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Binders play a critical role in rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by holding granular electrode materials, conductive carbons, and current collectors firmly together to form and maintain a continuous electron conduction phase with sufficient mechanical strength. In the commercial LIBs, the dominant binder is polyvinylidene fluoride for the cathode (LiCoO2, LiFePO4, LiNixCotyMnzO2, etc.) and carboxyl methylcellulose/styrene‐butadiene rubber for the anode (graphite and Li4Ti5O12). However, these polymer binders have several drawbacks, particularly, a lack of electronic and lithium‐ion conductivities. Here, a novel organic/inorganic hybrid conductive binder (LAP‐rGO) for both the anode and cathode of LIBs is reported. The binder consists of 2D reduced graphene oxide sheets with anchored long alkane chains. Electrodes prepared using this binder exhibit sufficient high bond strength, fast electrolyte diffusion, high rate charge/discharge performance, and excellent cycling stability. Around 130 mAh g−1 capacity enhancement at 5C is demonstrated for LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes owing to the combined improvement in electron and lithium ion transportation. LAP‐rGO bond graphite anode shows specific capacity beyond its theoretical value. Electrode slurries prepared using this new binder have superior processing and coating properties that can be prepared under a high humidity and dried using less energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO)-based hierarchical composite gels have attracting numerous attentions due to wide applications in nanomaterial and environmental fields. In this research work, a facile strategy is demonstrated to prepare chemically modified graphene oxide-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (GO-PEG) composite hydrogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization. The photopolymerization process between thiol groups on GO surface and ene segments in soluble PEG derivatives is critically predominant for the formation of composite hydrogels. The obtained composite hydrogels show good removal capacities and fit in pseudo-second-order model for used three model dyes. Thus, the present obtained GO-PEG composite hydrogels constructed by thiol-ene photopolymerization via eco-friendly prepared manner demonstrate new clues for preparing GO-based composite hydrogels and soft matter towards wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile one-pot solvothermal method has been used to synthesize hierarchical Fe 3 O 4 microsphere and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite. The Fe 3 O 4 microspheres are assembled with nanoparticles as primary building blocks and covered by the rGO sheets. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the composite displays a high specific capacity, good cycle stability, remarkable rate capability. The synergetic effect of the unique nano/micro hierarchical structure and high conductivity rGO modification promise a good soakage of electrolyte, high structure stability and enhanced electronic transition, leading to an excellent electrochemical performance. This work would open a new doorway for designing the electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries with superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H2V3O8 nanowires wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are synthesized successfully through a simple hydrothermal process. The structural properties of the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The RGO nanosheets modify the surfaces of the H2V3O8 nanowires through VC linkages. The H2V3O8/RGO composite exhibits a remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of its reversible capacity, cyclic performance, and rate capability. The material shows high discharge capacities of 256 and 117 mA h g−1 at the current densities of 0.1 and 1 A g−1, respectively, with almost no capacity fading after fifty charge/discharge cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that the superior electrochemical performance of H2V3O8/RGO can be attributed to the cooperation of RGO, which provides better mechanical flexibility, higher electronic conductivity, and smaller charge-transfer resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrode of PdCu nanoparticles modified free-standing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) framework (PdCu@rGOF) is fabricated via electrodeposition and chemical reduction and employed to the direct sodium borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC). The resultant catalyst reveals excellent catalytic performance towards hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) electroreduction reaction (HPRR) and sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) electrooxidation reaction (BOR) along with low activation energy (E a). Numerically, the PdCu@rGOF electrode delivers an HPRR current density of 455.2 mA cm−2 at 0 V (2 mol L−1 H 2 SO 4 +1.3 mol L−1 H 2 O 2). Additionally, the current density of BOR reaches up to 1065.3 mA cm−2 at 0 V for 2 mol L−1 NaOH and 0.3 mol L−1 NaBH 4. Meanwhile, the mechanism studies show that HPRR and BOR catalyzed by PdCu@rGOF mainly relates 2-electron-transfer process and quasi-8-electron-transfer process, respectively. Subsequently, PdCu@rGOF is assembled into a fuel cell, yielding the optimal power density of 188.9 mW cm−2. The open circuit potential (OCP) of DBHPFC is about 1.70 V at 293.15 K. The superior electrochemical performance of the optimized electrode can be attributed to the distinctive architecture and the strong adsorption and bond-breaking ability of Pd nanoparticles. This work indicates that the as-prepared PdCu@rGOF can be a promising catalyst for DBHPFC. [Display omitted] • A novel 3D through-hole rGOF framework has been successfully prepared. • PdCu@rGOF displays an excellent catalytic performance for HPRR and BOR. • PdCu@rGOF can be applied to both anode and cathode of DBHPFC. • DBHPFC presents high power density and operation stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon-coated SnS nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide composites are designed and synthesized. • Dual-carbon modification enhances the rate performance of SnS. • Potassiation stage adjustment results in stable cycling performance. Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted lots of attention due to its abundant resources. Exploring capable anode materials becomes one of the critical issues to achieve high-performance PIBs. Herein, carbon-coated SnS nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide (SnS@C/rGO) composite are designed and synthesized by a solvothermal reaction and heat treatment. The strategy of double carbon modification enhances the rate performance of SnS. Meanwhile, the cycling stability of SnS@C/rGO can be further improved by optimizing the voltage window, which can achieve the potassiation stage adjustment. K ions storage mechanism of SnS@C/rGO is investigated under different voltage windows. The deep alloying reaction occurs under low potential and is harmful to cycling performance. Moreover, the electrochemical kinetics of K ions storage is investigated by quantitative kinetics analysis. This work highlights the important effect of dual-carbon modification and adjusting the potassiation stage on the K ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO has good HER activity in both acidic and alkaline media. • The CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1) nanosheets uniformly decorate the rGO matrix. • DFT results verify CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1) heterostructure owns small band gap and ΔG H*. • The rGO matrix and heterojunction structure improve the electronic conductivity. It is important to develop novel energy to solve energy shortage and environmental problems. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is envisaged as a viable technology that can be used to develop sustainable clean energy. Herein, we report a catalyst with CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure grown on reduced graphene oxide with an optimum Co/Mo proportion of 1:1 (CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO). It exhibits good HER activities in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO shows an overpotential of 107 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1 under acidic condition. Meanwhile, CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO also presents an overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and with a Tafel slope of 89 mV dec−1 under alkaline condition. These impressive performances of the catalyst are mainly due to the excellent electronic transmission capability of rGO and the abundant active sites of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure as well as the optimized hydrogen adsorption energy of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 interface. The design of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO provides a meaningful guide for manufacturing electrode in energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO has good HER activity in both acidic and alkaline media. • FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO has well stability in both acidic and alkaline media. • On the morphology, FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 nanoparticles uniformly decorate the rGO matrix. • DFT results verify the FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO owns small work function. It is of great significance to develop inexpensive and high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we synthesized iron molybdenum selenide (FeSe 2 -MoSe 2) loaded on reduced graphene oxide (FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 /rGO) by a one-step hydrothermal method. We further optimized the Fe/Mo ratio and determined the best ratio to be 1-1. In acidic (or alkaline) solution, the optimized FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO has a small Tafel slope of 55 (or 80) mV dec−1 and needs an overpotential of 101 (or 178) mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2. These good properties are mainly due to the structure of bimetallic selenides combining rGO. Moreover, rGO enhances the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1) and rGO results in better HER performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation proves that FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO has a small work function. Based on our reasonable design and analysis, FeSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1-1)/rGO is expected to be an efficient and robust catalyst for large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Edge-rich GFe 2 O 3 composite was prepared by an in situ thermal decomposition route. • Numerous edge sites endow the GFe 2 O 3 composite with accelerated kinetics. • GFe 2 O 3 composite exhibits an impressive rate capability of 822 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. • GFe 2 O 3 composite shows high Na+ storage capacity of 253 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. Iron oxides have been recognized as a potential electrode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries owing to their relatively ultrahigh theoretical capacity, low-cost and earth-rich resources. Nevertheless, the rapid capacity degradation and sluggish kinetics seriously limit their practical applications. Herein, the kinetics enhanced ultrafine Fe 2 O 3 nanocrystals (~5 nm) well anchored on graphene are prepared for high-rate lithium and sodium storage. The unique structure could provide abundant electrochemical active edge sites, short ion/electron diffusion pathways, and excellent electrical conductivity, allowing for enhanced electron/ion transport/diffusion kinetics. The fabricated Fe 2 O 3 /reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite shows impressive discharge capacity (1175 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), significant rate performance (822 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and stable long-term cycle durability (993 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1) as a lithium-ion battery anode. As for sodium-ion storage, it also shows high discharge capacity of 701 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and remarkable rate performance (253 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). These above intriguing electrochemical performances outperform most of the so-far recorded Fe 2 O 3 based electrodes. Such material design strategy may pave a new way for the development of outstanding performance anode materials based on earth-rich materials for energy storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating transition metal complexes with carbon-based materials, especially graphene, is a useful strategy for synthesizing effective hydrogen evolution catalysts. Herein, we report a design of hollow hexagonal NiSe–Ni 3 Se 2 nanosheets grown on reduced graphene oxide (NiSe–Ni 3 Se 2 /rGO) by a simple hydrothermal method as an effective catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the full pH range. In 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , the NiSe–Ni 3 Se 2 /rGO possesses 112 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope (61 mV dec−1). In 1.0 M PBS and 1.0 M KOH, the overpotentials are 261 and 188 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and Tafel slopes are 103 and 92 mV dec−1, respectively. Meanwhile, it owns good cycle stability and durability over 20 h in the whole pH range (0-14). In all solutions, the HER performance of NiSe–Ni 3 Se 2 /rGO is better than that of NiSe–Ni 3 Se 2. This is because the rGO substrate accelerates the electron transfer and improves the electrical conductivity, increasing HER activity of catalyst. • The hollow hexagonal NiSe-Ni3Se2 nanosheets uniformly decorate the rGO. • The hollow structure exposes more active sites and transport pathways. • The hybrid material exhibits superior performance for HER in all pH media. • The stability of the composite is good under a variety of pH conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary metal niobium oxides can offer a higher specific capacity compared to niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5) and thus are ideal anode candidates for lithium ion capacitors (LICs). However, their lower electronic conductivity limits their ability to achieve high energy and power densities. In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) copper niobate (CuNb 2 O 6) nanowires are successfully prepared by electrospinning technology and then immobilized on two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets to form a unique 1D nanowire/2D nanosheet CuNb 2 O 6 /rGO structure. The 1D/2D CuNb 2 O 6 /rGO electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 312.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 as the anode of LICs. The proposed Li+ storage mechanism of the CuNb 2 O 6 anode involves CuNb 2 O 6 decomposition into lithium niobate (Li 3 NbO 4) and copper (Cu) during the initial lithium insertion process. The intercalation-type Li 3 NbO 4 will further serve as the host to Li+ and the inactive Cu phase will act as a conductive network for electron transportation. Furthermore, the energy density of the assembled CuNb 2 O 6 /rGO//activated carbon (CuNb 2 O 6 /rGO//AC) device could achieve a value as high as 92.1 Wh kg−1 and could thus be considered as a possible alternative electrode material for high energy and power LICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking the efficient and robust electrocatalysts necessarily enhances performance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Increasing the surface active sites is a means to improve the performance. Herein, we use the Ni 0·85 Se anchored on reduction of graphene oxide (Ni 0·85 Se/rGO) hybrid material skillfully established by one-step facile hydrothermal method as a robust and stable electrocatalyst applying to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In terms of morphology, Ni 0·85 Se nanospheres composed of many nanosheets are uniformly distributed on the graphene sheet layer. We also detailedly analyze its properties. Based on the interaction between Ni 0·85 Se and rGO, and the roles of graphene are as a substrate to heighten conductivity, possesses more active surface area by limiting growth of Ni 0·85 Se, and increases dispersion for exposing more active surface area and enlarge ion/electron transfer rate. In HER, the Ni 0·85 Se/rGO catalyst displays the overpotential of 128 mV with a common current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 91 mV dec−1, an extremely low onset potential of 37 mV, outstanding stability that a high current retention of 97.7% after 1000 cycles and well long-term stability for 18 h, outperforming the capability of Ni 0·85 Se nanospheres in alkaline solution for HER. The above results indicate that the Ni 0·85 Se/rGO hybrid material is a good HER ability and non-noble metal electrocatalyst has potential value in HER. • The Ni 0.85 Se nanospheres uniformly decorate the rGO sheets. • The Ni 0.85 Se/rGO electrocatalyst possesses more active surface area. • The stability of the composites can reach 97.7%. • The hybrid material exhibits superior performance for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An original three-dimensional self-supported reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foam is successfully prepared in this work. This novel support material, modified with Co nanosheets and Au nanoparticles, is employed as a high-performance catalyst for NaBH 4 electrooxidation under alkaline condition. The surface chemical component and morphology of the catalyst is characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope. The synthesized electrode exhibits excellent performance (1.35 A cm−2 at 0 V) towards NaBH 4 electrooxidation. The unique structure of rGO foam caused a large electrochemical active surface area (EASA (Au) = 390 m2 g−1), low electrochemical impedance, as well as 55.4% utilization efficiency of NaBH 4. Also, catalytic kinetic parameters during the electrooxidation reaction of NaBH 4 in a low NaBH 4 concentration are investigated. Results indicate that oxidation of BH 4 − is a first-order reaction, and the exchanged number of electrons obtained at the CoAu/rGO foam electrode is 6.9. Finally, we practically apply it to a direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC). This work suggests that the prepared rGO foam is an excellent current collector, and CoAu/rGO foam electrode is a promising anode catalyst to apply in DBHPFC. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic performance and NaBH 4 utilization are two crucial concerns in the electrooxidation of NaBH 4. To improve the inherent properties of regular performance and low fuel utilization of the transition metal Co and Ni, an efficient anode catalyst of ultra-thin CoNi nanosheets modified novel 3D self-supported reduced graphene oxide foam is prepared in this work. The alkaline condition borohydride oxidation reaction on the prepared catalyst is investigated in a typical three-electrode system. The prepared catalyst shows a high performance due to the large electrochemical active surface area, low activation energy (8.29 kJ·mol−1), and the small electrochemical impedance it embraced. Linear scan voltammetry recorded in a low concentration of NaBH 4 suggests that borohydride oxidation is a first-order reaction on the prepared catalyst. Based on the unique structure of the catalyst, which is useful to capture the hydrogen and perform further oxidation of hydrogen, higher utilization of NaBH 4 achieved on the catalyst. Besides, the prepared anode catalyst applied to a direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC). The results of polarization curve and power density curves, as well as stability research, all indicate that the as-prepared catalyst is a highly efficient anode material for application in DBHPFC. Unlabelled Image • Novel 3D self-supported rGO foam skeleton was prepared by a simple template method. • The catalytic activity of CoNi-NS/rGO foam is higher than CoNi-NS/Ni foam electrode. • Self-supported rGO foam matrix improved the utilization efficiency of NaBH4. • CoNi-NS/rGO foam anode catalyst exhibited highest power density of 140 mW·cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlight • A two-step hydrothermal strategy is adopted to transform Ni 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 to NiFe 2 O 4. • NiFe 2 O 4 @rGO slice is prepared as electrode for flexible symmetric supercapacitor. • NiFe 2 O 4 @rGO electrode shows excellent specific capacitance and cycling stability. Abstract A high working voltage and specific capacitance are vital for flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitor (FSSC) devices to achieve decent energy densities with high power. In this paper, we report a 1.8 V FSSC based on NiFe 2 O 4 nanocubes anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) cryogel electrode. Through surface protection by a free-standing three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, NiFe 2 O 4 converted from Ni 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 inhibits the original nanocube structure. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between NiFe 2 O 4 nanocubes and graphene nanosheets, the newly synthesized NiFe 2 O 4 @rGO hybrid electrode delivers a high charge storage capacity (488 F g−1 at a constant current density of 1 A g−1), excellent rate ability and cycling performance (89.8% of the initial capacitance value after 10,000 cycles). In addition, NiFe 2 O 4 @rGO FSSC has been assembled and exhibits stable behavior at bend state, as well as high energy density of 62.5 Wh kg−1, and long cycle life (93.2% of the initial capacitance value after 6000 cycles). The proposed strategy for controlling the design and synthesis of NiFe 2 O 4 @rGO nanostructures provides promise for the development of high performance electrode in advanced energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydopamine modified reduced graphene oxides (PDA‐rGO) are synthesized by a facile dopamine polymerization reaction. As‐prepared PDA‐rGO shows a capable electrochemical performance as an electrode material for supercapacitors. A capacitance of 120 F g−1 is achieved at current density of 2 A g−1. PDA‐rGO also presents a superior cycling performance with capacitance retention of ∼99% after 10000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to the addition of PDA, which prevents the stacking of rGO and enhances the wettability of composite. Meanwhile, the rGO with high conductivity promise fast electronic transport. Polydopamine modified reduced graphene oxides (PDA‐rGO) are synthesized by a facile dopamine polymerization reaction. A capacitance of 120 F g−1 is achieved at current density of 2 A g−1. PDA‐rGO also presents a superior cycling performance with capacitance retention of ∼99% after 10000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to the addition of PDA, which prevents the stacking of rGO and enhances the wettability of composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract Flexible supercapacitor plays a progressively more important part in power source for smart electronic devices and how to enhance its energy density is the urgent issue to be addressed. Hence, a hybrid electrode of Polypyrrole@reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (PPy@rGOH) is synthesized via a combine hydrothermal treatment of GO solution to assemble hydrogel and subsequently in-situ electropolymerization preparation of PPy on the surface of graphene. Through controlling the time of electropolymerization, the resultant PPy@rGOH-20 s with high specific surface area exhibits an excellent specific capacitance of 340 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and superior cycling stability of 87.4% capacitance retention after 10,000 charging/discharging cycles at 3 A g−1 in 1 M KNO 3. The assembled flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (FASC) by employing the PPy@rGOH-20s as positive electrode and pure rGOH as negative electrode presents a maximum operational voltage window of 1.6 V and high energy density of 46.9 W h kg−1, which is higher than polymer/carbon-based supercapacitors previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) optimizes the interfacial properties of MgMn2O4 and improves the Mg2+ diffusion in the electrode. This results in enhanced specific capacity and rate capability. MgMn2O4/rGO nanocomposites show a large discharge specific capacity of 140.1 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) holds great promise as power source to supply the next generation of portable and wearable electronics. Assembling asymmetric supercapacitor constructed with broadening cell voltage ( V ) is the promising way to increase the energy density. However, the imparity reaction kinetics between EDLC and pseudocapacitive materials will further lead to inferior power density. Hence, to pursue higher working voltage and energy density, a hybrid configuration of cobalt hexacyanoferrate/reduced graphene oxide hydrogels (PB-Co/rGOH) is prepared through a one-pot hydrothermal method. With highly interconnected 3D network structure, excellent mechanical robustness and the synergistic effects between the graphene and PB-Co, the resultant PB-Co/rGOH exhibits a high specific capacitance of 220 F g −1 and well cycle stability (83% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g −1 ). Moreover, the assembled PB-Co/rGOH//PB-Co/rGOH symmetric flexibly solid-state supercapacitor exhibits an amazing higher working voltage of 2.0 V and a remarkable energy density of 57.5 Wh kg −1 , which is comparable with that of Ni/MH batteries (60–120 Wh kg −1 ). These excellent electrochemical performances of the hybrid electrode provide a rational design strategy for developing supercapacitors with high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A current collector of reduced graphene oxide modified Ni foam (RN) is synthesized through a handy method of hydrothermal. The sheet-like reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped around the skeleton of Ni foam establishes a unique structure of the current collector with large surface area as well as good electronic conductivity which make a positive effect on the promotion of electrochemical property. Pd is chosen as the catalyst and deposited on the RN substrate in a form of nanoparticle by potentiostatic electro-deposition. Characterization analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) are conducted to investigate the morphology and structure of the final electrode of Pd nanoparticles decorated rGO supported on Ni foam (PRN). In 2 mol L −1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L −1 H 2 O 2 , a current density of 450 mA cm −2 is gained on the PRN electrode which is much larger than that on the electrode of Pd nanoparticles directly deposited on Ni foam (PN). An excellent stability of the PRN electrode is also concluded by the measurements revealing that this material can be potentially and widely applied to direct hydrogen peroxide fuel cell in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional (3D) catalyst electrode of Co3O4 nanosheets in situ formed on reduced graphene oxide modified Ni foam (Co3O4/rGO@Ni foam) for H2O2 electroreduction is prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. In the first step, graphene oxide sheets are reduced and formed on the skeleton of Ni foam and Co3O4 nanosheets are synthesized intermixed with the rGO sheets through the second step. The Co3O4 nanosheets are made up of plentiful nanoparticles and there are many nanoholes among these nanoparticles which are beneficial for the sufficient contact between H2O2 and the catalyst. The morphology and phase composition of the Co3O4/rGO@Ni foam electrode are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared electrode is investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). From the results, it can be seen that in 2 mol L−1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L−1 H2O2, the reduction current density of H2O2 on the Co3O4/rGO@Ni foam electrode is 450 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V which is much higher than that on Co3O4 directly supported on Ni foam. This obvious increase of the current density can be attributed to the increase of the surface area of the electrode after the addition of rGO. Also, the interpenetration of rGO and Co3O4 nanosheets improves the electron and ion transport ability of the electrode which leads to a good electrocatalytic activity and stability of the Co3O4/rGO@Ni foam electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective method was proposed to prepare low dielectric constant composites based on a hybrid of graphene oxide–POSS and fluoropoly(ether ether ketone) (FPEEK). Through the formation of amide between aminopropylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH2) and oxygen-containing groups (carboxyl groups) on graphene oxide (GO), the covalent functionalization of GO with POSS-NH2 (POSS-NH2–GO) hybrid was carried out, which is highly soluble in many organic solvents. The structure of the POSS-NH2–GO hybrid was confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, XRD, TGA, XPS, and TEM. The POSS-NH2–GO hybrid was well dispersed within the FPEEK polymer matrix to prepare POSS-NH2–GO/FPEEK composite films by solution blending. The dielectric constants of the composites decreased with the increasing content of POSS-NH2–GO hybrid, and a κ value of 2.01 was achieved with the incorporation of the hybrid, only 3.0 wt% could cause a 92.8% high enhancement in Young's modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CoSe 2 /RGO composite were prepared via a facile microwave assisted method. • The effects of RGO content on electrochemical performance were investigated. • The CoSe 2 /RGO-3 electrode delivers high capacitance of 761 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. • The CoSe 2 /RGO-3//AC exhibits high energy density of 43.1 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1. The composites composed of metal selenides and carbonaceous materials have revealed enormous potential in varied applications. Herein, CoSe 2 /reduced graphene oxide (CoSe 2 /RGO) composites are prepared by a low-cost and efficient microwave assisted method. The effects of RGO proportion on crystalline structure, microstructure and energy storage capacity are explored. Benefiting from the good electrical conductivity and reasonable RGO content, the CoSe 2 /RGO sample with 35.2 wt% RGO reveals an excellent specific capacitance of 761 F g−1 as well as outstanding durability. More importantly, we construct an all solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (CoSe 2 /RGO//active carbon) to broaden the voltage window, resulting in an enhanced energy density (43.1 Wh kg−1). The hybrid device presents a favorable durability with 10% capacity drop after 10,000 cycles. In addition, the practical applicability of asymmetric device is confirmed by powering a blue light emitting diode (LED) for more than 10 mins. This work presents a simple, effective, and reasonable construct strategy to synthesize composites of selenides and RGO for charge storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VO 2 (B)/RGO composites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal rout. • VO 2 (B)/RGO exhibited a capacity of 456 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. • The contribution of capacitive process leads to a remarkable rate ability. Low-cost and high-safety aqueous zinc ion batteries show their potential application for a large-scale energy storage system due to the high capacity and stable Zinc metal anode. Herein, VO 2 (B)/reduce graphene oxide (RGO) composite is designed and synthesized via a facile simple hydrothermal reaction. VO 2 (B) nanobelts uniformly deposited on RGO nanoflakes, which provide an electronic transport pathway and prevent the collapse of the structure during the zinc ion (de)intercalation process. VO 2 (B)/RGO composite exhibits a remarkable capacity of 456 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, an impressive rate capability of 292 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and capable cycling stability. The existence of capacitive contribution leads to fast zinc ions storage behavior. Moreover, the VO 2 (B)/RGO composite also offers a maximum energy density of 317 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 70 W kg−1 (based on the mass of the positive electrode). It suggests that VO 2 (B)/RGO composite is a suitable cathode for zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening electrical conductivity and multiple atomic interaction are benefit for improving activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we synthesized Fe-Doped NiSe 2 nanospheres distribute on reduced graphene oxide sheets (Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 /rGO). The optimum ratio (30%) of rGO was ascertained by comparing the properties of catalysts with different rGO amounts. In alkaline electrolyte, the Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 /rGO-30% owns the better OER performance than those of Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 and NiSe 2 , ascribed to the unique architecture that Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 nanospheres decorate rGO. In the architecture, the rGO matrix increases conductivity, enlarges transfer rate of ions and electrons and promotes dispersion of Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2. In addition, multiple atomic interaction of Ni/Fe atoms and the synergistic effect between the Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 and rGO enable the compound to be an efficient OER catalyst. Through the rational analysis, Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 /rGO-30% hybrid is promising as an effective non-noble metal catalyst for OER application. • The Ni 0.7 Fe 0.3 Se 2 nanospheres uniformly decorate the rGO. • Multiple atomic interaction contributes to better OER activities. • The rGO increases conductivity of composite and accelerates charge transfer rate. • The content of rGO in composites affects the OER performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A PPy-rGO Janus-faced film is prepared through a facile and scalable method. • The PPy-rGO electrode reveals a ultra-high specific capacitances of 1380 mF cm−2. • The assembled PPy-rGO//PPy-rGO device delivers a high energy density of 31.95 Wh L−1. The flexible supercapacitors have attracted tremendous attention, but challenges still remain in seeking suitable electrode materials to enhance the energy density and other aspects. To this end, a unique Polypyrrole (PPy)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Janus-faced film is prepared through a facile and scalable method consisting of the deposition of graphene film on the surface of copper foil via a Cu||GO electrochemical cell followed by the self-assembly of PPy at the heterogeneous interface. Such a distinctive structure, in which the PPy layer acts as the source of high pseudo-capacitance, while the graphene layer is employed as the "high way" for rapid electron transport and as well as the strong π-π coupling effect between graphene and polymer nanosheets, endows the resultant electrode ultra-high specific capacitances (1380 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and excellent rate capability (65.1% capacitance retention with the current density increases to 20 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the assembled PPy-rGO//PPy-rGO symmetric supercapacitors deliver a maximum energy density of 31.95 Wh L−1, remarkable cyclic stability (89.7% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) and superior mechanical property (82% capacitance retention after 8000 cycles under different bending conditions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]