17 results on '"T. C. McGuire"'
Search Results
2. CCPP: antibodies to F38 polysaccharide in Mali goats
- Author
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F R, Rurangirwa, B, Kouyate, M, Niang, and T C, McGuire
- Subjects
Goat Diseases ,Mycoplasma ,Goats ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Animals ,Mali ,Pleuropneumonia, Contagious ,Antibodies, Bacterial - Published
- 1990
3. Caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus transmission and disease
- Author
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T C, McGuire, K I, O'Rourke, D P, Knowles, and W P, Cheevers
- Subjects
Arthritis, Infectious ,Goat Diseases ,Retroviridae ,Goats ,Animals ,Encephalitis ,Retroviridae Infections - Published
- 1990
4. Neutralizing antibody response of rabbits and goats to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus
- Author
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T C McGuire and P Klevjer-Anderson
- Subjects
Immunology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Microbiology ,Neutralization ,Immunoglobulin G ,Virus ,Neutralization Tests ,Animals ,Neutralizing antibody ,Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus ,Infectivity ,biology ,Goats ,Complement System Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ,Immunodiffusion ,Retroviridae ,Infectious Diseases ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,Parasitology ,Rabbits ,Antibody ,Retroviridae Infections ,Research Article - Abstract
Rabbits were immunized with purified caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and examined for neutralizing activity. Analysis of virus-antiserum interaction at 37 degrees C demonstrated little loss of viral infectivity after incubation with heat-inactivated rabbit antiserum for 60 min. However, sensitization of virus (as assessed by the addition of complement) occurred almost immediately and was 95% complete after 10 min. The complement-dependent neutralizing activity was associated with the immunoglobulin G fraction of rabbit antiserum. Addition of goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G to the immune rabbit serum-caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus mixture also resulted in neutralization of infectivity when unbound antibody was removed before addition of the anti-immunoglobulin. Serum from most caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goats contains antibody activity to the core protein p28, as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, attempts to demonstrate neutralizing activity in the serum of goats up to 1.5 years post-inoculation or in serum of hyperimmunized goats were unsuccessful when the sera were examined alone or in combination with complement or rabbit anti-goat immunoglobulin or both.
- Published
- 1982
5. Regulation by antibody of phytolectin induced lymphocyte proliferation. I. Evidence for two mechanisms of suppression
- Author
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K L, Banks and T C, McGuire
- Subjects
Immunosuppression Therapy ,Methylglycosides ,Goats ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Immunoglobulins ,Cell Separation ,DNA ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Tritium ,Antibodies ,Antigen-Antibody Reactions ,Iodine Radioisotopes ,Antibody Specificity ,Lectins ,Concanavalin A ,Leukocytes ,Animals ,Horses ,Mannose ,Cells, Cultured ,Thymidine - Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms of antibody suppression of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Initial experiments incubated lymphocytes with either PHA or Con A, and at various times the respective anti-phytolectin was added to the cultures. DNA synthesis was less than 20% of the total response if anti-PHA was added within 2 hr and if anti-Con A was added within 10 hr of addition of mitogens to the culture. At the concentrations used, anti-PHA reduced PHA binding to the lymphocytes, while anti-Con A did not reduce Con A binding to the cells. Antibody was non-toxic and specific for its respective mitogen. Additional experiments incubated lymphocytes with either PHA or Con A and then the cells were washed and placed in mitogen-free media. The addition of antibody to cultures which had been washed markedly suppressed proliferation. Using radiolabeled PHA and Con A in one group of experiments and fluorescent labeled anti-mitogen antibodies in others, it was determined that antibody did not remove Con A or PHA from the cell, but instead antibody slowed the release of mitogen from the lymphocyte. Anti-mitogen antibody remained attached to mitogen on the surface of lymphocytes for at least 24 hr. The experiments suggest that antibody can suppress the lymphocyte reaction by blocking the necessary phytolectinlymphocyte interaction and interrupting stimulation by cell-bound mitogen.
- Published
- 1975
6. Acute arthritis in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus challenge exposure of vaccinated or persistently infected goats
- Author
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T C, McGuire, D S, Adams, G C, Johnson, P, Klevjer-Anderson, D D, Barbee, and J R, Gorham
- Subjects
Arthritis, Infectious ,Goats ,Vaccination ,Animals ,Viral Vaccines ,Immunotherapy ,Retroviridae Infections - Abstract
Goats vaccinated with inactivated caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) developed more severe arthritis after infectious CAEV challenge exposure than did goats vaccinated with tissue culture medium. Arthritis also developed more rapidly in the group vaccinated with inactivated virus. In another experiment, goats with persistent CAEV infection developed acute arthritis after at least 2 injections of infectious CAEV at monthly intervals. In this experiment, the control group consisted of goats with persistent CAEV that were given tissue culture medium. Seemingly, the immune response to CAEV is an important cause of the CAEV-induced arthritis.
- Published
- 1986
7. An inactivated vaccine for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
- Author
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A Kibor, S Chema, F.R. Rurangirwa, and T C McGuire
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Goats ,General Medicine ,Mycoplasma ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Microbiology ,Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia ,Immune system ,Inactivated vaccine ,Bacterial Vaccines ,medicine ,Pleuropneumonia ,Animals ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Pleuropneumonia, Contagious ,Adjuvant - Abstract
The results from several experiments demonstrated that an effective vaccine for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia could be made with inactivated F38 mycoplasma. Evaluation of the amounts of lyophilised F38 mycoplasma plus saponin showed that the optimum formulation was 0.15 mg of mycoplasma in saponin. Saponin inactivates the mycoplasma and provides the adjuvant effect necessary to stimulate a protective immune response. The lyophilised F38 mycoplasma could be stored for 14 months at either 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C without losing its immunising potential. A single immunisation with the optimum formulation produced a protective immune response in goats that lasted for longer than one year.
- Published
- 1987
8. Comparison of the effects of African trypanosomiasis in four breeds of dairy goats
- Author
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T C, McGuire, J L, Carlson, and D M, Mwamachi
- Subjects
Trypanosomiasis, African ,Hematocrit ,Goats ,Animals - Abstract
The consequences of experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense and later superinfection with T brucei were compared among four breeds of goats: Toggenburg, Nubian, Alpine and Saanen. No major differences were found with regard to packed cell volume, bodyweight or parasitaemia. When these four breeds were considered for introduction into areas having African trypanosomiasis, none appeared to have a comparative advantage with regard to innate resistance to trypanosomes.
- Published
- 1985
9. A latex agglutination test for field diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
- Author
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S Chema, Fred R. Rurangirwa, T C McGuire, and A Kibor
- Subjects
Latex beads ,Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Goats ,General Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Complement fixation test ,Virology ,Slide agglutination ,Latex fixation test ,Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia ,Direct agglutination test ,medicine ,Pleuropneumonia ,biology.protein ,Animals ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Antibody ,Pleuropneumonia, Contagious ,Latex Fixation Tests - Abstract
Latex beads were sensitised with a polysaccharide isolated from a F38 culture supernatant and used in a slide agglutination test to detect serum antibodies in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. The latex agglutination test detected antibodies in the sera of goats by 22 +/- 2 (mean +/- 1 sd) days after contact exposure to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, whereas the complement-fixation test detected antibodies by 24 +/- 4 days after contact exposure. Both tests were negative with 181 sera from a farm which was free of the disease. When the same tests were done on 763 sera from two different farms with outbreaks of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, 63 per cent were positive by the latex agglutination test and 23 per cent were positive by the complement-fixation test. Besides being more sensitive than complement fixation, the latex agglutination test can be performed in the field using undiluted serum or whole blood and a result obtained within two minutes.
- Published
- 1987
10. The lentiviruses: maedi/visna, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, and equine infectious anemia
- Author
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W P, Cheevers and T C, McGuire
- Subjects
Retroviridae ,Sheep ,Visna-maedi virus ,Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep ,Goats ,Animals ,Horses ,Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine ,Retroviridae Infections - Published
- 1988
11. Chronic disease in goats orally infected with two isolates of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus
- Author
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W P, Cheevers, D P, Knowles, T C, McGuire, D R, Cunningham, D S, Adams, and J R, Gorham
- Subjects
Arthritis, Infectious ,Visna-maedi virus ,Goats ,Chronic Disease ,Administration, Oral ,Animals ,Encephalitis ,Female ,Mastitis ,Retroviridae Infections - Abstract
Newborn Saanen goats were orally infected with two distinct biologically cloned isolates of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus (CAEV), designated CAEV(63) (Crawford TB, Adams DS, Cheevers WP, Cork LC: Science 207:997, 1980) and CAEV (Co) (Cork LC, Hadlow WJ, Crawford TB, Gorham JR, Piper RC: J Infect Dis 129:134, 1974; Narayan O, Clements JE, Strandberg JD, Cork LC, Griffin DE: J Gen Virol 50:69, 1980). All infected goats seroconverted for antibodies to CAEV, and there were no serologic reversions. Histologic lesions consisted of chronic inflammation of variable incidence and severity in joints and mammary gland. Clinical arthritis, estimated by enlargement of carpi, correlated with severe inflammation of radiocarpal synovium. Statistical evaluations of clinical and histologic parameters indicated that chronic joint disease was significantly more frequent and more severe in the group of goats infected with CAEV(63) than in the group infected with CAEV (Co). Thus, the severity of chronic arthritis is determined in part by the relative pathogenicity of individual CAEV isolates. Analysis of the temporal development of carpal arthritis during the first 3 years of infection indicated that (a) the extent of eventual chronic disease in individual joints was apparent relatively early after infection, (b) joints with severe chronic lesions were clinically enlarged at irregular intervals and (c) the pattern of recurrent arthritis was unique for each joint. Thus, chronic arthritis develops with a progressive course which may be promoted by recrudescent inflammation. Infectious virus was recovered 3 years after infection from selected tissues of 12 of 17 CAEV(63)-infected goats and 11 of 18 CAEV(Co)-infected goats. Virus recovery was independent of the virus isolate used for experimental infection and did not correlate with the severity of lesions.
- Published
- 1988
12. Composition of a polysaccharide from mycoplasma (F-38) recognised by antibodies from goats with contagious pleuropneumonia
- Author
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F R, Rurangirwa, T C, McGuire, N S, Magnuson, A, Kibor, and S, Chema
- Subjects
Mycoplasma ,Goats ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Animals ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,Hemagglutination Tests ,Pleuropneumonia, Contagious ,Antibodies, Bacterial - Abstract
A polysaccharide was extracted by warm aqueous phenol from the F-38 strain of mycoplasma which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). After acid hydrolysis, the polysaccharide was found to be composed of the neutral sugars glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose and the amino sugars galactosamine and glucosamine. All the sugars were present in approximately equal quantities. Unmodified goat erythrocytes bound the polysaccharide readily and the sensitised cells reacted with antibodies in sera from goats with experimental or natural CCPP. The unique composition of the F-38 polysaccharide and the specific reactivity of polysaccharide-sensitised red cells with antibodies from CCPP infected animals suggests that the polysaccharide should be useful for identification of F-38 organisms and diagnosis of the disease.
- Published
- 1987
13. Augmented T lymphocyte responses and abnormal B lymphocyte numbers in goats chronically infected with the retrovirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis
- Author
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J C, DeMartini, K L, Banks, A, Greenlee, D S, Adams, and T C, McGuire
- Subjects
Male ,Arthritis, Infectious ,B-Lymphocytes ,Immunity, Cellular ,Leukocyte Count ,Goats ,T-Lymphocytes ,Chronic Disease ,Animals ,Encephalitis ,Female ,Retroviridae Infections - Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis is a retrovirus-induced disease resulting in lymphoproliferative lesions of the CNS and joints. Peripheral blood leukocytes of chronically infected goats were analyzed for the types of cells present and for their reactivity to viral antigen and polyclonal stimulants. Two of 9 infected goats had abnormal numbers of B lymphocytes--one elevated and the other deficient. Lymphocyte reactivity to viral antigens was transiently detectable by a lymphoblastogenic assay in 5 of the 9 goats. The reactive cells were peanut agglutinin-negative T lymphocytes. Concanavalin A induced more division in T lymphocytes of infected goats than in lymphocytes of noninfected goats, whereas the reactions to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide were no different in the 2 goat groups. It is concluded that goats infected by the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus have antigen-reactive T lymphocytes and that infection promotes the response to a nonspecific T-cell stimulant.
- Published
- 1983
14. Biologic activities of bovine IgG subclasses
- Author
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T C, McGuire and A J, Musoke
- Subjects
Erythrocytes ,Sheep ,Neutrophils ,Goats ,Macrophages ,Complement Fixation Tests ,Guinea Pigs ,Antigen-Antibody Complex ,Monocytes ,Rats ,Phagocytosis ,Immunoglobulin G ,Animals ,Cattle ,Anaphylaxis ,Skin - Abstract
With regard to our studies on the functional properties of bovine IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies, the differences were minimal when homologous systems were evaluated. Both IgG1 and IgG2 fixed bovine complement by the classical pathway, caused homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, caused phagocytosis of coated erythrocytes by cultured monocytes and precipitated with an antigen having multiple unique determinants (ovalbumin). In contrast to IgG2, IgG1 caused neither adherence nor phagocytosis by freshly isolated neutrophils and monocytes. Additionally, IgG2 antibodies to DNP precipitated with DNP19ovalbumin while IgG1 antibodies formed soluble complexes with this antigen.
- Published
- 1981
15. Transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus
- Author
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D S, Adams, P, Klevjer-Anderson, J L, Carlson, T C, McGuire, and J R, Gorham
- Subjects
Arthritis, Infectious ,Milk ,Goats ,Animals ,Environment ,Encephalomyelitis - Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was isolated from goat milk and transmitted most efficiently to kids through both milk and colostrum. In addition, it appeared that transmissions through other secretions of the doe occurred, but were less important than transmission in milk and colostrum. Intrauterine infection may have occurred in 2 of 32 cesarean-derived goats, but postpartum horizontal transmission could not be ruled out. Transmission by the aerosol route was not demonstrated, and even short-term direct contact between virus-infected bucks and virus-free does during breeding did not result in transmission. Prolonged direct contact for over 12 months between weaned cesarean-derived goats and virus-infected goats was necessary before horizontal transmission could be demonstrated under nondairy conditions. However, when uninfected does were milked with infected does, a high percentage became infected in less than 10 months. Heat inactivation (56 C) reduced approximately 10(5) median tissue culture infective doses of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus to below titratable levels, and virus was not transmitted to kids fed virus-infected colostrum that had been heated at 56 C for 1 hour. A program of eradication is discussed in which kids are removed from their dams at birth, fed safe sources of colostrum and milk, and isolated from other goats until weaning.
- Published
- 1983
16. Experimental infection of sheep by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and goats by progressive pneumonia virus
- Author
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K L, Banks, D S, Adams, T C, McGuire, and J, Carlson
- Subjects
Slow Virus Diseases ,Carpus, Animal ,Retroviridae ,Sheep ,Visna-maedi virus ,Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep ,Arthritis ,Goats ,Synovial Membrane ,Animals ,Sheep Diseases - Abstract
The lentiviruses, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and progressive pneumonia virus (PPV) of sheep, cause major diseases in their respective hosts; however, the infectivity of these viruses for closely related species has not been determined. Experiments were conducted to determine whether CAEV would infect sheep and whether PPV would infect goats. Upon inoculation with CAEV, lambs developed a nonsuppurative arthritis and antibody to CAEV, and the virus was isolated up to 4 months later. Exposure of 3 lambs to CAEV-infected adult goats did not lead to demonstrable infection after 18 months. Young goats inoculated with PPV replicated the virus and developed arthritis and antiviral antibody. These results demonstrate that these distinctly different lentiviruses may infect and cause diseases in species other than their accustomed host. Presently used techniques may not be effective in differentiating which lentivirus is responsible for infection of sheep and goats. Our results also indicate that mixing sheep and goats may adversely influence attempts to eradicate lentiviruses from these species.
- Published
- 1983
17. Vaccination against contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by F38
- Author
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F R, Rurangirwa, T C, McGuire, S, Chema, and A, Kibor
- Subjects
Antigens, Bacterial ,Freeze Drying ,Mycoplasma ,Time Factors ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,Goats ,Bacterial Vaccines ,Animals ,Immunization ,Mycoplasma Infections ,Pneumonia - Abstract
Only F38 isolates of mycoplasma cause classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). Therefore, research has focused on the development of a vaccine that will prevent serious epidemics of the disease in goats. Goats immunized with two doses of a lyophilized preparation of isolated F38 organisms administered 4 weeks apart were completely immune to experimentally induced CCPP. The minimum immunizing dose was 0.15 mg, and this dose was still effective after storage for 14 months at 4 C and 22 C. The duration of immunity induced by a single dose of lyophilized F38 was at least 12 months.
- Published
- 1987
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