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Researchers from Rangsit University in Pathum Thani, Thailand, have conducted a study on the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as extracellular matrix scaffolds in tissue engineering. PHAs are biocompatible and biodegradable polyesters that can be synthesized from biomass resources by various microbes. The study explores the potential of PHAs in creating medical devices and biomedical application tools using advanced 3D printing techniques. The research also highlights the challenges in improving PHA-based bioinks for creating scaffolds with enhanced biodegradation control suitable for tissue regeneration. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the use of optical metabolic imaging to identify metabolic shifts and mitochondria heterogeneity in POLG mutator macrophages. The study found that POLG mutator macrophages exhibit decreased NAD(P)H lifetime and optical redox ratio compared to wild-type macrophages, indicating an increased dependence on glycolysis. Additionally, the research revealed heterogenous populations of POLG mutator macrophage responses under immune challenge by LPS, as well as differences in mitochondria morphology between wild-type and POLG mutated macrophages. Optical metabolic imaging shows promise for non-invasive detection and quantification of cellular metabolism, metabolic heterogeneity, and intra-cellular mitochondria morphology differences in POLG mutator macrophages. [Extracted from the article]

A patent was issued for a cell population including adhesive stem cells, their production method, and pharmaceutical composition by Kaneka Corporation. The inventors aimed to provide safe adherent stem cells for cell therapy by monitoring karyotypic abnormalities and ensuring the quality of the cell population. The method involves obtaining amniotic adherent stem cells from fetal membrane and placenta, culturing them in a specific medium, and identifying cells with a normal karyotype. This patent addresses the need for safe and high-quality adherent stem cells for therapeutic purposes. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses new research on breast cancer conducted by Instituto Politecnico Nacional. The study focused on the early changes in the cytoskeleton and migration of mesenchymal stem cells when exposed to the secretome of breast tumor cells. The findings suggest that bioimpedance spectra can confirm these changes, providing valuable diagnostic information. The research does not indicate a transformation or malignancy phenotype in the cells. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKz) in CD40-mediated immune synapse formation, mTORC1 signaling, and plasma cell fate in B lymphocytes. It highlights how DGKz is crucial for activating the mTORC1 pathway and remodeling mitochondria in B cells, impacting their function, protein biosynthesis, and cell cycle progression. The study suggests that DGKz deficiency leads to defects in the germinal center response and plasma cell differentiation. This research emphasizes the importance of DGKz in regulating CD40 functions in the B cell response. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study on brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BD-EVs) from patients with tauopathies, specifically PiD and PSP variants, compared to non-demented controls. The research found that BD-EVs from PiD patients had different protein profiles, with elevated astrocyte-derived mitochondrial proteins and reduced neuronal microtubule-related proteins. These findings suggest that BD-EVs could be used as a biomarker for distinguishing and monitoring the progression of tauopathies. The study highlights the potential of BD-EV profiling in understanding disease mechanisms at the neuron-glia interface. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the development of a method called Cleanet for detecting doublet events in cytometry data based on protein expression patterns. The method aims to automate the process of identifying and classifying doublets, which are events where two or more cells pass through the detector simultaneously. By improving the accuracy of doublet detection, Cleanet can provide a more precise analysis of immune cell populations and cell-cell interactions in large cytometry studies. The research has not yet undergone peer review and is available for further exploration on biorxiv.org. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the rapid migration of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, through capillaries to reach inflamed tissues and control infections. The study found that neutrophils can adapt their actomyosin cytoskeleton to confinement within seconds, allowing them to maintain their speed in capillaries of varying diameters. This unique mechanism potentially contributes to the efficacy of innate immune reactions. The research has not yet been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the cellular processes involved in immune responses. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Institute of Anatomy in Munich, Germany, have conducted a study on pemphigus, an autoimmune disease affecting desmosome adhesion in the epidermis. The study focused on the impact of various signaling pathways on desmosome ultrastructure, revealing that pemphigus autoantibodies led to reduced desmosome number, increased plaque distance and thickness, and loss of adhesion. The findings suggest potential novel treatment options targeting specific steps of desmosome turnover in the future. For more information, readers can refer to the original article published in Frontiers in Immunology. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology conducted a study on the impact of neuroinflammatory stress on excitatory neurons' proteomic signatures in different cellular compartments. Using innovative techniques, they found distinct effects of neuroinflammation on synapses, soma, and mitochondria in neurons. The study highlighted unique molecular and signaling changes induced by neuroinflammation, particularly affecting synapses of excitatory neurons. This research provides valuable insights into the cellular responses to neuroinflammatory stress, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying conditions like Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Southeast University in Nanjing, China, have developed a novel method to enhance microwave absorption using gradiently conductive atomic layers on porous polyimide. By integrating porous and sandwich structures, the lightweight and flexible composite foams exhibit strong microwave absorption capabilities across a broad bandwidth. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for creating lightweight, flexible, and efficient materials for electromagnetic protection. The study was funded by various organizations, including the China Association for Science and Technology and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine focused on the effects of Morinda officinalis polysaccharide (MOP) on interleukin-1b (IL-1b)-stimulated chondrocyte inflammation and osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The research found that MOP mitigated IL-1b-induced cell damage, prevented extracellular matrix degradation, and reduced inflammatory factor secretion in a dose-dependent manner. By activating the SIRT6/NF-kB pathway, MOP was able to slow down the progression of OA. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free at https://doi.org/10.17305/bb.2024.11437. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) examined the relationship between physical activity, cognition, and leukocyte telomere length in adults. The research found that telomere length mediates the association between physical activity and cognition differently in men and women, depending on the intensity level of the physical activity. This study, based on data from the UK Biobank, highlights potential sex differences in modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical activity on cellular age and cognitive function. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University highlights research on novel strategies targeting mitochondria-lysosome contact sites for the treatment of neurological diseases. The study emphasizes the importance of mitochondria and lysosomes in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and discusses how abnormalities in these contact sites may contribute to conditions such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. The research reviews advances in understanding the regulation and function of mitochondria-lysosome contact sites and their role in neurological diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Yamanashi in Japan explored the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on gene expression in human intestinal absorptive cells. The research found that FOS treatment enhanced the expression of genes related to focal adhesion and inflammation pathways in Caco-2 cells. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan and has been peer-reviewed. For more information, the full report can be found in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in China explored the relationship between lactate metabolism and mitochondrial function in liver cancer. The researchers identified MRPL3 as a key biomarker and developed a prognostic model, the LMRG model, incorporating three genes: ACACA, MRPL3, and MRPS23. The findings suggest that MRPL3 could serve as a reliable predictive biomarker for diagnosing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma. The study was published in Frontiers in Oncology and offers insights into tumor metabolic reprogramming and potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran have conducted a study on autophagy, a crucial process in cells that helps maintain cellular health and survival by removing damaged components. The study highlights the different types of autophagy, its regulation by specific genes, and its implications in various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections. The research suggests that understanding autophagy mechanisms could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for a wide range of health conditions. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of exosomal miR-145-5p in promoting apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells through the JNK signaling pathway in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats induced with ARDS showed elevated levels of miR-145-5p in circulating exosomes and lung tissue, leading to disruptions in the proteomic profile of renal cells and enhanced cell apoptosis. The findings suggest that miR-145-5p may act as a mediator for renal cell apoptosis in ARDS, highlighting the potential interplay between lung and kidney in this condition. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the School of Pharmacy in Weifang, People's Republic of China, have developed a nanoparticle called FAIC that targets the endoplasmic reticulum to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy. By encapsulating catalase and a photosensitizer in a folate receptor-targeting liposome, the FAIC nanoparticle triggers severe endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting the immunogenic cell death pathway and boosting the anti-tumor immune response. This innovative approach offers a potential strategy for efficient tumor immunotherapy, addressing the challenges posed by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses how the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in promoting chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by enhancing the production of guanylates in PDAC cells. This accumulation of guanylates helps protect the cells from oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage and promotes cell proliferation. The study suggests that targeting ECM-driven metabolic processes, such as Impdh activity, could be a potential therapeutic approach for PDAC patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Dongguk University in South Korea focused on the use of 8-shogaol, a compound extracted from ginger, in treating gastric cancer. The research found that 8-shogaol demonstrated anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing tumor volume and cell viability in gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally, 8-shogaol induced apoptosis by generating reactive oxygen species and sensitized radioresistance in gastric cancer, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer radiotherapy. The study was funded by various research organizations and published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital in Taiwan conducted a study on liver fibrosis, focusing on the protective effects of Cordyceps militaris against hepatocyte apoptosis induced by a high palmitic acid diet. The study aimed to investigate the potential of Cordyceps militaris in combating fatty liver disease (FLD) by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Cordyceps militaris demonstrated protective effects against apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for FLD. Further research is needed to identify the active compounds responsible for these effects and explore its clinical applications in treating FLD. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Department of Pharmacology in Jaipur, India, have highlighted the crucial role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer progression and therapy. Their review emphasizes how ECM alterations impact tumor metastasis and explores therapeutic strategies targeting collagen and hyaluronan to enhance existing cancer treatments and improve patient outcomes. By focusing on ECM components and associated signaling pathways, these interventions aim to overcome treatment resistance and achieve more durable therapeutic results, showcasing the potential of innovative approaches in cancer therapy. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of ATG8 proteins in single membrane organelles, highlighting their involvement in endocytosis and quality control of acidic organelles in conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. The research emphasizes the emerging significance of non-canonical pathways of ATG8 proteins in human pathologies. This preprint has not yet undergone peer review and provides valuable insights into the potential implications of ATG8 proteins in various health conditions. [Extracted from the article]

The study explores the relationship between lysosomal exocytosis and focal adhesions in cancer cells, revealing the role of paucimannose glycans in cancer progression. Lysosomes, responsible for breaking down molecules, can also aid tumor progression through lysosomal exocytosis. Researchers suggest that targeting paucimannose glycans and lysosomal exocytosis mechanisms could lead to innovative cancer therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Tokyo Metropolitan University explored the relationship between apoptosis induction in cancer cells and the amount of electrical stimulation in nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy. The research found that nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy activated caspase-3 and induced apoptosis in cancer cells, with shorter pulse widths being more effective. By using frequency analysis, the study aimed to quantify the biological response to electrical stimulation in cancer cells. This peer-reviewed research provides valuable insights into the potential of nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy as a noninvasive cancer treatment option. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Nanjing Medical University in Jiangsu, China, explored the role of DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2) in gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. The research found that overexpression of DNMT2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer cells, while also increasing the levels of Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 3 (SMC3). These findings may contribute to the development of treatments for gastric cancer. The study was published in the International Journal of Radiation Research and was supported by the Huaian City Health Research Project and Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of the STAT3-VDAC1 axis in modulating mitochondrial function and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. STAT3 interacts with VDAC1 in the mitochondria to regulate calcium and oxidative phosphorylation, impacting leukemia cell viability. Inhibition of STAT3 and VDAC1 shows promise as a therapeutic target in AML, potentially reducing engraftment potential of leukemic stem cells. This research highlights the importance of understanding cellular structures and organelles in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Nanjing Medical University in Jiangsu, China, have identified a novel transcript variant of ECSIT, Ecsit-X4, which plays a crucial role in preventing pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial Stat3 levels. This 42-kDa ECSIT isoform is highly expressed in the mitochondria of adult cardiomyocytes and has shown promise as a therapeutic target for heart failure. The study, supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, highlights the potential of Ecsit-X4 gene therapy in attenuating cardiac hypertrophy and improving mitochondrial bioenergetics. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Peking Union Medical College Hospital have published a report on how the extracellular matrix influences the behavior of breast cancer stem cells. The study highlights how chemotherapy and radiotherapy may not effectively treat breast cancer and could potentially increase the number of breast cancer stem cells. The research suggests that understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in shaping cancer stem cell behavior is crucial for developing more effective treatments. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, explored the impact of adding inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) to hyper-CVAD and blinatumomab treatments for patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The study found that this combination therapy improved outcomes, with a 3-year relapse-free survival rate of 82% and a 3-year overall survival rate of 90%. The research, supported by Pfizer, concluded that hyper-CVAD with blinatumomab and InO showed promising results in treating newly diagnosed B-ALL in young adults. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine conducted a study on the relationship between mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) in peripheral blood cells and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Amish population. The study found that mLOY increased with age and was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The findings suggest that mLOY may serve as a potential biomarker for AD risk in aging men. The study utilized whole-genome sequencing data to assess the impact of mLOY on cognitive impairment risk. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University have conducted a study on cancer therapy, focusing on the challenges posed by hypoxic tumors. The study developed hypoxia-responsive albumin nanoparticles that deliver hydroxychloroquine and a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer to induce oxidative stress and regulate mitophagy in tumor cells. The research highlights the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing autophagic and oxidative stress to drive tumor cell death. This study provides valuable insights into potential treatments for hypoxic tumors. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Karpagam Academy of Higher Education in Tamil Nadu, India, have developed a novel quinoline-based molecule, PHMQ, which can selectively detect copper ions in cancer cells and for organelle-specific imaging applications. The molecule showed fast detection of Cu2+ ions with strong emission quenching and a detection limit of 43.4 nM. This research highlights PHMQ as a promising detector for its high sensitivity, selectivity, and quick response in detecting Cu2+ ions in biological and environmental settings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center focused on identifying disease-relevant, sex-based proteomic differences in iPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. The research aimed to explore the impact of chromosomal sex on proteomic phenotypes and their effects on cardiovascular pathophysiology. The findings highlighted sex-based differences in pathways related to cardiovascular disease, suggesting the potential for discovering sex-specific pharmacological targets for cardiovascular health. The study underscores the importance of understanding intrinsic sex-based differences in vasculature to advance personalized medicine in cardiology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of California San Francisco explored the correlation between atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition and the neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease. The research found that as the percentage of smooth muscle cell area in the plaque increased, neurofibrillary tangles deposition decreased, while an increase in fibrous cap area was associated with an increase in neurofibrillary tangles deposition. These findings suggest a potential connection between atherosclerosis development and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The study analyzed data from 237 subjects and was published in Alzheimer's & Dementia. [Extracted from the article]

A study published in Cancer Gene Therapy Week explores how molecular dynamics in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells influence their ability to kill cancer cells. Researchers from Baylor College of Medicine and other institutions investigated the behavior of two types of CAR T cells, CD28.z-CART cells and 4-1BB.z-CART cells, to understand their distinct killing mechanisms. The study aims to inform the design of CAR molecules that can effectively target a wider range of malignancies, including solid tumors, by adapting the killing behavior of CAR T cells at the molecular level. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by investigators from Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in Iran explored the protective effects of crocin and gallic acid on ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage in pancreas-isolated mitochondria. The research found that treatment with crocin and gallic acid reversed indicators of mitochondrial toxicity caused by ethanol, such as decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity and increased oxidative stress. The study suggests that crocin and gallic acid could potentially be developed as mitochondrial protective agents to prevent pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and the diabetogenic effects of ethanol. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai conducted a study on the impact of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia on mitochondrial distribution and morphology in the medial habenulainterpeduncular nucleus (MHb-IPN) circuit of male mice. The study found that mitochondrial dynamics in the ventral MHb and dorsal IPN were affected by hyperglycemia, while lipid homeostasis showed changes in the IPN and VTA regions. The research suggests that the cholinergic MHb may be uniquely sensitive to diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, highlighting the need for further studies to understand the functional and behavioral implications of these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Wangjing Hospital in Beijing, China, have conducted a study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent respiratory condition worldwide. The study focuses on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and their dysregulation in COPD, highlighting the role of mitochondria in disease progression. The researchers emphasize the need for therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria to effectively treat COPD. The study also analyzes existing limitations and challenges in COPD treatment, aiming to provide new insights and methods for managing the disease. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of mitochondria in initiating neoplasticity through the conversion of large Hyperfused Mitochondrial Networks (HMNs) to Small Mitochondrial Networks (SMNs) in response to a model carcinogen. This conversion leads to the establishment of transcriptomic interactions between mtDNA genes and stemness genes, priming non-transformed cells towards neoplastic transformation. The study suggests that targeting mitochondrial dynamics could be a potential strategy for cancer prevention and therapy, with implications for precision medicine approaches. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the importance of intercellular communication between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow for maintaining functional hematopoiesis. It highlights the transfer of mitochondria between MSCs and HSPCs as a key aspect of this communication, with a focus on the preferential transfer of mitochondria towards phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells. The study introduces a standardized tool, iMSOD-mito, to model human mesenchymal-to-hematopoietic mitochondria transfer in 2D or 3D culture systems, with implications for regenerative therapies and identifying new targets in disease contexts. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, China, have developed a promising strategy for wound repair in periodontitis using a mitochondria-targeted delivery system for resveratrol nanoparticles. This system was found to rescue the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells compromised by inflammation, leading to improved periodontal wound healing. The study highlights the potential of this approach in regenerative medicine and offers insights into the development of novel drug carriers for resveratrol. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Temple University explores the role of mitochondria in sensing amyloid-beta toxicity and regulating inflammation in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. The research highlights the impact of amyloid-beta and cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial cell function, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction was found to be associated with amyloid-beta, leading to increased mitochondrial ROS production and inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. This study sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies from Massachusetts General Hospital have shown that stabilizing mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) can regulate A beta generation in a three-dimensional neural model of Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests that stabilizing MAMs of specific gap widths, particularly in axons, without complete destabilization, could be an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. This study was supported by the Cure Alzheimer's Fund and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Chicago focused on the synaptic integration of somatosensory and motor cortical inputs onto spiny projection neurons in the caudoputamen of mice. The research highlighted the role of the basal ganglia in motor control and cognitive functioning, emphasizing the intricate loop connecting the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and back to the cortex. The study, supported by NIH and NSF funding, revealed that individual spiny projection neurons integrate driver input from multiple cortical areas, shedding light on how the basal ganglia relay cortical input to provide inhibitory innervation of the motor thalamus. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University Hospital Clinic Lozano Blesa in Zaragoza, Spain, focused on a rare case of falciparum malaria in a child from Ghana. The study highlighted the presence of intracellular parasites, including trophozoites, merozoites, and a potential schizont, within neutrophils. The research emphasized the role of phagocytosis by neutrophils in parasite clearance and raised questions about individual immune responses and genetic factors. Further research is needed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms of this phenomenon. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, focused on understanding male infertility by examining the role of mitochondrial health in sperm quality and fertilizing ability. The study found that platelet mitochondrial function and endogenous coenzyme Q10 levels could serve as markers of mitochondrial health in infertile men. The researchers used high-resolution respirometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods to assess platelet bioenergetics and CoQ10 levels, respectively, and concluded that these parameters could be valuable for monitoring mitochondrial health and developing targeted therapies for male infertility. The study also highlighted the potential of static oxidation-reduction potential (sORP) as a clinical biomarker for Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI). [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development in Berlin, Germany, explores the complex interactions involved in neuroinflammation within the central nervous system. The research highlights the key players in neuroimmune interactions, such as microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and immune cells, as well as signaling molecules like cytokines and neurotransmitters. By using a multilayer network approach, the study aims to enhance understanding of shifts from homeostasis to neuroinflammation and identify potential intervention points in inflammatory processes. For more information, the full article is available in Cells journal. [Extracted from the article]