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Background Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between executive functions (EF), anemia, and iron deficiency. Methods A total of 688 children > 6 years of age enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study who underwent evaluation for EF were included. Hemoglobin (Hgb) was characterized as low (1.sup.st-5.sup.th percentile) or very low (< 1.sup.st percentile) compared to normative values for age, sex, and race irrespective of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) usage. Longitudinal analysis was conducted using consecutive visit pairs, with anemia status defined as new onset, resolved, or persistent. Linear mixed models with random intercept were used and adjusted for key covariates. Results Anemia was present in 41% of children, and median Hgb was 11.8 gm/dl. New onset anemia was associated with lower digit span total score (- 0.75, 95% CI - 1.36, - 0.15, p = 0.01). Persistent anemia was associated with lower scores on color-word inhibition/switching ([beta] = - 0.98; 95% CI - 1.78, - 0.18, p = 0.02). Errors of omission were significantly higher (worse) in those with persistent anemia ([beta] = 2.67, 95% CI 0.18, 5.17, p = 0.04). Very low Hgb levels were significantly associated with lower color-word inhibition/switching scores ([beta] = - 1.33, 95% CI - 2.16, - 0.51; p = 0.002). Anemia and low GFR were associated with lower category fluency scores compared to non-anemic subjects with higher GFR ([beta] = - 1.09, 95% CI - 2.09, - 0.10, p = 0.03). Conclusions The presence of anemia, in addition to its severity and duration in children with CKD, is associated with poorer scores on select measures of EF. Graphical abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information, Author(s): Nisha S. Singh [sup.1] , Rebecca J. Johnson [sup.2] , Matthew B. Matheson [sup.3] , Joann Carlson [sup.4] , Stephen R. Hooper [sup.5] , Bradley A. Warady [sup.1] Author [...]

Impoverished capacity for social inference is one of several symptoms that are common to both agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This research compared the ability of 14 adults with AgCC, 13 high-functioning adults with ASD and 14 neurotypical controls to accurately attribute social meaning to the interactions of animated triangles. Descriptions of the animations were analyzed in three ways: subjective ratings, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, and topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation). Although subjective ratings indicated that all groups made similar inferences from the animations, the index of perplexity (atypicality of topic) generated from topic modeling revealed that inferences from individuals with AgCC or ASD displayed significantly less social imagination than those of controls., Author(s): Tiffany Renteria-Vazquez [sup.1] , Warren S. Brown [sup.1] [sup.2] , Christine Kang [sup.1] , Mark Graves [sup.1] , Fulvia Castelli [sup.3] , Lynn K. Paul [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.4] Author [...]

Background: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are increasingly being conceptualized as a transdiagnostic continuum. Disruption of white matter is a common alteration in these psychiatric disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption remain unclear. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is genetically linked with susceptibility to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, and it is also related to white matter. Methods: Using a transdiagnostic approach, we aimed to identify white matter differences associated with NRG1 and their relationship to transdiagnostic symptoms and cognitive function. We examined the white matter of 1051 participants (318 healthy controls and 733 patients with major psychiatric disorders: 254 with schizophrenia, 212 with bipolar disorder and 267 with major depressive disorder) who underwent diffusion tensor imaging. We measured the plasma NRG1-[beta]1 levels of 331 participants. We also evaluated clinical symptoms and cognitive function. Results: In the patient group, abnormal white matter was negatively associated with NRG1-[beta]1 levels in the genu of the corpus callosum, right uncinate fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right external capsule, fornix, right optic tract, left straight gyrus white matter and left olfactory radiation. These NRG1-associated white matter abnormalities were also associated with depression and anxiety symptoms and executive function in patients with a major psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, across the 3 disorders we observed analogous alterations in white matter, NRG1-[beta]1 levels and clinical manifestations. Limitations: Medication status, the wide age range and our cross-sectional findings were limitations of this study. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence for an association between NRG1, white matter abnormalities, clinical symptoms and cognition in a transdiagnostic psychiatric cohort. These findings provide further support for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the neuroimaging substrates of major psychiatric disorders and their clinical implications., Introduction Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder have been separate diagnoses since the time of Kraepelin in the 1920s. (1) However, diagnostic categories based on presenting signs and symptoms [...]

While many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience difficulties with language processing, non-linguistic semantic processing may be intact. We examined neural responses to an implicit semantic priming task by comparing N400 responses-an event-related potential related to semantic processing-in response to semantically related or unrelated pairs of words or pictures. Adults with ASD showed larger N400 responses than typically developing adults for pictures, but no group differences occurred for words. However, we also observed complex modulations of N400 amplitude by age and by level of autistic traits. These results offer important implications for how groups are delineated and compared in autism research., Author(s): Emme O'Rourke [sup.1] [sup.2] , Emily L. Coderre [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.59062.38, 0000 0004 1936 7689, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Vermont, , 489 Main [...]

This study examined narrative ability in ASD and parents across two contexts differing in structure and emotional content, and explored gaze patterns that may underlie narrative differences by presenting narrative tasks on an eye tracker. Participants included 37 individuals with ASD and 38 controls, 151 parents of individuals with ASD and 63 parent controls. The ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated lower narrative quality than controls in the less structured narrative task only. Subtler, context-dependent differences emerged in gaze and showed some associations with narrative quality. Results indicate a narrative ability profile that may reflect genetic liability to ASD, and subtle links between visual attention and complex language skills that may be influenced by ASD genetic risk., Author(s): Michelle Lee [sup.1] , Kritika Nayar [sup.1] , Nell Maltman [sup.1] , Daniel Hamburger [sup.1] , Gary E. Martin [sup.3] , Peter C. Gordon [sup.2] , Molly Losh [sup.1] [...]

Background Darbepoetin alfa is a commonly prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) for correcting anemia in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, little information exists on its use in ESA-naïve patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa in pediatric patients initiating ESA therapy. Methods One-hundred sixteen pediatric ESA-naïve subjects (aged 1-18 years) with CKD stages 3-5D and hemoglobin (Hb) Results In both groups, mean Hb concentrations increased to [greater than or equal to]11.0 g/dl over the first 3 months of treatment and remained stable within the 10.0-12.0 g/dl target range. The median time to achieve hemoglobin [greater than or equal to]10 g/dl was slightly longer for subjects Conclusions Darbepoetin alfa can be safely administered either QW or Q2W to ESA-naïve pediatric patients with CKD-related anemia to achieve Hb targets of 10.0-12.0 g/dl., Author(s): Bradley A. Warady [sup.1] , John Barcia [sup.2] , Nadine Benador [sup.3] , Augustina Jankauskiene [sup.4] , Kurt Olson [sup.5] , Ludmila Podracka [sup.6] , Aleksey Shavkin [sup.7] , [...]

Background The national average for achieving the KDOQI-recommended hemoglobin (Hgb) target level of 11-12 g/dL is low with the current anemia management protocol of measuring Hgb levels every 2-4 weeks to guide intervention. The objective of this study was to correlate initial Hgb readings from the CRIT-LINE monitor with actual serum Hgb levels in pediatric patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods Data were collected from pediatric HD patients who had Hgb tests ordered for routine and/or clinical reasons. Hgb concentrations were read with the CRIT-LINE after 0.5 or 1 L of blood had been processed by HD in patients with a body weight of ≤20 or >20 kg, respectively. Ultrafiltration was kept at a minimum until the CRIT-LINE Hgb was read. Results In total, 217 Hgb readings from 23 HD patients were analyzed. Results showed a statistically significant correlation between CRIT-LINE readings and laboratory Hgb measurements (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001) using Pearson correlation coefficients for well-distributed data. The mean Hgb levels measured by CRIT-LINE and the laboratory were 11.12 ± 1.63 and 11.31 ± 1.69 g/dL, respectively. Conclusions The CRIT-LINE monitor is an accurate instrument for monitoring Hgb levels in HD patients. Further studies will be needed to evaluate whether using CRIT-LINE Hgb levels to guide anemia management will improve the percentage of children with Hgb levels within target., Author(s): Rouba Garro[sup.1] , Scott Sutherland[sup.2] , Liz Bayes[sup.2] [sup.3] , Steven Alexander[sup.2] , Cynthia Wong[sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Drive [...]

Summary: Speech range profile (SRP) is a graphical display of frequency-intensity occurring interactions during functional speech activity. Few studies have suggested the potential clinical applications of SRP. However, these studies [...]

Summary: Teachers have a high percentage of voice problems. For voice disordered teachers, resonant voice therapy is hypothesized to reduce voice problems. No research has been done on the physiological, [...]

Summary: Bilateral (quasi) symmetrical lesions of the anterior third of the vocal folds, commonly called vocal fold nodules (VFNs) are the most frequent vocal fold lesions in childhood caused by [...]

Summary: Objectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal-acoustic differences between trained singers and nonsingers during speech and singing tasks. Methods: Thirty male participants were separated into [...]

Summary: Disruption of auditory feedback such as masking has been shown to influence vocal production. A reliable finding is an increase in intensity level; an increase in fundamental frequency ([F.sub.0]) [...]

Summary: This study examined the acoustic and perceptual effects of topical anesthetic and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) against a control condition on the singing voices of ten professional sopranos. Recording [...]

Summary: The purpose of this research was to obtain information on the mean fundamental frequency (Fo) levels of Portuguese speakers and to investigate (1) whether differences exist between two groups [...]

Summary: Calcium carbonate (CaC[O.sub.3]) particles, the main component of chalk, are an important pollutant in the Brazilian school environment. However, there are few reports of the effect of this pollutant [...]

Summary: The anatomical changes in the senescent larynx are presented, with particular reference to the nonlinearity model of laryngeal biomechanics. The behavior of the Ishizaka-Flanagan 2-mass model in geriatric phonation [...]

Summary: This study explored whether acoustic and perceptual features could distinguish comfortable from maximally projected acting voice. Thirteen professional male actors performed a passage from William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar twice. [...]

Summary: This study was designed to examine the temporal acoustic differences between male trained singers and nonsingers during speaking and singing across voiced and voiceless English stop consonants. Recordings were [...]

Summary: In this study, the calculations and results of acoustic voice analysis as calculated by two different analysis systems (Doctor Speech (DRS), Tiger Electronics, Neu-Anspach, Germany, and Computerized Speech Lab [...]

Summary: The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the relationship between acoustic measures and auditory-perceptual dimensions of overall voice severity and pleasantness and (2) to evaluate the ability [...]

Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between voice complaint and deviant vocal fold status with special regard to presbylarynx, in patients aged more than 60 years, with pharyngeal-laryngeal complaint. The [...]

Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare oral pressure ([P.sub.o]), nasal airflow ([V.sub.n]), and velopharyngeal (VP) orifice area estimates from 12 tracheoesophageal (TE) and 12 laryngeal speakers as [...]

Summary: The significance of auditory and kinesthetic feedback to pitch control in singing was described in a previous report of this project for students at the beginning of their professional [...]

Summary: Longitudinal studies on vocal aging are scarce, and information on the impact of age-related voice changes on daily life is lacking. This longitudinal study reports on age-related voice changes [...]

Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an effect of task on determination of habitual loudness. Four tasks commonly used to elicit habitual loudness were [...]

Summary: Transsexuality is a complex, permanent transposition involving a paradoxical feeling of belonging to the opposite sex. Furthermore, in the case of male-to-female transsexuals, the unchanged male voice, which is [...]

Summary: This longitudinal study gathered data with regard to the question: Does singing training have an effect on the speaking voice? Fourteen voice majors (12 females and two males; age [...]

Summary: Vocal training (VT) has, in part, been associated with the distinctions in the physiological, acoustic, and perceptual parameters found in singers' voices versus the voices of nonsingers. This study [...]

Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the laryngeal mechanisms and the acoustical signal during a glissando. In particular, glottal length, maximum glottal area, and vibratory amplitudes during [...]

Summary: The primary goal of this study was to characterize a performer's singing and speaking voice. One woman was not admitted to a premier choral group, but her sister, who [...]

Summary: Voice disorders, specifically vocal fatigue, are more commonly reported by women than by men. Previously, 4 women with normal untrained voices read loudly for 2 hours in an attempt [...]

Summary: Anecdotally, in some persons it has been observed by the Senior Author (K.K.) that asymmetries of the mucosal wave exist when examined videostroboscopically. In the vast majority of these [...]

Summary: The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a relation between nonorganic habitual dysphonia and subjective experience of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (neurovegetative [...]

Summary: Distinguishing between vocal changes that occur with normal aging and those that are associated with disease is an important goal of research in voice. Several acoustic measures have been [...]

Summary: From postrecording interviews of professional singers, it was hypothesized that recording environments, i.e., sound-treated environment versus an auditorium, may induce different vocal behaviors. To test this hypothesis, three groups [...]

Byline: Shubhankar. Mishra, Sunil. Agarwalla, Dnyaneshwar. Potpalle, Nishant. Dash Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder with characteristic morphological anomaly. Our patient was a 4.5-year-old girl came with features [...]