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Introduction: Hearing loss due to noise is considered within the prevention plans of the most common occupational diseases. In addition to evaluation of working conditions, other personal factors increasing the risk of hypoacusis, such as diabetes, should be taken into account., Objectives: To explore hearing loss in the workplace and its relationship to impaired fasting baseline blood glucose levels., Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study enrolling 1636 workers from service companies was conducted. Full audiometric evaluation was performed at different frequencies: high frequency (HF), early loss index (ELI), speech average loss (SAL), and monaural and binaural loss. Results were categorized by baseline blood glucose levels: G1 (<100mg/dl), G2 (100-125mg/dl), and G3 (>125mg/dl)., Results: Based on both HF and ELI, 11% of workers had clear indication of deafness. Women with G3 levels showed significant differences in the results of HF and ELI indexes as compared to the G1 group (P=.038 and .046, respectively). A positive association was found between hearing loss and G3 blood glucose levels in HF (OR: .338; p=.002), ELI (OR: .407; p=.007), and the monaural test in the left ear (OR: 4.77×10-5; p=.006)., Conclusions: Despite the methodological limitations of this study, there is evidence for an increased risk of high frequency hearing loss in workers with high baseline blood glucose levels., (Copyright © 2013 SEEN. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific studies indicate that it is common for musicians and their supporting staff to be exposed to intense Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) which can cause several types of hearing disorders which can be career ending injuries. Hearing preservation begins with the awareness of the musician. The main objective of this article concerns what can be done to prevent hearing disorders in musicians, caused by high sound pressure levels in their work, study or leisure environments, since there are no risk criteria validated for this population. Focusing on evidence-based clinical practice, this article will address: 1. The physiology of human hearing and its functioning; 2. Consequences of overexposure to sound; 3. Sound exposure limits to minimize the risk of hearing loss; 4. Specific audiological assessment for musicians; 5. Technologies and strategies to prevent hearing loss in musicians; 6. Hearing loss and tinnitus prevention programs targeting musicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to measure the sound pressure levels generated in a restaurant kitchen located in the countryside of São Paulo - SP. This is a field study whose measurements were made in the internal spaces of a restaurant kitchen and in four cardinal points and a center one, before, during and after customer service. The material used comprised in a Minipa decibel meter. The results revealed a statistical difference between the sound pressure levels measured before and during customer service, and during, the levels were higher. It is possible to conclude that the sound pressure levels obtained are above the allowed by ABNT-NBR 10.152 rule. Noise control measures are necessary, in order to provide better acoustic comfort to workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El ruido ha sido reconocido como un agente físico capaz de afectar la salud de las personas. Constituye un peligroso contaminante, gran generador de daños al sistema auditivo y que altera otros sistemas del cuerpo humano, influyendo negativamente en la salud de los trabajadores, el aprovechamiento de la jornada y la productividad de las organizaciones. La introducción de nuevas tecnologías ha aportado una dinámica a los procesos productivos, agregando el factor ruido y su exposición, como nuevo componente de riesgo ocupacional. Objetivos: Determinar la exposición al ruido y sus efectos auditivos en trabajadores de las áreas de producción de una empresa azucarera venezolana. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, de campo, no experimental, observacional, descriptiva, de corte transversal. La población fue de 248 trabajadores, de los que 167 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se realizó una observación directa y los instrumentos de medición utilizados para el monitoreo ambiental fueron un sonómetro y un dosímetro para las dosimetrías personales. La información obtenida se registró para su procesamiento en una base de datos en el programa de Excel®. Resultados: Todos los trabajadores de la muestra son del sexo masculino, con edades entre 22 y 79 años y un promedio de 47 años. Todos los puestos de trabajo presentaron niveles de ruido ambiental superior a los 85 dBA. El 41,9 % de los trabajadores expuestos a ruido presentaron algún tipo de daño auditivo. Conclusiones: La empresa cuenta con diversas fuentes generadoras de ruido que, al combinarse, lo producen con niveles muy elevados y causantes de daño auditivo neurosensorial. Introduction: Noise has been recognized as a physical agent capable of affecting people's health; it is a dangerous pollutant, a great generator of damage to the auditory system, and alters other systems of the human body, negatively influencing the health of workers, the use of the day and the productivity of organizations. The introduction of new technologies has brought a dynamic to production processes, adding the noise factor and its exposure, as a new component of occupational risk. Objectives: To determine exposure to noise and its hearing effects on workers in the production areas of a Venezuelan sugar company. Methods: Quantitative, field, non-experimental, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional research. The population was 248 workers, of whom 167 met the inclusion criteria. A direct observation was made and the measuring instruments used for environmental monitoring were a sound level meter and a dosimeter for personal dosimetry. The information obtained was recorded for processing in a database in the Excel® program. Results: All workers in the sample are male, aged between 22 and 79 years, and an average of 47 years. All workplaces had ambient noise levels above 85 dBA. 41.9% of workers exposed to noise had some type of hearing damage. Conclusions: The company has several sources that generate noise that, when combined, produce it very high levels and cause sensorineural hearing damage.

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Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Odontologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss affects 20 million workers. There is no drug of choice to reduce the cochlear damage induced by this physical. Material and Methods: Comparative experimental study, which included nine guinea pigs that were grouped into three groups: the first, received a vasodilator (ginkgo biloba); the second received vitamin A, C, E and magnesium; meanwhile the thirdgroup, received saline. All guinea pigs were exposed to 80 decibelsfor eight hours a dayfor seven days; Afterwards, the cochlea were analized and a comparison of the groups according to the Covell and Davis classification was made. Results: When comparing the vasodilator against placebo, wefound a value of p <0.002 in favor of thefirst; but when comparing the vasodilator against vitamins, we did not find statistical significance. Discussion: We propose to carry out more studies to verify if the administration of vasodilators couldprotect the human ear and thus be established as a prophylactic medicine in workers exposed to noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestao & Producao is the property of Gestao & Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Poder Aéreo is the property of Escuela de Postgrados de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO: investigar a ocorrência de perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído (PAIR) em carpinteiros, caracterizando a perda auditiva por faixa etária, tempo de exposição total ao ruído e uso regular de protetores auditivos durante o tempo total de exposição. MÉTODO: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, em uma população de 80 carpinteiros da construção civil, atendidos em uma clínica particular. Foram analisados 60 trabalhadores, conforme dados obtidos na anamnese e ficha do exame audiométrico. RESULTADOS: 49% dos trabalhadores apresentaram audição normal, sendo 58% com limiares auditivos normais bilateralmente e 35% com entalhe audiométrico em 3 kHz, 4 kHz e/ou 6 kHz. 44% apresentaram perfil audiométrico sugestivo de PAIR, destes 74% foram classificados como PAIR bilateral e 19% como PAIR unilateral. Houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupo PAIR e Normal em relação às variáveis idade (p=0,001), assim como o tempo total de exposição ao ruído ocupacional (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: quanto maior a idade e o tempo de profissão como carpinteiro, maior é a sua alteração auditiva, principalmente, devido à exposição ao ruído elevado durante a jornada de trabalho, sendo também constatado que as medidas de controle pelo uso do protetor são insuficientes para prevenir perdas auditivas. Portanto, sugerem-se medidas preventivas em saúde auditiva ativamente nessa população estudada, no ramo da construção civil.PURPOSE: to investigate the occurrence of noise induced hearing loss in carpenters, characterizing the hearing loss for age group, time of total exposure to noise and regular use of hearing protectors during the total exposure time. METHOD: retrospective and descriptive study in a population of 80 construction carpenters, attended at a private clinic. 60 workers were analyzed, as data on medical history and record of audiometric testing. RESULTS: 49% of the workers shoed normal hearing, being 58% with normal bilaterally hearing thresholds and 35% with audiometric notch in 3 kHz, 4 kHz and/or 6 kHz. 44% showed suggestive audiometric profile of NIHL, of these 74% were classified as bilateral NIHL and 19% as unilateral NIHL. There were significant differences between the NIHL group and normal to the age variables (p=0.001), as well as the total time of exposure to occupational noise (p=0,002). CONCLUSION: the greater the age and length of employment as a carpenter were, the greater their hearing loss, mainly due to exposure to loud noise during the working day, and we also noted that measures taken in order to control the use of the auricular protector are insufficient to prevent hearing loss. Therefore, we suggest active preventive measures in hearing health in this studied population, in the field of civil construction.

OBJETIVO: caracterizar o perfil de pescadores participantes de uma ação educativa desenvolvida como parte do Programa de Prevenção de Perdas Auditivas. MÉTODO: estudo seccional realizado com 52 pescadores industriais. Realizou-se ações educativas abordando temas pertinentes à audição, como funcionamento e cuidados. Após a ação, os participantes responderam a um questionário com questões referentes aos conceitos empregados na palestra e às queixas apresentadas, a seguir fizeram o exame de audiometria. RESULTADOS: a idade dos pescadores variou de 24 a 65 anos (média de 42,8 anos). 61,53% das audiometrias estavam alteradas, sendo que 96,8% dos pescadores com alterações auditivas tinham mais de 40 anos. No questionário respondido, 78,84% dos pescadores consideram que o ruído das embarcações é de forte intensidade; 17,31% referiam dificuldades auditivas; 30,77% com dificuldades em compreender fala e 46,15% com zumbido. 76,92% responderam que além da perda auditiva, o zumbido é um dos efeitos relacionados à exposição ao ruído. Todos estes resultados indicam a necessidade de intervenção preventiva individual e coletiva nesta população. O índice de perdas auditivas é um número que chama a atenção, porém, poucos sentem dificuldades auditivas. A ação educativa realizada foi o primeiro passo para a conscientização destes trabalhadores em relação à prevenção dos prejuízos que a exposição ao ruído pode causar à saúde. CONCLUSÕES: houve dependência significante entre o perfil auditivo e a idade dos pescadores, ou seja, a ocorrência de alterações auditivas é significativamente maior a partir de 40 anos de idade. Assim, os pescadores que apresentavam mais de 40 anos de idade tem 18,05 vezes mais alterações auditivas do que os com menos de 40 anos.PURPOSE: to characterize fishermen's profile, participating in an educational program developed as part of the Prevention of Hearing Loss. METHOD: a cross-sectional study conducted with 52 fishing industry. We carried out educational activities on topics relevant to hearing, such as, operation and care. After the program, the participants answered a questionnaire on the concepts used in the lecture and the presented complaints, and then they passed through the audiometric exam. RESULTS: the age of the participants varied from 24 to 65 year old (average 42.8 year old). 61.53% of audiometry exams were altered and 96.8% of fishermen with hearing loss were more than 40 year old. Answering the questionnaire: 78.84% of the fishermen feel the noise of boats is very intense, 17.31% reported hearing difficulties; 30.77% with difficulty to understanding speech and 46.15% with tinnitus. 76.92% answered that along with hearing loss, tinnitus is one of the effects related to exposure to noise. All these findings indicate the need for individual and collective preventive intervention in this population. The rate of hearing loss is a number that draws attention; however, few have hearing difficulty. The performed educational program was the first step to awareness of these workers regarding prevention of the damage that exposure to noise may come to cause to health. CONCLUSIONS: there was significant dependence between the auditory and age of the fishermen, in other words, the occurrence of hearing loss is significantly greater from 40 year old. Thus, the fishermen who were more than 40 year old had 18.05 times more hearing loss than those who are less than 40 year old.

O estudo das altas frequências vem demonstrando sua importância para detecção de danos na orelha interna. Em alguns casos, as frequências convencionais não são sensíveis a alterações da orelha interna em seu estágio inicial. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados dos limiares das altas frequências de indivíduos expostos ao ruído com audiometria convencional normal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte transversal retrospectivo com 47 combatentes do Corpo de Bombeiros do Rio de Janeiro alocados no aeroporto Santos Dumont e 33 militares sem exposição ao ruído. Os grupos foram divididos em duas faixas etárias: 30-39 anos e 40-49 anos. Imediatamente após a audiometria tonal e vocal eram testadas as altas frequências. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mais significativos ocorreram na faixa de 40 a 49 anos, onde o grupo experimental apresentou limiar significativamente maior que o grupo controle 14000Hz (p = 0,008) e 16000Hz (p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que o ruído interferiu nos limiares das altas frequências, onde todas as médias encontradas no grupo experimental foram maiores do que as do grupo controle. Sugeriu-se que esses dados reforçariam a importância da pesquisa das altas frequências, mesmo com a audiometria convencional normal, no diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva induzida pela exposição ao ruído.The study of high frequencies has proven its importance for detecting inner ear damage. In some cases, conventional frequencies are not sensitive enough to pick up early changes to the inner ear. AIM: To analyze the results of threshold high frequency analysis of individuals exposed to noise with normal conventional audiometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, in which we studied 47 firefighters of the Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro, based on Santos Dumont airport and 33 military men without noise exposure. They were broken down into two age groups: 30-39years and 40-49years. The high frequencies were studied immediately after conventional audiometry. RESULTS: The results were most significant in the 40 to 49 years of age range, where the experimental group showed significantly higher threshold values than the control group 14000Hz (p = 0.008) and 16,000Hz (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that noise interfered with high frequency thresholds, where all the mean values found in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. We suggest that these data reinforce the importance of studying high frequencies, even with normal conventional audiometry in the early detection of noise-induced hearing loss.

A perda auditiva induzida por ruído é estudada há muitos anos, e atualmente a literatura especializada estuda também a ação sinérgica dos produtos químicos, uma vez que eles podem ser potencialmente ototóxicos. OBJETIVO: Pesquisar os achados audiológicos em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído ocupacional e a praguicidas e comparar com os dados obtidos em trabalhadores expostos ao ruído. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados os prontuários de indivíduos que foram expostos ao praguicida e ao ruído (grupo I), e indivíduos que foram somente expostos ao ruído (grupo II). RESULTADOS: A classificação dos achados audiométricos revelou para o grupo I: 35% orelhas normais, 53,75% com perda auditiva de grau 1 e 11,25% com perda de grau 2. Enquanto que o grupo II apresentou 57,5% de orelhas normais, 40% com perda auditiva de grau 1 e apenas 2,5% com perda de grau 2. A análise dos achados audiométricos demonstrou também uma piora significativa após a comparação entre os limiares do grupo I e grupo II, na frequência de 3 kHz orelha esquerda e na frequência de 4kHz em ambas as orelhas. CONCLUSÃO: A análise mostrou que o grupo I tem limiares audiométricos piores comparado ao grupo II.Noise-induced hearing loss has been studied for many years and today many experts also investigate the synergic action of chemical products, since they can be potentially ototoxic. AIM: to investigate the audiological findings in workers exposed to occupational noise and pesticide and to compare it to data from noise-exposed workers. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical retrospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: individuals that had been exposed to pesticide and noise (group I), and individuals that had been exposed to noise only (group II). RESULTS: The classification of the audiometric findings showed in that group I: 35% had normal hearing thresholds, 53.75% had degree 1 hearing loss and 11.25% had degree 2 hearing loss; and group II had 57.5% of normal hearing, 40% had degree 1 hearing loss and only 2.5% had degree 2 hearing loss. The analysis of the audiometric findings also showed a significant worsening after comparing groups I and II thresholds, in the frequency of 3 kHz on the left ear and 4 kHz on both ears. CONCLUSION: The analysis showed that group I had worse audiometric thresholds compared to group II.

OBJETIVO: caracterizar o perfil auditivo de trabalhadores de um entreposto de carnes e derivados da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo em que foram avaliados 53 trabalhadores desse entreposto, com aplicação de questionário e análise de exames audiométricos. RESULTADOS: dos funcionários avaliados, três (5,66%) apresentaram perda auditiva induzida por ruído. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre o tempo de trabalho na empresa e o desenvolvimento de perda auditiva induzida por ruído. Os sintomas auditivos mais encontrados foram dificuldade de entender as palavras (13,2%) e intolerância a sons intensos (11,3%); e os sintomas não auditivos foram dor de cabeça (16,9%) e irritabilidade (11,3%). Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante (pPURPOSE: to characterize the auditory profile of workers at a Meat and Derivative Warehouse of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. METHODS: it is a transversal study where 53 workers of this warehouse had been evaluated, with application of questionnaire and analysis of audiometric examinations. RESULTS: from the evaluated employees, 5.66% showed induced auditory loss for noise. The exposition time did not relate with induced auditory loss for noise. The most common auditory symptoms had been difficulty to understand words (13.2%) and difficulty to bear the intense sounds (11.3%) and the not auditory symptoms had been headache (16.9%) and irritability (11.3%). Significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) when correlating the individuals with normal and modified hearing with the presence of humming, complaint about listening abilities and difficulty to talk in noisy environments. CONCLUSION: the results reveled that individuals with audiometries suggesting induced auditory loss for noise were more vulnerable to humming, also showing more difficulty to talk in noisy environments. However, the others auditory and non-auditory complaints were raised in both groups, regardless of the existence of auditory loss.

OBJETIVO: traçar o perfil audiométrico de pacientes expostos a ruído, atendidos no Núcleo de Saúde Ocupacional da Fundação Hospitalar de Montes Claros (Hospital Aroldo Tourinho) em Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: análise de prontuários audiológicos do Núcleo de Saúde Ocupacional da Fundação Hospitalar de Montes Claros/MG de trabalhadores expostos a ruído ocupacional no período de junho a dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: a amostra de prontuários caracterizou-se por predominância do sexo masculino (98,3%), com média de 34,7 anos idade. Dos dados obtidos: 37,9% dos trabalhadores não usavam nenhum tipo de protetor auditivo; 19,8% dos trabalhadores foram expostos a um ou mais agente químico; 17% descreveram alguma queixa auditiva; 6,3% usavam algum medicamento; 7,4% citaram doenças prévias; 6,7% relataram deficientes auditivos na família. Identificou-se que 13,2% dos trabalhadores apresentaram perda auditiva na orelha direita (31,8% destas perdas auditivas foram sugestivas de perda auditiva induzida por níveis elevados de pressão sonora) e 15,5% na orelha esquerda (36,77% destas perdas auditivas foram sugestivas de perda auditiva induzida por níveis elevados de pressão sonora). CONCLUSÃO: nesta pesquisa houve uma alta prevalência de alterações audiométricas sugestivas de perda auditiva induzida por níveis elevados de pressão sonora, com predomínio maior de perdas auditivas na orelha esquerda. Também houve diferenças significantes em relação à exposição diária dos trabalhadores ao ruído, ao ruído extra-ocupacional e às funções desempenhadas pelos trabalhadores. Além disso, é preocupante o uso insuficiente e inadequado do equipamento de proteção individual auricular por parte dos trabalhadores expostos ao ruído.PURPOSE: to draw the audiometric profile of patients exposed to noise, attended the Center for Occupational Health Foundation's Hospital of Montes Claros (Aroldo Tourinho Hospital) in Minas Gerais. METHODS: analysis of audiological records of the Center for Occupational Health of Foundation Hospital of Montes Claros / MG of workers exposed to occupational noise in the period June to December 2006. RESULTS: the sample of medical records characterized by male predominance (98.3%), with a mean age of 34.7 years. Data obtained as follows: 37.9% of workers were not using any type of hearing protector, 19.8% of workers were exposed to one or more chemical agent, 17% reported hearing any complaints, 6.3% used some medicine, 7, 4% cited previous diseases, 6.7% reported hearing disability in the family. It was identified that 13.2% of workers had hearing loss in right ear (31.8% of hearing loss were suggestive of hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure) and 15.5% in the left ear (36.77% of hearing loss were suggestive of hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure). CONCLUSION: in this study there was a high prevalence of suggestive audiometric alterations concerning hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure, with higher prevalence of hearing loss in the left ear. There were also significant differences in relation to workers' daily exposure to noise, noise and non-occupational tasks performed by the workers. Moreover, the inadequate and inappropriate use of personal auricular protective equipment by workers exposed to noise is preoccupying.

Frequentemente, os indivíduos com perda auditiva têm dificuldade de entender a fala no ambiente ruidoso. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente o desempenho dos indivíduos adultos com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial, com relação à percepção da fala, utilizando o aparelho de amplificação sonora individual digital com o algoritmo de redução de ruído denominado Speech Sensitive Processing, ativado e desativado na presença de um ruído. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Este estudo de casos foi realizado em 32 indivíduos com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial de graus leve, moderado ou leve a moderado. Foi realizada a avaliação por meio de um teste de percepção de fala, onde se pesquisou o reconhecimento de sentenças na presença de um ruído, para obter a relação sinal/ruído, utilizando o aparelho auditivo digital. RESULTADOS: O algoritmo pôde proporcionar benefício para a maioria dos indivíduos deficientes auditivos, na pesquisa da relação sinal/ruído e os resultados apontaram diferença estatisticamente significante na condição em que o algoritmo encontrava-se ativado, comparado quando o algoritmo não se encontrava ativado. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do algoritmo de redução de ruído deve ser pensado como alternativa clínica, pois observamos a eficácia desse sistema na redução do ruído, melhorando a percepção da fala.Often, individuals with hearing loss have difficulties understanding speech in noisy environments. AIM: It was the aim of this study to assess the performance of adult individuals with sensorineural hearing loss, associated with speech perception using digital hearing aids with a sound reduction algorithm called Speech Sensitive Processing, on and off, in the presence of noise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case study was performed with 32 individuals with sensorineural hearing loss of mild, moderate or mild to moderate level. Our evaluation involved a speech perception test, where we investigated the recognition of sentences in noise, in order to get a signal/noise ratio, with a digital hearing aid. Result DESCRIPTION: The algorithm provided a benefit for most hearing impaired individuals, in the investigation of signal/noise ratio and the results pointed to a statistically significant difference when the algorithm was on, compared to when the algorithm was off. CONCLUSION: The use of a sound reduction algorithm must be considered as a clinical alternative - since we observed an efficacy in noise reduction and heightened speech perception.

OBJETIVO: estudar a audição dos alunos de uma academia de ginástica durante o exercício físico, analisando os resultados das emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção (EOAPD), antes e após a exposição à música eletronicamente amplificada. MÉTODOS: foi aplicado um questionário em 20 indivíduos, sendo os mesmos avaliados por meio das EOAPD, antes e após a execução do exercício físico e exposição à música. RESULTADOS: uma elevada porcentagem de exposições extra-ocupacionais e de lazer (65%) foi encontrada ao analisar as queixas. Observou-se que 40% dos alunos de academia de ginástica apresentaram dores de cabeça e insônia; sete, intolerância para sons intensos; cinco, plenitude auricular e irritabilidade; cinco, nervosismo; quatro, tontura; e três relataram apresentar zumbidos após as aulas. No teste de EOPD, houve presença de respostas em 100% das orelhas testadas no momento 1 (M1), porém, no momento 2 (M2), houve presença de resposta em 75%. As frequências que apresentaram maior percentual de falhas no momento 2 (M2) foram 3KHz, 4KHz e 5 KHz. CONCLUSÃO: exercício físico associado a elevados níveis de pressão sonora de música provocam alterações nas EOA-PD, principalmente nas frequências de 3000Hz, 4000Hz e 5000Hz. Desse modo, alunos de academia de ginástica que ficam expostos à música eletronicamente amplificada podem estar prejudicando a audição. Há necessidade, portanto, das academias avaliarem as condições acústicas de suas salas de aulas, a partir da análise de profissionais especializados no intuito de verificarem os níveis sonoros, desse modo, observando se estes (NPS) estão compatíveis com os valores recomendados pela lei.PURPOSE: to study the hearing of individuals in a fitness gym while exercising, analyzing their distortion product evoked otoacustic emissions (DPOAE) test after and before exposure to electronically amplified music. METHODS: a questionnaire was applied to 20 individuals and evaluated through DPOAE test after and before physical exercises with electronically amplified music exposure. RESULTS: most of the individuals (65%) had extra-occupational exposure. The most frequent complaints were headache and insomnia (40%); hearing difficulty (35%); aural fullness (25%); irritability and nervousness (25%); dizziness (20%); and tinnitus (15%) after exercises. Although DPOAE occurred in 100% of the ears before the exposure (moment 1 - M1), 25% failed on the second test, after the exercises (moment 2 - M2). The frequencies that most failed in the DPOAE test were 3 KHz, 4KHz and 5KHz. CONCLUSION: this study shows that individuals exposed to electronic amplified music, may have hearing loss complaints and have signs of such loss.

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is an insidious and cumulative disease that worsens over the years with work-related noise exposure. AIM: To evaluate the noise spectrum influence on NIHL prevalence in workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This a cross-sectional historical cohort carried out in steel mills, lumber mills and marble shops, with noise levels above 85dB, in which we evaluated the auditory thresholds for frequencies from 250Hz to 8,000Hz. To evaluate the work environment, we observed the entire setting, aiming at checking sound intensities in an eighth frequency filter. RESULTS: We carried out 192 hearing threshold evaluations after an occupational anamnesis. Concerning NIHL, we noticed that 49% of the audiometry results presented hearing deterioration in the acute frequencies. We studied the mean values and standard deviations for frequencies over 3,000Hz, in all workers, and we observed that the highest average values were in the frequency of 6,000Hz. We did not notice any association among frequency bands carrying intense noise levels and the hearing damage frequency. CONCLUSION: Noise intensity seems to be the main risk factor for loss hearing, regardless of frequency range.A Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído (PAIR) é uma doença insidiosa cumulativa, que cresce ao longo dos anos de exposição ao ruído associado ao ambiente de trabalho. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do espectro de ruído na prevalência de PAIR em trabalhadores. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal realizado em indústrias metalúrgicas, madeireiras e marmorarias, com níveis de ruído acima de 85dB, nas quais avaliou-se o limiar auditivo para as frequências de 250Hz a 8.000Hz. Na avaliação ambiental verificou-se a distribuição da intensidade sonora em filtro de frequência de oitava. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 192 avaliações do limiar auditivo precedidas de anamnese ocupacional. Em relação à PAIR observou-se que 49,0% dos resultados audiométricos apresentam entalhe em frequências agudas no audiograma. Foram verificadas as médias e o desvio padrão das frequências a partir de 3.000Hz em todos os trabalhadores, e observa-se que as maiores médias encontram-se na frequência de 6.000Hz. Não foi observada associação entre as bandas de frequência com níveis intensos de ruído e a frequência da lesão auditiva. CONCLUSÃO: A intensidade do ruído parece ser o principal fator de risco para perda auditiva, independentemente da banda de freqüência.

To find out prevalence of noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss in workers exposed to noise in four companies implicated in wood processing in the city of Cartagena. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four companies sawmills the timber sector of the city of Cartagena, dedicated to the transformation of the log wooden board and batten through cutting, brushing and chamfering wood. The study population was twenty machining area workers exposed to noise. A preliminary evaluation was done to know in detail the work environment and the circumstances under which workers are exposed to noise, noise characteristics and sources. Results: The prevalence of noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss was 20%. It was found in the study group that 5% with hearing loss among workers 41 to 45 years old and 15% in workers over 46 years old. As for the time of service in the various companies, workers from 1 to 30 years had 20% of sensorineural hearing loss induced by noise. In the measurement of noise exposure per job based on the different selected companies the equivalent continuous level of between 95.7 dB (A) to 101.9 dB (A) which exceeds the permissible limit values determined according to the US ACGIH criteria. The risk level is high in one of the companies as a medium risk was found in the other selected companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to examine the relationship between the use of headphones and hearing impairments and hearing caused by portable music players. Methods: the purpose was to collect data through a questionnaire answered by the participants. Realization of audiometric tests: tonal and vocal audiometry, immittance, and acoustic reflexes, transient otoacoustic emissions and distortion product otoacoustic emissions, subsequently the data were compared between individuals of the same group and the groups were compared itself (the experimental group and control group). For statistical analysis we used the chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: some of the variables investigated, such as the use of headphones 1 to 2 hours a day, the presence of non auditory and auditory complaints, exposure to high sound pressure levels of extra-occupational once a week to be nonsmoker do not use drugs prescription and not ringing often possessed statistically significant for the experimental group. Regarding hearing complaints there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups concerning the feeling of muffled ear and sensation of decreased hearing. Conclusion: the temporary symptoms indicate the potential harmful effects of listening to portable music players for an hour a day. Research is needed to assess long-term damage to the auditory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: the aim of this study is to measure noise levels during the school year in two classrooms in a grade of elementary school, a private schools one and a public school another, in both case frequented by deaf students cochlear implant users, to analyze whether noise levels are consistent with the standard Brazilian NBR 10152 of ABNT (1990) and school staff to discuss strategies to minimize the impact of noise on learning of deaf students. Methods: we performed eight measurements of noise level, using a dosimeter, model 1444, in each classroom, in a private and public schools. At the same time the measurements were conducted with monthly meetings with teachers from both schools. Results: we found that levels of noise present in the public ranged from 74.3 to 79 dB (A) and in the private noise levels ranged between 76.1 and 80.9 dB (A). In each of these schools were made 8 meetings. Conclusion: after observations we found high levels of noise in the school environment, and there were no statistical differences between both networks. Referring to monthly meetings it was clear that educators have adopted strategies to help communication within the school environment. It´s clearly the need to acquire technological resource accessibility for deaf students who use oral communication, the system of modulated frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Através da técnica da regressão linear múltipla, estudou-se a relação existente entre a perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído e as variáveis "tempo total acumulado de trabalho como condutor de veículos coletivos urbanos", "pressão arterial diastólica" e "idade", em uma população de 278 motoristas e cobradores usuários de um serviço de saúde ocupacional da cidade de Campinas, estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Os principais resultados encontrados foram uma associação positiva entre a perda auditiva e o tempo acumulado de trabalho, bem como a existência de uma interação entre esta variável e a idade dos condutores.Through regression analysis the relationship between noise-induced hearing loss and variables "total cumulative working time", "arterial blood pressure" and "age" was examined. The study was carried out among 278 bus drivers and ticket takers, users of an occupational health center in Campinas, São Paulo State (Brazil). The main results were a positive association between hearing loss and cumulative working time, as well as an interaction between this variable and the bus workers' age.

Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal no Distrito Federal, em indústrias de diferentes funções, com níveis de ruído acima de 85 dB(A), realizado em 2007. Objetivos: determinar a prevalência de alterações auditivas, bem como levantamento de indicadores de PAIR, identificar a percepção de um som elevado para o indivíduo, e verificar a presença de zumbido nessa população. A amostra foi composta de 292 trabalhadores que realizaram avaliações do limiar auditivo precedidas de anamnese. Observou-se que 46% apresentam algum tipo de perda auditiva e que 37,33% tem presença de zumbido. A PAIR e a idade do trabalhador são variáveis preditoras do zumbido, e quanto maior for o grau da perda auditiva e a idade do trabalhador, maior será a percepção do sintoma. Este estudo aponta a necessidade de um trabalho com ações preventivas e de orientação com relação ao nível elevado do som ou ruído nos ambientes de trabalho.

Purpose: to assess how health professionals who work at companies in the Manaus Industrial Pole understand the Hearing Loss Prevention Program and apply its practices at work. Methods: semi-structured interviews with twenty occupational health physicians and twenty audiologists were conducted using a qualitative method. Results: following the content analysis method, the professionals were divided into three categories according to their understanding of the Hearing Loss Prevention Program: pragmatic view, disciplinary view and systemic view. These categories reflect their professional attitude and make clear the limitations and advances of companies regarding their workers' health, in particular their hearing health. Conclusions: this study shows that there is still a big gap between what is proposed and what is actually done. Based upon the collected data, it can be concluded that health professionals who work at companies in the Manaus Industrial Pole address relevant aspects of the programme, but they implement actions in a disconnected way, focusing on the minimum legal requirements and thereby limiting the efficiency of the program. The reasons for that are: a topic for further studies, aiming to gather all the social actors and clarify the context in several dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the comfort of the individual hearing protectors as part of an intervention for prevention of hearing loss in workers exposed to high noise levels, using a questionnaire of comfort assessment. Method: company safety and health records were reviewed, noise measurements were performed, new HPDs were selected, the comfort of the devices was evaluated and audiometric tests were conducted. The study population was 20 workers exposed to noise levels above 80 dB(A). The workers used two types of HPD (earplugs and earmuffs), each for 15 days, followed by an application of the questionnaire after each trial period. Results: 85% of the participants were males and 15% females and their average age was 35 years old. The comfort index for the studied earplug was 4.6, and for the studied earmuff was 6.1. The participants wore the HPDs during their full work shift which lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes. Other barriers were indentified to the use of hearing protection: interference with communication (20%), decreased hearing (10%) and lack of clarity on the need to use it (10%). Conclusion: the HPDs analyzed in this study had their scores acceptable and were considered both comfortable. However, there was a significant difference in the comfort Index between protectors of different types (earplug and earmuff). The conclusion was that the earmuff is considered the most comfortable and more accepted HPDs by this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty of understanding speech with background noise is perceived as one of the main disabilities of the hearing aids users. The purpose of this study was to compare the hearing performance of subjects with sensorioneural, bilateral, light to moderate degree hearing loss with the microphones omnidirectional, fixed directional mode and automatically activated adaptive directional mode, activated through the signal/noise ratio (S/R) in which the Sentence Recognition Threshold in Noise are obtained. It was used the hearing aid Reach, RCH62, Beltone in omnidirectional, fixed directional and automatically activated adaptive microphone modes. The following presentations of acoustic stimulus had been tested: speech 0° azimuth and noise 180° azimuth (0°/180°), speech 90° azimuth and noise 270° azimuth (90°/270°) and speech 270° azimuth and noise 90° azimuth (270°/90°). The average signal to noise ratio ranged from 6,6 dB to -6,9 dB. The microphone that had the best average for signal to noise ratio, considering the three conditions of stimulus presentation, was the automatically activated adaptive. However, because it is a small sample, there was great individual variability. Further studies should be performed to obtain scientific support for the most appropriate selection of microphones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the speech perception of hearing impaired children fitted with hearing aids and frequency modulation (FM) system in noisy environments, as well as in the classroom. Methods: Participants were 13 hearing impaired children with ages between 7 and 17 years. The Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) was applied with hearing aids and with FM systems. The FM System Evaluation Questionnaire was answered by the children's teachers, in order to assess individually the children's performances in different hearing situations wearing only hearing aids, and with both the hearing aid and an FM system. Results: Difference was found for every situation with and without FM in the HINT. The same holds true for the results obtained with the questionnaire, and the score without the FM system was always lower than with FM, regardless of the condition. Conclusion: The use of subjective measures, such as the questionnaire, is essential to determine the efficacy of recommending auxiliary devices for hearing impaired people. The FM system's effectiveness can be observed by the "FM advantage", which is the mean minimum difference of 10 dB found in speech perception assessments with and without FM in noisy situations. The benefits found in this study with the use of FM systems for better speech perception might be extrapolated not only to the classroom and inclusive education legislation, but also to social and recreational activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to investigate the occurrence of noise induced hearing loss in carpenters, characterizing the hearing loss for age group, time of total exposure to noise and regular use of hearing protectors during the total exposure time. Method: retrospective and descriptive study in a population of 80 construction carpenters, attended at a private clinic. 60 workers were analyzed, as data on medical history and record of audiometric testing. Results: 49% of the workers shoed normal hearing, being 58% with normal bilaterally hearing thresholds and 35% with audiometric notch in 3 kHz, 4 kHz and/or 6 kHz. 44% showed suggestive audiometric profile of NIHL, of these 74% were classified as bilateral NIHL and 19% as unilateral NIHL. There were significant differences between the NIHL group and normal to the age variables (p=0.001), as well as the total time of exposure to occupational noise (p=0,002). Conclusion: the greater the age and length of employment as a carpenter were, the greater their hearing loss, mainly due to exposure to loud noise during the working day, and we also noted that measures taken in order to control the use of the auricular protector are insufficient to prevent hearing loss. Therefore, we suggest active preventive measures in hearing health in this studied population, in the field of civil construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the dentistry practice, dentists are exposed to harmful effects caused by several factors, such as the noise produced by their work instruments. In 1959, the American Dental Association recommended periodical hearing assessments and the use of ear protectors. Aquiring more information regarding dentists', dental nurses', and prosthodontists' hearing abilities is necessary to propose prevention measures and early treatment strategies. Objective: To investigate the auditory thresholds of dentists, dental nurses, and prosthodontists. Method: In this clinical and experimental study, 44 dentists (Group I; GI), 36 dental nurses (Group II; GII), and 28 prosthodontists (Group III; GIII) were included, , with a total of 108 professionals. The procedures that were performed included a specific interview, ear canal inspection, conventional and high-frequency threshold audiometry, a speech reception threshold test, and an acoustic impedance test. Results: In the 3 groups that were tested, the comparison between the mean hearing thresholds provided evidence of worsened hearing ability relative to the increase in frequency. For the tritonal mean at 500 to 2,000 Hz and 3,000 to 6,000 Hz, GIII presented the worst thresholds. For the mean of the high frequencies (9,000 and 16,000 Hz), GII presented the worst thresholds. Conclusion: The conventional hearing threshold evaluation did not demonstrate alterations in the 3 groups that were tested; however, the complementary tests such as high-frequency audiometry provided greater efficacy in the early detection of hearing problems, since this population's hearing loss impaired hearing ability at frequencies that are not tested by the conventional tests. Therefore, we emphasize the need of utilizing high-frequency threshold audiometry in the hearing assessment routine in combination with other audiological tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to characterize fishermen's profile, participating in an educational program developed as part of the Prevention of Hearing Loss. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 52 fishing industry. We carried out educational activities on topics relevant to hearing, such as, operation and care. After the program, the participants answered a questionnaire on the concepts used in the lecture and the presented complaints, and then they passed through the audiometric exam. Results: the age of the participants varied from 24 to 65 year old (average 42.8 year old). 61.53% of audiometry exams were altered and 96.8% of fishermen with hearing loss were more than 40 year old. Answering the questionnaire: 78.84% of the fishermen feel the noise of boats is very intense, 17.31% reported hearing difficulties; 30.77% with difficulty to understanding speech and 46.15% with tinnitus. 76.92% answered that along with hearing loss, tinnitus is one of the effects related to exposure to noise. All these findings indicate the need for individual and collective preventive intervention in this population. The rate of hearing loss is a number that draws attention; however, few have hearing difficulty. The performed educational program was the first step to awareness of these workers regarding prevention of the damage that exposure to noise may come to cause to health. Conclusions: there was significant dependence between the auditory and age of the fishermen, in other words, the occurrence of hearing loss is significantly greater from 40 year old. Thus, the fishermen who were more than 40 year old had 18.05 times more hearing loss than those who are less than 40 year old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to draw the audiometric profile of patients exposed to noise, attended the Center for Occupational Health Foundation's Hospital of Montes Claros (Aroldo Tourinho Hospital) in Minas Gerais. Methods: analysis of audiological records of the Center for Occupational Health of Foundation Hospital of Montes Claros / MG of workers exposed to occupational noise in the period June to December 2006. Results: the sample of medical records characterized by male predominance (98.3%), with a mean age of 34.7 years. Data obtained as follows: 37.9% of workers were not using any type of hearing protector, 19.8% of workers were exposed to one or more chemical agent, 17% reported hearing any complaints, 6.3% used some medicine, 7, 4% cited previous diseases, 6.7% reported hearing disability in the family. It was identified that 13.2% of workers had hearing loss in right ear (31.8% of hearing loss were suggestive of hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure) and 15.5% in the left ear (36.77% of hearing loss were suggestive of hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure). Conclusion: in this study there was a high prevalence of suggestive audiometric alterations concerning hearing loss induced by high levels of sound pressure, with higher prevalence of hearing loss in the left ear. There were also significant differences in relation to workers' daily exposure to noise, noise and non-occupational tasks performed by the workers. Moreover, the inadequate and inappropriate use of personal auricular protective equipment by workers exposed to noise is preoccupying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to characterize the auditory profile of workers at a Meat and Derivative Warehouse of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. Methods: it is a transversal study where 53 workers of this warehouse had been evaluated, with application of questionnaire and analysis of audiometric examinations. Results: from the evaluated employees, 5.66% showed induced auditory loss for noise. The exposition time did not relate with induced auditory loss for noise. The most common auditory symptoms had been difficulty to understand words (13.2%) and difficulty to bear the intense sounds (11.3%) and the not auditory symptoms had been headache (16.9%) and irritability (11.3%). Significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) when correlating the individuals with normal and modified hearing with the presence of humming, complaint about listening abilities and difficulty to talk in noisy environments. Conclusion: the results reveled that individuals with audiometries suggesting induced auditory loss for noise were more vulnerable to humming, also showing more difficulty to talk in noisy environments. However, the others auditory and non-auditory complaints were raised in both groups, regardless of the existence of auditory loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: to study the hearing of individuals in a fitness gym while exercising, analyzing their distortion product evoked otoacustic emissions (DPOAE) test after and before exposure to electronically amplified music. Methods: a questionnaire was applied to 20 individuals and evaluated through DPOAE test after and before physical exercises with electronically amplified music exposure. Results: most of the individuals (65%) had extra-occupational exposure. The most frequent complaints were headache and insomnia (40%); hearing difficulty (35%); aural fullness (25%); irritability and nervousness (25%); dizziness (20%); and tinnitus (15%) after exercises. Although DPOAE occurred in 100% of the ears before the exposure (moment 1 - M1), 25% failed on the second test, after the exercises (moment 2 - M2). The frequencies that most failed in the DPOAE test were 3 KHz, 4KHz and 5KHz. Conclusion: this study shows that individuals exposed to electronic amplified music, may have hearing loss complaints and have signs of such loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compiled the literature regarding the contribution and importance of audiometry of extreme high frequencies (AT-AF), in the early identification of occupational hearing loss. It demonstrates that only the conventional tonal audiometry can not be efficient in the early identification and prevention of PAIR, besides to describe the methodological variables for its realization. The authors also suggest this method as routine in the Prevention Program of Occupational Hearing Loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: analisar o conforto do protetor auditivo individual como parte de uma intervenção para prevenção de perdas auditivas em trabalhadores expostos a elevados níveis de ruído, por meio da utilização de um questionário de avaliação de conforto. MÉTODO: realizou-se análise dos documentos da empresa, investigação do ruído e uso de protetor auditivo individual anterior, seleção do protetor auditivo individual, atividades educativas, aplicação de questionário e realização audiometrias. A população foi composta de 20 trabalhadores expostos a ruído acima de 80 dB(A). Os trabalhadores utilizaram protetores tipo inserção e concha, cada um durante 15 dias e responderam ao questionário de avaliação do conforto em duas ocasiões. RESULTADOS: dentre os participantes 85% eram homens e 15% mulheres, idade média 35 anos. O Índice de Conforto do protetor tipo inserção foi 4,6 e concha 6,1, com tempo médio de utilização de 6 horas 40 minutos. Dentre as razões negativas ao uso do equipamento destacaram-se: interferência com a comunicação (20%), diminuição da audição (10%) e não sentir necessidadede usar (10%). CONCLUSÃO: os protetores auriculares estudados tiveram seus escores cotados em níveis aceitáveis, sendo considerados ambos confortáveis. Contudo, existiu uma diferença significante no Índice de Conforto entre protetores de diferentes tipos (inserção e concha). Com isso, pôde-se concluir que, o protetor auditivo individual tipo concha foi considerado o mais confortável e melhor aceito pela população estudada.PURPOSE: to analyze the comfort of the individual hearing protectors as part of an intervention for prevention of hearing loss in workers exposed to high noise levels, using a questionnaire of comfort assessment. METHOD: company safety and health records were reviewed, noise measurements were performed, new HPDs were selected, the comfort of the devices was evaluated and audiometric tests were conducted. The study population was 20 workers exposed to noise levels above 80 dB(A). The workers used two types of HPD (earplugs and earmuffs), each for 15 days, followed by an application of the questionnaire after each trial period. RESULTS: 85% of the participants were males and 15% females and their average age was 35 years old. The comfort index for the studied earplug was 4.6, and for the studied earmuff was 6.1. The participants wore the HPDs during their full work shift which lasted 6 hours and 40 minutes. Other barriers were indentified to the use of hearing protection: interference with communication (20%), decreased hearing (10%) and lack of clarity on the need to use it (10%). CONCLUSION: the HPDs analyzed in this study had their scores acceptable and were considered both comfortable. However, there was a significant difference in the comfort Index between protectors of different types (earplug and earmuff). The conclusion was that the earmuff is considered the most comfortable and more accepted HPDs by this population.