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Hybrid nanofluids have emerged as a promising field of research in recent years, finding applications in various industries and sectors. The entropy generation and impact of an inclined magnetic field on a water-Ethylene Glycol (50:50) mixture-based nanofluid over a poignant thin needle has been investigated under slip conditions. The flow is swotted using thermal and velocity slip boundary conditions. The numerical effects of an inclined magnetic field on the flow of ferrous and aluminum oxide nanoparticles in a hybrid nanoliquid with as base fluids have been examined. The non-dimensional ODEs along with boundary conditions are solved by numerical technique based on the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method. Velocity profile has been analyzed for the magnetic parameter, inclined angle and volume fractions. The Bejan number provides insights into the balance between heat transfer and entropy generation in a system. From the numerical values of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number, it is analyzed that Al 2 O3 possesses 1.01% and 1.06% of high heat transfer rate and high surface drag force than Fe 3 O4. Heat transfer profile has been analyzed for entropy generation and the Bejan number. The applications of hybrid nanofluids are vast, and one specific area where they can be utilized is in horizontal needle systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brownian motions and Thermophoresis are primary sources of nanoparticle diffusion in nanofluids, having substantial implications for the thermo-physical characteristics of nanofluids. With such a high need, the 2D, laminar MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic) quadratic convective stream of Carreau–Yasuda nano liquid across the stretchy sheet has been reported. The flow is caused by surface stretching. The principal purpose of this extensive study is to enhance thermal transmission. The effects of variable thermal conductivity and heat source are considered as well. The governing boundary layer equations are transmuted using similarity parameters into a series of non-linear ODEs (ordinary differential equations). The bvp4c algorithm is adopted to fix the translated system numerically. The effects of prominent similarity variables over the temperature, velocity and concentration field are graphically visualized and verified via tables. It explored that fluid's speed diminishes for the more significant inputs of the magnetic coefficient, Brownian motion coefficient and Prandtl number. The thermal efficiency is improved for larger values of thermophoretic constant, varying thermal conductance and heat-generating parameters. The concentration field has proved to be a decreasing function of nanofluid constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of solar radiation to thermal energy has recently attracted a lot of interest as the requirement for renewable heat and power grows. Due to their enhanced ability to promote heat transmission, nanofluids can significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of solar-thermal systems. This article focus solar energy aspect on the effects of the thermal radiation in the flow of a hyperbolic tangent nanofluid containing magnesium oxide (MgO) and silver (Ag) are the nanoparticle with the base fluid as kerosene through a wedge and stagnation. The system of hybrid nanofluid transport equations are transformed into ordinary differential systems using the appropriate self-similarity transformations. These systems are then determined by using the Runge-Kutta 4th order with shooting technique in the MATLAB solver. Graphs and tables illustrate the effects of significant factors on the fluid transport qualities. The velocity is growths but it is declarations in temperature by increasing values in the power law index parameter. Weissenberg numbers with higher values improve the temperature and velocity in thewedge and stagnation, respectively. The thermal radiation and Eckert number both parameters intensification the rate of heat transfer forwedge and stagnation, respectively. The heat transfer rate in fluid flowover a stagnation point is found to be 14.0346% higher compared to flowover awedge. Moreover, incorporating hybrid nanoparticles into the base fluid enhances the heat transfer rate by 8.92% for the wedge case and 13.26% for the stagnation point case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research examines the unsteady sensitivity analysis and entropy generation of blood-based silver–titanium dioxide flow in a tilted cylindrical W-shape symmetric stenosis artery. The study considers various factors such as the electric field, joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat source, while taking into account a two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow and periodic body acceleration. The finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equations due to the highly nonlinear nature of the flow equations, which requires a robust numerical technique. The utilization of the response surface methodology is commonly observed in optimization procedures. Drawing inspiration from drug delivery techniques used in cardiovascular therapies, it has been proposed to infuse blood with a uniform distribution of biocompatible nanoparticles. The figures depict the effects of significant parameters on the flow field, such as the electric field, Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume fraction, body acceleration amplitude, Reynolds number, Grashof number, and thermal radiation, on velocity, temperature (nondimensional), entropy generation, flow rate, resistance to flow, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature profiles improve with higher values of the wall slip parameter. The flow rate profiles increase with an increment in wall velocity but decrease with the Womersley number. Increasing the intensity of radiation and decreasing magnetic fields both result in a decrease in the rate of heat transfer. The blood temperature is higher with the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles than the unitary nanoparticles. The total entropy generation profiles increase for higher values of the Brickman number and temperature difference parameters. Unitary nanoparticles exhibit a slightly higher total entropy generation than hybrid nanoparticles, particularly when positioned slightly away from the center of the artery. The total entropy production decreases by 17.97% when the thermal radiation is increased from absence to 3. In contrast, increasing the amplitude of body acceleration from 0.5 to 2 results in a significant enhancement of 76.14% in the total entropy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to investigate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) time-dependent flow past a vertical slanted plate enclosing heat and mass transmission (HMT), induced magnetic field (IMF), thermal radiation (TR), and viscous and magnetic dissipation characteristics on a chemical reaction fluid flow. A boundary layer estimate is taken to develop a movement that exactly captures the time-dependent equations for continuity, momentum, magnetic induction, energy, concentration, generalized Ohm's law, and Maxwell's model. Partial differential equations designate the path occupied by the magnetized fluid as it passes through the porous matrix. In addition, a heat source is included in the model in order to monitor the flow nature in the current study. Because of the nonlinearity in the governing equations, the mathematical models are computed numerically by RK4 method. Further, tables and graphs are depicted to elucidate the physical influence of important factors on the flow characteristics. The novelty of the present work is investigating the irregular heat source and chemical reaction over the porous rotating channel. It is perceived that high thermal radiation occurs with increases in temperature and concentration. It is witnessed that the IMF effect is diminished for large values of magnetic Prandtl number (MPN). It is also analyzed that with increasing the heat source factor, the velocity of the fluid enhances. For stability analysis, the existing effort is compared with the published work and good agreement is found. Moreover, the residue error estimation confirms our solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computer model of heat transmission in a square cavity was created in order to have a better understanding of the consequences. Temperature differences between the top and bottom walls are what cause convection, whereas the remaining left and right walls remain adiabatic and do not contribute to the process (unheated). In order to provide an accurate estimate of the two-dimensional steady flow inside a square cavity, a novel finite volume (FV) method that incorporates adaptive upwind convection is applied. Due to natural convection's widespread use in the industrial sector, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the topic of how its usage affects the rate of heat transfer in enclosed areas. In a square cavity, the equations for the mass balance, momentum balance, and energy balance of the system are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation aims to analyze the nanofluid flow between two infinite rotating horizontal channels. The lower plate is porous and stretchable. The impact of physical parameters such as Hall current, thermal characteristics, heat source/sink, chemical reaction on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. The governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations and then solved numerically using the RK4 approach along with the shooting technique. For varying values of the Schmidt number (SN) and the chemical reaction factor (CRF), the concentration profile declines, but decreases for the activation energy. It is observed that the velocity profile declines with the increasing values of the suction factor. The velocity profile increases when the values of the rotation factors are increased. The temperature field exhibits a rising behavior with increasing values of the thermophoresis factor, Brownian motion, and the thermal radiation factor. It is also observed that the heat transfer rate is significant at the lower wall with the increasing values of the Prandtl number (PN). For the numerical solution, the error estimation and the residue error are calculated for the stability and confirmation of the mathematical model. The novelty of the present work is to investigate the irregular heat source and chemical reaction over the porous rotating channel. A growing performance is revealed by the temperature field, with the increase in the Brownian motion (BM), thermophoresis factor (TF), thermal conductivity factor (TCF), and the radiation factor (RF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For entire heat transfer practitioners from the last ten years, heat transmission performance in cooling and heating applications has become foremost concern. Hence, research towards innovative heat transference fluids is enormously powerful and stimulating. This study examines flow and thermal management in axisymmetric magneto hydrodynamic Polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hybrid nanofluid flow induced by a swirling cylinder. Flow and heat transfer is analyzed and compared for PEG+ Cu2 O+ MgO and PEG+Graphene+ Cu + Ag hybrid nanofluid flow. Shooting technique (R-K 4th order) is applied to work out the flow equations numerically. Simulated results are demonstrated via graphs. The computational results are validated with the published research work and found a modest concurrence. The foremost outcome of this investigation is found to be the axial, swirl and radial velocities in hybrid nanofluid are observed to decay with improvement in Reynolds number, nanofluid volume fraction and magnetic parameter. Platelet shaped nanoparticle colloidal suspension exhibit more decaying axial, swirl and radial velocity compared to spherical shaped nanoparticle colloidal suspension. It is detected that heat transmission rate is higher in PEG + Cu2 + O + MgO Hybrid nanofluid compared with PEG + Graphene + Cu + Ag Hybrid nanofluid. For cooling purpose one can adopt PEG+ Cu2 O + MgO hybrid nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood flow rate monitoring is of great interest to engineers in biomedical sciences and medical investigators, because it may be used to identify a number of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and atherosclerosis. Many researchers have studied cardiac and arterial blood flow using many non-Newtonian fluid models. Blood-like properties are found in several non-Newtonian fluid models, including the tangent hyperbolic, Casson, Williamson, Oldroyd B, Powell–Eyring fluid, etc. The shear-thinning qualities of the tangent hyperbolic fluid model allow it to depict the rheological aspects of blood more adequately. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the effects of gyrotactic microorganisms on the wedge and stagnation point of a plate, along with the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over it. A set of appropriate self-similarity variables is used to transform the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is then rummage-sale to solve these equations. The fluid’s transport qualities are demonstrated through the use of graphs and tables, which illustrate the impact of active parameters. Microorganisms with high motile density are typically associated with Weissenberg numbers. The thermophoresis parameter decreases in wedge and stagnation point flow examples, while it increases in plate flow cases. The multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the parameter of temperature difference significantly influences the heat transfer rate. The study sheds light on a number of topics, including hyperthermia therapies (such as those used to combat cancer), and the transmission of heat and mass in blood streams inside the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is focused on improving the thermal performance of the microchannel heat sink (MCHS) using the passive reentrant cavity approach. The MCHS physical model's single channel was used in a three-dimensional numerical simulation. The basic geometrical layout of the MCHS's computational domain was drawn from previously published research and verified using numerical and analytical correlations that were already in existence. The innovative conical-shaped microchannel heat sink's (CMCHS) properties for heat transmission and fluid flow were examined numerically under steady-state conditions with laminar flow and a constant heat flux. At various flow velocities and configurations, the impacts of the geometrical parameters on pressure drops and heat transfer were examined. The outcome demonstrates a tremendously positive thermal performance with a significantly greater pressure drop than the traditional straight channel. In the microchannels with the conical-shaped reentrant cavities and minimal pressure loss, convection heat transfer is significantly improved. The findings of the present investigation demonstrate that the conical-shaped MCHS is practical and has a good chance of being used in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated a radiative chemically reactive Casson fluid above a cone, plate, and wedge with gyrotactic microorganisms subjected to the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Newton's method and the Runge–Kutta methods were employed to solve the physical problem, and a graphical representation of the numerous impacts of non-dimensional parameters on temperature, velocity, and concentration was created. In addition, we also compared recently published solutions with our current solution, which showed good agreement. From this investigation, we concluded that the motile organisms' momentum, temperature, and concentration density were non-uniform in nature. Here, for engineering importance, we also present the mass transfer and thermal transfer rate over the cone, wedge, and plate cases in a tabular form. We concluded that the mass and heat transfer rate was larger over the cone when compared to the same case over a plate or wedge. The results also highlighted that the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and the mass density of the microorganisms depreciated as the Casson fluid parameter decreased. In summary, we concluded that the gyrotactic microorganisms played a role in enhancing the local Sherwood number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropolar fluids have received a lot of interest for their industrial uses due to their distinctive microstructures. The diversified utilization of heat and mass transport process of micropolar material induced by shrinkable curved surface in raising the efficiency of numerous industrial processes has been found. For instance, extrusion procedure, fiber technology, polymer extraction, etc. The primary motive for conducting this disquisition is to explore the transmission of heat and mass in the flow of a micropolar (non-Newtonian) fluid processing vortex viscosity and micro-inertial aspects over a curved stretching/shrinking sheet. Physical factors of irregular heat generation/absorption rate along with linear radiative heat flux are included in thermal transport whereas mass diffusion involves the impact of Arrhenius kinetics and chemically reactive species. The basic constitutive equation is modeled in curvilinear coordinates after obliging conservation laws. A set of similar variables is implemented to change the governing formulation into the dimensionless format. Multiple branch solutions are attained via the bvp4c procedure. Associated distributions (velocity, micro rotation, temperature, and concentration) are organized against the sundry parameters for both branches and interpreted through sketches. Relevant quantities versus different parameters are also encountered through tabular data. The credibility of computed results is assumed by making agreement with previous studies. After a thorough insight into this work, it is inferred that multiple solutions are noted for distinct values of suction and material parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation involves the Hall current effects past a low oscillating stretchable rotating disk with Joule heating and the viscous dissipation impacts on a Ferro-nanofluid flow. The entropy generation analysis is carried out to study the impact of rotational viscosity by applying a low oscillating magnetic field. The model gives the continuity, momentum, temperature, magnetization, and rotational partial differential equations. These equations are transformed into the ODEs and solved by using bvp4c MATLAB. The graphical representation of arising parameters such as effective magnetization and nanoparticle concentration on thermal profile, velocity profile, and rate of disorder along with Bejan number is presented. Drag force and the heat transfer rate are given in the tabular form. It is comprehended that for increasing nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetization parameter, the radial, and tangential velocity reduce while thermal profile surges. The comparison of present results for radial and axial velocity profiles with the existing literature shows approximately the same results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the word Hybrid is mostly used due to its high impact on various systems like medicinal manufacturing, automotive experimental designs, electrical designs of where heat transport is vital and naval equipment designs etc. The underlying intension of this study is to oversee flow and heat transmission on the three- dimensional boundary layer flow owing to the stretching along x −direction and y −direction of an incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid through a rectangular closed domain is considered. Nanoparticles magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape were considered along with water as base fluid. The proposed system is numerically solved with shooting procedure (R-K 4th order). Outcomes obtained for velocity along x -direction f ′(ζ), velocity along y -direction g (ζ), and temperature distribution θ (ζ) are elucidated via the construction of graph. Comparative studies of obtained results with previously published results are discoursed with different compositions (Composition-I, Composition-II, and Composition-III). The Compsition-1 of mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 00 c , Composition-II mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 100 c and Composition-III mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 500 c.The main outcome of this study is found to be - The important note is the friction factor is higher in normal water compared to water at 100 c , water at500 c.the heat transfer rate is more in quadratic thermal radiation case compared to linear radiation case. The significant note is intermediate temperature water at 100 c is more equated to other two cases water at 500 c and normal water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, investigated the flow and heat transmission a characteristic of a nanofluid in a contracting or expanding porous channel with different permeability's in the influence of thermal radiation. The Ternary hybrid Nanofluid 1(Graphene, carbon nanotubes and aluminium oxide) and Ternary hybrid Nanofluid 2 (Copper, Silver and copper oxide) is considered respectively different shapes like cylindrical, spherical and platelet. The raised governing system is highly nonlinear partial differential system due to this utilised the similarity transformations to convert the ordinary differential system and solved using the boundary value problem solver bvp5c with help of MATLAB. For the case of engineering interest, also calculated skin friction and Nusselt number value for two cases of ternary mixtures. To obtain solutions for the flow variables, the Linear Regression method (LRM) is applied. In an experimental situation where the values of both variables are susceptible to basically unknown errors, the challenge of using statistical methods to identify the optimal linear equation of the type Y = AX +B was investigated. The size of the slope A is underestimated by traditional least-squares regression analysis in this circumstance. A simple approach for calculating the appropriate slope and intercept value has been given when both variables include errors. The effects of a variety of developmental variables on axial velocity and temperature distributions have been investigated. The results of the current study are compared already existing studies. The temperature distribution is higher in case-1 compared to case-2, whereas the quite opposite results are observed in momentum boundary layer. For the two situations, the rate of skin friction is m1 = 0.763107 and m2 = 1.362976. This tell us case-1 the rate of skin friction at the wall is less compared case-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal. The parameters of coated wire products are determined by momentum and heat transmission inside dies. As a consequence, it is essential to understand the polymerization movement, heat mass transmission, and wall stress concentration. The wire covering technique necessitates a boost in thermal efficiency. As a result, the goal of this study is to see how nanomaterials affect the heat and mass transfer mechanisms of third-grade liquid in wire coating analysis. The Buongiorno model is adopted for nanofluids. Methodology/approach. Continuity, momentum, energy, and nanoparticle volume fraction concentration is used to establish the governing equations. For highly nonlinear, the numerical methodology bvph2 technique is applied to yield numerical solutions. The impacts of the input parameters on motion, temperature, and volume fraction are examined using pictorial representations. Moreover, using the ND-solve, the numerical results are validated analytically. Findings. In Reynolds Modeling, the stress on the entire wire surface integrated shear forces at the surface dominate Vogel's model, according to the analytical conclusions of this inquiry. It is observed that the nanomaterials appear to have a favorable impact on wire force throughout the entire surface and shear forces at the surface. The polymer velocity can be increased using a non-Newtonian parameter. The temperature profile is increased in the first half of the segment with larger values of random motion and nonlinear thermal while decreases in the later part. In addition, the Brownian motion component raises the concentration profile, but the thermophoresis factor decreases it. Practical implications. This research could aid in the advancement of wire coating technologies. Originality/value. For the first time, Brownian motion with generation/absorption slippage processes is used to investigate the importance of nanoparticles in wire coating assessment. Two different models are utilized for time-dependent viscosity: Reynolds and Vogel models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning techniques have received a lot of interest in the exploration to minimize the computational cost of computational fluid dynamics simulation. The present article investigates application of heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic flow over a stretching sheet in metallurgy process by employing the learning methodology based on gradient descent. It is anticipated that the consequences of the current work will show the benefits of future research to enhance the development in the domains of science and engineering. A tabular and graphical evaluation greatly demonstrates the similarity between current and previous outcomes in the prescribed fluid flow model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main finding of this research is to describe the numerical analysis of MHD bioconvective base Casson nanomaterials (hybrid nanofluid) flow via a non-Darcy permeable medium confined in a vertical cone with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Feature of hybrid nanofluid which containing nanoparticles like Ag and MgO with water as a working fluid is discussed. Viscous dissipation, thermal stratification, and non-uniform heat source/sink are also investigated as heat transport mechanisms. The 2nd law of thermodynamics is used to determine a total entropy rate, which is based on three different forms of irreversibility's heat transfer, fluid friction, and the Darcy-Forchheimer relation. To get numerical solutions of the flow model is transformed into system of couple nonlinear equations, which is solved by implementing shooting approach. The influence of the evolving parameters on non-dimensional velocity, temperature, concentration, microorganism, and entropy generation distribution is graphically examined. It is worth interesting to see that a stronger value of Casson fluid parameters improves the fluid velocity, whereas fluid velocity reduces by the growth of porosity parameter, the reason behind the reduction of velocity is that greater porosity parameter, contained more nanoparticles, which produce more resistance to the fluid velocity. Further, it is observed that higher estimation of local Rayleigh number improves the entropy generation, because heat production boosts up due to strong values of Rayleigh number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]