1. La agricultura de los Andes venezolanos: De la intensificación a la crisis, 1960-2019
- Author
-
David Leroy
- Subjects
History ,N56 ,050204 development studies ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,intensificación ,Q18 ,O13 ,Q1 ,Venezuelan Andes ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,0506 political science ,crisis ,agricultura ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Andes venezolanos ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,intensification ,agriculture - Abstract
espanolLos Andes venezolanos eran una de las regiones mas pobres del pais durante las decadas de 1950-1960. Esta region se encontraba afectada por la explotacion petrolera y la urbanizacion acelerada. Sin embargo, con la introduccion de la horticultura de riego en esa epoca se cambiaron radicalmente los sistemas de produccion andinos con el desarrollo de cultivos de alto valor comercial, por lo que durante varias decadas los Andes venezolanos fueron una fuente importante de enriquecimiento y un nuevo polo de crecimiento para el pais. No obstante, a partir de la decada de 1990 con la intensificacion de las actividades de horticultura comenzaron a manifestarse problemas, tanto en terminos socioeconomicos como medioambientales. Este proceso se acentuo a partir de 2013 con la crisis economica, politica y social que sigue afectando a Venezuela. Hoy en dia los agricultores andinos del pais se enfrentan a varios obstaculos (escasez de combustible, dolarizacion de la economia, perdida de poder adquisitivo de los consumidores, altos precios de los insumos) que hacen que la inversion agricola sea particularmente arriesgada. En un contexto de escasez de alimentos e hiperinflacion, la agricultura de subsistencia esta regresando a los Andes venezolanos, lo que permite a los agricultores producir suficientes alimentos para ellos y sus familias. EnglishThe Venezuelan Andes constituted one of the poorest regions of the country during the 1950s-1960s. This region was affected by oil exploitation and rapid urbanization. However, with the introduction of irrigated horticulture at that time, the Andean production systems were radically changed with the development of crops of high commercial value. For several decades, the Venezuelan Andes were an important source of enrichment and a new growth pole for the country. From the 1990s, however, with the intensification of horticultural activities, problems began to manifest themselves in both socio-economic and environmental terms. This process was accentuated from 2013 with the economic, political and social crisis that continues to affect Venezuela. Today the country's Andean farmers face several obstacles (fuel shortages, dollarization of the economy, loss of consumer purchasing power, high input prices) that make agricultural investment particularly risky. In a context of food shortages and hyperinflation, subsistence farming is returning to the Venezuelan Andes, allowing farmers to produce enough food for themselves and their families.
- Published
- 2021