, A. Adisa, K. Aditya, T. Adjeso, R. Aftab, A. Afzal, V. Aggarwal, A. Aggarwal, R. Aguilera, M. -L. Aguilera-Are´valo, E. J. Aguirre Salamanca, I. Aguirre-Allende, D. Ahari, H. Ahmad, F. Ahmad Rauf, A. Ahmad Zartasht Khan, S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed Fieturi, S. Ahmed Mohamed, Z. Ahmed-Bakhsh, M. Ahsan Javed, L. Akano, A. Akbar, M. Akhbari, P. Akhmedov, G. Aksit, Y. Akula, A. S. Alagaratnam, S. Al Majid, O. Al Mukhtar, H. Al Omran, N. AlAsali, M. Al-Azzawi, R. Al-Habsi, H. Al-Iraqi, H. Al-Naggar, E. Alameer, H. Albirnawi, D. Alderson, F. Aldulaijan, R. Alejandro Miranda Ojeda, A. AlHasan, S. Ali, A. Ali, M. Ali Khan, Y. Alimova, F. Aljanadi, R. Aljubure, N. Allopi, H. Almedbal, M. Almubarak, Z. Alqaidoom, N. Alselaim, M. Alshaar, R. Alshammari, K. Altaf, S. Altıner, B. Altunpak, L. A. Alvarez Lozada, E. Amal Nahal, A. Amer, K. Amin, U. Aminu, N. Amisi Numbi, T. Amjad, R. Amoah, Y. An, N. -A. Anastasopoulos, J. Andre´s Urrutia, F. Angarita, K. -L. Angarita, M. A´ ngel FreirI´a Eiras, A. Antypas, M. A. Anwar, H. Anwar, T. O. Apampa, K. Apostolou, C. Aquina, R. Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni, M. I. Archila Godı´nez, O. Arez, A. A. Arezzo, P. Armonis, S. Arshad, M. Arshad Salman, A. Arshid, P. C. Arteaga Asensio, T. Arthur, A. Arumuga Jothi, F. Aryo Damara, L. Asensio Gomez, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashraf, A. Asif, M. Atif, M. Attaullah Khan, N. Avellaneda, S. Awad, M. Awadh, A. Axiaq, A. Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah, D. Ayalew, E. Aytac, F. Azam, J. Azevedo, B. Azhar, J. Aziz, A. Aziz, A. Azzam, A. Baba Ndajiwo, M. Baig, D. Baker, F. Bakko, R. Balachandran, G. Balachandran, J. Balagizi Mudekereza, E. Balai, B. Balci, A. Balduzzi, A. Balhareth, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Banerjee, D. Bangalore Mahalinga, B. Bankhead-Kendall, N. D. A. Bankole, V. Banwell, F. Baris Bengur, B. Baris Ozmen, M. Barnard, R. Barnett, J. A. Barreras Espinoza, A. Barrios, G. Bass, M. Bass, A. Bausys, A. Bavikatte, J. Bayram, M. Belousov, A. G. Berardi, A. Beamish, C. Beattie, F. Belia, V. Bellato, S. Bellikatti, S. Benjamens, C. Benlice, S. Bennedsgaard, S. Bennett, Z. Bentounsi, H. Bergenfeldt, A. Bergenfelz, M. Besselink, G. Bhandoria, E. Bhangu, M. Bhatia, M. T. Bhatti, Z. Bilgili, G. Bislenghi, C. Bisset, S. Biswas, J. Blake, R. Blanco, L. Boccalatte, R. Boden, C. Bojanic, M. Boland, P. Boland, E. Bollen, E. -A. Bonci, L. Boni, A. Booth, R. Booth, A. Borakati, G. E. Borunda Escudero, S. J. Bosco, P. Bostro¨ m, P. Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, K. Bouchagier, A. Bouhuwaish, M. Boutros, K. Boyce, C. Boyle, L. Bradshaw, A. Brandl, A. Brar, G. Brat, H. Brenkman, C. Brennan, C. Brines, A. Brookmyre, C. Brosnan, L. Brouwers, A. Brown, L. Brown, C. Brown, J. Brown, V. BS, M. Buksh, M. Bunani Emmanuel, D. Burbano, A. Burelli, A. Burke, J. Burke, N. Burlov, A. Burns, O. Burton, A. Butt, B. Buzra Ozkan, L. Cabrera Silva, E. Y. Caicedo, T. Calderbank, W. Cambridge, G. Campelo, O. Can Tatar, F. Carbone, F. Carrano, D. Casallas, D. Casanova Portoles, F. Casciani, I. Cassimjee, O. A. Castaneda Ramı´rez, V. Catala´ n, J. Caviedes, L. Cayetano, M. ~ Ceresoli, M. Chan, V. Chan, P. Chandrasinghe, S. Chapman, A. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhry, H. Chaudry, H. W. Chen, A. Cheng, M. Chernykh, A. M. Cherrie, I. Cheruiyot, J. Cheung, C. Chia, J. Chica, N. Chinai, A. Chirwa, J. Chiwaligo, A. Choi, J. Choi, M. R. Chowdhury, E. Christopher, N. Christou, T. Chu, D. Chua, H. W. Chua, C. Chung, A. Cihat Yildirim, M. Cillo, S. Cioffi, H. Claireaux, S. Clermonts, R. Clifford, M. Climent, A. Clynch, R. -J. Coelen, E. Cola´ s-Ruiz, A. Collar, M. Collard, K. C. Conlon, T. Connelly, K. Connor, J. A. Cook, T. Correia de Sa´, N. Cos¸gun Acar, T. Costa, D. Couch, S. Cowper, B. Creavin, B. Crook, A. Curell, R. D’alessio, J. Dale, J. Damgaard Eriksen, I. Dario Martin Gonzalez, A. Darwish, M. Das, R. Das, K. Das, R. Dave, S. O. David, T. Davies, C. Davis, S. Davison, V. Davletshina, A. Dawidziuk, A. Dawson, M. de Andres Crespo, H. de Berker, P. de Dieu Ngo, E. Dekker, R. de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, B. de Lacy, N. Demartines, A. de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, S. De Silva, C. del Rio, V. Delaune, A. Dell, I. Demirbas¸, S. Demirli Atici, M. Deniz Tepe, M. Derebey, G. Desai, M. Desai, S. Devarakonda, N. Deveras, G. Di Franco, M. Di Martino, F. Di Marzo, A´ . Dı´az, G. Diaz del Gobbo, C. DiazCastrillon, L. Dick, K. Dickinson, E. Diego, I. Dimasi, A. Ding, S. Dingemans, L. Dixon, B. Dixon, W. Doherty, D. Dooreemeah, C. Donohue, M. Dornseifer, F. Dossa, W. Dossou, T. Drake, I. Drami, G. Drevin, M. C. du Plessis, N. Dudi-Venkata, R. Dudley, S. Duffy, D. Duklas, B. -D. Dumbrava, F. Duygu Avlar, A. Dworzynska, W. Ebrahim, A. Ebrahim, E. Efre´n Lozada Herna´ ndez, N. Ehigie, M. El Boghdady, C. El Hasnaoui, M. El Sheikh, A. El-Hussuna, O. Eldurssi, H. Elfeki, M. Elhadi, M. Elhassan, A. Elhissi, B. Elliot, C. Elsenbroek, B. Elsolh, N. Elson, H. Eltyeb, H. Emerson, S. H. Emile, G. Endalle, W. English, C. Ercisli, G. Espinosa, M. Essam Abdelraheem, H. Essangri, P. Etienne, M. D. Evans, T. Evans, C. Ezeme, F. Ezzahraa, T. Fadalla, J. Fagan, M. Fahmy, C. Fairfield, O. Falade, S. Famularo, F. Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Y. Farid, A. Farooq, H. Farooq, F. Farooqui, B. Farquharson, A. Faruqi, R. Faulder, M. Faut, K. Fechner, T. Feenstra, M. Fehervari, L. Fernandez, J. Ferna´ ndez Alberti, L. Ferrario, D. Field, L. Fiore, S. Fingerhut, S. Finlayson, N. Fleming, C. Fleming, E. Florial, M. Fok, D. Fokin, M. Foley, M. P. Forero, T. Forgan, M. Fornasiero, H. Fowler, G. Fowler, E. Franchi, L. Franklin, A˚ . Fredriksson, P. Fruhling, G. Fuentes Navarrette, A. Fu¨ lo¨ p, M. Furtado, T. Gaarder, N. Galbraith, I. T. K. Gallagher, G. Gallo, T. 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Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), International Cooperation, Practice Patterns, Commission, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Perioperative Care, Education, Surgeon, COVID-19, surgery, perioperative care, Medical, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Graduate, Pandemics, Surgeons, Health Resource, Infection Control, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, Operative, Education, Medical, Graduate, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Perioperative care, Health Resources, Surgery, Female, business, Human
Abstract: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.
Published: 2021
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12. Frequent MRSA nasal colonization among hospitalized children and their parents in Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe

Author: Teresa Conceição, Suzilaine Rodrigues, H. de Lencastre, Marta Aires-de-Sousa, and I. Santos Silva
Subjects: Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Parents, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Virulence Factors, Sao Tome and Principe, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Prevalence, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, Medicine, Infection control, Typing, General hospital, Nasal colonization, Child, Inpatients, business.industry, MRSA colonization, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Angola, Staphylococcus aureus, Child, Preschool, Carrier State, Female, business, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Summary Background The prevalence of nosocomial meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was previously estimated as 23% in a paediatric hospital in Luanda, Angola and 18% in a general hospital in Sao Tome and Principe. Aim To evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA colonization among hospitalized children and their parents at two hospitals in Angola and Sao Tome and Principe. Methods In 2017, 127 hospitalized children and 129 of their parents had nasal swabs for S. aureus/MRSA carriage in the two countries. The isolates were tested for the presence of the mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, multi-locus sequence typing and SCCmec typing. Findings Twenty of 127 children (15.7%) and 13 of 129 parents (10.1%) were MRSA nasal carriers. Three lineages comprised 88% of the MRSA isolates: (i) PFGE A-ST5-SCCmec IVa (N=15; 45%), associated with spa type t105, recovered in Angola alone; (ii) PFGE N-ST8-IV/V (N=7; 21%), associated with spa types t008/t121, recovered in Sao Tome and Principe alone; and (iii) PFGE B-ST88-IVa (N=7; 21%), associated with spa types t325/t786, present in both countries. Fifteen child/guardian pairs were colonized with identical MRSA (N=8) or meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (N=7) strains. PVL was detected in 25% of isolates, including two MRSA (ST30-V and ST8-IVa). Conclusion Hospitalized children and their parents are important reservoirs of MRSA. Infection control measures should focus on parents in order to minimize the spread of MRSA to the community.
Published: 2018
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13. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. 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Subjects: Registrie, Male, Time Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, India, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Registries, Risk Assessment, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Incidence (epidemiology), cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, RD1-811, Prognosi, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Survival rate, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, ta3121, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, RC666-701, Surgery, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018
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14. Ebola Virus Shed Glycoprotein Triggers Differentiation, Infection, and Death of Monocytes Through Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation

Author: Ndongala Michel Lubaki, Mathieu Iampietro, Alexander Bukreyev, and Rodrigo I. Santos
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, THP-1 Cells, viruses, 030106 microbiology, Supplement Articles, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Monocytes, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Viral Envelope Proteins, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Ebola Vaccines, Receptor, Glycoproteins, chemistry.chemical_classification, Toll-like receptor, Ebola virus, Cell Death, Ebola vaccine, virus diseases, Cell Differentiation, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Ebolavirus, Virology, Toll-Like Receptor 4, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Glycoprotein
Abstract: A better understanding of the mechanisms used by Ebola virus to disable the host immune system and spread the infection are of great importance for development of new therapeutic strategies. We demonstrate that treatment of monocytic cells with Ebola virus shed glycoprotein (GP) promotes their differentiation resulting in increased infection and cell death. The effects were inhibited by blocking Toll-like receptor 4 pathway. In addition, high levels of shed GP were detected in supernatants of cells treated with Ebola vaccines. This study highlights the role of shed GP in Ebola pathogenesis and also in adverse effects associated with Ebola vaccines.
Published: 2018
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15. Molecular bases of the poor response of liver cancer to chemotherapy

Author: Ana I. Santos-Llamas, Jose J.G. Marin, Maitane Asensio, Carolina Armengol, Maria A. Serrano, Oscar Briz, Marta R. Romero, Rocio I.R. Macias, Thomas Efferth, Luis M. Osorio-Padilla, Elisa Herraez, Elisa Lozano, and Silvia Di Giacomo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hepatoblastoma, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Genetic enhancement, medicine.medical_treatment, Cholangiocarcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, multidrug resistance, targeted therapies, hepatology, gastroenterology, Chemotherapy, Hepatology, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Resistome, 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer cell, Cancer research, business, Liver cancer
Abstract: Summary A characteristic shared by most frequent types of primary liver cancer, i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in adults, and in a lesser extent hepatoblastoma (HB) mainly in children, is their high refractoriness to chemotherapy. This is the result of synergic interactions among complex and diverse mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) in which more than 100 genes are involved. Pharmacological treatment, although it can be initially effective, frequently stimulates the expression of MOC genes, which results in the relapse of the tumor, usually with a more aggressive and less chemosensitive phenotype. Identification of the MOC genetic signature accounting for the “resistome” present at each moment of tumor life would prevent the administration of chemotherapeutic regimens without chance of success but still with noxious side effects for the patient. Moreover, a better description of cancer cells strength is required to develop novel strategies based on pharmacological, cellular or gene therapy to overcome liver cancer chemoresistance.
Published: 2018
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16. Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1

Author: Douglas Cunningham, D. Ward, Mamta K. Jain, Faiza Ajana, Magda Opsomer, Anita Rachlis, Sharon Walmsley, Frank A. Post, Anders Blaxhult, Amanda Clarke, M. J. Galindo, Marcel Stoeckle, P.-M. Girardy, Karam Mounzer, David Shamblaw, U. F. Bredeek, L. Bhatti, J. J. Eron, Andrew Ustianowski, Mar Gutierrez, John Jezorwski, Javier O Morales-Ramirez, Antonio Rivero, M.A. Johnson, Gatell Jm, Erika Van Landuyt, Stéphane De Wit, A. Wilkin, Laurent Cotte, Cheryl McDonald, D. Murphy, Cynthia Brinson, Romana Petrovic, Olayemi Osiyemi, J. de Vente, I. Poizot-Martin, Juan Berenguer, Robin Dretler, J. Bailey, B. Rashbaum, Moti Ramgopal, A. Scribner, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Eric Florence, A. Piekarska, Brian Gazzard, Chloe Orkin, W. Halota, Gary Richmond, Jacques Reynes, C. Ricart, C. Lucasti, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, Jason Brunetta, S. Shafran, Daniel Podzamczer, Franco Antonio Felizarta, Claudia Martorell, F. Post, Peter Ruane, Edwin DeJesus, J. Portilla Sogorb, C. Orkin, K. Tashima, Federico Pulido, Bernard Vandercam, F. Pulido, José L. Casado, Christine Katlama, Kimberley Brown, J Gasiorowski, A. Witor, Joseph J. Eron, Brian Conway, Andri Rauch, Jose R. Arribas, Michel Moutschen, H. Olivet, A. Scarsella, Leo Flamholc, A. Horban, D. Cunningham, Ronald Nahass, Félix Gutiérrez, G. Huhn, W.K. Henry, A. Thalme, S De Wit, Jan Fehr, Debbie Hagins, José Antonio Iribarren, J.-M. Molina, S. Henn, F Raffi, Juan A. Pineda, Marina B. Klein, Eugenia Negredo, Hernando Knobel, J. Slim, P. Benson, L. Waters, E. Teicher, Linos Vandekerckhove, Craig A. Dietz, Magnus Gisslén, Joel E. Gallant, J. Gathe, P. Shalit, D. Prelutsky, G. Voskuhl, D. Rey, E. Van Wijngaerden, Anthony Mills, Erkki Lathouwers, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, I. Brar, Gordon Crofoot, Veerle Hufkens, I. Santos Gil, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Pueblo Family Physicians, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), King's College Hospital (KCH), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Janssen Pharmaceutica [Beerse], Janssen Research & Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (University Liege), Université de Liège, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Living Hope Foundation, Ghent University Hospital, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Maple Leaf Clinic, Vancouver Infectious Diseases Centre, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, University Health Network, Services des maladies infectieuses [Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), Faculty of Medicine [Bydgoszcz, Poland], Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Regional Hospital [Chorzow, Poland], La Paz Hospital, IdiPAZ, Hospital General Universitario 'Gregorio Marañón' [Madrid], Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal [Madrid], Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Infectious Diseases Service, AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Hospital Universitario de Elche, Hospital Universitario de Valencia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Donostia Hospital Universitario San Sebastian, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, LLuita contra la Sida Fdn-HIV Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de València (UV), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Lund University [Lund], University of Gothenburg (GU), Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Royal Sussex County Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, North Manchester General Hospital, University College of London [London] (UCL), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Be Well, AIDS healthcare foundation [California], Henry Ford Hospital, Metropolis Medical, Central Texas Clinical Research, The Crofoot Research Center, Orlando Immunology Center, Kansas City Free Health Clinic, University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Minnesota System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, South Jersey Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease, Tarrant County Infectious Disease Associates, Southern California Men’s Medical Group, Clinical Research Puerto Rico Inc, Philadelphia FIGHT, ID care, Community Research Initiative of New England, Triple O Research Institute PA, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Midway Immunology Center, Capital Medical Associates, Broward General Medical Center, Ruane Clinical Research Group, Pacific Oaks Medical Group, DCOL Center for Clinical Research, Peter Shalit MD and Associates, La Playa Medical Group, Seton Hall University, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, AIDS Arms, Inc, Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hospital Universitario Donostia [San Sebastian, Spain] (HUD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, HAL AMU, Administrateur, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale
Subjects: Male, DOLUTEGRAVIR, Sustained Virologic Response, HIV Infections, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Emtricitabine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Darunavir, 0303 health sciences, Alanine, Drug Substitution, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination, Lamivudine, Antiretrovirals, Middle Aged, Viral Load, OPEN-LABEL, 3. Good health, WEIGHT-GAIN, Drug Combinations, Treatment Outcome, Dolutegravir, NON-INFERIORITY, Female, Safety, Viral load, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Tablets, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Efficacy, Anti-HIV Agents, RITONAVIR, TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE, LAMIVUDINE, Tenofovir alafenamide, Single-tablet regimen, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Virology, medicine, VIH (Virus), Humans, Switch study, Protease Inhibitors, Tenofovir, Aged, Pharmacology, Science & Technology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, HIV (Viruses), Adenine, Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF, Antiretroviral agents, COBICISTAT, MAINTENANCE, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV-1, Ritonavir, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, RESISTANCE
Abstract: Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in EMERALD (NCT02269917). Virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-positive treatment-experienced adults (previous non-darunavir virologic failure [VF] allowed) were randomized (2:1) to D/C/F/TAF or boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) over 48 weeks. At week 52 participants in the boosted PI arm were offered switch to D/C/F/TAF (late-switch, 44 weeks D/C/F/TAF exposure). All participants were followed on D/C/F/TAF until week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative protocol-defined virologic rebound (PDVR; confirmed viral load [VL] ≥50 copies/mL) and VL
Published: 2019
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17. Ebola virus-mediated T-lymphocyte depletion is the result of an abortive infection

Author: Alexander Bukreyev, Mathieu Iampietro, Andrew Nishida, Michael G. Katze, Rodrigo I. Santos, Mukta Dutta, Palaniappan Ramanathan, Vsevolod L. Popov, Tatiana Ammosova, Sergei Nekhai, Michelle Meyer, and Patrick Younan
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Indoles, Physiology, viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Jurkat cells, Biochemistry, Cell Fusion, White Blood Cells, Guide RNA, Jurkat Cells, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Animal Cells, Immune Physiology, Protein Phosphatase 1, Chlorocebus aethiops, Medicine and Health Sciences, Urea, Post-Translational Modification, Phosphorylation, RNA, Small Interfering, Biology (General), Antigens, Viral, Staining, 0303 health sciences, Cell fusion, Immune System Proteins, Cell Death, T Cells, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Cell Staining, Flow Cytometry, Ebolavirus, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, 3. Good health, Nucleic acids, Spectrophotometry, Cell Processes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, RNA, Viral, RNA Interference, Cytophotometry, Antibody, Cellular Types, Research Article, Cell Physiology, QH301-705.5, Immune Cells, Autophagic Cell Death, Immunology, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Antibodies, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Antigen, Virology, Lymphopenia, Genetics, medicine, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Vero Cells, 030304 developmental biology, Ebola virus, Blood Cells, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, T lymphocyte, Cell Biology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, RC581-607, HEK293 Cells, Cell culture, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Vero cell, biology.protein, RNA, Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is highly correlative with fatalities. However, the mechanisms leading to T-cell depletion remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both viral mRNAs and antigens are detectable in CD4+ T cells despite the absence of productive infection. A protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, 1E7-03, and siRNA-mediated suppression of viral antigens were used to demonstrate de novo synthesis of viral RNAs and antigens in CD4+ T cells, respectively. Cell-to-cell fusion of permissive Huh7 cells with non-permissive Jurkat T cells impaired productive EBOV infection suggesting the presence of a cellular restriction factor. We determined that viral transcription is partially impaired in the fusion T cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that exposure of T cells to EBOV resulted in autophagy through activation of ER-stress related pathways. These data indicate that exposure of T cells to EBOV results in an abortive infection, which likely contributes to the lymphopenia observed during EBOV infections., Author summary Lymphopenia is a common characteristic of the disease caused by EBOV. We determined that despite the apparent lack of productive infection, EBOV is capable of entering T cells and producing both viral RNAs and proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EBOV causes an abortive infection in T cells due to the presence of a cellular restriction factor. The abortive infection was associated with cell death following ER-stress induced autophagy. Collectively, these findings suggest that abortive infection in T cells is likely to contribute to lymphopenia during Ebola virus disease, which is uniformly linked with the severity of the disease. All EBOV vaccine candidates utilize GP as the sole antigen inducing a protective antibody response and in some clinical trials were shown to induce adverse side effects. The present study suggests that these effects can be associated with GP, which may lead to abortive infection of the vaccine construct in T cells contributing to the inflammatory response to the vaccines.
Published: 2019

18. [Prophylactic application of medicated calcium sulphate in uncemented total hip prosthesis]

Author: J C, Vélez-de Lachica, J I, Santos-Briones, and J M, Inzunza-Sánchez
Subjects: Reoperation, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Humans, Hip Prosthesis, Prosthesis Design, Calcium Sulfate, Prosthesis Failure
Abstract: The increase in total hip arthroplasty occurs by many factors, such as increasing life expectancy, improving surgical technique as well as innovating the design and implant material. However, despite technological advances, peri-prosthetic infection has remained one of the most devastating complications. This study evaluates the prophylactic application of calcium sulfate pearls medicated in the femoral canal and acetabular surface to prevent peri-prosthetic infections in patients who underwent total uncemented primary hip arthroplasty against a control group by measuring acute phase reactants. 146 patients, 67 were applied calcium sulfate pearls medicated and 79 prophylactic antibiotic intravenous in the period from 2013 to 2016. To perform the diagnosis of peri-prosthetic infection was assessed PCR associated with VSG, communication between fistula and prostheses and positive culture in 2 or more different sites. There was a decrease in the values of acute-phase reactants in patients who were given calcium sulfate pearls. 14 patients presented infection in the control group and 3 in the study group. The prophylactic use of calcium sulphate pearls within the medullary canal and acetabular surface is an option for the prophylaxis of peri-prosthetic infections, however the study deserves follow-up with more patients.El incremento en la cirugía de artroplastía total de cadera es motivado por muchos factores, como el aumento en la expectativa de vida, mejoría continua en la técnica quirúrgica e innovaciones en el diseño y los materiales de los implantes que, sumados, han convertido a este procedimiento en una solución efectiva a la degeneración articular, con excelentes resultados. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances tecnológicos, la infección periprotésica se ha mantenido como una de las complicaciones más devastadoras. Este estudio evalúa la aplicación profiláctica de perlas de sulfato de calcio medicadas en el canal femoral y superficie acetabular para prevenir infecciones periprotésicas en pacientes que fueron sometidos a una artroplastía total de cadera primaria no cementada contra un grupo control mediante la medición de reactantes de fase aguda y cultivo de líquido sinovial. Se sometieron al estudio 146 individuos: 67 a quienes se les aplicaron perlas de sulfato de calcio medicado y 79 a quienes se les aplicó antibiótico profiláctico intravenoso de Septiembre de 2013 a Agosto de 2016. Como método diagnóstico de infección periprotésica temprana se evaluaron la proteína C reactiva asociada a velocidad de sedimentación globular aumentada, una fístula que comunicara con la prótesis, cultivo positivo de dos o más sitios periprotésicos de líquido sinovial o tejido. Los resultados clínicos demostraron que hubo una disminución en los valores de los reactantes de fase aguda en los sujetos a quienes se les aplicaron las perlas de sulfato de calcio medicado. Se encontró que 14 personas presentaron infección en el grupo con profilaxis parenteral, comparado con tres del grupo con profilaxis local con perlas de sulfato de calcio medicado; ambos grupos con ceftriaxona. Se consideró que el uso profiláctico de perlas de sulfato de calcio dentro de canal medular y la superficie acetabular es una buena opción para prevenir infecciones periprotésicas en quienes han sido sometidos a una artroplastía total de cadera primaria no cementada; sin embargo el estudio amerita seguimiento con más pacientes para tener significancia estadística.
Published: 2019

19. [Chemotherapy at the end of life: Uncommon clinical practice?]

Author: M I, Santos Pérez, M, Godoy Díez, and C, Abajo Del Álamo
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Oncologists, Terminal Care, Time Factors, Palliative Care, Antineoplastic Agents, Middle Aged, Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Humans, Female, Hospital Mortality, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: In view of the apparent increase in the aggressiveness of palliative chemotherapy, the purpose of this study was to find out and analyse the characteristics of cancer patients treated in our hospital, and who received chemotherapy near the end of life.Retrospective, observational study in oncology-haematological patients who received chemotherapy between January 2016 and May 2017, and who died in that same period. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. In order to determine the risk factors for receiving chemotherapy in the last month of life, a multivariate logistic regression model was developed and subsequently validated using "bootstrap" re-sampling techniques.A total of 293 patients who received chemotherapy during the study period died. The median time between the last cycle of chemotherapy and death was 52 (0-459) days. Chemotherapy was received in their last month of life in 98 (33.4% of patients. the multivariate analysis indicated that the low chemo-sensitivity of the tumour, the particular medical oncologist, and the fact of dying in the hospital setting, were associated with an increased risk of receiving chemotherapy in the last month of life.A worrying percentage of patients receive chemotherapy near the end of life. This makes it difficult to receive high-quality palliative care, as well as to die in a familiar environment. It is necessary to review the decision-making process in advanced cancer patients.
Published: 2019

20. Reply to Comment on 'Improving clinical diagnosis of early-stage cutaneous melanoma based on Raman spectroscopy'

Author: Gerwin J. Puppels, Senada Koljenović, Remco van Doorn, Peter J. Caspers, I. Santos, Dermatology, and Pathology
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, business.industry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Dermatology, Diagnosis, Differential, symbols.namesake, Oncology, Clinical diagnosis, Cutaneous melanoma, Correspondence, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, medicine, Humans, Stage (cooking), business, Melanoma
Published: 2019

21. Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Melanoma and Benign Melanocytic Lesions Suspected of Melanoma Using High-Wavenumber Raman Spectroscopy

Author: Tom C. Bakker Schut, Senada Koljenović, Gerwin J. Puppels, I. Santos, Remco van Doorn, Peter J. Caspers, Vincent Noordhoek Hegt, Dermatology, and Pathology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Diagnostic accuracy, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Melanoma, neoplasms, Excitation wavelength, Principal Component Analysis, Chemistry, Wavelength range, Discriminant Analysis, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, ROC Curve, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Area Under Curve, symbols, Melanocytes, Skin cancer, Pigmented skin, Raman spectroscopy, Skin lesion
Abstract: Melanoma is a pigmented type of skin cancer, which has the highest mortality of all skin cancers. Because of the low clinical diagnostic accuracy for melanoma, an objective tool is needed to assist clinical assessment of skin lesions that are suspected of (early) melanoma. The aim of this study was to identify spectral differences in the CH region of HWVN (high-wavenumber) Raman spectra between melanoma and benign melanocytic lesions clinically suspected of melanoma. We used these spectral differences to explore preliminary classification models to distinguish melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions. Data from 82 freshly excised melanocytic lesions clinically suspected of melanoma were measured using an in-house built Raman spectrometer, which has been optimized for measurements on pigmented skin lesions (excitation wavelength 976 nm and a wavelength range of the Raman signal 1340-1540 nm). Clear spectral differences were observed between melanoma and benign melanocytic lesions. These differences can be assigned mainly to the symmetric CH2, stretching vibrations of lipids. Our results show that the Raman bands between 2840 and 2930 cm(-1) have increased intensity for melanoma when compared to benign melanocytic lesions, suggesting an increase in lipid content in melanoma. These results demonstrate that spectroscopic information in the CH-stretching region of HWVN Raman spectra can discriminate melanoma from benign melanocytic lesions that are often clinically misdiagnosed as melanoma and that Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide an objective clinical tool to improve the clinical diagnostic accuracy of skin lesions suspected of melanoma.
Published: 2016
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22. Non-neutralizing Antibodies from a Marburg Infection Survivor Mediate Protection by Fc-Effector Functions and by Enhancing Efficacy of Other Antibodies

Author: James B. Kimble, Kai Huang, Pavlo Gilchuk, Jenny Liang, Galit Alter, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Alexander Bukreyev, Mallorie E. Fouch, Larry Zeitlin, Colette Pietzsch, Michelle Meyer, Natalia Kuzmina, Rodrigo I. Santos, Marcus M. Karim, Philipp A. Ilinykh, James E. Crowe, Diptiben V. Parekh, Bronwyn M. Gunn, and Edgar Davidson
Subjects: Male, THP-1 Cells, medicine.drug_class, Guinea Pigs, Filoviridae, Biology, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Monoclonal antibody, Microbiology, Epitope, Marburg virus, Epitopes, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral Envelope Proteins, Virology, Chlorocebus aethiops, medicine, Animals, Humans, Marburg Virus Disease, Survivors, Effector functions, Vero Cells, Glycoproteins, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, B-Lymphocytes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, 0303 health sciences, Ebola virus, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Ebolavirus, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Disease Models, Animal, HEK293 Cells, Marburgvirus, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, Parasitology, Antibody, Glycoprotein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) belong to the family Filoviridae. MARV causes severe disease in humans with high fatality. We previously isolated a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from B cells of a human survivor with previous naturally acquired MARV infection. Here, we characterized functional properties of these mAbs and identified non-neutralizing mAbs targeting the glycoprotein (GP) 2 portion of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of MARV GP, termed the wing region. One mAb targeting the GP2 wing, MR228, showed therapeutic protection in mice and guinea pigs infected with MARV. The protection was mediated by the Fc fragment functions of MR228. Binding of another GP2 wing-specific non-neutralizing mAb, MR235, to MARV GP increased accessibility of epitopes in the receptor-binding site (RBS) for neutralizing mAbs, resulting in enhanced virus neutralization by these mAbs. These findings highlight an important role for non-neutralizing mAbs during natural human MARV infection.
Published: 2020
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23. Sight hygiene in the 19th century. Part 1

Author: J J, Barbón, I, Santos, and Vicente, Chiralt y Selma
Subjects: Ophthalmology, Eyeglasses, Spain, Vision Disorders, Humans, History, 19th Century, Hygiene, Military Medicine, Vision, Ocular
Published: 2018

24. Sight hygiene in the 19th century. Part 2

Author: J J, Barbón, I, Santos, and C, Santalla
Subjects: Ophthalmology, Eyeglasses, Spain, Vision Disorders, Cuba, Humans, History, 19th Century, Hygiene, Vision, Ocular
Published: 2018

25. Short-term pharyngeal airway space changes after mandibular advancement surgery in Class II patients-a two-dimensional retrospective study

Author: Mariana Rodrigues, I. Santos, Ana Roseiro, Maria João Rodrigues, Inês Francisco, Francisco Vale, and Francisco Caramelo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cephalometry, Orthodontics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, Deformity, medicine, Humans, Statistical analysis, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Orthognathic Surgical Procedures, Mandible, Retrospective cohort study, 030206 dentistry, Skeletal class, Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Pharynx, Oral Surgery, medicine.symptom, Airway, business, Mandibular Advancement
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Planning successful treatment for the correction of anatomic abnormalities of the upper airways, by surgical advancement of the mandible, depends on extensive knowledge of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS). However, there is limited scientific evidence about changes in PAS after mandibular advancement surgery. AIM To evaluate the immediate changes in superior posterior airway space (SPAS) in Class II patients, after mandibular advancement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cephalometric evaluation of 37 patients with skeletal Class II deformity was performed at 2 distinct time intervals: Pre-operative (T0) and immediate post-operative (T1), using Dolphin Image & Management Solutions, version 11.9, according to the method of Arnett/Gunson FAB Surgery. The differences due to the surgical intervention were assessed with Student's t test, and a Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between mandibular advancement and SPAS variables. Anticlockwise and clockwise rotation groups were also evaluated with Mann-Whitney tests. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS and R assuming a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS As an effect of mandibular advancement, an anteroposterior statistically significant increase in SPAS (P
Published: 2018

26. Staufen1 Interacts with Multiple Components of the Ebola Virus Ribonucleoprotein and Enhances Viral RNA Synthesis

Author: Palaniappan Ramanathan, Jingru Fang, Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Rodrigo I. Santos, Alexander Bukreyev, Colette Pietzsch, and Shelton S. Bradrick
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Molecular Biology and Physiology, viruses, RNA-binding protein, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Microbiology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Virology, medicine, Humans, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, ebola virus, Polymerase, Ribonucleoprotein, virus-host interactions, Ebola virus, biology, RNA, RNA-Binding Proteins, RNA virus, biology.organism_classification, Ebolavirus, QR1-502, Nucleoprotein, Cytoskeletal Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Ribonucleoproteins, Host-Pathogen Interactions, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, RNA replication, RNA binding proteins, Protein Binding, Transcription Factors, Research Article
Abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with significant public health importance. Currently, no therapeutics are available for Ebola, which imposes an urgent need for a better understanding of EBOV biology. Here we dissected the virus-host interplay between EBOV and host RNA-binding proteins. We identified novel EBOV host factors, including Staufen1, which interacts with multiple viral factors and is required for efficient viral RNA synthesis., Ebola virus (EBOV) genome and mRNAs contain long, structured regions that could hijack host RNA-binding proteins to facilitate infection. We performed RNA affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify host proteins that bind to EBOV RNAs and identified four high-confidence proviral host factors, including Staufen1 (STAU1), which specifically binds both 3′ and 5′ extracistronic regions of the EBOV genome. We confirmed that EBOV infection rate and production of infectious particles were significantly reduced in STAU1-depleted cells. STAU1 was recruited to sites of EBOV RNA synthesis upon infection and enhanced viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, STAU1 interacts with EBOV nucleoprotein (NP), virion protein 30 (VP30), and VP35; the latter two bridge the viral polymerase to the NP-coated genome, forming the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Our data indicate that STAU1 plays a critical role in EBOV replication by coordinating interactions between the viral genome and RNA synthesis machinery.
Published: 2018

27. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Ebola Virus Infection by Human Antibodies Isolated from Survivors

Author: Palaniappan Ramanathan, Natalia Kuzmina, Patrick Younan, Ndongala Michel Lubaki, Rodrigo I. Santos, Alexander Bukreyev, Andrew I. Flyak, Kai Huang, Pavlo Gilchuk, Philipp A. Ilinykh, and James E. Crowe
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, THP-1 Cells, medicine.drug_class, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Primary Cell Culture, Fc receptor, Gene Expression, Antibodies, Viral, Monoclonal antibody, medicine.disease_cause, Monocytes, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Subclass, Epitope, Epitopes, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral Envelope Proteins, Genes, Reporter, medicine, Animals, Humans, Marburg Virus Disease, Antibody-dependent enhancement, Survivors, Receptor, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Ebola virus, biology, Immune Sera, Receptors, IgG, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Ebolavirus, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Survival Analysis, Virology, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, 030104 developmental biology, Marburgvirus, lcsh:Biology (General), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Antibody
Abstract: Summary: Some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recovered from survivors of filovirus infections can protect against infection. It is currently unknown whether natural infection also induces some antibodies with the capacity for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). A panel of mAbs obtained from human survivors of filovirus infection caused by Ebola, Bundibugyo, or Marburg viruses was evaluated for their ability to facilitate ADE. ADE was observed readily with all mAbs examined at sub-neutralizing concentrations, and this effect was not restricted to mAbs with a particular epitope specificity, neutralizing capacity, or subclass. Blocking of specific Fcγ receptors reduced but did not abolish ADE that was associated with high-affinity binding antibodies, suggesting that lower-affinity interactions still cause ADE. Mutations of Fc fragments of an mAb that altered its interaction with Fc receptors rendered the antibody partially protective in vivo at a low dose, suggesting that ADE counteracts antibody-mediated protection and facilitates dissemination of filovirus infections. : In this paper, Kuzmina et al. demonstrate that filovirus antibodies from human survivors present at low concentrations are capable of enhancement of infection, suggesting that low levels of antibodies in humans may facilitate virus spread. The enhancement can be caused by antibodies of various epitope specificities, neutralizing capacities, and subclasses. Keywords: Ebola virus, filovirus, antibody, enhancement of infection, FC receptor, epitope
Published: 2018

28. Asymmetric antiviral effects of ebolavirus antibodies targeting glycoprotein stem and glycan cap

Author: Kai Huang, Natalia Kuzmina, Patrick Younan, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Galit Alter, Rodrigo I. Santos, Pavlo Gilchuk, James E. Crowe, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Xiaoli Shen, Alexander Bukreyev, and Andrew I. Flyak
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, NK cells, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Biochemistry, Fluorophotometry, Virions, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Viral Envelope Proteins, Immune Physiology, Cellular types, Medicine and Health Sciences, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, lcsh:QH301-705.5, chemistry.chemical_classification, Immune System Proteins, biology, Chemistry, Immune cells, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Flow Cytometry, Ebolavirus, 3. Good health, Spectrophotometry, Cell Processes, White blood cells, Cytophotometry, Antibody, Research Article, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Glycan, Cell biology, Blood cells, Viral Entry, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Viral Structure, Monoclonal antibody, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Phagocytosis, Viral entry, Virology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Viral Replication, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Viral replication, Animal cells, biology.protein, Parasitology, lcsh:RC581-607, Glycoprotein, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) can protect experimental animals against infections. Most mAbs isolated from ebolavirus survivors appeared to target the glycan cap or the stalk region of the viral GP, which is the envelope protein and the only antigen inducing virus-neutralizing antibody response. Some of the mAbs were demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Here, a panel of mAbs from four individual survivors of ebolavirus infection that target the glycan cap or stem region were selected for investigation of the mechanisms of their antiviral effect. Comparative characterization of the inhibiting effects on multiple steps of viral replication was performed, including attachment, post-attachment, entry, binding at low pH, post-cleavage neutralization of virions, viral trafficking to endosomes, cell-to-cell transmission, viral egress, and inhibition when added early at various time points post-infection. In addition, Fc-domain related properties were characterized, including activation and degranulation of NK cells, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and glycan content. The two groups of mAbs (glycan cap versus stem) demonstrated very different profiles of activities suggesting usage of mAbs with different epitope specificity could coordinate inhibition of multiple steps of filovirus infection through Fab- and Fc-mediated mechanisms, and provide a reliable therapeutic approach., Author summary Recent progress in isolation of mAbs from survivors of filovirus infections suggests that the human adaptive immune system is capable of producing strong antibody responses. However, the effects of mAbs with different epitope specificity on individual steps of filovirus infection are still unclear. We evaluated a panel of mAbs obtained from survivors of natural filovirus infections, specific for the glycan cap or stem region of GP, for their effects on the attachment of viral particles to the cell surface, intracellular traffic of viral particles, proteolytic processing of GP, its interaction with the NPC1 receptor, cell-to-cell virus transmission, virus egress from infected cells, activation of natural killer cells and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis through Fc-mediated mechanisms. We found that antiviral activity of glycan cap-specific antibodies results from inhibition of attachment, cell-to-cell transmission and inhibition of virion budding. In contrast, the antiviral mechanisms of stem-specific antibodies were found to be inhibition of virus release from endosomal network to the cytoplasm, and also activation of natural killer cells and phagocytosis mediated by monocytes and neutrophils. The data provide new insight into the development of immune protective mechanisms during natural human infection, and have important implications for the treatment of filovirus infections by passively-transferred antibodies and vaccine design.
Published: 2018

29. Study of the allergenic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin following intra-gastric administration in a murine model of food-allergy

Author: Ana Lilia García-Hernández, Juan S. Herrera-García, Damaris Ilhuicatzi-Alvarado, Leticia Moreno-Fierros, and Karla I. Santos-Vigil
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Allergy, Ovalbumin, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Bacillus thuringiensis, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin E, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemolysin Proteins, Mice, Bacterial Proteins, Food allergy, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Pest Control, Biological, Anaphylaxis, Pharmacology, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Toxin, business.industry, fungi, Cholera toxin, respiratory system, Allergens, medicine.disease, Plants, Genetically Modified, Endotoxins, Intestines, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Female, Immunization, business, Adjuvant, Food Hypersensitivity
Abstract: Cry1Ac toxin, from Bacillus thuringiensis, is widely used as a biopesticide and expressed in genetically modified (GM) plants used for human and animal consumption. Since Cry1Ac is also immunogenic and able to activate macrophages, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate the immunological effects elicited after intra-gastric administration. The allergenic potential of purified Cry1Ac was assessed and compared with that induced in a murine model of food-allergy to ovalbumin (OVA), in which animals are sensitized with the adjuvant Cholera toxin (CT). Mice were weekly intragastrically administered with: i) vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ii) OVA, iii) OVA plus CT iv) Cry1Ac or v) OVA plus Cry1Ac. Seven weeks after, mice were intragastrically challenged and allergic reactions along with diverse allergy related immunological parameters were evaluated at systemic and intestinal level. The groups immunized with, Cry1Ac, OVA/Cry1Ac or OVA/CT developed moderate allergic reactions, induced significant IgE response and increased frequencies of intestinal granulocytes, IgE+ eosinophils and IgE+ lymphocytes. These same groups also showed colonic lymphoid hyperplasia, notably in humans, this has been associated with food allergy and intestinal inflammation. Although the adjuvant and allergenic potential of CT were higher than the effects of Cry1Ac, the results show that applied intra-gastrically at 50 μg doses, Cry1Ac is immunogenic, moderately allergenic and able to provoke intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia. Moreover, Cry1Ac is also able to induce anaphylaxis, since when mice were intragastrically sensitized with increasing doses of Cry1Ac, with every dose tested, a significant drop in rectal temperature was recorded after intravenous challenge.
Published: 2018

30. Nuclear Targeting with an Auger Electron Emitter Potentiates the Action of a Widely Used Antineoplastic Drug

Author: Roger Alberto, Gilles Gasser, Célia Fernandes, Sebastian Imstepf, Adam B. Shapiro, Matthias Bauwens, Robert Freudenberg, Thomas Fox, I. Santos, Paula D. Raposinho, Michael Felber, Vanessa Pierroz, Felix Motthagy, Sofia Gama, University of Zurich, Alberto, Roger, MUMC+: DA BV Medische staf (6), and RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome
Subjects: 10120 Department of Chemistry, ORTHOPHOSPHATE HYDROGEL, ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY, 3003 Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmaceutical Science, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS, Pharmacology, DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS, DOXORUBICIN PRODRUG, Mice, MAMMALIAN-CELLS, Neoplasms, 540 Chemistry, Topoisomerase II Inhibitors, biology, Chemistry, Technetium, ENERGY DEPOSITION, 3. Good health, 3004 Pharmacology, 1305 Biotechnology, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, ANISOTROPY-BASED ASSAY, Biodistribution, CANCER-THERAPY, Cell Survival, Biomedical Engineering, 2204 Biomedical Engineering, Antineoplastic Agents, Bioengineering, In vivo, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Doxorubicin, 1502 Bioengineering, Topoisomerase, Organic Chemistry, DNA, In vitro, DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, Cancer cell, Biophysics, biology.protein, Topoisomerase-II Inhibitor, Conjugate, 1605 Organic Chemistry
Abstract: We present the combination of the clinically well-proven chemotherapeutic agent, Doxorubicin, and (99m)Tc, an Auger and internal conversion electron emitter, into a dual-action agent for therapy. Chemical conjugation of Doxorubicin to (99m)Tc afforded a construct which autonomously ferries a radioactive payload into the cell nucleus. At this site, damage is exerted by dose deposition from Auger radiation. The (99m)Tc-conjugate exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of survival in a selected panel of cancer cells and an in vivo study in healthy mice evidenced a biodistribution which is comparable to that of the parent drug. The homologous Rhenium conjugate was found to effectively bind to DNA, inhibited human Topoisomerase II, and exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro. The collective in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the presented metallo-conjugates closely mimic native Doxorubicin.
Published: 2015
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31. Efficacy and safety of switching from boosted protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide at 48 weeks in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 (EMERALD): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Author: David Shamblaw, Olayemi Osiyemi, Anders Blaxhult, Amanda Clarke, M. J. Galindo, Edwin DeJesus, Mamta K. Jain, Craig A. Dietz, Juan Berenguer, Jacques Reynes, E. Teicher, A Horban, Simon Vanveggel, D. Cunningham, C. Ricart, Erkki Lathouwers, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Anita Rachlis, E Negredo, A. Witor, Joseph Gathe, S De Wit, Debbie Hagins, E. Van Wijngaerden, Eric Florence, Peter Ruane, Anthony Mills, J. Bailey, Karen T. Tashima, Gary Richmond, J. de Vente, Jihad Slim, Ronald Nahass, G. Huhn, Jean-Michel Molina, Moti Ramgopal, D. Murphy, W. Halota, A. Thalme, Frank A. Post, Mdm Gutierrez, Jan Fehr, Cheryl McDonald, Jose R. Arribas, Doug Ward, Laurent Cotte, D. Rey, Magda Opsomer, Sharon Walmsley, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Cynthia Brinson, L. Waters, G. Voskuhl, C Orkin, Faiza Ajana, Antonio Rivero, Erika Van Landuyt, Marcel Stoeckle, H. Olivet, L. Bhatti, J. J. Eron, J. Gathe, P. Shalit, Ignacio Pérez-Valero, Daniel Podzamczer, Jason Brunetta, Romana Petrovic, B. Rashbaum, Leo Flamholc, David James Prelutsky, W.K. Henry, José Antonio Iribarren, J.-M. Molina, Margaret A. Johnson, M Moutschen, Claudia Martorell, Karam Mounzer, Anthony John Scarsella, J Gasiorowski, Robin Dretler, Magnus Gisslén, Andrew Ustianowski, Chloe Orkin, C. Lucasti, Joel E. Gallant, Bernard Vandercam, Aimee M. Wilkin, Juan A. Pineda, Gatell Jm, Joseph J. Eron, P-M Girard, Indira Brar, Linos Vandekerckhove, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, F Raffi, A. Scribner, Brian Gazzard, Franco Antonio Felizarta, Marina B. Klein, Eugenia Negredo, Hernando Knobel, Gordon Crofoot, Stephen D. Shafran, U. F. Bredeek, Veerle Hufkens, Javier O Morales-Ramirez, P. Benson, I. Santos Gil, A. Piekarska, Brian Conway, Andri Rauch, J. Portilla Sogorb, Federico Pulido, Félix Gutiérrez, S. Henn, José L. Casado, and Christine Katlama
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, HIV Infections, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir alafenamide, Drug Administration Schedule, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Virology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Tenofovir, Darunavir, business.industry, Cobicistat, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Viral Load, Surgery, Regimen, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, HIV-1, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: Simplified regimens with reduced pill burden and fewer side-effects are desirable for people living with HIV. We investigated the efficacy and safety of switching to a single-tablet regimen of darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus continuing a regimen of boosted protease inhibitor, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.EMERALD was a phase-3, randomised, active-controlled, open-label, international, multicentre trial, done at 106 sites across nine countries in North America and Europe. HIV-1-infected adults were eligible to participate if they were treatment-experienced and virologically suppressed (viral load50 copies per mL for ≥2 months; one viral load of 50-200 copies per mL was allowed within 12 months before screening), and patients with a history of virological failure on non-darunavir regimens were allowed. Randomisation was by computer-generated interactive web-response system and stratified by boosted protease inhibitor use at baseline. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to switch to the open-label study regimen or continue the control regimen. The study regimen consisted of a fixed-dose tablet containing darunavir 800 mg, cobicistat 150 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir alafenamide 10 mg, which was taken once per day for 48 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with virological rebound (confirmed viral load ≥50 copies per mL or premature discontinuations, with last viral load ≥50 copies per mL) cumulative through week 48; we tested non-inferiority (4% margin) of the study regimen versus the control regimen in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02269917.The study began on April 1, 2015, and the cutoff date for the week 48 primary analysis was Feb 24, 2017. Of 1141 patients (763 in the study group and 378 in the control group), 664 (58%) had previously received five or more antiretrovirals, including screening antiretrovirals, and 169 (15%) had previous virological failure on a non-darunavir regimen. The study regimen was non-inferior to the control for virological rebound cumulative through week 48 (19 [2·5%] of 763 patients in the study group vs eight (2·1%) of 378 patients in the control group; difference 0·4%, 95% CI -1·5 to 2·2; p0·0001). No resistance to any study drug was observed. Numbers of discontinuations related to adverse events (11 [1%] of 763 patients in the study group vs four [1%] of 378 patients in the control group) and grade 3-4 adverse events (52 [7%] patients vs 31 [8%] patients) were similar between the two groups. There was a small non-clinically relevant but statistically significant (0·2 [SD 1·1] vs 0·1 [1·1], p=0.010) difference between the two groups in change from baseline in total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio. Only one serious adverse event (pancreatitis in the study group) was deemed as possibly related to the study regimen.Our findings show the safety and efficacy of single-tablet darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide as a potential switch option for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with viral suppression.Janssen.
Published: 2017

32. Raman spectroscopy for cancer detection and cancer surgery guidance: translation to the clinics

Author: Gerwin J. Puppels, Hetty Mast, Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong, Cornelia G.F. van Lanschot, Ivo ten Hove, Dominiek A. Monserez, Eppo B. Wolvius, Martine F. van der Kamp, Carolien H.M. van Deurzen, Jose A. Hardillo, Senada Koljenović, Linetta B. Koppert, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Robert M. Verdijk, Clemens M F Dirven, Aniel Sewnaik, Cees A. Meeuwis, Peter J. Caspers, Tom C. Bakker Schut, Roeland W.H. Smits, Vincent Noordhoek Hegt, Jan H. von der Thüsen, Patricia C. Ewing-Graham, Remco van Doorn, Tamar Nijsten, Helena C. van Doorn, Martijn B. Busstra, Da-Hye Choi, I. Santos, Elisa M. Barroso, Dermatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pathology, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Neurosurgery, and Urology
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tumor resection, MEDLINE, Less invasive, Cancer detection, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 010309 optics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Neoplasms, 0103 physical sciences, Electrochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Spectroscopy, business.industry, Cancer, Surgical procedures, medicine.disease, Clinical Practice, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Cancer surgery
Abstract: Oncological applications of Raman spectroscopy have been contemplated, pursued, and developed at academic level for at least 25 years. Published studies aim to detect pre-malignant lesions, detect cancer in less invasive stages, reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies and guide surgery towards the complete removal of the tumour with adequate tumour resection margins. This review summarizes actual clinical needs in oncology that can be addressed by spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and it provides an overview over the results that have been published between 2007 and 2017. An analysis is made of the current status of translation of these results into clinical practice. Despite many promising results, most of the applications addressed in scientific studies are still far from clinical adoption and commercialization. The main hurdles are identified, which need to be overcome to ensure that in the near future we will see the first Raman spectroscopy-based solutions being used in routine oncologic diagnostic and surgical procedures.
Published: 2017

33. Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection

Author: Richard A. Koup, Patrick Younan, Mathieu Iampietro, Andrew Nishida, Mukta Dutta, Ndongala Michel Lubaki, Michael G. Katze, Rodrigo I. Santos, and Alexander Bukreyev
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cellular differentiation, Apoptosis, Monocytes, White Blood Cells, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Viral Envelope Proteins, Cell Signaling, Interferon, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cytotoxic T cell, Membrane Receptor Signaling, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Cells, Cultured, Cell Death, T Cells, Cell Differentiation, Ebolavirus, Flow Cytometry, Immune Receptor Signaling, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell Processes, Spectrophotometry, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Cytophotometry, Cellular Types, medicine.drug, Protein Binding, Research Article, Signal Transduction, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Programmed cell death, T cell, Immune Cells, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Necrotic Cell Death, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Virology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, Blood Cells, Biology and Life Sciences, T lymphocyte, Cell Biology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Toll-Like Receptor 4, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Parasitology, lcsh:RC581-607, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Fatal outcomes of Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are typically preceded by a ‘sepsis-like’ syndrome and lymphopenia despite T cells being resistant to Ebola infection. The mechanisms that lead to T lymphocytes death remain largely unknown; however, the degree of lymphopenia is highly correlative with fatalities. Here we investigated whether the addition of EBOV or its envelope glycoprotein (GP) to isolated primary human CD4+ T cells induced cell death. We observed a significant decrease in cell viability in a GP-dependent manner, which is suggestive of a direct role of GP in T cell death. Using immunoprecipitation assays and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that EBOV directly binds to CD4+ T cells through interaction of GP with TLR4. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the addition of EBOV to CD4+ T cells results in the significant upregulation of pathways associated with interferon signaling, pattern recognition receptors and intracellular activation of NFκB signaling pathway. Both transcriptome analysis and specific inhibitors allowed identification of apoptosis and necrosis as mechanisms associated with the observed T cell death following exposure to EBOV. The addition of the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 significantly reduced CD4+ T cell death induced by GP. EBOV stimulation of primary CD4+ T cells resulted in a significant increase in secreted TNFα; inhibition of TNFα-mediated signaling events significantly reduced T cell death while inhibitors of both necrosis and apoptosis similarly reduced EBOV-induced T cell death. Lastly, we show that stimulation with EBOV or GP augments monocyte maturation as determined by an overall increase in expression levels of markers of differentiation. Subsequently, the increased rates of cellular differentiation resulted in higher rates of infection further contributing to T cell death. These results demonstrate that GP directly subverts the host’s immune response by increasing the susceptibility of monocytes to EBOV infection and triggering lymphopenia through direct and indirect mechanisms., Author summary The latest outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa resulted in more than 28,000 human infections including more than 11,000 deaths thus highlighting the necessity for the development of countermeasures. Monocytes and dendritic cells are among the primary targets of EBOV infection; infection of these critical antigen presenting cells contributes to the immune deficiency observed in Ebola virus disease (EVD). In contrast, lymphocytes are resistant to EBOV infection; however, in fatal EVD, pronounced lymphopenia is uniformly observed. Here we report that T lymphocyte cell death in the absence of detectable infection was observed in an EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-dependent manner. Using transcriptome analysis of EBOV-stimulated CD4+ T cells we show upregulation of both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cell death associated pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EBOV increases susceptibility of monocytes to infection by promoting cellular differentiation. Both EBOV-induced monocyte differentiation and cell death of T lymphocytes result from a direct interaction between GP and TLR4. Blocking of TLR4 signaling significantly reduced both EBOV-induced T cell death and infection of monocytes. These data contribute to understanding of the ‘immune paralysis’ during EBOV infections and provide evidence for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of EVD.
Published: 2017

34. Pulse pressure waveform estimation using distension profiling with contactless optical probe

Author: Pedro G. Vaz, João Cardoso, Tânia Pereira, H. C. Pereira, I. Santos, Tatiana Oliveira, H. Santos, Telmo Pereira, and Carlos Correia
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulse Wave Analysis, Cardiac cycle, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Diastole, Optical Devices, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Distension, Pulse pressure, Area Under Curve, Pulsatile Flow, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Medicine, Waveform, Female, Systole, business, Aged, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The pulse pressure waveform has, for long, been known as a fundamental biomedical signal and its analysis is recognized as a non-invasive, simple, and resourceful technique for the assessment of arterial vessels condition observed in several diseases. In the current paper, waveforms from non-invasive optical probe that measures carotid artery distension profiles are compared with the waveforms of the pulse pressure acquired by intra-arterial catheter invasive measurement in the ascending aorta. Measurements were performed in a study population of 16 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization. The hemodynamic parameters: area under the curve (AUC), the area during systole (AS) and the area during diastole (AD), their ratio (AD/AS) and the ejection time index (ETI), from invasive and non-invasive measurements were compared. The results show that the pressure waveforms obtained by the two methods are similar, with 13% of mean value of the root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, the correlation coefficient demonstrates the strong correlation. The comparison between the AUCs allows the assessment of the differences between the phases of the cardiac cycle. In the systolic period the waveforms are almost equal, evidencing greatest clinical relevance during this period. Slight differences are found in diastole, probably due to the structural arterial differences. The optical probe has lower variability than the invasive system (13% vs 16%). This study validates the capability of acquiring the arterial pulse waveform with a non-invasive method, using a non-contact optical probe at the carotid site with residual differences from the aortic invasive measurements.
Published: 2014
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35. Distribution and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates in Portugal, 1994–2007

Author: G, Almeida, A, Morvan, R, Magalhães, I, Santos, T, Hogg, A, Leclercq, P, Teixeira, Maria Augusta, Guimarães, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Subjects: Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Microbiology (medical), Serotype, Genotype, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Arsenic, law.invention, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Listeria monocytogenes, law, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Listeriosis, Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 80 and over, Gel electrophoresis, 0303 health sciences, Portugal, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Outbreak, General Medicine, Middle Aged, DNA Fingerprinting, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, Cadmium
Abstract: In recent years, the number of cases of listeriosis has increased worldwide. Ninety-five isolates of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from Portuguese human cases of listeriosis have been characterized by biotyping (cadmium and arsenic sensitivity), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) grouping, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) applying the enzymes AscI and ApaI. Isolates were classified into one of three PCR groups; IVb (71.6%), IIb (17.9%), and IIa (10.5%). Four biotypes were differentiated: sensitive to arsenic/cadmium (48.4%), arsenic-sensitive and cadmium-resistant (25.3%), resistant to arsenic and sensitive to cadmium (18.9%), and resistant to both heavy metals (7.4%). Combined analyses of AscI and ApaI patterns yielded a total of 58 PFGE types with five sets (G, Jb, KKa, Me, and U) of Portuguese strains, each of which were indistinguishable by PFGE typing. In the present study, it was demonstrated that there are recurrent pulsotypes and that some were the same pulsotypes linked to outbreaks in France. In addition, there are some pulsotypes spread throughout the country, while others only appear in a restricted region. This study allowed the assembly of a first large pulsotype database of Portuguese clinical strains.
Published: 2010
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36. Analysis of the Biological Response of Endothelial and Fibroblast Cells Cultured on Synthetic Scaffolds with Various Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Ratios: Influence of Fibronectin Adsorption and Conformation

Author: José María Meseguer Dueñas, Marina I. Santos, Ronald E. Unger, Manuel Salmerón Sánchez, M. Monleón Pradas, C. James Kirkpatrick, Alberto J. Campillo-Fernández, Kirsten Peters, Sven Halstenberg, and José Luis Gómez Ribelles
Subjects: Umbilical Veins, Polymers, Protein Conformation, Surface Properties, Cell, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Proinflammatory cytokine, Biomaterials, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Humans, Cell adhesion, Fibroblast, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation, Tissue Scaffolds, biology, Chemistry, Cell growth, Endothelial Cells, Fibroblasts, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Fibronectins, 0104 chemical sciences, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Endothelial stem cell, Fibronectin, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Biophysics, biology.protein, Adsorption, E-Selectin, 0210 nano-technology, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Intracellular
Abstract: In this study we developed polymer scaffolds intended as anchorage rings for cornea prostheses among other applications, and examined their cell compatibility. In particular, a series of interconnected porous polymer scaffolds with pore sizes from 80 to 110 microns were manufactured varying the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic monomeric units along the polymer chains. Further, the effects of fibronectin precoating, a physiological adhesion molecule, were tested. The interactions between the normal human fibroblast cell line MRC-5 and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with the scaffold surfaces were evaluated. Adhesion and growth of the cells was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Whereas MRC-5 fibroblasts showed adhesion and spreading to the scaffolds without any precoating, HUVECs required a fibronectin precoating for adhesion and spreading. Although both cell types attached and spread on scaffold surfaces with a content of up to a 20% hydrophilic monomers, cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the substrate. This effect is likely due to better adsorption of serum proteins to hydrophobic substrates, which then facilitate cell adhesion. In fact, atomic force microscopy measurements of fibronectin on surfaces representative of our scaffolds revealed that the amount of fibronectin adsorption correlated directly with the hydrophobicity of the surface. Besides cell adhesion we also examined the inflammatory state of HUVECs in contact with the scaffolds. Typical patterns of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were observed at intercellular boarders. HUVECs adhering on the scaffolds retained their proinflammatory response potential as shown by E-selectin mRNA expression after stimulation with lipopolyssacharide (LPS). The proinflammatory activation occurred in most of the cells, thus confirming the presence of a functionally intact endothelium. Little or no expression of the proinflammatory activation markers in the absence of LPS stimulation was observed for HUVECs growing on scaffolds with up to a 20% of hydrophilic component, whereas activation of these markers was observed after stimulation. In conclusion, scaffolds containing up to 20% hydrophilic monomers exhibited excellent cell compatibility toward human fibroblast cell line MRC-5 and human endothelial cells. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that adsorbed serum proteins such as fibronectin probably accounted for the positive correlation of HUVEC adhesion and surface hydrophobicity.
Published: 2009
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37. Individual effect-site concentrations of propofol at return of consciousness are related to the concentrations at loss of consciousness and age in neurosurgical patients

Author: I. Santos, David A. Ferreira, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Pedro Amorim, Catarina S. Nunes, and Luís Antunes
Subjects: Adult, Male, Consciousness, medicine.drug_class, Remifentanil, Consciousness, loss of, Neurological disorder, Neurosurgical Procedures, Hypnotic, Young Adult, Piperidines, Patient age, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Propofol, Aged, business.industry, Age Factors, Glasgow Coma Scale, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, effect-site concentrations [Drug dosages], Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Anesthesia Recovery Period, Effect site, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Propofol, hypnotic dose, Consciousness, return to, Anesthetics, Intravenous, medicine.drug
Abstract: Study Objective: To investigate whether a patient's propofol effect-site concentration at return to consciousness (ROC) was related to the propofol effect-site concentration at loss of consciousness (LOC) and to patients' individual demographic parameters. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Operating room. Patients: 31 ASA physical status I and II neurosurgical patients with Glasgow Coma Score N 15, and scheduled to receive total intravenous anesthesia with effect-site target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil. Interventions: A constant propofol infusion was administered until LOC. At LOC, remifentanil started with a plasma concentration target of 2.5 ng mL 1 . Main Results: Propofol concentration at LOC was 4.9 ± 1 μg mL 1 . At ROC, propofol and remifentanil concentrations were 1.16 ± 0.3 μg mL 1 and 3.41 ± 1.5 ng mL 1 . Significant correlation was observed between propofol concentrationa at ROC and LOC, between propofol concentration at ROC and patient age (48.7 ± 15 yrs), and between propofol concentrations at ROC and LOC, divided by patient's age. Conclusions: The correlation between propofol concentrations at ROC and LOC was improved by inclusion of patient age data. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2009
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38. Endothelial cell colonization and angiogenic potential of combined nano- and micro-fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Author: Kadriye Tuzlakoglu, C. James Kirkpatrick, Kirsten Peters, Ronald E. Unger, Sabine Fuchs, Manuela E. Gomes, Marina I. Santos, Erhan Pişkin, Rui L. Reis, Kimya Mühendisliği, and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Scaffold, Materials science, Endothelial cells, Materials Science, Biophysics, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Nano-fibers, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Starch-based scaffolds, Cell morphology, Bone and Bones, Bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, Engineering, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Tissue engineering, Humans, Vimentin, Bone regeneration, Cell adhesion, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, Tissue Engineering, Vascularization, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanostructures, Cell biology, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Endothelial stem cell, Gene Expression Regulation, Mechanics of Materials, Nanofiber, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Presently the majority of tissue engineering approaches aimed at regenerating bone relies only on postimplantation vascularization. Strategies that include seeding endothelial cells (ECs) on biomaterials and promoting their adhesion, migration and functionality might be a solution for the formation of vascularized bone. Nano/micro-fiber-combined scaffolds have an innovative structure, inspired by extracellular matrix (ECM) that combines a nano-network, aimed to promote cell adhesion, with a micro-fiber mesh that provides the mechanical support. In this work we addressed the influence of this nano-network on growth pattern, morphology, inflammatory expression profile, expression of structural proteins, homotypic interactions and angiogenic potential of human EC cultured on a scaffold made of a blend of starch and poly(caprolactone). The nano-network allowed cells to span between individual micro-fibers and influenced cell morphology. Furthermore, on nano-fibers as well as on micro-fibers ECs maintained the physiological expression pattern of the structural protein vimentin and PECAM-1 between adjacent cells. In addition, ECs growing on the nano/micro-fiber-combined scaffold were sensitive to pro-inflammatory stimulus. Under pro-angiogenic conditions in vitro, the ECM-like nano-network provided the structural and organizational stability for ECs’ migration and organization into capillary-like structures. The architecture of nano/micro-fiber-combined scaffolds elicited and guided the 3D distribution of ECs without compromising the structural requirements for bone regeneration., M.I. Santos would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for her PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/13428/2003). This work was partially supported by FCT through funds from POCTI and/or FEDER programs and by the European Union funded STREP Project HIPPOCRATES (NMP3-CT-2003-505758). This work was carried out under the scope of the European NoE EXPERTISSUES (NMP3-CT-2004-500283).
Published: 2008
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39. Shedding and Reversion of Oral Polio Vaccine Type 3 in Mexican Vaccinees: Comparison of Mutant Analysis by PCR and Enzyme Cleavage to a Real-Time PCR Assay

Author: Yvonne Maldonado, Enrique E. Rivas-Merelles, Jose I. Santos, Anthony Dodge, Rebecca J. Hammon, Melissa Esparza, Lisa J. Wong, Devasena Gnanashanmugam, Meira S. Falkovitz-Halpern, and Melanie Fang
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Mutant, Reversion, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, Feces, law, Virology, medicine, Humans, Point Mutation, Viral shedding, Mexico, Polymerase chain reaction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Poliovirus, Virus Shedding, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Nucleic acid, Restriction digest
Abstract: A uracil-to-cytosine mutation at nucleotide position 472 of oral poliovirus vaccine type 3 (OPV3) contributes to the development of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). To analyze OPV3 shedding patterns, we previously used the multistep method of mutant analysis by PCR and enzyme cleavage (MAPREC). This involves conventional reverse transcription-PCR to detect OPV3, followed by a restriction digest to quantify position 472 reversion. Real-time PCR detects and quantifies nucleic acid as PCR occurs and avoids postreaction processing. The goal of this study was to compare a real-time PCR method to MAPREC. Seventy-three stool samples from Mexican OPV recipients underwent the reverse transcription-PCR step of MAPREC and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR identified 23% more OPV3-positive samples than conventional reverse transcription-PCR. When reversion was compared, the revertant proportion (RP), defined as the percentage of revertants in a sample, differed by ≤10% in 21/25 (84%) samples. The four samples differing by >10% were obtained within 5 days of OPV administration. The real-time PCR assay identified samples with an RP of ≥85% with 94% sensitivity and 86% specificity compared to MAPREC. The mean difference in RP between the two methods was 3.6% (95% confidence interval, −0.3 to 7.5%). Real-time PCR methods reliably detect OPV3, and reversion estimates correlate more consistently with MAPREC when OPV3 reversion rates are high. Detecting VAPP-related mutations by real-time PCR is rapid and efficient and can be useful in monitoring ongoing global polio eradication efforts.
Published: 2007
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40. Cheese-related listeriosis outbreak, Portugal, March 2009 to February 2012

Author: Vânia Ferreira, I. Santos, Mónica Mendes Sousa, J. Farber, Gorki Mariano, I. Mâncio, Mirian Machado Mendes, F: Pagotto, Paula Teixeira, R. Magalhães, Joana Silva, J. Pita, Gonçalo Almeida, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Subjects: Adult, Food Safety, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Early detection, Food Contamination, medicine.disease_cause, Ribotyping, Disease Outbreaks, Foodborne Diseases, Listeria monocytogenes, Cheese, Environmental protection, Virology, Environmental health, Case fatality rate, Humans, Medicine, Listeriosis, Fetal loss, Serotyping, Aged, Retrospective Studies, National health, Portugal, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Food safety, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Food Microbiology, Female, business, Sentinel Surveillance
Abstract: In Portugal, listeriosis has been notifiable since April 2014, but there is no active surveillance programme for the disease. A retrospective study involving 25 national hospitals led to the detection of an outbreak that occurred between March 2009 and February 2012. The amount of time between the start of the outbreak and its detection was 16 months. Of the 30 cases of listeriosis reported, 27 were in the Lisbon and Vale do Tejo region. Two cases were maternal/neonatal infections and one resulted in fetal loss. The mean age of the non-maternal/neonatal cases was 59 years (standard deviation: 17); 13 cases were more than 65 years-old. The case fatality rate was 36.7%. All cases were caused by molecular serogroup IVb isolates indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotype profiles. Collaborative investigations with the national health and food safety authorities identified cheese as the probable source of infection, traced to a processing plant. The magnitude of this outbreak, the first reported food-borne listeriosis outbreak in Portugal, highlights the importance of having an effective listeriosis surveillance system in place for early detection and resolution of outbreaks, as well as the need for a process for the prompt submission of Listeria monocytogenes isolates for routine laboratory typing.
Published: 2015
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41. Clinical outcomes in a cohort of Colombian patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Etanar, a new biologic type rhTNFR:Fc

Author: P I, Santos-Moreno, G, Sánchez, D, Gomez, and C, Castro
Subjects: Adult, Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Colombia, Middle Aged, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Etanercept, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Treatment Outcome, Antirheumatic Agents, Humans, Female, Drug Monitoring, Aged
Abstract: To evaluate the clinical response at 12 month in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Etanar (rhTNFR:Fc), and to register the occurrence of adverse effects.This is a multicentre observational cohort study. It included patients over 18 years of age with an active rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis for which the treating physician had begun a treatment scheme of 25 mg of subcutaneous etanercept (Etanar ® 25 mg: biologic type rhTNFR:Fc), twice per week. Follow-up was done during 12 months, with assessments at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48. Evaluated outcomes included tender joint count, swollen joint count, ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, HAQ and DAS28.One-hundred and five (105) subjects were entered into the cohort. The median of tender and swollen joint count, ranged from 19 and 14, respectively at onset to 1 at the 12th month. By month 12, 90.5% of the subjects reached ACR20, 86% ACR50, and 65% ACR70. The median of DAS28 went from 4.7 to 2, and the median HAQ went from 1.3 to 0.2. The rate of adverse effects was 14 for every 100 persons per year. No serious adverse effects were reported. The most frequent were pruritus (5 cases), and rhinitis (3 cases).After a year of following up a patient cohort treated with etanercept 25 mg twice per week, significant clinical results were observed, resulting in adequate disease control in a high percentage of patients with an adequate level of safety.
Published: 2015

42. Differential body composition effects of protease inhibitors recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection: A randomized clinical trial

Author: A. González-Cordón, H. Beleta, I. Santos, Joaquim Peraire, Joaquín Portilla, Pere Domingo, Ignacio Santos, J. Puig, I. Pérez, J.I. Bernardino, G. Barrera, E. Ferrer, E. Negredo, Fernando Dronda, Adria Curran, F. Gutiérrez, M. Pampliega, L. Giner, Helena Beleta, Elena Ferrer, Adrian Curran, A. Aguilar, Mireia Cairó, J. Peraire, Sergio Padilla, Gatell Jm, N. Ramos, José M. Gatell, J. A. Arnaiz, S. Moya, F. Vidal, Esteban Martínez, Andrea Pejenaute, P. Velli, Montserrat Vargas, Félix Gutiérrez, José A. Carton, Elena Losada, Esteve Ribera, José Sanz, Maria Saumoy, Judit Pich, J. Pich, Eugenia Negredo, P. Arcaina, David Garcia, Jose I Bernardino, Daniel Podzamczer, José Ramón Blanco, P. Domingo, Antonio Antela, David Dalmau, M. G. Mateo, J.A. Cartón, M. Gutierrez, N. Rozas, A. Prieto, Mar Masiá, P. Martí-Belda, Jose R. Arribas, Ignacio Perez, Esteban Ribera, J.R. Ramos, Consuelo Viladés, A. Pejenaute, Manel Crespo, Dácil García, Ana González-Cordón, Javier Murillas, A. Lamas, D. Podzamczer, Catalina Robledano, V. Asensi, Juan A. Arnaiz, J.M. Castro, J. Portilla, Ramon Deulofeu, Nuria Ramos, and UAM. Departamento de Medicina
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Medicina, medicine.medical_treatment, HIV Infections, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, immune system diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, HIV Protease Inhibitor, Darunavir, Protease, business.industry, Surrogate endpoint, Proteolytic enzymes, virus diseases, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Middle Aged, Viral Load, humanities, Antiretroviral therapy, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Immunology, Body Composition, Female, Ritonavir, Insulin Resistance, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication in Clinical Infectious Diseases ©2014 The Authors .Published by Oxford University Press on Clinical Infectious Disease 60.5. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu898, Background. It is unclear whether metabolic or body composition effects may differ between protease inhibitor-based regimens recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection. Methods. ATADAR is a phase IV, open-label, multicenter randomized clinical trial. Stable antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults were randomly assigned to atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg or darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine daily. Pre-defined end-points were treatment or virological failure, drug discontinuation due to adverse effects, and laboratory and body composition changes at 96 weeks. Results. At 96 weeks, 56 (62%) atazanavir/ritonavir and 62 (71%) darunavir/ritonavir patients remained free of treatment failure (estimated difference 8.2%; 95%CI -0.6 to 21.6); and 71 (79%) atazanavir/ritonavir and 75 (85%) darunavir/ritonavir patients remained free of virological failure (estimated difference 6.3%; 95%CI -0.5 to 17.6). Seven vs. five patients discontinued atazanavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir due to adverse effects. Total and HDL cholesterol similarly increased in both arms, but triglycerides increased more in atazanavir/ritonavir arm. At 96 weeks, body fat (estimated difference 2862.2 gr; 95%CI 726.7 to 4997.7; P=0.0090), limb fat (estimated difference 1403.3 gr; 95%CI 388.4 to 2418.2; P=0.0071), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (estimated difference 28.4 cm2; 95%CI 1.9 to 55.0; P=0.0362) increased more in atazanavir/ritonavir than in darunavir/ritonavir arm. Body fat changes in atazanavir/ritonavir arm were associated with higher insulin resistance. Conclusions. We found no major differences between atazanavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir in efficacy, clinically-relevant side effects, or plasma cholesterol fractions. However, atazanavir/ritonavir led to higher triglycerides and total and subcutaneous fat than darunavir/ritonavir and fat gains with atazanavir/ritonavir were associated with insulin resistance, This is an Investigator Sponsored Research study. It was supported in part by research grants from Bristol‐Myers Squibb and Janssen‐Cilag; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/01217) and Red Temática Cooperativa de Investigación en SIDA G03/173 (RIS‐EST11), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain. (Registration number: NCT01274780; registry name: ATADAR; EUDRACT; 2010‐021002‐38).
Published: 2015
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43. Natural History of Drug-Resistant Clones ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeColonizing Healthy Children in Portugal

Author: H. de Lencastre, Nelson Frazão, R. Mato, Jonas S. Almeida, Sónia Nunes, António Brito-Avô, João A. Carriço, Joana Saldanha, C. Simas, I. Santos Sanches, and Natacha G. Sousa
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Serotype, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Haemophilus influenzae, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Nasopharynx, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, Child, Pharmacology, Portugal, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, Infant, Child Day Care Centers, Antibodies, Bacterial, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Penicillin, Carriage, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Carrier State, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: A total of 3,539 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) were recovered from 4,969 nasopharyngeal samples of children attending 13 day-care centers (DCCs) located in Lisbon, Portugal, during a surveillance study from January, 2001, through March, 2003, integrated in the European intervention project (EURIS, European Resistance Intervention Study). All Pn isolates were tested for anti-biotyping and drug-resistant pneumococci (DRPn) were further tested by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall carriage of Pn was very high (71.2%) and 39.9% of the isolates were resistant to antimicrobials (22.5% with decreased susceptibility to penicillin and 17.4% susceptible to penicillin and resistant to other antimicrobials). Serotypes 6B, 14, 23 F, 19F, and 19 A were prevalent among the 1,287 DRPn and 5.8% of the isolates were non-typeable. Eighty PFGE patterns were identified among 1,285 DRPn, and 93.1% of the DRPn belonged to 26 major clonal types that comprised: Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN) clones (76.3%), Portuguese (PT)-DCC clones, previously detected in 1996-1999 (14.3%), and EURIS PT-DCC new clones, identified for the first time in the EURIS study, during 2001-2003 (9.4%). Comparing with previous Portuguese surveillance studies carried out since 1996, we observed that carriage increased from 47% to 71%, but no major changes were detected on the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes. Moreover, although PMEN clones were predominant in all DCCs, in the present study the majority of them were gradually decreasing in time whereas several PT-DCC and new clones seemed to be increasing.
Published: 2005
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44. A randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of switching from a protease inhibitor to nevirapine in patients with undetectable viral load

Author: JA Arranz Caso, JC Lopez, I Santos, V Estrada, V Castilla, J Sanz, JP Molina, M Fernandez Guerrero, and M Gorgolas
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nevirapine, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), business.industry, HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Health Policy, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Viral Load, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Discontinuation, Surgery, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Blood chemistry, HIV-1, Patient Compliance, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, Lipodystrophy, business, Viral load, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: To assess the antiviral efficacy and safety of switching from a protease inhibitor (PI) to nevirapine in patients with long-term HIV-1 RNA suppression on PI-containing regimens, and to assess its influence in the adherence to treatment.In an open-label multicentre study, 160 HIV-infected patients with undetectable viral load for at least 6 months on a PI-containing regimen were randomized to either continue with their PI regimen (n=79) or replace PI with nevirapine (n=81). Clinical assessment included plasma HIV-1 RNA, blood chemistry, haematology, lymphocyte counts and adverse events reports. Adherence to treatment and lipodystrophy syndrome were assessed by patient self-reporting.Treatment efficacy was equivalent in the two arms, for patients with viral loads either above or below 100 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. The increase in CD4 cell count was significant in both arms (P0.00001) but the average CD4 cell count at 48 weeks was slightly higher in the nevirapine arm (596 vs. 569; P=0.1588). The number of patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (400 mg/dL) after 48 weeks of treatment decreased in the nevirapine arm (from 11 to six), but increased in the PI arm (from four to 11) and led to treatment discontinuation in two patients. Lipodystrophy changes increased in 15% of patients in the PI arm but decreased in 4% of patients in the nevirapine arm. Finally, although adherence was similar in the two arms, patients reported that it required significantly less effort to stay on treatment in the nevirapine arm. Conclusions The results indicate that switching from PI to nevirapine is as effective as continuing with PI for maintaining viral control, even in patients with baseline viral load above 100,000 copies/mL. In addition, reductions in hypertriglyceridaemia and lipodystrophy and in the effort required to stay on treatment were observed.
Published: 2005
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45. Trends in Drug Resistance, Serotypes, and Molecular Types of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonizing Preschool-Age Children Attending Day Care Centers in Lisbon, Portugal: a Summary of 4 Years of Annual Surveillance

Author: C. R. Alves, H. de Lencastre, I. Santos Sanches, Raquel Sá-Leão, R. Mato, A. Brito Avô, Joana Saldanha, Jonas S. Almeida, S. Nunes, and João A. Carriço
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Serotype, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Tetracycline, medicine.drug_class, Drug resistance, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Nasopharynx, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Serotyping, Child, Lincosamides, Molecular epidemiology, Infant, Child Day Care Centers, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Multiple drug resistance, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract: Of the nasopharyngeal cultures recovered from 942 day care center (DCC) attendees in Lisbon, Portugal, 591 (62%) yielded Streptococcus pneumoniae during a surveillance performed in February and March of 1999. Forty percent of the isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. In particular, 2% were penicillin resistant and 20% had intermediate penicillin resistance. Multidrug resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracycline was the most frequent antibiotype (17% of all isolates). Serotyping and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed for 202 out of 237 drug-resistant pneumococci (DRPn). The most frequent serotypes were 6B (26%), 14 (22%), 19F (16%), 23F (10%), and nontypeable (12%). The majority (67%) of the DRPn strains were representatives of nine international clones included in the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network; eight of them had been detected in previous studies. Fourteen novel clones were identified, corresponding to 26% of the DRPn strains. The remaining 7% of the strains were local clones detected in our previous studies. Comparison with studies conducted since 1996 in Portuguese DCCs identified several trends: (i) the rate of DRPn frequency has fluctuated between 40 and 50%; (ii) the serotypes most frequently recovered have remained the same; (iii) nontypeable strains appear to be increasing in frequency; and (iv) a clone of serotype 33F emerged in 1999. Together, our observations highlight that the nasopharynxes of children in DCCs are a melting pot of successful DRPn clones that are important to study and monitor if we aim to gain a better understanding on the epidemiology of this pathogen.
Published: 2005
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46. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in Arrabida Natural Park (Portugal)

Author: I Santos, Maria Helena Novais, Susana Mendes, and Carlos Pinto-Gomes
Subjects: Pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal, geography.geographical_feature_category, Portugal, Traditional medicine, Ethnobotany, Archaeology, language.human_language, Geography, Taxon, Peninsula, Natural park, Drug Discovery, language, Humans, Medicine, Traditional, Portuguese, Medicinal plants, Protected area, Phytotherapy
Abstract: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Arrabida Natural Park, a Portuguese Protected Area in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, with an area of 10 820 ha. Working with 72 local people, data on medicinal uses of 156 taxa, belonging to 56 botanical families, were obtained and presented, of which 214 uses corresponding to 81 taxa were previously unreported.
Published: 2004
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47. Application of Molecular Typing Methods to Characterize Nosocomial Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Collected in a Greek Hospital During a Three-Year Period (1998–2000)

Author: Iris Spiliopoulou, Christina Bartzavali, H. de Lencastre, M. Aires de Sousa, I. Santos Sanches, Ana Madalena Ludovice, and George Dimitracopoulos
Subjects: Coagulase, DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiology, beta-Lactamases, SmaI, Molecular typing, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, Typing, In Situ Hybridization, Pharmacology, Cross Infection, Greece, biology, Hybridization probe, Chromosomes, Bacterial, Staphylococcal Infections, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, University hospital, biology.organism_classification, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, DNA Probes
Abstract: A total of 143 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CNS) collected between 1998 and 2000 at the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, were characterized by antibiogram and genomic typing to define the clonal types endemic in this hospital and their evolution during the 3-year period. These isolates corresponded to 93 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and 50 other MR-CNS, which were isolated from patients in different wards, exclusively from blood and catheter tips cultures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI macrofragments and hybridization of ClaI digests with mecA and murE DNA probes were performed. The application of these methodologies demonstrated the existence, persistence and spread of MRSE, MR-Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and MR-Staphylococcus hominis clones in this hospital, whereas the SmaI/murE hybridization pattern was shown to be a valuable tool for the MRSE identification.
Published: 2003
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48. Frequent Recovery of a Single Clonal Type of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in Two Hospitals in Taiwan and China

Author: M. Aires de Sousa, I. Santos Sanches, A Tomasz, H. de Lencastre, M. I. Crisóstomo, J. Fuzhong, and J. S. Wu
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), China, Staphylococcus aureus, Molecular epidemiology, Epidemiology, SCCmec, Hybridization probe, Taiwan, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Hospitals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, SmaI, Microbiology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, medicine, Humans, Multilocus sequence typing, Typing
Abstract: One hundred thirty-two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from patients with S. aureus infections between January 1998 and February 1999 in two hospitals, one located in Taipei, Taiwan, and another in Nanjing, People's Republic of China, were examined for antibiotic susceptibility and for clonal type by a combination of three methods: hybridization of Cla I restriction digests with mecA - and Tn 554 -specific DNA probes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal Sma I digests. Selected isolates representing each clonal type were also analyzed by spaA typing, multilocus sequence typing, and a multiplex PCR method capable of identifying the structural type of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) carried by the bacteria. The overwhelming majority of isolates (126 of 132 or 95%) belonged to minor variants of a single clonal type resembling the Brazilian and Hungarian epidemic MRSA clones, which showed a common spaA type and which were either sequence type 239 (ST239) or ST241 (a single-locus variant of ST239) in association with SCC mec type III or IIIA.
Published: 2003
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49. [Selective sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer with contralateral axillary drainage]

Author: I L, Hernandez Pérez, A, Martínez Lorca, I, Santos Gómez, J I, Sánchez Méndez, Y, Ramirez Escalante, and M D, Marin Ferrer
Subjects: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Breast Neoplasms, Mastectomy, Segmental, Lymphatic System, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Nitriles, Humans, Intraoperative Complications, Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin, Neoplasm Staging, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Disease Management, Chemoradiotherapy, Middle Aged, Triazoles, Combined Modality Therapy, Methotrexate, Axilla, Letrozole, Lymph Node Excision, Female, Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, Radiopharmaceuticals, Sentinel Lymph Node, Lymphoscintigraphy
Published: 2014

50. Use of Anthrax Vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

Author: W. P. McKinney, K. Midthun, R. D. Clover, C. Heilman, Kristin L Nichol, Jr Snider, J. E. Cheek, D. Bradshaw, L. D. Rotz, H. D. Wilson, C. T. Le, D. A. Brooks, D. A. Ashford, M. B. Rennels, G. Peter, R. E. Jackson, J. Abramson, J. I. Santos, V. Marchessault, L. Pickering, B. M. Word, S. A. Gall, L. S. Tompkins, F. A. Guerra, John F. Modlin, T. R. Graydon, M. Mahoney, J. D. Siegel, C. M. Helms, G. S. Evans, M. G. Myers, D. R. Johnson, B. J. Howe, S. L. Katz, P. Gardner, P. A. Offit, and W. Schaffner
Subjects: Adult, Immunity, Cellular, Anthrax vaccines, business.industry, Injections, Subcutaneous, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Advisory committee, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, Anthrax Vaccines, Toxicology, Injections, Intramuscular, United States, Anthrax, Immunization, Bacillus anthracis, Environmental health, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Child, business
Abstract: These recommendations concern the use of aluminum hydroxide adsorbed cell-free anthrax vaccine (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed [AVA], BioPort Corporation, Lansing, MI) in the United States for protection against disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. In addition, information is included regarding the use of chemoprophylaxis against B. anthracis.
Published: 2001
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