13 results on '"Bunga, Sudhir"'
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2. SARS-CoV-2 Variants, South Sudan, January-March 2021
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Bugembe, Daniel Lule, Phan, My V.T., Abias, Abe G., Ayei, James, Deng, Lul Lojok, Lako, Richard Lino Loro, Rumunu, John, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Wamala, Joseph Francis, Hm, Juma John, Lodiongo, Dennis Kenyi, Bunga, Sudhir, and Cotten, Matthew
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Epidemics -- Statistics -- Causes of -- Sudan ,Health - Abstract
As of August 2021, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had caused >199 million cases and >4.2 million deaths worldwide (1). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, [...]
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- 2021
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3. Treatment-adjusted prevalence to assess HIV testing programmes/Evaluation des programmes de depistage du VIH a l'aide de la prevalence ajustee sur le traitement/ Prevalencia ajustada segun el tratamiento para evaluar los programas de las pruebas de deteccion del VIH
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Barr, Beth A.Tippett, Lowrance, David, Johnson, Cheryl Case, Baggaley, Rachel Clare, Rogers, John H., Balachandra, Shirish K., Barker, Joseph, Kalua, Thokozani, Bunga, Sudhir, Low-Beer, Daniel, Payne, Danielle, Bulterys, Marc G., and Jahn, Andreas
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United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ,World health ,HIV (Viruses) ,HIV testing ,Antiviral agents ,Highly active antiretroviral therapy ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV has been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, areas with high HIV prevalence are finding a declining proportion of people testing positive in their national testing programmes. In eastern and southern Africa, where there are settings with adult HIV prevalence of 12% and above, the positivity from national HIV testing services has dropped to below 5%. Identifying those in need of ART is therefore becoming more costly for national HIV programmes. Annual target-setting assumes that national testing positivity rates approximate that of population prevalence. This assumption has generated an increased focus on testing approaches which achieve higher rates of HIV positivity. This trend is a departure from the provider-initiated testing and counselling strategy used early in the global HIV response. We discuss a new indicator, treatment-adjusted prevalence, that countries can use as a practical benchmark for estimating the expected adult positivity in a testing programme when accounting for both national HIV prevalence and ART coverage. The indicator is calculated by removing those people receiving ART from the numerator and denominator of HIV prevalence. Treatment-adjusted prevalence can be readily estimated from existing programme data and population estimates, and in 2019, was added to the World Health Organization guidelines for HIV testing and strategic information. Using country examples from Kenya, Malawi, South Sudan and Zimbabwe we illustrate how to apply this indicator and we discuss the potential public health implications of its use from the national to facility level. Le depistage du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) et le traitement antiretroviral (TAR) pour les personnes vivant avec le VIH ont connu un veritable essor en Afrique subsaharienne. Par consequent, les regions touchees par une forte prevalence du VIH detectent un pourcentage moins eleve de personnes testees positives dans leurs programmes de depistage nationaux. En Afrique orientale et australe, la ou certains endroits affichent une prevalence du VIH chez l'adulte egale ou superieure a 12%, le taux de positivite des services de depistage nationaux est passe sous la barre des 5%. Identifier les personnes necessitant un TAR devient donc plus couteux pour les programmes nationaux consacres au VIH. Pour definir les objectifs annuels, on part du principe que les taux de positivite nationaux se rapprochent du taux de prevalence au sein de la population. Cette supposition a oriente les demarches vers des methodes de depistage permettant d'obtenir des taux de positivite plus eleves; une tendance qui s'ecarte de la strategie des services de depistage et de conseil a l'initiative des prestataires, utilisee a l'aube de la lutte mondiale contre le VIH. Dans le present document, nous nous interessons a un nouvel indicateur, la prevalence ajustee sur le traitement. Cet indicateur peut servir de reference concrete pour les pays qui souhaitent evaluer le taux de positivite attendu chez l'adulte dans un programme de depistage, en tenant compte de la prevalence du VIH au niveau national ainsi que de la portee du TAR. Le calcul consiste a enlever les personnes recevant un TAR du numerateur et du denominateur de la prevalence du VIH. La prevalence ajustee sur le traitement peut aisement etre determinee en fonction des donnees de programme et estimations de population existantes. En 2019, elle a egalement ete ajoutee aux lignes directrices de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante pour l'information strategique et le depistage du VIH. En nous inspirant d'exemples issus du Kenya, du Malawi, du Soudan du Sud et du Zimbabwe, nous expliquons comment employer cet indicateur et abordons les potentielles implications liees a son utilisation en matiere de sante publique, en partant du niveau national jusqu'aux etablissements. La ampliacion de las pruebas de deteccion del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y del tratamiento antirretrovirico (TAR) para las personas infectadas por el VIH ha aumentado en el Africa subsahariana. En consecuencia, el porcentaje de personas que dan positivo en las pruebas de deteccion del VIH en los programas nacionales esta disminuyendo en las zonas con alta prevalencia del virus. En Africa meridional y oriental, donde hay entornos con una prevalencia del VIH en adultos del 12 % o superior, la tasa de positividad de los servicios nacionales de pruebas de deteccion del VIH ha descendido a menos del 5 %. Por lo tanto, la identificacion de las personas que necesitan TAR es cada vez mas costosa para los programas nacionales de VIH. El establecimiento de objetivos anuales supone que las tasas de positividad de las pruebas nacionales se aproximan a las de la prevalencia de la poblacion. Esta suposicion ha generado una mayor atencion a los enfoques de las pruebas que logran tasas mas altas de positividad del VIH. Esta tendencia se aleja de la estrategia del asesoramiento y las pruebas que iniciaron los proveedores y que se utilizo al principio de la respuesta mundial al VIH. Se analiza un nuevo indicador, la prevalencia ajustada segun el tratamiento, que los paises pueden emplear como punto de referencia practico para estimar la tasa de positividad esperada en adultos en un programa de pruebas de deteccion cuando se tiene en cuenta tanto la prevalencia nacional del VIH como la cobertura del TAR. El indicador se calcula eliminando del numerador y el denominador de la prevalencia del VIH a las personas que reciben TAR. La prevalencia ajustada segun el tratamiento se puede estimar con facilidad a partir de los datos de los programas existentes y de las estimaciones de poblacion, ademas, en 2019, se incluyo en las directrices de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud para las pruebas de deteccion del VIH y en la informacion estrategica. A traves de ejemplos de paises como Kenia, Malaui, Sudan meridional y Zimbabue, se demuestra como aplicar este indicador y se discuten las posibles implicaciones para la salud publica de su uso desde el nivel nacional hasta el de los centros. [phrase omitted], Introduction Globally, there has been substantial scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services and antiretroviral therapy (ART), and it is now estimated that 78% (16 million) of the 20.6 [...]
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- 2021
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4. Implementation of tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV, South Sudan/Mise en oeuvre du traitement preventif contre la tuberculose chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH au Soudan du Sud/ Aplicacion del tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis entre las personas que viven con el VIH, Sudan del Sur
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Boyd, Andrew T., Lodiongo, Dennis Kenyi, Benson, John Mondi, Aragaw, Shambel, Pasquale, Margaret Semira, Ayalneh, Habtamu, Olemukan, Robert, Avaku, Isaac, Baabe, Nicholas, Achut, Victoria, Chun, Helen, and Bunga, Sudhir
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Medicine, Preventive ,HIV (Viruses) -- Drug therapy ,Antitubercular agents ,Highly active antiretroviral therapy ,Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy ,Preventive health services ,HIV patients -- Drug therapy ,AIDS treatment ,Emergency management ,Health ,World Health Organization ,United Nations. Development Programme - Abstract
Objective To describe an intervention to scale up tuberculosis preventive treatment for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Sudan, 2017-2020. Methods Staff of the health ministry and United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief designed an intervention targeting the estimated 30 400 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy across South Sudan. The intervention comprised: (i) developing sensitization and operational guidance for clinicians to put tuberculosis preventive treatment delivery into clinical practice; (ii) disseminating monitoring and evaluation tools to document scale-up; (iii) implementing a programmatic pilot of tuberculosis preventive treatment; and (iv) identifying a mechanism for procurement and delivery of isoniazid to facilities dispensing tuberculosis preventive treatment. Staff aggregated routine programme data from facility registers on the numbers of people living with HIV who started on tuberculosis preventive treatment across all clinical sites providing this treatment during July 2019-March 2020. Findings Tuberculosis preventive treatment was implemented in 13 HIV treatment sites during July-October 2019, then in 26 sites during November 2019-March 2020. During July 2019-March 2020, 6503 people living with HIV started tuberculosis preventive treatment. Conclusion Lessons for other low-resource settings may include supplementing national guidelines with health ministry directives, clinician guidance and training, and an implementation pilot. A cadre of field supervisors can rapidly disseminate a standardized approach to implementation and monitoring of tuberculosis preventive treatment, and this approach can be used to strengthen other tuberculosis-HIV services. Procuring a reliable and steady supply of tuberculosis preventive treatment medication is crucial. Objectif Decrire une intervention destinee a intensifier le traitement preventif contre la tuberculose chez les individus vivant avec le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) au Soudan du Sud entre 2017 et 2020. Methodes Le personnel du ministere de la Sante et du Plan d'urgence du President des Etats-Unis pour la lutte contre le sida (PEPFAR) a imagine une intervention qui cible les quelque 30 400 individus vivant avec le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral au Soudan du Sud. Cette intervention consistait a: (i) developper une sensibilisation et un encadrement operationnel pour les medecins afin qu'ils incluent la lutte preventive contre la tuberculose dans leur pratique; (ii) diffuser des outils de controle et d'evaluation pour documenter l'intensification; (iii) instaurer un programme pilote de traitement preventif contre la tuberculose; et enfin, (iv) identifier un mecanisme d'acquisition et de livraison d'isoniazide aux etablissements qui dispensent un traitement preventif contre la tuberculose. Le personnel a preleve les donnees relatives au programme de routine dans les registres des etablissements afin de determiner le nombre d'individus vivant avec le VIH et ayant entame un traitement preventif contre la tuberculose dans tous les centres cliniques qui proposaient ce traitement entre juillet 2019 et mars 2020. Resultats Le traitement preventif contre la tuberculose a ete mis en oeuvre dans 13 etablissements de prise en charge du VIH entre juillet et octobre 2019, puis dans 26 centres entre novembre 2019 et mars 2020. Durant la periode allant de juillet 2019 a mars 2020, 6503 individus vivant avec le VIH ont entame un traitement preventif contre la tuberculose. Conclusion Divers enseignements peuvent etre tires pour d'autres endroits disposant de ressources limitees, notamment l'elaboration de directives du ministere de la Sante pour completer les recommandations nationales, l'encadrement et la formation des medecins, ainsi que l'organisation d'un projet pilote. Une equipe de superviseurs presents sur le terrain peut rapidement promouvoir une approche standardisee d'application et de suivi du traitement preventif contre la tuberculose, et cette approche peut servir a renforcer d'autres services tuberculose/VIH. Et dernierement, il est essentiel de mettre en place un approvisionnement constant et fiable de medicaments pour assurer le traitement preventif de la tuberculose. Objetivo Describir una intervencion para ampliar el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis de las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en Sudan del Sur, 2017-2020. Metodos El personal del Ministerio de Salud y del Plan de emergencia del presidente de los Estados Unidos para el alivio del sida diseno una intervencion dirigida a las 30 400 personas que se estima viven con el VIH y que reciben tratamiento antirretrovirico en toda la Republica de Sudan del Sur. La intervencion incluia: i) la elaboracion de orientaciones de sensibilizacion y operativas para que los medicos apliquen el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis en la practica clinica; ii) la divulgacion de instrumentos de supervision y de evaluacion para documentar la ampliacion; iii) la aplicacion de un programa piloto para el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis; y iv) la determinacion de un mecanismo para la obtencion y la distribucion de isoniacida a los establecimientos que ofrecen el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis. El personal agrupo los datos de los programas de rutina de los registros de los establecimientos sobre la cantidad de personas que viven con el VIH que iniciaron el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis en todos los centros clinicos que ofrecieron este tratamiento entre julio de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Resultados El tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis se aplico en 13 centros de tratamiento del VIH durante julio y octubre de 2019, y luego en 26 centros durante noviembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Durante julio de 2019 a marzo de 2020, 6503 personas que vivian con el VIH iniciaron el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis. Conclusion Las lecciones para otros entornos de bajos recursos pueden incluir la complementacion de las directrices nacionales con directivas del Ministerio de Salud, la orientacion y la capacitacion de los medicos y un programa piloto de aplicacion. Un equipo de supervisores de campo puede difundir con rapidez un enfoque normalizado de la aplicacion y del seguimiento del tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis, que se puede aplicar para fortalecer otros servicios relacionados con la tuberculosis y el VIH. Es fundamental obtener un suministro fiable y constante de medicamentos para el tratamiento preventivo de la tuberculosis. [phrase omitted], Introduction South Sudan had an estimated 190 000 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2018, and an HIV prevalence of 2.5% (95% confidence interval: 1.9-3.1) among an estimated [...]
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- 2021
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5. Lessons Learned from Programmatic Gains in HIV Service Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic--41 PEPFAR-Supported Countries, 2020
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Fisher, Kiva A., Patel, Sadhna V., Mehta, Neha, Stewart, Andrea, Medley, Amy, Dokubo, Emily Kainne, Shang, Judith D., Wright, Janell, Rodas, Jose, Balachandra, Shirish, Kitenge, Francois, Mpingulu, Minlangu, Garcia, Macarena C., Bonilla, Luis, Quaye, Silas, Melchior, Michael, Banchongphanith, Ketmala, Phokhasawad, Kunjanakorn, Nkanaunena, Kondwani, Maida, Alice, Couto, Aleny, Mizela, Jose, Ibrahim, Jahun, Charles, Ogbanufe Obinna, Malamba, Samuel S., Musoni, Canisious, Bolo, Alex, Bunga, Sudhir, Lolekha, Rangsima, Kiatchanon, Wiphawee, Bhatia, Ramona, Nguyen, Chi, and Aberle-Grasse, John
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HIV (Viruses) ,Epidemics -- Cameroon -- Malawi ,HIV testing ,Antiviral agents ,Emergency management ,HIV infection ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports country programs in identifying persons living with HIV infection (PLHIV), providing life-saving treatment, and reducing the spread of HIV in [...]
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- 2022
6. Response to emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013-2014
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Hosani, Farida Ismail Al, Pringle, Kimberly, Mulla, Mariam Al, Kim, Lindsay, Pham, Huong, Alami, Negar N., Khudhair, Ahmed, Hall, Aron J., Aden, Bashir, Saleh, Feda El, Dhaheri, Wafa Al, Bandar, Zyad Al, Bunga, Sudhir, Elkheir, Kheir Abou, Tao, Ying, Hunter, Jennifer C., Nguyen, Duc, Turner, Andrew, Pradeep, Krishna, Sasse, Jurgen, Weber, Stefan, Tong, Suxiang, Whitaker, Brett L., Haynes, Lia M., Curns, Aaron, and Gerber, Susan I.
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Medicine, Preventive -- Methods ,Sentinel health events -- Methods ,Preventive health services -- Methods ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in October 2012 in Saudi Arabia (1). By November 6, 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) had received reports of 1,611 [...]
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- 2016
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7. Impact of Policy and Funding Decisions on COVID-19 Surveillance Operations and Case Reports--South Sudan, April 2020-February 2021
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Shragai, Talya, Summers, Aimee, Olushayo, Olu, Rumunu, John, Mize, Valerie, Laku, Richard, and Bunga, Sudhir
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Epidemics -- Prognosis -- Africa -- South Sudan ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Early models predicted substantial COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality across Africa (1-3). However, as of March 2021, countries in Africa are among those with the lowest reported incidence of COVID-19 worldwide [...]
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- 2021
8. Case Definitions Used During the First 6 Months of the 10th Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo--Four Neighboring Countries, August 2018-February 2019
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Medley, Alexandra M., Mavila, Oscar, Makumbi, Issa, Nizeyemana, Felicien, Umutoni, Angela, Balisanga, Helene, Manoah, Yona Kenyi, Geissler, Aimee, Bunga, Sudhir, MacDonald, Gene, Homsy, Jaco, Ojwang, Joseph, Ewetola, Raimi, Raghunathan, Pratima L., MacGurn, Amanda, Singler, Kimberly, Ward, Sarah, Roohi, Shahrokh, Brown, Vance, Shoemaker, Trevor, Lako, Richard, Kabeja, Adeline, Muruta, Allan, Lubula, Leopold, and Merrill, Rebecca
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever ,Marburg virus disease ,Ebola virus ,Public health ,Virus diseases ,Time ,Health ,Diseases ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
On August 1, 2018, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared its 10th Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in an area with a high volume of cross-border population movement [...]
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- 2020
9. Nodding syndrome
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Dowell, Scott F., Sejvar, James J., Riek, Lul, Vandemaele, Katelijn A.H., Lamunu, Margaret, Kuesel, Annette C., Schmutzhard, Erich, Matuja, William, Bunga, Sudhir, Foltz, Jennifer, Nutman, Thomas B., Winkler, Andrea S., and Mbonye, Anthony K.
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South Sudan -- Health aspects ,Uganda -- Health aspects ,Children -- Diseases ,Seizures (Medicine) -- Causes of -- Distribution ,Epidemiology -- Research ,Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation ,Onchocerciasis -- Health aspects ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Nodding syndrome as a distinctive entity was reported from southern Sudan in the 1990s and investigated by local authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO) during 2001-2002 (1,2). In retrospect, [...]
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- 2013
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10. Scaling Up Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Contacts of Index Patients--20 Countries, 2016-2018
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Lasry, Arielle, Medley, Amy, Behel, Stephanie, Mujawar, Mohammed I., Cain, Meagan, Diekman, Shane T., Rurangirwa, Jacqueline, Valverde, Eduardo, Nelson, Robert, Agolory, Simon, Alebachew, Achamyeleh, Auld, Andrew F., Balachandra, Shirish, Bunga, Sudhir, Chidarikire, Thato, Dao, Vinh Q., Dee, Jacob, Doumatey, L.E. Nicole, Dzinotyiweyi, Edington, Dziuban, Eric J., Ekra, K. Alexandre, Fuller, William B., Herman-Roloff, Amy, Honwana, Nely B., Khanyile, Nompumelelo, Kim, Evelyn J., Kitenge, S. Francois, Lacson, Romel S., Loeto, Peter, Malamba, Samuel S., Mbayiha, Andre H., Mekonnen, Alemayehu, Meselu, Mirtie G., Miller, Leigh Ann, Mogomotsi, Goabaone P., Mugambi, Mary K., Mulenga, Lloyd, Mwangi, Jane W., Mwangi, Jonathan, Nicoue, Amassanh A., Nyangulu, Mtemwa K., Pietersen, Ismelda C., Ramphalla, Puleng, Temesgen, Chanie, Vergara, Alfredo E., and Wei, Stanley
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HIV infections ,HIV tests ,HIV ,Virus diseases ,Infection ,AIDS (Disease) ,Health ,United Nations - Abstract
In 2017, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that worldwide, 36.9 million persons were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the virus infection that causes [...]
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- 2019
11. Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease linked to a single funeral--Moyamba district, Sierra Leone, 2014
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Curran, Kathryn G., Gibson, James J., Marke, Dennis, Caulker, Victor, Bomeh, John, Redd, John T., Bunga, Sudhir, Brunkard, Joan, and Kilmarx, Peter H.
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Ebola virus infections ,Ebola virus ,Health - Abstract
As of February 17, 2016, a total of 14,122 cases (62% confirmed) of Ebola Virus Disease (Ebola) and 3,955 Ebola-related deaths had been reported in Sierra Leone since the epidemic [...]
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- 2016
12. Prevalence of nodding syndrome--Uganda, 2012-2013
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Iyengar, Preetha J., Wamala, Joseph, Ratto, Jeffrey, Blanton, Curtis, Malimbo, Mugagga, Lukwago, Luswa, Becknell, Steven, Downing, Robert, Bunga, Sudhir, Sejvar, James, and Makumbi, Issa
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Seizures (Medicine) -- Development and progression ,Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ,Health - Abstract
Nodding syndrome (NS) is a seizure disorder of unknown etiology, predominately affecting children aged 3-18 years in three sub-Saharan countries (Uganda, South Sudan, and Tanzania), with the primary feature of [...]
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- 2014
13. Nodding syndrome--South Sudan, 2011
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Reik, Lul, Abubakar, Abdinasir, Opoka, Martin, Mindra, Godwin, Sejvar, James, Dowell, Scott F., Navarro-Colorado, Carlos, Blanton, Curtis, Ratto, Jeffrey, Bunga, Sudhir, and Foltz, Jennifer
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Health - Abstract
In November 2010, the Ministry of Health of the proposed nation of South Sudan requested CDC assistance in investigating a recent increase and geographic clustering of an illness resulting in [...]
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- 2012
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