Author: "MacRae, Calum" / Topic: genetics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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48 results on '"MacRae, Calum"'

1. Zebrafish model of amyloid light chain cardiotoxicity: regeneration versus degeneration

Author: Mishra, Shikha, Joshi, Shaurya, Ward, Jennifer E, Buys, Eva P, Mishra, Deepak, Mishra, Deepa, Morgado, Isabel, Fisch, Sudeshna, Lavatelli, Francesca, Merlini, Giampaolo, Dorbala, Sharmila, MacRae, Calum A, and Liao, Ronglih
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Regenerative Medicine, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Aging, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Aetiology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Amyloidosis, Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified, Apoptosis, Cardiomyopathies, Cardiotoxicity, Cell Proliferation, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains, Myocardium, Regeneration, Zebrafish, amyloidosis, in vivo model cardiovascular disease, proteotoxicity, transgenic zebrafish, Physiology, Medical Physiology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Medical physiology
Abstract: Cardiac dysfunction is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis caused by a clonal immunoglobulin light chain (LC). Previously published transgenic animal models of AL amyloidosis have not recapitulated the key phenotype of cardiac dysfunction seen in AL amyloidosis, which has limited our understanding of the disease mechanisms in vivo, as well as the development of targeted AL therapeutics. We have developed a transgenic zebrafish model in which a λ LC derived from a patient with AL amyloidosis is conditionally expressed in the liver under the control of the Gal4 upstream activation sequence enhancer system. Circulating LC levels of 125 µg/ml in these transgenic zebrafish are comparable to median pathological serum LC levels. Functional analysis links abnormal contractile function with evidence of cellular and molecular proteotoxicity in the heart, including increased cell death and autophagy. However, despite pathological and functional phenotypes analogous to human AL, the lifespan of the transgenic fish is comparable to control fish without the expressed AL-LC transgene. Nuclear labeling experiments suggest increased cardiac proliferation in the transgenic fish, which can be counteracted by treatment with a small molecule proliferation inhibitor leading to increased zebrafish mortality because of cardiac apoptosis and functional deterioration. This transgenic zebrafish model provides a platform to study underlying AL disease mechanisms in vivo further. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart failure is a major cause of mortality in amyloid light (AL) amyloidosis, yet it has been difficult to model in animals. We report the generation of a transgenic zebrafish model for AL amyloidosis with pathological concentration of circulating human light chain protein that results in cardiac dysfunction. The light chain toxicity triggers regeneration in the zebrafish heart resulting in functional compensation early in life, but with age develops into cardiac dysfunction.
Published: 2019

2. An integrated clinical program and crowdsourcing strategy for genomic sequencing and Mendelian disease gene discovery

Author: Haghighi, Alireza, Krier, Joel B, Toth-Petroczy, Agnes, Cassa, Christopher A, Frank, Natasha Y, Carmichael, Nikkola, Fieg, Elizabeth, Bjonnes, Andrew, Mohanty, Anwoy, Briere, Lauren C, Lincoln, Sharyn, Lucia, Stephanie, Gupta, Vandana A, Söylemez, Onuralp, Sutti, Sheila, Kooshesh, Kameron, Qiu, Haiyan, Fay, Christopher J, Perroni, Victoria, Valerius, Jamie, Hanna, Meredith, Frank, Alexander, Ouahed, Jodie, Snapper, Scott B, Pantazi, Angeliki, Chopra, Sameer S, Leshchiner, Ignaty, Stitziel, Nathan O, Feldweg, Anna, Mannstadt, Michael, Loscalzo, Joseph, Sweetser, David A, Liao, Eric, Stoler, Joan M, Nowak, Catherine B, Sanchez-Lara, Pedro A, Klein, Ophir D, Perry, Hazel, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Goessling, Wolfram, Green, Robert C, Seidman, Christine E, MacRae, Calum A, Sunyaev, Shamil R, Maas, Richard L, Vuzman, Dana, and Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Brigham and Women’s Hospital FaceBase Project, Brigham Genomic Medicine (BGM)
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Brigham and Women’s Hospital FaceBase Project, Brigham Genomic Medicine, Medical biotechnology
Abstract: Despite major progress in defining the genetic basis of Mendelian disorders, the molecular etiology of many cases remains unknown. Patients with these undiagnosed disorders often have complex presentations and require treatment by multiple health care specialists. Here, we describe an integrated clinical diagnostic and research program using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing (WES/WGS) for Mendelian disease gene discovery. This program employs specific case ascertainment parameters, a WES/WGS computational analysis pipeline that is optimized for Mendelian disease gene discovery with variant callers tuned to specific inheritance modes, an interdisciplinary crowdsourcing strategy for genomic sequence analysis, matchmaking for additional cases, and integration of the findings regarding gene causality with the clinical management plan. The interdisciplinary gene discovery team includes clinical, computational, and experimental biomedical specialists who interact to identify the genetic etiology of the disease, and when so warranted, to devise improved or novel treatments for affected patients. This program effectively integrates the clinical and research missions of an academic medical center and affords both diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients suffering from genetic disease. It may therefore be germane to other academic medical institutions engaged in implementing genomic medicine programs.
Published: 2018

3. Large-scale genome-wide analysis identifies genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function

Author: Wild, Philipp S, Felix, Janine F, Schillert, Arne, Teumer, Alexander, Chen, Ming-Huei, Leening, Maarten JG, Völker, Uwe, Großmann, Vera, Brody, Jennifer A, Irvin, Marguerite R, Shah, Sanjiv J, Pramana, Setia, Lieb, Wolfgang, Schmidt, Reinhold, Stanton, Alice V, Malzahn, Dörthe, Smith, Albert Vernon, Sundström, Johan, Minelli, Cosetta, Ruggiero, Daniela, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Tiller, Daniel, Smith, J Gustav, Monnereau, Claire, Di Tullio, Marco R, Musani, Solomon K, Morrison, Alanna C, Pers, Tune H, Morley, Michael, Kleber, Marcus E, Aragam, Jayashri, Benjamin, Emelia J, Bis, Joshua C, Bisping, Egbert, Broeckel, Ulrich, Cheng, Susan, Deckers, Jaap W, Del Greco M, Fabiola, Edelmann, Frank, Fornage, Myriam, Franke, Lude, Friedrich, Nele, Harris, Tamara B, Hofer, Edith, Hofman, Albert, Huang, Jie, Hughes, Alun D, Kähönen, Mika, investigators, KNHI, Kruppa, Jochen, Lackner, Karl J, Lannfelt, Lars, Laskowski, Rafael, Launer, Lenore J, Leosdottir, Margrét, Lin, Honghuang, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Loley, Christina, MacRae, Calum A, Mascalzoni, Deborah, Mayet, Jamil, Medenwald, Daniel, Morris, Andrew P, Müller, Christian, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nappo, Stefania, Nilsson, Peter M, Nuding, Sebastian, Nutile, Teresa, Peters, Annette, Pfeufer, Arne, Pietzner, Diana, Pramstaller, Peter P, Raitakari, Olli T, Rice, Kenneth M, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rotter, Jerome I, Ruohonen, Saku T, Sacco, Ralph L, Samdarshi, Tandaw E, Schmidt, Helena, Sharp, Andrew SP, Shields, Denis C, Sorice, Rossella, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Stricker, Bruno H, Surendran, Praveen, Thom, Simon, Töglhofer, Anna M, Uitterlinden, André G, Wachter, Rolf, Völzke, Henry, Ziegler, Andreas, Münzel, Thomas, März, Winfried, Cappola, Thomas P, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Mitchell, Gary F, Smith, Nicholas L, and Fox, Ervin R
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Prevention, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Myocardium, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Medical and Health Sciences, Immunology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: BackgroundUnderstanding the genetic architecture of cardiac structure and function may help to prevent and treat heart disease. This investigation sought to identify common genetic variations associated with inter-individual variability in cardiac structure and function.MethodsA GWAS meta-analysis of echocardiographic traits was performed, including 46,533 individuals from 30 studies (EchoGen consortium). The analysis included 16 traits of left ventricular (LV) structure, and systolic and diastolic function.ResultsThe discovery analysis included 21 cohorts for structural and systolic function traits (n = 32,212) and 17 cohorts for diastolic function traits (n = 21,852). Replication was performed in 5 cohorts (n = 14,321) and 6 cohorts (n = 16,308), respectively. Besides 5 previously reported loci, the combined meta-analysis identified 10 additional genome-wide significant SNPs: rs12541595 near MTSS1 and rs10774625 in ATXN2 for LV end-diastolic internal dimension; rs806322 near KCNRG, rs4765663 in CACNA1C, rs6702619 near PALMD, rs7127129 in TMEM16A, rs11207426 near FGGY, rs17608766 in GOSR2, and rs17696696 in CFDP1 for aortic root diameter; and rs12440869 in IQCH for Doppler transmitral A-wave peak velocity. Findings were in part validated in other cohorts and in GWAS of related disease traits. The genetic loci showed associations with putative signaling pathways, and with gene expression in whole blood, monocytes, and myocardial tissue.ConclusionThe additional genetic loci identified in this large meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function provide insights into the underlying genetic architecture of cardiac structure and warrant follow-up in future functional studies.FundingFor detailed information per study, see Acknowledgments.
Published: 2017

4. Glucocorticoids enhance muscle endurance and ameliorate Duchenne muscular dystrophy through a defined metabolic program

Author: Morrison-Nozik, Alexander, Anand, Priti, Zhu, Han, Duan, Qiming, Sabeh, Mohamad, Prosdocimo, Domenick A, Lemieux, Madeleine E, Nordsborg, Nikolai, Russell, Aaron P, MacRae, Calum A, Gerber, Anthony N, Jain, Mukesh K, and Haldar, Saptarsi M
Subjects: Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Muscular Dystrophy, Pediatric, Rare Diseases, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Duchenne/ Becker Muscular Dystrophy, Brain Disorders, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Musculoskeletal, Animals, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Nuclear Proteins, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, skeletal muscle metabolism, glucocorticoid, exercise, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, steroid hormone nuclear receptor
Abstract: Classic physiology studies dating to the 1930s demonstrate that moderate or transient glucocorticoid (GC) exposure improves muscle performance. The ergogenic properties of GCs are further evidenced by their surreptitious use as doping agents by endurance athletes and poorly understood efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic muscle-wasting disease. A defined molecular basis underlying these performance-enhancing properties of GCs in skeletal muscle remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that ergogenic effects of GCs are mediated by direct induction of the metabolic transcription factor KLF15, defining a downstream pathway distinct from that resulting in GC-related muscle atrophy. Furthermore, we establish that KLF15 deficiency exacerbates dystrophic severity and muscle GC-KLF15 signaling mediates salutary therapeutic effects in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Thus, although glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated transactivation is often associated with muscle atrophy and other adverse effects of pharmacologic GC administration, our data define a distinct GR-induced gene regulatory pathway that contributes to therapeutic effects of GCs in DMD through proergogenic metabolic programming.
Published: 2015

5. The third international meeting on genetic disorders in the RAS/MAPK pathway: Towards a therapeutic approach

Author: Korf, Bruce, Ahmadian, Reza, Allanson, Judith, Aoki, Yoko, Bakker, Annette, Wright, Emma Burkitt, Denger, Brian, Elgersma, Ype, Gelb, Bruce D, Gripp, Karen W, Kerr, Bronwyn, Kontaridis, Maria, Lazaro, Conxi, Linardic, Corinne, Lozano, Reymundo, MacRae, Calum A, Messiaen, Ludwine, Mulero-Navarro, Sonia, Neel, Benjamin, Plotkin, Scott, Rauen, Katherine A, Roberts, Amy, Silva, Alcino J, Sittampalam, Sitta G, Zhang, Chao, and Schoyer, Lisa
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Orphan Drug, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System, ras Proteins, Ras, neurofibromatosis, noonan syndrome, costello syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Clinical Sciences, Clinical sciences
Abstract: "The Third International Meeting on Genetic Disorders in the RAS/MAPK Pathway: Towards a Therapeutic Approach" was held at the Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld Hotel (August 2-4, 2013). Seventy-one physicians and scientists attended the meeting, and parallel meetings were held by patient advocacy groups (CFC International, Costello Syndrome Family Network, NF Network and Noonan Syndrome Foundation). Parent and patient advocates opened the meeting with a panel discussion to set the stage regarding their hopes and expectations for therapeutic advances. In keeping with the theme on therapeutic development, the sessions followed a progression from description of the phenotype and definition of therapeutic endpoints, to definition of genomic changes, to identification of therapeutic targets in the RAS/MAPK pathway, to preclinical drug development and testing, to clinical trials. These proceedings will review the major points of discussion.
Published: 2015

6. Future translational applications from the contemporary genomics era: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

Author: Fox, Caroline, Hall, Jennifer, Arnett, Donna, Ashley, Euan, Delles, Christian, Engler, Mary, Freeman, Mason, Johnson, Julie, Lanfear, David, Liggett, Stephen, Lusis, Aldons, Loscalzo, Joseph, MacRae, Calum, Musunuru, Kiran, Newby, L, ODonnell, Christopher, Rich, Stephen, and Terzic, Andre
Subjects: AHA Scientific Statements, DNA, HapMap Project, Human Genome Project, PCSK9 protein, mouse, adrenergic beta-antagonists, genetics, genome-wide association study, polymorphism, single nucleotide, American Heart Association, Animals, Biotransformation, Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Forecasting, Genetic Variation, Genomics, Human Genome Project, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mice, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical, United States
Abstract: The field of genetics and genomics has advanced considerably with the achievement of recent milestones encompassing the identification of many loci for cardiovascular disease and variable drug responses. Despite this achievement, a gap exists in the understanding and advancement to meaningful translation that directly affects disease prevention and clinical care. The purpose of this scientific statement is to address the gap between genetic discoveries and their practical application to cardiovascular clinical care. In brief, this scientific statement assesses the current timeline for effective translation of basic discoveries to clinical advances, highlighting past successes. Current discoveries in the area of genetics and genomics are covered next, followed by future expectations, tools, and competencies for achieving the goal of improving clinical care.
Published: 2015

7. Genome-wide association analyses identify novel Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility

Author: Barc, Julien, Tadros, Rafik, Glinge, Charlotte, Chiang, David Y., Jouni, Mariam, Simonet, Floriane, Jurgens, Sean J., Baudic, Manon, Nicastro, Michele, Potet, Franck, Offerhaus, Joost A., Walsh, Roddy, Choi, Seung Hoan, Verkerk, Arie O., Mizusawa, Yuka, Anys, Soraya, Minois, Damien, Arnaud, Marine, Duchateau, Josselin, Wijeyeratne, Yanushi D., Muir, Alison, Papadakis, Michael, Castelletti, Silvia, Torchio, Margherita, Ortuño, Cristina Gil, Lacunza, Javier, Giachino, Daniela F., Cerrato, Natascia, Martins, Raphaël P., Campuzano, Oscar, Van Dooren, Sonia, Thollet, Aurélie, Kyndt, Florence, Mazzanti, Andrea, Clémenty, Nicolas, Bisson, Arnaud, Corveleyn, Anniek, Stallmeyer, Birgit, Dittmann, Sven, Saenen, Johan, Noël, Antoine, Honarbakhsh, Shohreh, Rudic, Boris, Marzak, Halim, Rowe, Matthew K., Federspiel, Claire, Le Page, Sophie, Placide, Leslie, Milhem, Antoine, Barajas-Martinez, Hector, Beckmann, Britt-Maria, Krapels, Ingrid P., Steinfurt, Johannes, Winkel, Bo Gregers, Jabbari, Reza, Shoemaker, Moore B., Boukens, Bas J., Škorić-Milosavljević, Doris, Bikker, Hennie, Manevy, Federico, Lichtner, Peter, Ribasés, Marta, Meitinger, Thomas, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Strauch, Konstantin, Peters, Annette, Schulz, Holger, Schwettmann, Lars, Leidl, Reiner, Heier, Margit, Veldink, Jan H., van den Berg, Leonard H., Van Damme, Philip, Cusi, Daniele, Lanzani, Chiara, Rigade, Sidwell, Charpentier, Eric, Baron, Estelle, Bonnaud, Stéphanie, Lecointe, Simon, Donnart, Audrey, Le Marec, Hervé, Chatel, Stéphanie, Karakachoff, Matilde, Bézieau, Stéphane, London, Barry, Tfelt-Hansen, Jacob, Roden, Dan, Odening, Katja E., Cerrone, Marina, Chinitz, Larry A., Volders, Paul G., van de Berg, Maarten P., Laurent, Gabriel, Faivre, Laurence, Antzelevitch, Charles, Kääb, Stefan, Arnaout, Alain Al, Dupuis, Jean-Marc, Pasquie, Jean-Luc, Billon, Olivier, Roberts, Jason D., Jesel, Laurence, Borggrefe, Martin, Lambiase, Pier D., Mansourati, Jacques, Loeys, Bart, Leenhardt, Antoine, Guicheney, Pascale, Maury, Philippe, Schulze-Bahr, Eric, Robyns, Tomas, Breckpot, Jeroen, Babuty, Dominique, Priori, Silvia G., Napolitano, Carlo, Defaye, Pascal, Anselme, Frédéric, Darmon, Jean Philippe, Wiart, François, de Asmundis, Carlo, Brugada, Pedro, Brugada, Ramon, Arbelo, Elena, Brugada, Josep, Mabo, Philippe, Behar, Nathalie, Giustetto, Carla, Molina, Maria Sabater, Gimeno, Juan R., Hasdemir, Can, Schwartz, Peter J., Crotti, Lia, McKeown, Pascal P., Sharma, Sanjay, Behr, Elijah R., Haissaguerre, Michel, Sacher, Frédéric, Rooryck, Caroline, Tan, Hanno L., Remme, Carol A., Postema, Pieter G., Delmar, Mario, Ellinor, Patrick T., Lubitz, Steven A., Gourraud, Jean-Baptiste, Tanck, Michael W., George, Alfred L., MacRae, Calum A., Burridge, Paul W., Dina, Christian, Probst, Vincent, Wilde, Arthur A., Schott, Jean-Jacques, Redon, Richard, Bezzina, Connie R., KORA-Study Group, Nantes Referral Ctr Inherited Card, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé - François Bonamy, Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes (IRS-UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (Bordeaux) (U1211 INSERM/MRGM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, The MINE study (J.H.V.) has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 772376—EScORIAL). The collaboration project is cofunded by the PPP Allowance made available by Health~Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, to stimulate public–private partnerships. This study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113, 085475 and 090355. The KORA research platform (KORA, Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and by the State of Bavaria. Furthermore, KORA research was supported within the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, as part of LMUinnovativ. J. Barc is supported by the research program Etoiles montantes des Pays de la Loire REGIOCARD RPH081-U1087-REG-PDL, ANR JCJC LEARN (R21006NN, RPV21014NNA) and by the H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 Program of the European Commission (RISTRAD-661617). R.T. is supported by the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society’s George Mines Award, the European Society of Cardiology research award, and the Philippa and Marvin Carsley Cardiology Chair. D.Y.C. is supported by Fondation Leducq and National Institutes of Health (NIH) NHGRI T32 (no. 1T32HG010464-01). M. Baudic was supported by IRP—VERACITIES—New Mechanisms for VEntricular ARrhythmia And CardIomeTabolic DIseasES, an I-SITE NExT health and engineering initiative (Ecole Centrale and Nantes University) and by the IRP—GAINES—Genetic Architecture IN cardiovascular disEaSes funded by INSERM and CNRS. R.W. is supported by an Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences fellowship. S.C. is supported by the NHLBI BioData Catalyst Fellows Program. C.A.R. is supported by Fondation Leducq, the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2) and the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Vidi grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, 91714371). Y.D.W. is supported by the Robert Lancaster Memorial Fund. M.P. is supported by Cardiac Risk in the Young. S.V.D. is supported by Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts VUB-UZ Brussel, project ‘Unravelling the molecular genetic pathways of Brugada Syndrome by cardiomics research’, VUB IRP project ‘IMAGica: an Integrative personalized Medical Approach for Genetic diseases, Inherited Cardia Arrhythmias as a model’ and Innoviris BRIDGE 2017, project ‘IGenCare: Integrated Personalised Medical Genomics Care Solution for Patients with Rare Genetic Diseases’. S.H. is supported by the Barts BRC. B.R. is supported by the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) and by the BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research). B.G.W. is supported by the Danish Heart Foundation. M.B.S. is supported by K23HL127704. Project MinE Belgium was supported by a grant from IWT (no. 140935), the ALS Liga België, the National Lottery of Belgium and the KU Leuven Opening the Future Fund. D.C. and C.L. are supported by HYPERGENES (HEALTH-F4-2007). D.R. is supported by R01 HL149826, P50 GM115305. P.J.S. acknowledges the support of Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research grant 18CVD05. P.V.D. is supported by the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative (CVON PREDICT2). C.A. is supported by NIH HL47678 and HL138103, W.W. Smith Charitable Trust and Wistar Morris Fund. M.B. is Supported by the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) and by the BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research). P.D.L. is supported by UCL/UCLH Biomedicine NIHR and Barts BRC. B.L. is supported by GOA—Antigone 33933. J.B. is supported by a Senior Clinical Fellowship of the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO). E.B. is supported by the British Heart Foundation including BHF Clinical Research Training Fellowship (FS/11/71/28918: Future diagnostic role and new genetic loci in SADS), Cardiac Risk in the Young and Robert Lancaster Memorial fund sponsored by McColl’s Ltd. Retail Group. H.L.T. is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under acronym ESCAPE-NET, registered under grant agreement no. 733381, and the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON RESCUED and PREDICT2 projects). M.D. is supported by NIH-RO1 HL134328. P.T.E. was supported by the Fondation Leducq (14CVD01), the NIH (1RO1HL092577, R01HL128914, K24HL105780), the American Heart Association (18SFRN34110082) and by a research grant from Bayer AG to the Broad Institute. S.A.L. is supported by NIH grant 1R01HL139731 and American Heart Association 18SFRN34250007. J.-B.G. received a grant from the Fédération Française de Cardiologie (PREVENT project). A.L.G. is supported by the Fondation Leducq. C.A.M.R. is supported by the Leducq Foundation and Burroughs Wellecome Fund. A.A.W. is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2 project). J.-J.S. is supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DEQ20140329545). R.R. and P.G. are supported by the National Agency for Research (ANR-GENSUD-14-CE10-0001). C.R.B. is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2 project), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI fellowship, 016.150.610) and Fondation Leducq (17CVD02)., Barc, J, Tadros, R, Glinge, C, Chiang, D, Jouni, M, Simonet, F, Jurgens, S, Baudic, M, Nicastro, M, Potet, F, Offerhaus, J, Walsh, R, Hoan Choi, S, Verkerk, A, Mizusawa, Y, Anys, S, Minois, D, Arnaud, M, Duchateau, J, Wijeyeratne, Y, Muir, A, Papadakis, M, Castelletti, S, Torchio, M, Gil Ortuño, C, Lacunza, J, Giachino, D, Cerrato, N, Martins, R, Campuzano, O, Van Dooren, S, Thollet, A, Kyndt, F, Mazzanti, A, Clémenty, N, Bisson, A, Corveleyn, A, Stallmeyer, B, Dittmann, S, Saenen, J, Noël, A, Honarbakhsh, S, Rudic, B, Marzak, H, Rowe, M, Federspiel, C, Le Page, S, Placide, L, Milhem, A, Barajas-Martinez, H, Beckmann, B, Krapels, I, Steinfurt, J, Gregers Winkel, B, Jabbari, R, Shoemaker, M, Boukens, B, Škorić-Milosavljević, D, Bikker, H, Manevy, F, Lichtner, P, Ribasés, M, Meitinger, T, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Group, K, Veldink, J, van den Berg, L, Van Damme, P, Cusi, D, Lanzani, C, Rigade, S, Charpentier, E, Baron, E, Bonnaud, S, Lecointe, S, Donnart, A, Le Marec, H, Chatel, S, Karakachoff, M, Bézieau, S, London, B, Tfelt-Hansen, J, Roden, D, Odening, K, Cerrone, M, Chinitz, L, Volders, P, van de Berg, M, Laurent, G, Faivre, L, Antzelevitch, C, Kääb, S, Al Arnaout, A, Dupuis, J, Pasquie, J, Billon, O, Roberts, J, Jesel, L, Borggrefe, M, Lambiase, P, Mansourati, J, Loeys, B, Leenhardt, A, Guicheney, P, Maury, P, Schulze-Bahr, E, Robyns, T, Breckpot, J, Babuty, D, Priori, S, Napolitano, C, Referral Center for inherited cardiac arrhythmia, N, de Asmundis, C, Brugada, P, Brugada, R, Arbelo, E, Brugada, J, Mabo, P, Behar, N, Giustetto, C, Sabater Molina, M, Gimeno, J, Hasdemir, C, Schwartz, P, Crotti, L, Mckeown, P, Sharma, S, Behr, E, Haissaguerre, M, Sacher, F, Rooryck, C, Tan, H, Remme, C, Postema, P, Delmar, M, Ellinor, P, Lubitz, S, Gourraud, J, Tanck, M, L. George Jr., A, Macrae, C, Burridge, P, Dina, C, Probst, V, Wilde, A, Schott, J, Redon &amp, R, Bezzina, C, Cardiology, Graduate School, Medical Biology, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Human Genetics, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, APH - Methodology, Epidemiology and Data Science, MUMC+: DA KG Polikliniek (9), RS: Carim - H02 Cardiomyopathy, Cardiologie, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Cardiologie (9), RS: Carim - H04 Arrhythmogenesis and cardiogenetics, and Cardiovascular Centre (CVC)
Subjects: EXPRESSION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DIAGNOSIS, GUIDELINES, ANNOTATION, Article, NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel, Young Adult, MANAGEMENT, Genetics, GWAS, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 610 Medicine & health, SCN5A, Alleles, Brugada Syndrome, Allele, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, HERITABILITY, Microtubule-Associated Protein, Brugada Syndrome, GWAS, SNPs, COMMON VARIANTS, Mutation, Disease Susceptibility, Human medicine, ENRICHMENT, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, SNPs, Human, GENERATION, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. With the exception of SCN5A, encoding the cardiac sodium channel Na(V)1.5, susceptibility genes remain largely unknown. Here we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 2,820 unrelated cases with BrS and 10,001 controls, and identified 21 association signals at 12 loci (10 new). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability estimates indicate a strong polygenic influence. Polygenic risk score analyses based on the 21 susceptibility variants demonstrate varying cumulative contribution of common risk alleles among different patient subgroups, as well as genetic associations with cardiac electrical traits and disorders in the general population. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci indicates that transcriptional regulation is a key feature of BrS pathogenesis. Furthermore, functional studies conducted on MAPRE2, encoding the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2, point to microtubule-related trafficking effects on Na(V)1.5 expression as a new underlying molecular mechanism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture of BrS and provide new insights into its molecular underpinnings. Genome-wide association analyses identify new susceptibility loci for Brugada syndrome. Functional studies implicate microtubule-related trafficking effects on sodium channel expression as an underlying molecular mechanism., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [772376-EScORIAL]; Health~Holland; Top Sector Life Sciences Health; Wellcome Trust [076113, 085475, 090355]; Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; State of Bavaria; Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ; research program Etoiles montantes des Pays de la Loire [REGIOCARD RPH081-U1087-REG-PDL]; ANR JCJC LEARN [R21006NN, RPV21014NNA]; H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 Program of the European Commission [RISTRAD-661617]; Canadian Heart Rhythm Society's George Mines Award; European Society of Cardiology research award; Philippa and Marvin Carsley Cardiology Chair; Fondation Leducq; National Institutes of Health (NIH) NHGRI T32 [1T32HG010464-01]; IRP-VERACITIES-New Mechanisms for VEntricular ARrhythmia And CardIomeTabolic DIseasES an I-SITE NExT health and engineering initiative (Ecole Centrale); IRP-VERACITIES-New Mechanisms for VEntricular ARrhythmia And CardIomeTabolic DIseasES an I-SITE NExT health and engineering initiative (Nantes University); IRP-GAINES-Genetic Architecture IN cardiovascular disEaSes - INSERM; CNRS; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences fellowship; NHLBI BioData Catalyst Fellows Program; Dutch Heart Foundation [CVON PREDICT2]; Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Vidi grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) [91714371]; Robert Lancaster Memorial Fund; Cardiac Risk in the Young; Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts VUB-UZ Brussel; VUB IRP project `IMAGica: an Integrative personalized Medical Approach for Genetic diseases, Inherited Cardia Arrhythmias as a model' and Innoviris BRIDGE 2017; project `IGenCare: Integrated Personalised Medical Genomics Care Solution for Patients with Rare Genetic Diseases'; Barts BRC; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research); Danish Heart Foundation; IWT [140935]; ALS Liga Belgie; National Lottery of Belgium; KU Leuven Opening the Future Fund; HYPERGENES [HEALTH-F4-2007]; Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research grant [18CVD05]; Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative [CVON PREDICT2]; NIH [HL47678, HL138103, 1RO1HL092577, R01HL128914, K24HL105780]; W.W. Smith Charitable Trust; Wistar Morris Fund; GOA-Antigone [33933]; Senior Clinical Fellowship of the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO); British Heart Foundation; BHF Clinical Research Training Fellowship [FS/11/71/28918]; Cardiac Risk in the Young and Robert Lancaster Memorial fund - McColl's Ltd. Retail Group; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under acronym ESCAPE-NET [733381]; Dutch Heart Foundation; Fondation Leducq [14CVD01, 17CVD02]; American Heart Association [18SFRN34110082, 18SFRN34250007]; Bayer AG; NIH grant [1R01HL139731]; Federation Francaise de Cardiologie (PREVENT project); Leducq Foundation; Burroughs Wellecome Fund; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [DEQ20140329545]; National Agency for Research [ANR-GENSUD-14-CE10-0001]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI fellowship) [016.150.610]; [K23HL127704]; [R01 HL149826]; [P50 GM115305]; [NIH-RO1 HL134328], We are greatly indebted to the patients included in the study. We thank V. Cotard, C. Goutsmedt, M.-F. Le Cunff and N. Bourgeais for assistance in patient recruitment and L. Beekman for his technical support. We thank the biological resource centre for biobanking (CHU Nantes, Nantes Universite, Centre de ressources biologiques (BB0033-00040), F-44000 Nantes, France) for applying the following guidelines68. We are most grateful to the Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility of Nantes (GenoBiRD, Biogenouest, IFB) for its technical support. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank resource; we are grateful to UK Biobank participants. The MINE study (J.H.V.) has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 772376-EScORIAL). The collaboration project is cofunded by the PPP Allowance made available by Health~Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health, to stimulate public-private partnerships. This study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www.wtccc.org.uk.Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 076113, 085475 and 090355. The KORA research platform (KORA, Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and by the State of Bavaria. Furthermore, KORA research was supported within the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ. J. Barc is supported by the research program Etoiles montantes des Pays de la Loire REGIOCARD RPH081-U1087-REG-PDL, ANR JCJC LEARN (R21006NN, RPV21014NNA) and by the H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 Program of the European Commission (RISTRAD-661617). R.T. is supported by the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society's George Mines Award, the European Society of Cardiology research award, and the Philippa and Marvin Carsley Cardiology Chair. D.Y.C. is supported by Fondation Leducq and National Institutes of Health (NIH) NHGRI T32 (no. 1T32HG010464-01). M. Baudic was supported by IRP-VERACITIES-New Mechanisms for VEntricular ARrhythmia And CardIomeTabolic DIseasES, an I-SITE NExT health and engineering initiative (Ecole Centrale and Nantes University) and by the IRP-GAINES-Genetic Architecture IN cardiovascular disEaSes funded by INSERM and CNRS. R.W. is supported by an Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences fellowship. S.C. is supported by the NHLBI BioData Catalyst Fellows Program. C.A.R. is supported by Fondation Leducq, the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2) and the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Vidi grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw; 91714371). Y.D.W. is supported by the Robert Lancaster Memorial Fund. M.P. is supported by Cardiac Risk in the Young. S.V.D. is supported by Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts VUB-UZ Brussel, project `Unravelling the molecular genetic pathways of Brugada Syndrome by cardiomics research', VUB IRP project `IMAGica: an Integrative personalized Medical Approach for Genetic diseases, Inherited Cardia Arrhythmias as a model' and Innoviris BRIDGE 2017, project `IGenCare: Integrated Personalised Medical Genomics Care Solution for Patients with Rare Genetic Diseases'. S.H. is supported by the Barts BRC. B.R.; is supported by the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) and by the BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research). B.G.W. is supported by the Danish Heart Foundation. M.B.S. is supported by K23HL127704. Project MinE Belgium was supported by a grant from IWT (no. 140935), the ALS Liga Belgie, the National Lottery of Belgium and the KU Leuven Opening the Future Fund. D.C. and C.L. are supported by HYPERGENES (HEALTH-F4-2007). D.R. is supported by R01 HL149826, P50 GM115305. P.J.S. acknowledges the support of Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research grant 18CVD05. P.V.D. is supported by the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative (CVON PREDICT2). C.A. is supported by NIH HL47678 and HL138103, W.W. Smith Charitable Trust and Wistar Morris Fund. M.B. is Supported by the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) and by the BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research). P.D.L. is supported by UCL/UCLH Biomedicine NIHR and Barts BRC. B.L. is supported by GOA-Antigone 33933. J.B. is supported by a Senior Clinical Fellowship of the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO). E.B. is supported by the British Heart Foundation including BHF Clinical Research Training Fellowship (FS/11/71/28918: Future diagnostic role and new genetic loci in SADS), Cardiac Risk in the Young and Robert Lancaster Memorial fund sponsored by McColl's Ltd. Retail Group. H.L.T. is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under acronym ESCAPE-NET, registered under grant agreement no. 733381, and the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON RESCUED and PREDICT2 projects). M.D. is supported by NIH-RO1 HL134328. P.T.E. was supported by the Fondation Leducq (14CVD01), the NIH (1RO1HL092577, R01HL128914, K24HL105780), the American Heart Association (18SFRN34110082) and by a research grant from Bayer AG to the Broad Institute. S.A.L. is supported by NIH grant 1R01HL139731 and American Heart Association 18SFRN34250007. J.-B.G. received a grant from the Federation Francaise de Cardiologie (PREVENT project). A.L.G. is supported by the Fondation Leducq. C.A.M.R. is supported by the Leducq Foundation and Burroughs Wellecome Fund. A.A.W. is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2 project). J.-J.S. is supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (DEQ20140329545). R.R. and P.G. are supported by the National Agency for Research (ANR-GENSUD-14-CE10-0001). C.R.B. is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (CVON PREDICT2 project), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI fellowship, 016.150.610) and Fondation Leducq (17CVD02).
Published: 2022

8. A Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Locus Maps to Chromosome 15q2

Author: Thierfelder, Ludwig, MacRae, Calum, Watkins, Hugh, Tomfohrde, James, Williams, Michele, McKenna, William, Bohm, Katarina, Noeske, Gerhard, Schlepper, Martin, Bowcock, Anne, Vosberg, Hans-Peter, Seidman, J. G., and Seidman, Christine
Published: 1993

9. Mendelian Forms of Structural Cardiovascular Disease

Author: MacRae, Calum A.
Published: 2013
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10. Familial aggregation in lone atrial fibrillation

Author: Ellinor, Patrick T., Yoerger, Danita M., Ruskin, Jeremy N., and MacRae, Calum A.
Published: 2005
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11. Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate-binding region

Author: Kelly, McKenna, Park, Meredith, Mihalek, Ivana, Rochtus, Anne, Gramm, Marie, Perez-Palma, Eduardo, Axeen, Erika Takle, Hung, Christina Y, Olson, Heather, Swanson, Lindsay, Anselm, Irina, Briere, Lauren C, High, Frances A, Sweetser, David A, Kayani, Saima, Snyder, Molly, Calvert, Sophie, Scheffer, Ingrid E, Yang, Edward, Waugh, Jeff L, Lal, Dennis, Bodamer, Olaf, Poduri, Annapurna, Adams, David R, Aday, Aaron, Alejandro, Mercedes E, Allard, Patrick, Ashley, Euan A, Azamian, Mahshid S, Bacino, Carlos A, Baker, Eva, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Barseghyan, Hayk, Batzli, Gabriel F, Beggs, Alan H, Behnam, Babak, Bellen, Hugo J, Bernstein, Jonathan A, Bican, Anna, Bick, David P, Birch, Camille L, Bonner, Devon, Boone, Braden E, Bostwick, Bret L, Brokamp, Elly, Brown, Donna M, Brush, Matthew, Burke, Elizabeth A, Burrage, Lindsay C, Butte, Manish J, Chen, Shan, Clark, Gary D, Coakley, Terra R, Cogan, Joy D, Colley, Heather A, Cooper, Cynthia M, Cope, Heidi, Craigen, William J, D'Souza, Precilla, Davids, Mariska, Davidson, Jean M, Dayal, Jyoti G, Dell'Angelica, Esteban C, Dhar, Shweta U, Dipple, Katrina M, Donnell-Fink, Laurel A, Dorrani, Naghmeh, Dorset, Daniel C, Douine, Emilie D, Draper, David D, Dries, Annika M, Eckstein, David J, Emrick, Lisa T, Eng, Christine M, Enns, Gre-Gory M, Eskin, Ascia, Esteves, Cecilia, Estwick, Tyra, Fairbrother, Laura, Fernandez, Liliana, Ferreira, Carlos, Fieg, Elizabeth L, Fisher, Paul G, Fogel, Brent L, Friedman, Noah D, Gahl, William A, Glanton, Emily, Godfrey, Rena A, Goldman, Alica M, Goldstein, David B, Gould, Sarah E, Gourdine, Jean-Philippe F, Groden, Catherine A, Gropman, Andrea L, Haendel, Melissa, Hamid, Rizwan, Hanchard, Neil A, High, Francis, Holm, Ingrid A, Horn, Jason, Howerton, Ellen M, Huang, Yong, Jamal, Fariha, Jiang, Yong-hui, Johnston, Jean M, Jones, Angela L, Karaviti, Lefkothea, Koeller, David M, Kohane, Isaac S, Kohler, Jennefer N, Konick, Susan, Koziura, Mary, Krasnewich, Donna M, Krier, Joel B, Kyle, Jennifer E, Lalani, Seema R, Lau, C Christopher, Lazar, Jozef, LeBlanc, Kimberly, Lee, Brendan H, Lee, Hane, Levy, Shawn E, Lewis, Richard A, Lincoln, Sharyn A, Loo, Sandra K, Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L, Macnamara, Ellen F, MacRae, Calum A, Maduro, Valerie V, Majch-erska, Marta M, Malicdan, May Christine, Mamounas, Laura A, Manolio, Teri A, Markello, Thomas C, Marom, Ronit, Martin, Martin G, Martinez-Agosto, Julian A, Mar-waha, Shruti, May, Thomas, McConkie-Rosell, Allyn, McCormack, Colleen E, McCray, Alexa F, Merker, Jason D, Metz, Thomas O, Might, Matthew, Moretti, Paolo M, Morimoto, Marie, Mulvihill, John J, Murdock, David R, Murphy, Jennifer L, Muzny, Donna M, Nehrebecky, Michele E, Nelson, Stan F, Newberry, J Scott, Newman, John H, Nicholas, Sarah K, Novacic, Donna, Orange, Jordan S, Orengo, James P, Pallais, J Carl, Palmer, Christina GS, Papp, Jeanette C, Parker, Neil H, Pena, Loren DM, Phillips, John A, Posey, Jennifer E, Postlethwait, John H, Potocki, Lorraine, Pusey, Barbara N, Reuter, Chloe M, Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K, Rodan, Lance H, Rosenfeld, Jill A, Sampson, Jacinda B, Samson, Susan L, Schoch, Kelly, Scott, Daryl A, Shakachite, Lisa, Sharma, Prashant, Shashi, Vandana, Signer, Rebecca, Silverman, Edwin K, Sinsheimer, Janet S, Smith, Kevin S, Spillmann, Rebecca C, Stoler, Joan M, Stong, Nicholas, Sullivan, Jennifer A, Tan, Queenie K-G, Tifft, Cynthia J, Toro, Camilo, Tran, Alyssa A, Urv, Tiina K, Vilain, Eric, Vogel, Tiphanie P, Waggott, Daryl M, Wahl, Colleen E, Walker, Melissa, Walley, Nicole M, Walsh, Chris A, Wan, Jijun, Wangler, Michael F, Ward, Patricia A, Waters, Katrina M, Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M, Westerfield, Monte, Wheeler, Matthew T, Wise, Anastasia L, Wolfe, Lynne A, Worthey, Elizabeth A, Yamamoto, Shinya, Yang, Yaping, Yoon, Amanda J, Yu, Guoyun, Zastrow, Diane B, Zhao, Chunli, and Zheng, Allison
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Movement disorders, VARIANT, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go, Neurodegenerative, PHENOTYPE, Gi-Go, Epilepsy, GNAO1, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, mosaicism, movement disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Basic Medical Sciences. Human Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Child, Genetics, Hypotonia, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Temeljne medicinske znanosti. Genetika, genomika i proteomika čovjeka, Ataxia, Adolescent, Encephalopathy, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurology, Biology, MOVEMENT-DISORDER, G-ALPHA(O), Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Neurology, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Preschool, Genetic Association Studies, Science & Technology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, Neurosciences, Genetic Variation, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Neurologija, Chorea, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, MODEL, 030104 developmental biology, Dyskinesia, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Case-Control Studies, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with GNAO1 variants and establish genotype-protein structure-phenotype relationships. METHODS: We evaluated the phenotypes of 14 patients with GNAO1 variants, analyzed their variants for potential pathogenicity, and mapped them, along with those in the literature, on a three-dimensional structural protein model. RESULTS: The 14 patients in our cohort, including one sibling pair, had 13 distinct, heterozygous GNAO1 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We attributed the same variant in two siblings to parental mosaicism. Patients initially presented with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life (8/14), developmental delay (4/14), hypotonia (1/14), or movement disorder (1/14). All patients had hypotonia and developmental delay ranging from mild to severe. Nine had epilepsy, and nine had movement disorders, including dystonia, ataxia, chorea, and dyskinesia. The 13 GNAO1 variants in our patients are predicted to result in amino acid substitutions or deletions in the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding region, analogous to those in previous publications. Patients with variants affecting amino acids 207-221 had only movement disorder and hypotonia. Patients with variants affecting the C-terminal region had the mildest phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE: GNAO1 encephalopathy most frequently presents with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life. Concurrent movement disorders are also a prominent feature in the spectrum of GNAO1 encephalopathy. All variants affected the GTP-binding domain of GNAO1, highlighting the importance of this region for G-protein signaling and neurodevelopment. ispartof: EPILEPSIA vol:60 issue:3 pages:406-418 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2019

12. Potassium channel gene mutations rarely cause atrial fibrillation

Author: Nam Edwin G, Zakharova Elena, Petrov-Kondratov Vadim I, Ellinor Patrick T, and MacRae Calum A
Subjects: Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Mutations in several potassium channel subunits have been associated with rare forms of atrial fibrillation. In order to explore the role of potassium channels in inherited typical forms of the arrhythmia, we have screened a cohort of patients from a referral clinic for mutations in the channel subunit genes implicated in the arrhythmia. We sought to determine if mutations in KCNJ2 and KCNE1-5 are a common cause of atrial fibrillation. Methods Serial patients with lone atrial fibrillation or atrial fibrillation with hypertension were enrolled between June 1, 2001 and January 6, 2005. Each patient underwent a standardized interview and physical examination. An electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and blood sample for genetic analysis were also obtained. Patients with a family history of AF were screened for mutations in KCNJ2 and KCNE1-5 using automated sequencing. Results 96 patients with familial atrial fibrillation were enrolled. Eighty-three patients had lone atrial fibrillation and 13 had atrial fibrillation and hypertension. Patients had a mean age of 56 years at enrollment and 46 years at onset of atrial fibrillation. Eighty-one percent of patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation at enrollment. Unlike patients with an activating mutation in KCNQ1, the patients had a normal QTc interval with a mean of 412 ± 42 ms. Echocardiography revealed a normal mean ejection fraction of 62.0 ± 7.2 % and mean left atrial dimension of 39.9 ± 7.0 mm. A number of common polymorphisms in KCNJ2 and KCNE1-5 were identified, but no mutations were detected. Conclusion Mutations in KCNJ2 and KCNE1-5 rarely cause typical atrial fibrillation in a referral clinic population.
Published: 2006
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13. Aging syndrome genes and premature coronary artery disease

Author: Chae Claudia U, Everett Brendan, Kathiresan Sekar, O'Donnell Christopher J, Low Adrian F, Shaw Stanley Y, Ellinor Patrick T, and MacRae Calum A
Subjects: Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Vascular disease is a feature of aging, and coronary vascular events are a major source of morbidity and mortality in rare premature aging syndromes. One such syndrome is caused by mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene, which also has been implicated in familial insulin resistance. A second gene related to premature aging in man and in murine models is the KLOTHO gene, a hypomorphic variant of which (KL-VS) is significantly more common in the first-degree relatives of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated whether common variants at the LMNA or KLOTHO genes are associated with rigorously defined premature CAD. Methods We identified 295 patients presenting with premature acute coronary syndromes confirmed by angiography. A control group of 145 patients with no evidence of CAD was recruited from outpatient referral clinics. Comprehensive haplotyping of the entire LMNA gene, including the promoter and untranslated regions, was performed using a combination of TaqMan® probes and direct sequencing of 14 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The KL-VS variant of the KLOTHO gene was typed using restriction digest of a PCR amplicon. Results Two SNPs that were not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium were excluded from analysis. We observed no significant differences in allele, genotype or haplotype frequencies at the LMNA or KLOTHO loci between the two groups. In addition, there was no evidence of excess homozygosity at the LMNA locus. Conclusion Our data do not support the hypothesis that premature CAD is associated with common variants in the progeroid syndrome genes LMNA and KLOTHO.
Published: 2005
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14. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Author: Locke, Adam E, Kahali, Bratati, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, Doney, Alex S F, He, Bing, Heikkilä, Outi, Hietala, Kustaa, Kytö, Janne, Lahermo, Päivi, Lehto, Markku, Österholm, Anne-May, Parkkonen, Maija, Pitkäniemi, Janne, Rosengård-Bärlund, Milla, Eklund, Niina, Saraheimo, Markku, Sarti, Cinzia, Söderlund, Jenny, Soro-Paavonen, Aino, Syreeni, Anna, Thorn, Lena M, Tikkanen, Heikki, Tolonen, Nina, Tryggvason, Karl, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Estrada, Karol, Wadén, Johan, Gill, Geoffrey V, Prior, Sarah, Guiducci, Candace, Mirel, Daniel B, Taylor, Andrew, Hosseini, Mohsen, Parving, Hans-Henrik, Rossing, Peter, Tarnow, Lise, Eury, Elodie, Ladenvall, Claes, Alhenc-Gelas, François, Lefebvre, Pierre, Rigalleau, Vincent, Roussel, Ronan, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Maestroni, Anna, Maestroni, Silvia, Falhammar, Henrik, Gu, Tianwei, Folkersen, Lasse, Möllsten, Anna, Cimponeriu, Dan, Mihai, Ioana, Mota, Maria, Mota, Eugen, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Stavarachi, Monica, Hanson, Robert L, Nelson, Robert G, Kretzler, Matthias, Fraser, Ross M, Colhoun, Helen M, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Gu, Harvest F, Brismar, Kerstin, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Hadjadj, Samy, Marre, Michel, Groop, Leif, Lajer, Maria, Bull, Shelley B, Garcia, Melissa E, Waggott, Daryl, Paterson, Andrew D, Savage, David A, Bain, Stephen C, Martin, Finian, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Godson, Catherine, Florez, Jose C, Groop, Per-Henrik, Maxwell, Alexander P, Geller, Frank, Willer, Cristen J, Schmidt, Ellen M, Sengupta, Sebanti, Peloso, Gina M, Gustafsson, Stefan, Kanoni, Stavroula, Ganna, Andrea, Chen, Jin, Buchkovich, Martin L, Mora, Samia, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Beckmann, Jacques S, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, Chang, Hsing-Y, Demirkan, Ayşe, Den Hertog, Heleen M, Do, Ron, Donnelly, Louise A, Ehret, Georg B, Esko, Tõnu, Feitosa, Mary F, Gigante, Bruna, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Fontanillas, Pierre, Freitag, Daniel F, Gurdasani, Deepti, Heikkilä, Kauko, Hyppönen, Elina, Isaacs, Aaron, Jackson, Anne U, Esko, Tonu, Go, Alan S, Johansson, Åsa, Johnson, Toby, Kaakinen, Marika, Kettunen, Johannes, Kleber, Marcus E, Li, Xiaohui, Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mangino, Massimo, Golay, Alain, Mihailov, Evelin, Montasser, May E, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nolte, Ilja M, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Palmer, Cameron D, Perola, Markus, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Goodall, Alison H, Service, Susan K, Shah, Sonia, Shungin, Dmitry, Sidore, Carlo, Song, Ci, Strawbridge, Rona J, Surakka, Ida, Tanaka, Toshiko, Teslovich, Tanya M, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Gordon, Scott D, Van den Herik, Evita G, Voight, Benjamin F, Volcik, Kelly A, Waite, Lindsay L, Wong, Andrew, Wu, Ying, Zhang, Weihua, Absher, Devin, Asiki, Gershim, Barroso, Inês, Gorski, Mathias, Been, Latonya F, Bolton, Jennifer L, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Brambilla, Paolo, Burnett, Mary S, Cesana, Giancarlo, Dimitriou, Maria, Doring, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Epstein, Stephen E, Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi, 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EN., Warrington, NM., Alavere, H., Barroso, I., Berenson, GS., Blackburn, H., Busonero, F., Chen, W., Couper, D., Easton, DF., Eriksson, J., Foroud, T., Geller, F., Hernandez, DG., Kilpeläinen, TO., Li, S., Melbye, M., Murray, JC., Murray, SS., Nelis, M., Ness, AR., Northstone, K., Peacock, M., Pennell, CE., Pharoah, P., Rafnar, T., Rice, JP., Ring, SM., Schork, NJ., Segrè, AV., Sovio, U., Srinivasan, SR., Tammesoo, ML., Tyrer, J., van Meurs JB., Weedon, MN., Wichmann, H., Young, L., Bierut, LJ., Boyd, HA., Econs, MJ., Van T'Hooft, Ferdinand M., Njølstad, Inger, Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Barroso, Inɥ, The MIGEN Consortium, Investigator, Casari, GIORGIO NEVIO, Other departments, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Landsteiner Laboratory, Clinical Haematology, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Life 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Mangino, M, Leach, I, Medina-Gomez, C, Medland, S, Nalls, M, Palmer, C, Pasko, D, Pechlivanis, S, Peters, M, Prokopenko, I, Shungin, D, Stancakova, A, Strawbridge, R, Sung, Y, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Trompet, S, van der Laan, S, van Setten, J, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J, Wang, Z, Yengo, L, Zhang, W, Isaacs, A, Albrecht, E, Arnlov, J, Arscott, G, Attwood, A, Bandinelli, S, Barrett, A, Bas, I, Bellis, C, Bennett, A, Berne, C, Blagieva, R, Bluher, M, Bohringer, S, Bonnycastle, L, Bottcher, Y, Boyd, H, Bruinenberg, M, Caspersen, I, Chen, Y, Clarke, R, Daw, E, de Craen, A, Delgado, G, Dimitriou, M, Doney, A, Eklund, N, Estrada, K, Eury, E, Folkersen, L, Fraser, R, Garcia, M, Geller, F, Giedraitis, V, Gigante, B, Go, A, Golay, A, Goodall, A, Gordon, S, Gorski, M, Grabe, H, Grallert, H, Grammer, T, Grassler, J, Gronberg, H, Groves, C, Gusto, G, Haessler, J, Hall, P, Haller, T, Hallmans, G, Hartman, C, Hassinen, M, Hayward, C, Heard-Costa, N, Helmer, Q, Hengstenberg, C, Holmen, O, Hottenga, J, James, A, Jeff, J, Johansson, A, Jolley, J, Juliusdottir, T, Kinnunen, L, Koenig, W, Koskenvuo, M, Kratzer, W, Laitinen, J, Lamina, C, Leander, K, Lee, N, Lichtner, P, Lind, L, Lindstrom, J, Lo, K, Lobbens, S, Lorbeer, R, Lu, Y, Mach, F, Magnusson, P, Mahajan, A, Mcardle, W, Mclachlan, S, Menni, C, Merger, S, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Moayyeri, A, Monda, K, Morken, M, Mulas, A, Muller, G, Muller-Nurasyid, M, Musk, A, Nagaraja, R, Nothen, M, Nolte, I, Pilz, S, Rayner, N, Renstrom, F, Rettig, R, Ried, J, Ripke, S, Robertson, N, Rose, L, Sanna, S, Scharnagl, H, Scholtens, S, Schumacher, F, Scott, W, Seufferlein, T, Shi, J, Smith, A, Smolonska, J, Stanton, A, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stirrups, K, Stringham, H, Sundstrom, J, Swertz, M, Swift, A, Syvanen, A, Tan, S, Tayo, B, Thorand, B, Thorleifsson, G, Tyrer, J, Uh, H, Vandenput, L, Verhulst, F, Vermeulen, S, Verweij, N, Vonk, J, Waite, L, Warren, H, Waterworth, D, Weedon, M, Wilkens, L, Willenborg, C, Wilsgaard, T, Wojczynski, M, Wong, A, Wright, A, Zhang, Q, Brennan, E, Choi, M, Dastani, Z, Drong, A, Eriksson, P, Franco-Cereceda, A, Gadin, J, Gharavi, A, Goddard, M, Handsaker, R, Huang, J, Karpe, F, Kathiresan, S, Keildson, S, Kiryluk, K, Kubo, M, Lee, J, Liang, L, Lifton, R, Ma, B, Mccarroll, S, Mcknight, A, Min, J, Moffatt, M, Montgomery, G, Murabito, J, Nicholson, G, Nyholt, D, Okada, Y, Perry, J, Dorajoo, R, Reinmaa, E, Salem, R, Sandholm, N, Scott, R, Stolk, L, Takahashi, A, Van't Hooft, F, Vinkhuyzen, A, Westra, H, Zheng, W, Zondervan, K, Heath, A, Arveiler, D, Bakker, S, Beilby, J, Bergman, R, Blangero, J, Bovet, P, Campbell, H, Caulfield, M, Cesana, G, Chakravarti, A, Chasman, D, Chines, P, Collins, F, Crawford, D, Cupples, L, Cusi, D, Danesh, J, de Faire, U, Den Ruijter, H, Dominiczak, A, Erbel, R, Erdmann, J, Eriksson, J, Farrall, M, Felix, S, Ferrannini, E, Ferrieres, J, Ford, I, Forouhi, N, Forrester, T, Franco, O, Gansevoort, R, Gejman, P, Gieger, C, Gottesman, O, Gudnason, V, Gyllensten, U, Hall, A, Harris, T, Hattersley, A, Hicks, A, Hindorff, L, Hingorani, A, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Hovingh, G, Humphries, S, Hunt, S, Hypponen, E, Illig, T, Jacobs, K, Jarvelin, M, Jockel, K, Johansen, B, Jousilahti, P, Jukema, J, Jula, A, Kaprio, J, Kastelein, J, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kiemeney, L, Knekt, P, Kooner, J, Kooperberg, C, Kovacs, P, Kraja, A, Kumari, M, Kuusisto, J, Lakka, T, Langenberg, C, Marchand, L, Lehtimaki, T, Lyssenko, V, Mannisto, S, Marette, A, Matise, T, Mckenzie, C, Mcknight, B, Moll, F, Morris, A, Murray, J, Nelis, M, Ohlsson, C, Oldehinkel, A, Ong, K, Madden, P, Pasterkamp, G, Peden, J, Peters, A, Postma, D, Pramstaller, P, Price, J, Qi, L, Raitakari, O, Rankinen, T, Rao, D, Rice, T, Ridker, P, Rioux, J, Ritchie, M, Rudan, I, Salomaa, V, Samani, N, Saramies, J, Sarzynski, M, Schunkert, H, Schwarz, P, Sever, P, Shuldiner, A, Sinisalo, J, Stolk, R, Strauch, K, Tonjes, A, Tregouet, D, Tremblay, A, Tremoli, E, Virtamo, J, Vohl, M, Volker, U, Waeber, G, Willemsen, G, 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Mccarthy, M, Visscher, P, Scherag, A, Willer, C, Boehnke, M, Mohlke, K, Lindgren, C, Beckmann, J, Barroso, I, North, K, Ingelsson, E, Hirschhorn, J, Loos, R, Speliotes, E, Thompson, J, Goldstein, B, Konig, I, Cazier, J, Grundberg, E, Havulinna, A, Ho, W, Hopewell, J, Eriksson, N, Lundmark, P, Lyytikainen, L, Rafelt, S, Tikkanen, E, Van Zuydam, N, Voight, B, Ziegler, A, Altshuler, D, Balmforth, A, Braund, P, Burgdorf, C, Claudi-Boehm, S, Cox, D, Do, R, El Mokhtari, N, Fontanillas, P, Hager, J, Han, B, Kang, H, Kessler, T, Knowles, J, Kolovou, G, Langford, C, Lokki, M, Lundmark, A, Meisinger, C, Melander, O, Maouche, S, Nikus, K, Rasheed, A, Rosinger, S, Rubin, D, Rumpf, M, Schafer, A, Sivananthan, M, Song, C, Stewart, A, Thorgeirsson, G, van der Schoot, C, Wagner, P, Wells, G, Wild, P, Tsun-Po, Y, Basart, H, Brambilla, P, Cambien, F, Cupples, A, Dehghan, A, Diemert, P, Epstein, S, Evans, A, Ferrario, M, Gauguier, D, Hazen, S, Holm, H, Iribarren, C, Jang, Y, Kahonen, M, Kee, F, Kim, H, 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Kroemer, H, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Volzke, H, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, J, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Viikari, J, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Kramer, B, Portas, L, Buckley, B, Adam, M, Thun, G, Paulweber, B, Haun, M, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, S, Vollenweider, P, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Probst-Hensch, N, Kronenberg, F, Toniolo, D, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Siscovick, D, Kardia, S, Curhan, G, Franke, A, Parsa, A, Goessling, W, Kao, W, de Boer, I, Peralta, C, Akylbekova, E, Kramer, H, Arking, D, Franceschini, N, Egan, J, Hernandez, D, Townsend, R, Lumley, T, Psaty, B, Kestenbaum, B, Haritunians, T, Mooser, V, Florez, J, Meigs, J, Lu, X, Leak, T, Aasarod, K, Skorpen, F, Baumert, J, Devuyst, O, Mychaleckyj, J, Kedenko, L, Coassin, S, Hallan, S, Navis, G, Shlipak, M, Bull, S, Paterson, A, Rotter, J, Dreisbach, A, Anderson, C, Guo, Q, Henders, A, Lambert, A, Lee, S, Kraft, P, Kennedy, S, Macgregor, S, Missmer, S, Painter, J, Roseman, F, Treloar, S, Wallace, L, Forsblom, C, Isakova, T, Mckay, G, Williams, W, Sadlier, D, Makinen, V, Swan, E, Boright, A, Ahlqvist, E, Keller, B, Huang, H, Ahola, A, Fagerholm, E, Gordin, D, Harjutsalo, V, He, B, Heikkila, O, Hietala, K, Kyto, J, Lahermo, P, Lehto, M, Osterholm, A, Parkkonen, M, Pitkaniemi, J, Rosengard-Barlund, M, Saraheimo, M, Sarti, C, Soderlund, J, Soro-Paavonen, A, Syreeni, A, Thorn, L, Tikkanen, H, Tolonen, N, Tryggvason, K, Waden, J, Gill, G, Prior, S, Guiducci, C, Mirel, D, Taylor, A, Hosseini, M, Parving, H, Rossing, P, Tarnow, L, Ladenvall, C, Alhenc-Gelas, F, Lefebvre, P, Rigalleau, V, Roussel, R, Maestroni, A, Maestroni, S, Falhammar, H, Gu, T, Mollsten, A, Cimponeriu, D, Mihai, I, Mota, M, Mota, E, Serafinceanu, C, Stavarachi, M, Hanson, R, Nelson, R, Kretzler, M, Panduru, N, Gu, H, Brismar, K, Zerbini, G, Hadjadj, S, Marre, M, Lajer, M, Waggott, D, Savage, D, Bain, S, Martin, F, Godson, C, Groop, P, Maxwell, A, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Ganna, A, Mora, S, Chang, H, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Heikkila, K, Johnson, T, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Li, X, Montasser, M, Petersen, A, Saxena, R, Service, S, Sidore, C, Surakka, I, Teslovich, T, Van den Herik, E, Volcik, K, Wu, Y, Asiki, G, Been, L, Burnett, M, Elliott, P, Eyjolfsson, G, Goodarzi, M, Gravito, M, Hartikainen, A, Hung, Y, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Khaw, K, Kim, E, Komulainen, P, Lin, S, Narisu, N, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Ruokonen, A, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Tiret, L, van Pelt, L, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Young, E, Bennett, F, Boomsma, D, Burnier, M, Feranil, A, Freimer, N, Hsiung, C, Kesaniemi, A, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kyvik, K, Meneton, P, Moilanen, L, Sanghera, D, Sheu, W, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Rich, S, Johnson, L, Larson, M, Levy, D, Newton-Cheh, C, O'Reilly, P, Palmas, W, Rice, K, Snider, H, Tobin, M, Verwoert, G, Pihur, V, Heath, S, Sober, S, Arora, P, Zhang, F, Lucas, G, Milaneschi, Y, Parker, A, Fava, C, Fox, E, Go, M, Sjogren, M, Vinay, D, Alexander, M, Tabara, Y, Shaw-Hawkins, S, Whincup, P, Shi, G, Seielstad, M, Sim, X, Nguyen, K, Matullo, G, Gaunt, T, Onland-Moret, N, Cooper, M, Platou, C, Org, E, Hardy, R, Dahgam, S, Palmen, J, Kuznetsova, T, Uiterwaal, C, Adeyemo, A, Ludwig, B, Tomaszewski, M, Tzoulaki, I, Palmer, N, Chang, Y, Steinle, N, Grobbee, D, Morrison, A, Najjar, S, Hadley, D, Brown, M, Connell, J, Day, I, Lawlor, D, Lawrence, R, Ongen, H, Li, Y, Young, J, Bis, J, Chaturvedi, N, Islam, M, Jafar, T, Kulkarni, S, Howard, P, Guarrera, S, Ricceri, F, Emilsson, V, Plump, A, Weder, A, Sun, Y, Scott, L, Peltonen, L, Vartiainen, E, Brand, S, Staessen, J, Wang, T, Burton, P, Artigas, M, Dong, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, H, Rudock, M, Heckbert, S, Smith, N, Wiggins, K, Doumatey, A, Shriner, D, Veldre, G, Viigimaa, M, Kinra, S, Prabhakaran, D, Tripathy, V, Langefeld, C, Rosengren, A, Thelle, D, Corsi, A, Singleton, A, Hilton, G, Salako, T, Iwai, N, Kita, Y, Ogihara, T, Ohkubo, T, Okamura, T, Ueshima, H, Umemura, S, Eyheramendy, S, Meitinger, T, Cho, Y, Scott, J, Sehmi, J, Hedblad, B, Nilsson, P, Smith, G, Raffel, L, Yao, J, Schwartz, S, Ikram, M, W, L, Mosley, T, Seshadri, S, Shrine, N, Wain, L, Zitting, P, Cooper, J, van Gilst, W, Janipalli, C, Mani, K, Yajnik, C, Mattace-Raso, F, Lakatta, E, Orru, M, Scuteri, A, Ala-Korpela, M, Kangas, A, Soininen, P, Tukiainen, T, Wurtz, P, Ong, R, Dorr, M, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Lathrop, M, Zelenika, D, Zhai, G, Meschia, J, Sharma, P, Terzic, J, Kumar, M, Denniff, M, Zukowska-Szczechowska, E, Wagenknecht, L, Fowkes, F, Charchar, F, Guo, X, Rotimi, C, Bots, M, Brand, E, Talmud, P, Nyberg, F, Laan, M, Palmer, L, van der Schouw, Y, Casas, J, Vineis, P, Ganesh, S, Wong, T, Tai, E, Morris, R, Marmot, M, Miki, T, Chandak, G, Zhu, X, Elosua, R, Soranzo, N, Sijbrands, E, Uda, M, Vasan, R, Alizadeh, B, de Boer, R, Boezen, H, Hillege, H, van der Klauw, M, Ormel, J, Rosmalen, J, Slaets, J, Lagou, V, Welch, R, Wheeler, E, Rehnberg, E, Rasmussen-Torvik, L, Lecoeur, C, Johnson, P, Sennblad, B, Salo, P, Timpson, N, Evans, D, St Pourcain, B, Bielak, L, Horikoshi, M, Navarro, P, Raychaudhuri, S, Chen, H, Rybin, D, Willems, S, Song, K, An, P, Marullo, L, Jansen, H, Pankow, J, Edkins, S, Varga, T, Oksa, H, Antonella, M, Kong, A, Herder, C, Antti, J, Small, K, Miljkovic, I, Atalay, M, Kiess, W, Smit, J, Campbell, S, Fowkes, G, Rathmann, W, Maerz, W, Watanabe, R, de Geus, E, Penninx, B, Toenjes, A, Peyser, P, Korner, A, Dupuis, J, Cucca, F, Balkau, B, Bouatia-Naji, N, Purcell, S, Musunuru, K, Ardissino, D, Mannucci, P, Anand, S, Engert, J, Morgan, T, Spertus, J, Stoll, M, Girelli, D, Mckeown, P, Patterson, C, Merlini, P, Berzuini, C, Bernardinelli, L, Peyvandi, F, Tubaro, M, Celli, P, Fetiveau, R, Marziliano, N, Casari, G, Galli, M, Ribichini, F, Rossi, M, Bernardi, F, Zonzin, P, Piazza, A, Yee, J, Friedlander, Y, Marrugat, J, Subirana, I, Sala, J, Ramos, R, Williams, G, Nathan, D, Macrae, C, Berglund, G, Asselta, R, Duga, S, Spreafico, M, Daly, M, Nemesh, J, Korn, J, Surti, A, Gianniny, L, Parkin, M, Burtt, N, Gabriel, S, Wright, B, Ball, S, Schunkert, I, Linsel-Nitschke, P, Lieb, W, Fischer, M, Grosshennig, A, Preuss, M, Scholz, M, Chen, Z, Wilensky, R, Matthai, W, Qasim, A, Hakonarson, H, Devaney, J, Pichard, A, Kent, K, Satler, L, Lindsay, J, Waksman, R, Knouff, C, Scheffold, T, Berger, K, Huge, A, Martinelli, N, Olivieri, O, Corrocher, R, Xie, C, Ahmadi, K, Ainali, C, Bataille, V, Bell, J, Buil, A, Dermitzakis, E, Dimas, A, Durbin, R, Glass, D, Hassanali, N, Ingle, C, Knowles, D, Krestyaninova, M, Lowe, C, Meduri, E, Di Meglio, P, Montgomery, S, Nestle, F, Nica, A, Nisbet, J, O'Rahilly, S, Parts, L, Potter, S, Sekowska, M, Shin, S, Surdulescu, G, Travers, M, Tsaprouni, L, Tsoka, S, Wilk, A, Yang, T, Higashio, J, Williams, R, Nato, A, Ambite, J, Deelman, E, Manolio, T, Heiss, G, Taylor, K, Avery, C, Graff, M, Lin, D, Quibrera, M, Cochran, B, Kao, L, Umans, J, Cole, S, Maccluer, J, Person, S, Gross, M, Fornage, M, Durda, P, Jenny, N, Patsy, B, Arnold, A, Buzkova, P, Haines, J, Murdock, D, Glenn, K, Brown-Gentry, K, Thornton-Wells, T, Dumitrescu, L, Bush, W, Mitchell, S, Goodloe, R, Wilson, S, Boston, J, Malinowski, J, Restrepo, N, Oetjens, M, Fowke, J, Spencer, K, Pendergrass, S, Le Marchand, L, Park, L, Tiirikainen, M, Kolonel, L, Cheng, I, Wang, H, Shohet, R, Stram, D, Henderson, B, Monroe, K, Anderson, G, Carlson, C, Prentice, R, Lacroix, A, Wu, C, Carty, C, Rosse, S, Young, A, Kocarnik, J, Lin, Y, Jackson, R, Duggan, D, Kuller, L, He, C, Sulem, P, Barbalic, M, Broer, L, Byrne, E, Gudbjartsson, D, Mcardle, P, Porcu, E, van Wingerden, S, Zhuang, W, Lauc, L, Broekmans, F, Burri, A, Chen, C, Corre, T, Coviello, A, D'Adamo, P, Davies, G, Deary, I, Ebrahim, S, Fauser, B, Ferreli, L, Folsom, A, Hankinson, S, Hass, M, Janssens, A, Karasik, D, Keyzer, J, Kiel, D, Lahti, J, Lai, S, Laisk, T, Laven, J, Liu, J, Lopez, L, Louwers, Y, Marongiu, M, Klaric, I, Masciullo, C, Melzer, D, Newman, A, Pare, G, Peeters, P, Pop, V, Raikkonen, K, Salumets, A, Stacey, S, Starr, J, Stathopoulou, M, Styrkarsdottir, U, Tenesa, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tsui, K, van Dam, R, van Gils, C, van Nierop, P, Vink, J, Voorhuis, M, Widen, E, Wijnands-Van Gent, C, Yerges-Armstrong, L, Zgaga, L, Zygmunt, M, Buring, J, Crisponi, L, Demerath, E, Streeten, E, Murray, A, Visser, J, Lunetta, K, Elks, C, Cousminer, D, Koller, D, Lin, P, Smith, E, Warrington, N, Alavere, H, Berenson, G, Blackburn, H, Busonero, F, Chen, W, Couper, D, Easton, D, Foroud, T, Kilpelainen, T, Li, S, Murray, S, Ness, A, Northstone, K, Peacock, M, Pennell, C, Pharoah, P, Rafnar, T, Rice, J, Ring, S, Schork, N, Segre, A, Sovio, U, Srinivasan, S, Tammesoo, M, van Meurs, J, Young, L, Bierut, L, Econs, M, The ADIPOGen Consortium, The AGEN-BMI Working Group, The CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, The CKDGen Consortium, The GLGC, The ICBP, The MAGIC Investigators, The MuTHER Consortium, The MIGen Consortium, The PAGE Consortium, The ReproGen Consortium, The GENIE Consortium, The International Endogene Consortium, Berndt, Sonja I, Justice, Anne E, Hyppönen, Elina Tuulikki, Epidemiology and Data Science, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
Subjects: Male, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, Continental Population Groups/genetics, VARIANTS, Body Mass Index, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, Age Factor, Adiposity, ddc:616, Adipogenesis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Synapse, 3. Good health, Continental Population Group, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATIONPROVIDES INSIGHTSGLYCEMIC TRAITSLOCIMETAANALYSISVARIANTSINDIVIDUALSHIPPOCAMPALARCHITECTURETOPIRAMATE, ddc:500, Adipogenesis/genetics, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Age Factors, Continental Population Groups, Energy Metabolism, Europe, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glutamic Acid, Humans, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Synapses, Genome-Wide Association Study, Multidisciplinary, genetics [Adiposity], Human, Socio-culturale, genetics [Energy Metabolism], ta3111, genetic, body mass index, obesity, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, GLYCEMIC TRAITS, genetics [Continental Population Groups], Genetic variability, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, genetics [Adipogenesis], METAANALYSIS, Genetic association, Adipogenesi, genetics [Quantitative Trait Loci], ta1184, metabolism [Glutamic Acid], ta1182, PATHWAYS, metabolism [Synapses], ta3121, medicine.disease, metabolism [Insulin], Adiposity/genetics, Clinical Medicine, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, Body mass index, HUMAN HEIGHT, BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, Synapses/metabolism, Medizin, Obesity/genetics, Bioinformatics, genetic basis, Obesity/metabolism, genetics [Obesity], body mass index (BMI), genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], ethnology [Europe], 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, ARCHITECTURE, Genetics of obesity, Medicine (all), Single Nucleotide, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Insulin/metabolism/secretion, Glutamic Acid/metabolism, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], EXPRESSION, Insulin/metabolism, PROVIDES INSIGHTS, genetics [Racial Groups], Biology, Obesity/genetics/metabolism, Europe/ethnology, metabolism [Obesity], Mendelian randomization, medicine, Energy Metabolism/genetics, body mass, genetic analysis, obesity, Klinisk medicin
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for approximately 2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
Published: 2015

15. Closing the 'phenotype gap' in precision medicine: improving what we measure to understand complex disease mechanisms.

Author: MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine, *ANIMAL disease models, *LOW vision, *PHENOTYPES, *GENETICS, *GENETIC translation, *BIOLOGY, *VISION
Abstract: The central concept underlying precision medicine is a mechanistic understanding of each disease and its response to therapy sufficient to direct a specific intervention. To execute on this vision requires parsing incompletely defined disease syndromes into discrete mechanistic subsets and developing interventions to precisely address each of these etiologically distinct entities. This will require substantial adjustment of traditional paradigms which have tended to aggregate high-level phenotypes with very different etiologies. In the current environment, where diagnoses are not mechanistic, drug development has become so expensive that it is now impractical to imagine the cost-effective creation of new interventions for many prevalent chronic conditions. The vision of precision medicine also argues for a much more seamless integration of research and development with clinical care, where shared taxonomies will enable every clinical interaction to inform our collective understanding of disease mechanisms and drug responses. Ideally, this would be executed in ways that drive real-time and real-world discovery, innovation, translation, and implementation. Only in oncology, where at least some of the biology is accessible through surgical excision of the diseased tissue or liquid biopsy, has "co-clinical" modeling proven feasible. In most common germline disorders, while genetics often reveal the causal mutations, there still remain substantial barriers to efficient disease modeling. Aggregation of similar disorders under single diagnostic labels has directly contributed to the paucity of etiologic and mechanistic understanding by directly reducing the resolution of any subsequent studies. Existing clinical phenotypes are typically anatomic, physiologic, or histologic, and result in a substantial mismatch in information content between the phenomes in humans or in animal 'models' and the variation in the genome. This lack of one-to-one mapping of discrete mechanisms between disease and animal models causes a failure of translation and is one form of 'phenotype gap.' In this review, we will focus on the origins of the phenotyping deficit and approaches that may be considered to bridge the gap, creating shared taxonomies between human diseases and relevant models, using cardiovascular examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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16. Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants

Author: Myocardial Infarction Genetics, The complete list, Sekar, Kathiresan, Voight, Benjamin F., Shaun, Purcell, Kiran, Musunuru, Diego, Ardissino, Mannucci, Pier M., Sonia, Anand, Engert, James C., Samani, Nilesh J., Heribert, Schunkert, Jeanette, Erdmann, Reilly, Muredach P., Rader, Daniel J., Thomas, Morgan, Spertus, John A., Monika, Stoll, Girelli, Domenico, Mckeown, Pascal P., Patterson, Chris C., Siscovick, David S., O'Donnell, Christopher J., Roberto, Elosua, Leena, Peltonen, Veikko, Salomaa, Schwartz, Stephen M., Olle, Melander, David, Altshuler, Thrombosis Italian Atherosclerosis, Vascular Biology Study, Pier Angelica Merlini, Carlo, Berzuini, Luisa, Bernardinelli, Flora, Peyvandi, Marco, Tubaro, Patrizia, Celli, Maurizio, Ferrario, Raffaela, Fetiveau, Nicola, Marziliano, Giorgio, Casari, Michele, Galli, Ribichini, Flavio Luciano, Marco, Rossi, Francesco, Bernardi, Pietro, Zonzin, Alberto, Piazza, Heart Attack Risk, Jean, Yee, Yechiel, Friedlander, Registre Gironi del, Jaume, Marrugat, Gavin, Lucas, Isaac, Subirana, Joan, Sala, Rafael, Ramos, Massachusetts General Hospital, Meigs, James B., Gordon, Williams, Nathan, David M., Macrae, Calum A., F. I. N., Havulinna, Aki S., Malmo, Diet, Cancer, Study, Goran, Berglund, Stage, 1 data, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Rosanna, Asselta, Stefano, Duga, Marta, Spreafico, Daly, Mark J., Copy number variant, James, Nemesh, Korn, Joshua M., Mccarroll, Steven A., Stage, 1 phenotype, Stage, 1 genome wide, Aarti, Surti, Candace, Guiducci, Lauren, Gianniny, Daniel, Mirel, Melissa, Parkin, Noel, Burtt, Gabriel, Stacey B., Replication, Studies, Thompson, John R., Braund, Peter S., Wright, Benjamin J., Balmforth, Anthony J., Ball, Stephen G., Hall, Alistair S., Wellcome Trust Case, German MI Family, Patrick Linsel Nitschke, Wolfgang, Lieb, Andreas, Ziegler, König, Inke R., Christian, Hengstenberg, Marcus, Fischer, Klaus, Stark, Anika, Grosshennig, Michael, Preuss, Erich Wichmann, H., Stefan, Schreiber, Cardiogenics, Willem, Ouwehand, Panos, Deloukas, Michael, Scholz, Francois, Cambien, C. a. r. d. i. o. g. e. n. i. c. s., P. e. n. n. C. A. T., Mingyao, Li, Zhen, Chen, Robert, Wilensky, William, Matthai, Atif, Qasim, Hakonarson, Hakon H., Joe, Devaney, Mary Susan Burnett, Pichard, Augusto D., Kent, Kenneth M., Lowell, Satler, Lindsay, Joseph M., Ron, Waksman, Epstein, Stephen E., Acute Myocardial Infarction, Thomas, Scheffold, Klaus, Berger, Andreas, Huge, Verona Heart Study, Domenico, Girelli, Martinelli, Nicola, Olivieri, Oliviero, Corrocher, Roberto, Mid America Heart Institute, Irish Family Study, d. e. C. O. D., Hilma, Hólm, Gudmar, Thorleifsson, Unnur, Thorsteinsdottir, Kari, Stefansson, I. N. T., Ron, Do, Changchun, Xie, Gen, M. I., David, Siscovick, Kathiresan, S, Altschuler, D, Anand, S, Ardissino, D, Asselta, R, Ball, Sg, Balmforth, Aj, Berger, K, Berglund, G, Bernardi, F, Bernardinelli, L, Berzuini, C, Braund, P, Burnett, M, Burtt, N, Cambien, F, Casari, GIORGIO NEVIO, Celli, P, Chen, Z, Corrocher, R, Daly, Mj, Deloukas, P, Devaney, J, Do, R, Duga, S, Elosua, R, Engert, Jc, Epstein, Se, Erdmann, J, Ferrario, M, Fetiveau, R, Fischer, M, Friedlander, Y, Gabriel, Sb, Galli, M, Gianniny, L, Girelli, D, Grosshennig, A, Guiducci, C, Hakonarson, Hh, Hall, A, Havulinna, A, Hengstenberg, C, Hirschhorn, Jn, Holm, H, Huge, A, Kent, Km, Konig, Ir, Korn, Jm, Li, M, Lieb, W, Lindsay, Jm, Linsel Nitschke, P, Lucas, G, Macrae, Ca, Mannucci, Pm, Marrugat, J, Martinelli, N, Marziliano, N, Matthai, W, Mccarroll, Sa, Mckeown, Pp, Meigs, Jb, Melander, O, Merlini, Pa, Mirel, D, Morgan, T, Musunuru, K, Nathan, Dm, Nemesh, J, O'Donnell, Cj, Olivieri, O, Ouwehand, W, Parkin, M, Patterson, Cc, Peltonen, L, Peyvandi, F, Piazza, A, Pichard, Ad, Preuss, M, Purcell, S, Qasim, A, Rader, Dj, Ramos, R, Reilly, Mp, Ribichini, F, Rossi, M, Sala, J, Salomaa, V, Samani, Nj, Satler, L, Scheffold, T, Scholz, M, Schreiber, S, Schunkert, H, Schwartz, Sm, Siscovick, D, Spertus, Ja, Spreafico, M, Stark, K, Stefansson, K, Stoll, M, Subirana, I, Surti, A, Thompson, Jr, Thorleifsson, G, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Tubaro, M, Voight, Bf, Waksman, R, Wichmann, He, Wilensky, R, Williams, G, Wright, Bj, Xie, C, Yee, J, Ziegler, A, and Zonzin, P.
Subjects: Adult, Male, copy number variants (CNVs), Gene Dosage, Myocardial Infarction, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, Bioinformatics, association study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, myocardial infarction with single, Gene Frequency, Risk Factors, Genetics cardiovascular diseases, genome-wide association, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), association with early-onset myocardial infarction, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Copy-number variation, Age of Onset, Gene, Allele frequency, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, myocardial infarction, SNPs, Genome-wide association, nucleotide polymorphisms, Middle Aged, Genetic epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Female, Age of onset, Algorithms, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: We conducted a genome-wide association study testing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) for association with early-onset myocardial infarction in 2,967 cases and 3,075 controls. We carried out replication in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 19,492. SNPs at nine loci reached genome-wide significance: three are newly identified (21q22 near MRPS6-SLC5A3-KCNE2, 6p24 in PHACTR1 and 2q33 in WDR12) and six replicated prior observations1, 2, 3, 4 (9p21, 1p13 near CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1, 10q11 near CXCL12, 1q41 in MIA3, 19p13 near LDLR and 1p32 near PCSK9). We tested 554 common copy number polymorphisms (>1% allele frequency) and none met the pre-specified threshold for replication (P < 10-3). We identified 8,065 rare CNVs but did not detect a greater CNV burden in cases compared to controls, in genes compared to the genome as a whole, or at any individual locus. SNPs at nine loci were reproducibly associated with myocardial infarction, but tests of common and rare CNVs failed to identify additional associations with myocardial infarction risk.
Published: 2009

17. The Future of Genetics and Genomics: Closing the Phenotype Gap in Precision Medicine.

Author: MacRae, Calum A. and Vasan, Ramachandran S.
Subjects: *CARDIOVASCULAR system abnormalities, *CARDIOVASCULAR system physiology, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, *MEDICAL genetics, *MEDICAL genomics, *MEDICAL care, *GENETICS, *GENE therapy, *CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis, *CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment, *ANIMAL experimentation, *CARDIOLOGY, *DIFFUSION of innovations, *DISEASE susceptibility, *FORECASTING, *MEDICAL research, *MOLECULAR diagnosis, *PROGNOSIS, *RESEARCH funding, *RISK assessment, *PHENOTYPES, *GENOMICS, *PREDICTIVE tests
Abstract: The article projects the future of cardiovascular genomics and genetics in the U.S. Topics discussed include an overview of cardiovascular genetics, the gap of phenotype in precision medicine, the impact of cardiovascular genomics and genetics on health, and the genetic architecture of cardiovascular system.
Published: 2016
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18. The Future of Cardiovascular Therapeutics.

Author: MacRae, Calum A., Roden, Dan M., and Loscalzo, Joseph
Subjects: *CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment, *CARDIOVASCULAR system abnormalities, *CARDIOVASCULAR agents, *CARDIOVASCULAR system physiology, *THERAPEUTICS, *MEDICAL care
Abstract: The article projects the future of cardiovascular treatment options in the U.S. Topics discussed include the concepts of cardiovascular disease and their association with therapy, the target population of cardiovascular community, various drug discovery approaches and their driving factors, and the emergence of different classes of therapeutics.
Published: 2016
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19. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy mutations alter shear response without changes in cell–cell adhesion.

Author: Hariharan, Venkatesh, Asimaki, Angeliki, Michaelson, Jarett E., Plovie, Eva, MacRae, Calum A., Saffitz, Jeffrey E., and Huang, Hayden
Subjects: ARRHYTHMIA diagnosis, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, HEART disease genetics, CELL adhesion inhibition, CELLULAR control mechanisms, GENETICS
Abstract: Aims The majority of patients diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins, raising the possibility that abnormal intercellular adhesion plays an important role in disease pathogenesis. We characterize cell mechanical properties and molecular responses to oscillatory shear stress in cardiac myocytes expressing mutant forms of the desmosomal proteins, plakoglobin and plakophilin, which are linked to ARVC in patients. Methods and results Cells expressing mutant plakoglobin or plakophilin showed no differences in cell–cell adhesion relative to controls, while knocking down these proteins weakened cell–cell adhesion. However, cells expressing mutant plakoglobin failed to increase the amount of immunoreactive signal for plakoglobin or N-cadherin at cell–cell junctions in response to shear stress, as seen in control cells. Cells expressing mutant plakophilin exhibited a similar attenuation in the shear-induced increase in junctional plakoglobin immunoreactive signal in response to shear stress, suggesting that the phenotype is independent of the type of mutant protein being expressed. Cells expressing mutant plakoglobin also showed greater myocyte apoptosis compared with controls. Apoptosis rates increased greatly in response to shear stress in cells expressing mutant plakoglobin, but not in controls. Abnormal responses to shear stress in cells expressing either mutant plakoglobin or plakophilin could be reversed by SB216763, a GSK3β inhibitor. Conclusions Desmosomal mutations linked to ARVC do not significantly affect cell mechanical properties, but cause myocytes to respond abnormally to mechanical stress through a mechanism involving GSK3β. These results may help explain why patients with ARVC experience disease exacerbations following strenuous exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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20. A Clinical Approach to Inherited Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Author: Stitziel, Nathan O. and MacRae, Calum A.
Published: 2014
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21. Long QT Syndrome.

Author: Abrams, Dominic J. and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *LONG QT syndrome diagnosis, *LONG QT syndrome, *SPASMS, *PEOPLE with epilepsy, *GENETICS
Abstract: The article presents the case study of a 34-year-old female who is 4 months postpartum after a nocturnal seizure having epileptic-type movements before spontaneously recovering. Topics discussed include Long QT syndrome (LQTS) inherited cardiac condition, Genetic and Molecular Mechanism of LQTS, and correlation between Genotype and Phenotype characteristics of patients suffering from LQTS.
Published: 2014
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22. The developmental basis of adult arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation as a paradigm.

Author: Kapur, Sunil and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: ARRHYTHMIA, DEVELOPMENTAL biology, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, ATRIAL fibrillation, GENETIC research
Abstract: Normal cardiac rhythm is one of the most fundamental physiologic phenomena, emerging early in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. The developmental pathways underlying the patterning and maintenance of stable cardiac electrophysiology must be extremely robust, but are only now beginning to be unraveled. The step-wise emergence of automaticity, AV delay and sequential conduction are each tightly regulated and perturbations of these patterning events is now known to play an integral role in pediatric and adult cardiac arrhythmias. Electrophysiologic patterning within individual cardiac chambers is subject to exquisite control and is influenced by early physiology superimposed on the underlying gene networks that regulate cardiogenesis. As additional cell populations migrate to the developing heart these too bring further complexity to the organ, as it adapts to the dynamic requirements of a growing organism. A comprehensive understanding of the developmental basis of normal rhythm will inform not only the mechanisms of inherited arrhythmias, but also the differential regional propensities of the adult heart to acquired arrhythmias. In this review we use atrial fibrillation as a generalizable example where the various factors are perhaps best understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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23. Comparison of Echocardiographic and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Sarcomere Mutation Carriers Without Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

Author: Valente, Anne Marie, Lakdawala, Neal K., Powell, Andrew J., Evans, Sarah P., Cirino, Allison L., Orav, E. John., MacRae, Calum A., Colan, Steven D., and Ho, Carolyn Y.
Abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) typically manifests during or after adolescence in sarcomere mutation carriers at risk for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Guidelines recommend serial imaging of mutation carriers without LVH (G+/LVH-) to monitor for phenotypic evolution, but the optimal strategy is undefined. Compared with echocardiography (echo), cardiac MRI (CMR) offers improved endocardial visualization and potential to assess scar. However, the incremental advantage offered by CMR for early diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Therefore, we systematically compared echo and CMR in G+/LVH- subjects.A total of 40 sarcomere mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness (<12 mm or z score <2.5 in children) underwent concurrent CMR. Mean age was 21.7±11.1 years, 55% were female. If left ventricular wall thickness seemed nonuniform, the size and location of relatively thickened segments were noted. Late gadolinium enhancement was assessed with CMR. Diagnostic agreement between echo and CMR was good (90%), although CMR measurements of left ventricular wall thickness were ≈19% lower than echo. Four subjects had mild hypertrophy (12.6-14 mm; 2 segments) appreciated by CMR but not echo. No subjects had late gadolinium enhancement. During median 35-month follow-up, 2 subjects developed overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including 1 with mild LVH by CMR at baseline.Echo is unlikely to miss substantial LVH; however, CMR identified mild hypertrophy in ≈10% of mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness. CMR may be a useful adjunct in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy family screening, particularly in higher risk situations, or if echocardiographic images are suboptimal or suggest borderline LVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2013
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24. Genetic variation in the alternative splicing regulator RBM20 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Author: Refaat, Marwan M., Lubitz, Steven A., Makino, Seiko, Islam, Zahid, Frangiskakis, J. Michael, Mehdi, Haider, Gutmann, Rebecca, Zhang, Michael L., Bloom, Heather L., MacRae, Calum A., Dudley, Samuel C., Shalaby, Alaa A., Weiss, Raul, McNamara, Dennis M., London, Barry, and Ellinor, Patrick T.
Abstract: Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure and death. The etiology of DCM is genetically heterogeneous. Objectives: We sought to define the prevalence of mutations in the RNA splicing protein RBM20 in a large cohort with DCM and to determine whether genetic variation in RBM20 is associated with clinical outcomes. Methods: Subjects included in the Genetic Risk Assessment of Defibrillator Events (GRADE) study were aged at least 18 years, had an ejection fraction of ≤30%, and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The coding region and splice junctions of RBM20 were screened in subjects with DCM; 2 common polymorphisms in RBM20, rs942077 and rs35141404, were genotyped in all GRADE subjects. Results: A total of 1465 subjects were enrolled in the GRADE study, and 283 with DCM were screened for RBM20 mutations. The mean age of subjects with DCM was 58 ± 13 years, 64% were males, and the mean follow-up time was 24.2 ± 17.1 months after ICD placement. RBM20 mutations were identified in 8 subjects with DCM (2.8%). Mutation carriers had a similar survival, transplantation rate, and frequency of ICD therapy compared with nonmutation carriers. Three of 8 subjects with RBM20 mutations (37.5%) had atrial fibrillation (AF), whereas 19 subjects without mutations (7.4%) had AF (P = .02). Among all GRADE subjects, rs35141404 was associated with AF (minor allele odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.44–0.86; P = .006). In the subset of GRADE subjects with DCM, rs35141404 was associated with AF (minor allele odds ratio = 0.58; P = .047). Conclusions: Mutations in RBM20 were observed in approximately 3% of subjects with DCM. There were no differences in survival, transplantation rate, and frequency of ICD therapy in mutation carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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25. Common variants in cardiac ion channel genes are associated with sudden cardiac death.

Author: Albert, Christine M., MacRae, Calum A., Chasman, Daniel I., VanDenburgh, Martin, Baring, Julie E., Manson, JoAnn E., Cook, Nancy R., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, and Buring, Julie E
Subjects: COHORT analysis, ION channels, GENES, CARDIAC arrest, NUCLEOTIDES, GENETIC polymorphisms, EUROPEANS, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, CARRIER proteins, CHI-squared test, DISEASE susceptibility, GENETICS, LONGITUDINAL method, MEMBRANE proteins, MUSCLE proteins, POTASSIUM, RESEARCH funding, RISK assessment, TIME, WHITE people, LOGISTIC regression analysis, CASE-control method, MEMBRANE transport proteins, ODDS ratio
Abstract: Background: Rare variants in cardiac ion channel genes are associated with sudden cardiac death in rare primary arrhythmic syndromes; however, it is unknown whether common variation in these same genes may contribute to sudden cardiac death risk at the population level.Methods and Results: We examined the association between 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (137 tag, 5 noncoding SNPs associated with QT interval duration, and 5 nonsynonymous SNPs) in 5 cardiac ion channel genes, KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1, and KCNE2, and sudden and/or arrhythmic death in a combined nested case-control analysis among 516 cases and 1522 matched control subjects of European ancestry enrolled in 6 prospective cohort studies. After accounting for multiple testing, 2 SNPs (rs2283222 located in intron 11 in KCNQ1 and rs11720524 located in intron 1 in SCN5A) remained significantly associated with sudden/arrhythmic death (false discovery rate=0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Each increasing copy of the major T-allele of rs2283222 or the major C-allele of rs1172052 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.60; P=0.0002) and 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.51; P=0.0005), respectively. Control for cardiovascular risk factors and/or limiting the analysis to definite sudden cardiac death did not significantly alter these relationships.Conclusion: In this combined analysis of 6 prospective cohort studies, 2 common intronic variants in KCNQ1 and SCN5A were associated with sudden cardiac death in individuals of European ancestry. Further study in other populations and investigation into the functional abnormalities associated with noncoding variation in these genes may lead to important insights into predisposition to lethal arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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26. Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4+ cardiomyocytes.

Author: Kikuchi, Kazu, Holdway, Jennifer E., Werdich, Andreas A., Anderson, Ryan M., Yi Fang, Egnaczyk, Gregory F., Evans, Todd, MacRae, Calum A., Stainier, Didier Y. R., and Poss, Kenneth D.
Subjects: ZEBRA danio, CARDIAC regeneration, HEART cells, REGENERATION (Biology), MYOCARDIAL infarction, CORONARY disease, GENE expression, GENETIC regulation, DEVELOPMENTAL biology, PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS
Abstract: Recent studies indicate that mammals, including humans, maintain some capacity to renew cardiomyocytes throughout postnatal life. Yet, there is little or no significant cardiac muscle regeneration after an injury such as acute myocardial infarction. By contrast, zebrafish efficiently regenerate lost cardiac muscle, providing a model for understanding how natural heart regeneration may be blocked or enhanced. In the absence of lineage-tracing technology applicable to adult zebrafish, the cellular origins of newly regenerated cardiac muscle have remained unclear. Using new genetic fate-mapping approaches, here we identify a population of cardiomyocytes that become activated after resection of the ventricular apex and contribute prominently to cardiac muscle regeneration. Through the use of a transgenic reporter strain, we found that cardiomyocytes throughout the subepicardial ventricular layer trigger expression of the embryonic cardiogenesis gene gata4 within a week of trauma, before expression localizes to proliferating cardiomyocytes surrounding and within the injury site. Cre-recombinase-based lineage-tracing of cells expressing gata4 before evident regeneration, or of cells expressing the contractile gene cmlc2 before injury, each labelled most cardiac muscle in the ensuing regenerate. By optical voltage mapping of surface myocardium in whole ventricles, we found that electrical conduction is re-established between existing and regenerated cardiomyocytes between 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. After injury and prolonged fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibition to arrest cardiac regeneration and enable scar formation, experimental release of the signalling block led to gata4 expression and morphological improvement of the injured ventricular wall without loss of scar tissue. Our results indicate that electrically coupled cardiac muscle regenerates after resection injury, primarily through activation and expansion of cardiomyocyte populations. These findings have implications for promoting regeneration of the injured human heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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27. ACE I/D polymorphism associated with abnormal atrial and atrioventricular conduction in lone atrial fibrillation and structural heart disease: Implications for electrical remodeling.

Author: Watanabe, Hiroshi, Kaiser, Daniel W., Makino, Seiko, MacRae, Calum A., Ellinor, Patrick T., Wasserman, Brian S., Kannankeril, Prince J., Donahue, Brian S., Roden, Dan M., and Darbar, Dawood
Abstract: Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene contains a common polymorphism based on the insertion (I) or deletion (D) of a 287-bp intronic DNA fragment. The D allele is associated with higher ACE activity and thus higher angiotensin II levels. Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac fibrosis and conduction heterogeneity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ACE I/D polymorphism modulates cardiac electrophysiology. Methods: Three different cohorts of patients were studied: 69 patients with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation (AF), 151 patients with structural heart disease and no history of AF, and 161 healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease or AF. Patients taking drugs that affect cardiac conduction were excluded from the study. ECG parameters during sinus rhythm were compared among the ACE I/D genotypes. Results: The ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with the PR interval and heart block in the lone AF cohort. In multivariable linear regression models, the D allele was associated with longer PR interval in the lone AF and heart disease cohorts (12.0-ms and 7.1-ms increase per D allele, respectively). P-wave duration showed a similar trend, with increase in PR interval across ACE I/D genotypes in the lone AF and heart disease cohorts. Conclusion: The ACE D allele is associated with electrical remodeling in patients with lone AF and in those with heart disease, but not in control subjects. ACE activity may play a role in cardiac remodeling after the development of AF and heart disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2009
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28. Mutation in the S3 segment of KCNQ1 results in familial lone atrial fibrillation.

Author: Das, Saumya, Makino, Seiko, Melman, Yonathan F., Shea, Marisa A., Goyal, Sanjeev B., Rosenzweig, Anthony, MacRae, Calum A., and Ellinor, Patrick T.
Abstract: Background: Mutations in several ion channel genes have been reported to cause rare cases of familial atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic basis for AF in a family with autosomal dominant AF. Methods: Family members were evaluated by 12-lead ECG, echocardiogram, signal-averaged P-wave analysis, and laboratory studies. Fourteen family members in AF-324 were studied. Six individuals had AF, with a mean age at onset of 32 years (range 16–59 years). Results: Compared with unaffected family members, those with AF had a longer mean QRS duration (100 vs 86 ms, P = .015) but no difference in the corrected QT interval (423 ± 15 ms vs 421 ± 21 ms). The known loci for AF and other cardiovascular diseases were evaluated. Evidence of linkage was obtained with marker D11S4088 located within KCNQ1, and a highly conserved serine in the third transmembrane region was found to be mutated to a proline (S209P). Compared to the wild-type channel, the S209P mutant activates more rapidly, deactivates more slowly, and has a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage activation curve. A fraction of the mutant channels are constitutively open at all voltages, resulting in a net increase in IKs current. Conclusion: We identified a family with lone AF due to a mutation in the highly conserved S3 domain of KCNQ1, a region of the channel not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of AF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2009
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29. Zebrafish genetic models for arrhythmia

Author: Milan, David J. and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *ZEBRA danio, *ARRHYTHMIA, *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, *MORPHOGENESIS
Abstract: Abstract: Over the last decade the zebrafish has emerged as a major genetic model organism. While stimulated originally by the utility of its transparent embryos for the study of vertebrate organogenesis, the success of the zebrafish was consolidated through multiple genetic screens, sequencing of the fish genome by the Sanger Center, and the advent of extensive genomic resources. In the last few years the potential of the zebrafish for in vivo cell biology, physiology, disease modeling and drug discovery has begun to be realized. This review will highlight work on cardiac electrophysiology, emphasizing the arenas in which the zebrafish complements other in vivo and in vitro models; developmental physiology, large-scale screens, high-throughput disease modeling and drug discovery. Much of this work is at an early stage, and so the focus will be on the general principles, the specific advantages of the zebrafish and on future potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2008
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30. Genetics of atrial fibrillation.

Author: Ellinor, Patrick T., Choudry, Subbarao, and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: ATRIAL fibrillation, ATRIAL arrhythmias, HEART diseases, ARRHYTHMIA, CLINICAL medicine, ETIOLOGY of diseases, GENETICS
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Despite its prevalence, relatively little is known regarding the primary mechanisms of AF and, therefore, current treatment practices focus mainly on controlling the disorder and preventing its complications once it is already present. The study of the pathogenesis of AF is complicated by the varied clinical presentation of the arrhythmia and its coexistence with other cardiac pathologies. This article reviews current efforts to delineate the fundamental mechanisms of AF, with a focus on genetic studies. Identification of the underlying etiology may result in the development of more targeted and effective therapies for AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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31. Animal models for arrhythmias

Author: Milan, David J. and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *ARRHYTHMIA, *HEART beat, *PALPITATION, *ETIOLOGY of diseases
Abstract: Abstract: The complex pathophysiology of human arrhythmias has proven difficult to model. Direct correlations between the traditional arrhythmia mechanisms, including abnormal excitability, conduction, or repolarization and underlying molecular or cellular biology are poorly defined, as the primary etiologies of many human arrhythmias remain unknown. Since the causes of several arrhythmic syndromes have been identified, genetic models reproducing the mechanisms of these arrhythmias have become feasible. Initial murine modeling has revealed that in many cases the pathophysiology of the respective human disease is more complex than had been suspected. Insights from human genetic studies and animal models strongly suggest that the primary molecular defects may contribute at many stages in the causal chain leading to arrhythmia. The comprehensive analysis of each arrhythmia will require knowledge not only of the membrane effects of the primary defects, but also downstream intracellular signals, the developmental results of these perturbations, and the integration of compensatory responses and environmental factors. Precise modeling will require not only the mutation of specific residues in known disease genes, but also the systematic study of each of the many steps in arrhythmogenesis. Ultimately, such models will enable unbiased screens for disease mechanisms and novel therapies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2005
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32. Clinical Subtypes of Lone Atrial Fibrillation.

Author: PATTON, KRISTEN K., ZACKS, ERAN S., CHANG, JOSEPH Y., SHEA, MARISA A., RUSKIN, JEREMY N., MACRAE, CALUM A., and ELLINOR, PATRICK T.
Subjects: ATRIAL fibrillation, ATRIAL arrhythmias, GENETICS, DISEASES, ARRHYTHMIA
Abstract: PATTON, K.K., et al.: Clinical Subtypes of Lone Atrial Fibrillation . Aims: In the face of increasing evidence of underlying genetic heterogeneity for lone atrial fibrillation (LAF), we undertook a clinical analysis of subjects to identify the phenotypic subsets of this arrhythmia. Methods and Results: We evaluated serial patients who presented with LAF between July 5, 2001 and December 19, 2003. Subjects underwent a standardized interview to elicit a detailed medical history, prior therapies, and precipitants of atrial fibrillation. The results of a physical exam, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were reviewed. One hundred and eighty subjects with a mean age of 45 years (15–67 years) at the time of diagnosis were enrolled. The majority of patients originally presented with paroxysmal fibrillation (94%), and 7.8% progressed to permanent AF. Reported triggers for AF included sleeping (44%), exercise (36%), alcohol use (36%), and eating (34%). Women with LAF had distinct symptoms, triggers for episodic AF, and over one-fourth had an underlying rheumatologic condition. Several subsets of AF including familial AF (39%), exercise-induced AF (32%), and conduction system disease requiring pacemaker implantation (7%), were identified. Conclusions: Family history, exercise as a trigger of AF, and a history of a pacemaker identified subtypes of LAF. (PACE 2005; 28:630–638) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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33. Aging syndrome genes and premature coronary artery disease.

Author: Low, Adrian F, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Kathiresan, Sekar, Everett, Brendan, Chae, Claudia U, Shaw, Stanley Y, Ellinor, Patrick T, and MacRae, Calum A
Subjects: VASCULAR disease diagnosis, GENETICS of aging, GENETIC polymorphisms, CORONARY disease, GENETICS
Abstract: Background: Vascular disease is a feature of aging, and coronary vascular events are a major source of morbidity and mortality in rare premature aging syndromes. One such syndrome is caused by mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene, which also has been implicated in familial insulin resistance. A second gene related to premature aging in man and in murine models is the KLOTHO gene, a hypomorphic variant of which (KL-VS) is significantly more common in the first-degree relatives of patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated whether common variants at the LMNA or KLOTHO genes are associated with rigorously defined premature CAD. Methods: We identified 295 patients presenting with premature acute coronary syndromes confirmed by angiography. A control group of 145 patients with no evidence of CAD was recruited from outpatient referral clinics. Comprehensive haplotyping of the entire LMNA gene, including the promoter and untranslated regions, was performed using a combination of TaqMan® probes and direct sequencing of 14 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The KL-VS variant of the KLOTHO gene was typed using restriction digest of a PCR amplicon. Results: Two SNPs that were not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium were excluded from analysis. We observed no significant differences in allele, genotype or haplotype frequencies at the LMNA or KLOTHO loci between the two groups. In addition, there was no evidence of excess homozygosity at the LMNA locus. Conclusion: Our data do not support the hypothesis that premature CAD is associated with common variants in the progeroid syndrome genes LMNA and KLOTHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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34. Chemical suppression of a genetic mutation in a zebrafish model of aortic coarctation.

Author: Peterson, Randall T., Shaw, Stanley Y., Peterson, Travis A., Milan, David J., Zhong, Tao P., Schreiber, Stuart L., MacRae, Calum A., and Fishman, Mark C.
Subjects: ZEBRA danio, GENETIC mutation, GENETICS, AORTIC coarctation, BLOOD flow, PHENOTYPES
Abstract: Conventional drug discovery approaches require a priori selection of an appropriate molecular target, but it is often not obvious which biological pathways must be targeted to reverse a disease phenotype1'2. Phenotype-based screens offer the potential to identify pathways and potential therapies that influence disease processes. The zebrafish mutation gridlock (grl, affecting the gene hey2) disrupts aortic blood flow in a region and physiological manner akin to aortic coarctation in humans3-5. Here we use a whole-organism, phenotype-based, small-molecule screen to discover a class of compounds that suppress the coarctation phenotype and permit survival to adulthood. These compounds function during the specification and migration of angioblasts. They act to upregulate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the activation of the VEGF pathway is sufficient to suppress the gridlock phenotype. Thus, organism-based screens allow the discovery of small molecules that ameliorate complex dysmorphic syndromes even without targeting the affected gene directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004
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35. Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Accessory Atrioventricular Connections in an Inherited Form of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.

Author: Mehdirad, Ali A., Fatkin, Diane, DiMarco, John P., MacRae, Calum A., Wase, Abdul, Seidman, J.G., Seidman, Christine E., and Benson, D. Woodrow
Subjects: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, ATRIOVENTRICULAR node, WOLFF-Parkinson-White syndrome, ARRHYTHMIA, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, CHROMOSOMES
Abstract: Introduction: A familial form of Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome (WPW) occurs in association with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and intraventricular conduction abnormalities. This syndrome, demonstrating autosomal dominant inheritance and segregating with a high degree of penetrance but variable expressivity, has been genetically linked to chromosome 7q3. The purpose of this study is to detail the electrophysiologic characteristics of accessory atrioventricular connections (AC) in four members of a kindred with this syndrome. Methods and Results: We clinically evaluated 32 members of a single kindred and identified 20 individuals with ventricular preexcitation, abnormal intraventricular conduction including complete AV block and/or ventricular hypertrophy. Genetic linkage analysis mapped the disease gene in this kindred to the chromosome 7q3 locus (maximum logarithm of the odds score = 6.88, θ = 0); recoinbination events in affected individuals reduced the genetic interval from 7 centimorgans (cM) to S cM. Electruphysiologic study of four individuals with preexciatation identified seven AC (1 right sided, 3 septal, and 3 left sided). All four individuals had inducible orthodromic tachycardia; while three had multiple AC. Bidirectional conduction was demonstrated in 6 of 7 AC. Successful ablation was accomplished in 5 of 7 AC. Conclusion: The electrophysiologic characteristics and location of AC in family members having this complex cardiac phenotype are similar to those seen in individuals with isolated WPW. Identification of WPW in more than one family member should prompt clinical evaluation of relatives for additional findings of ventricular hypertrophy or conduction abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1999
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36. Next-Generation Genome-Wide Association Studies.

Author: MacRae, Calum A. and Vasan, Ramachandran S.
Subjects: COHORT analysis, HERITABILITY, GENETIC disorders, ALLELES
Abstract: The authors reflect on the next-generation genome-wide association studies (GWAS). They states that cohorts of over 100,000 individuals projected as the solution to the omitted heritability from the first generation studies, in which the outcomes GWAS have been unequivocally linked with a certain diseases. The authors suggests that to fully describe the genetic architecture of disease, it would be essential to add hybrid approaches proficient of identifying alleles.
Published: 2011
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37. Defining the Pathogenicity of DNA Sequence Variation.

Author: Ho, Carolyn Y. and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: GENOTYPE-environment interaction, NUCLEOTIDE sequence, HUMAN genetic variation, GENOMES, PHENOTYPES
Abstract: The article presents information on the pathogenecity of DNA sequence variation. It explains the fundamental importance of a strong genotype-phenotype correlation if genetic diagnosis or prognostication is ever to be useful. It also discusses the absence of robust genetic support in humans or in animal models. The challenges of genome-wide association studies are explored.
Published: 2009
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38. The Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation.

Author: ELLINOR, PATRICK T. and MACRAE, CALUM A.
Subjects: *ATRIAL fibrillation, *CHROMOSOMES, *FAMILIAL diseases, *GENETICS
Abstract: Discusses the genetics of atrial fibrillation. Evidence of heritability in atrial fibrillation; Factors for the activation of familial atrial fibrillation; Challenges in the genetics of atrial fibrillation; Ideograms of chromosomes 6 and 10 illustrating the overlap for the known loci for atrial fibrillation.
Published: 2003
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39. Genomic Medicine in Cardiovascular Fellowship Training.

Author: Aday, Aaron W. and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *MEDICAL protocols, *MEDICAL research, *MEDICINE, *GENOMICS, *CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment, *MEDICAL education, *SCHOLARSHIPS
Abstract: The article reports that patient care and biomedical research will undoubtedly be increasingly influenced by genomic medicine efforts in the coming years. In his 2016 budget proposal, former U.S. President Barack Obama allocated $215 million to fund the Precision Medicine Initiative. Some groups have already taken steps to develop and implement genomics training into various medical education paths.
Published: 2017
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40. Splicing and Dilated Cardiomyopathy One Gene to Rule Them All?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology

Author: MacRae, Calum A. and McKenna, William J.
Subjects: dilated cardiomyopathy, RBM20, genetics, linkage analysis, mutation
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41. A Critical Need for Clinical Context in the Genomic Era.

Author: MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *MEDICAL research, *GENOTYPES, *GENETIC pleiotropy, *SOCIAL stratification, *MOLECULAR genetics, *FAMILIES, *MEDICAL history taking, *CARDIOMYOPATHIES, *ACQUISITION of data
Abstract: The article discusses research concerning the need for quantitative tools in clinical genomic studies to determine the association of genotype to phenotype. An overview on the establishment of initial disease gene in segregation studies of multiple independent families and specific variant in the gene, is provided. Also outlined is the opportunities for genomic medicine and the hurdles with combination of remarkable degradation in pedigree information.
Published: 2015
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42. Splicing and Dilated Cardiomyopathy: One Gene to Rule Them All? ⁎ [⁎] Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.

Author: MacRae, Calum A. and McKenna, William J.
Published: 2009
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43. Missense Mutations in the Rod Domain of the Lamin A/C Gene as Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Conduction-System Disease.

Author: Fatkin, Diane, MacRae, Calum, Sasaki, Takeshi, Wolff, Matthew R., Porcu, Maurizio, Frenneaux, Michael, Atherton, John, Vidaillet, Humberto J., Spudich, Serena, De Girolami, Umberto, Seidman, J.G., Muntoni, Francesco, MÃ¼ehle, Gerry, Johnson, Wendy, McDonough, Barbara, and Seidman, Christine E.
Subjects: *CARDIOMYOPATHIES, *MEDICAL genetics, *GENETICS of disease susceptibility, *FAMILY health, *HEART failure, *CONGESTIVE heart failure, *GENETICS
Abstract: Background: Inherited mutations cause approximately 35 percent of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy; however, few genes associated with this disease have been identified. Previously, we located a gene defect that was responsible for autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease on chromosome 1p1â€“q21, where nuclear-envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C are encoded by the LMNA (lamin A/C) gene. Mutations in the head or tail domain of this gene cause Emeryâ€“Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a childhood-onset disease characterized by joint contractures and in some cases by abnormalities of cardiac conduction during adulthood. Methods: We evaluated 11 families with autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease. Sequences of the lamin A/C exons were determined in probands from each family, and variants were confirmed by restriction-enzyme digestion. The genotypes of the family members were ascertained. Results: Five novel missense mutations were identified: four in the Î±-helical rod domain of the lamin A/C gene, and one in the lamin C tail domain. Each mutation caused heritable, progressive conduction-system disease (sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction block, or atrial arrhythmias) and dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart failure and sudden death occurred frequently within these families. No family members with mutations had either joint contractures or skeletal myopathy. Serum creatine kinase levels were normal in family members with mutations of the lamin rod but mildly elevated in some family members with a defect in the tail domain of lamin C. Conclusions: Genetic defects in distinct domains of the nuclear-envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C selectively cause dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction-system disease or autosomal dominant Emeryâ€“Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Missense mutations in the rod domain of the lamin A/C gene provide a genetic cause for dilated cardiomyopathy and indicate that this intermediate filament protein has an important role in cardiac conduction and contractility. (N Engl J Med 1999;341:1715-24.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1999
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44. Phenotypic Manifestations of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy in Children and Adolescents.

Author: DeWitt, Elizabeth S, Chandler, Stephanie F, Hylind, Robyn J, Beausejour Ladouceur, Virginie, Blume, Elizabeth D, VanderPluym, Christina, Powell, Andrew J, Fynn-Thompson, Francis, Roberts, Amy E, Sanders, Stephen P, Bezzerides, Vassilios, Lakdawala, Neal K, MacRae, Calum A, and Abrams, Dominic J
Abstract: Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a variably penetrant disease increasingly identified in young patients.Objectives: This study sought to describe the diverse phenotype, genotype, and outcomes in pediatric and adolescent patients.Methods: Records from 1999 to 2016 were reviewed for individuals age <21 years with a consistent personal or family history. Patients were categorized by right ventricular (RV), left dominant (LD), or biventricular subtypes using 2010 Task Force Criteria or proposed features of LD disease, encompassing electrocardiographic, structural, histological, and arrhythmic characteristics. Genetic variants classified as pathogenic and/or likely pathogenic by 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria in recognized disease-associated genes were included.Results: Manifest disease was evident in 32 patients (age 15.1 ± 3.8 years), of whom 22 were probands, including 16 RV, 7 LD, and 9 biventricular ACM. Nondiagnostic features were seen in 5 of 15 family members. RV disease was associated with cardiac arrest and ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.02) and prevalence of PKP2 variants (p < 0.01), whereas biventricular disease was associated with a younger age of onset (p = 0.02). LD ACM was associated with variants in DSP and LMNA, and biventricular ACM with more a diverse etiology in desmosomal genes. Cardiac arrest was observed in 5 probands (age 15.3 ± 1.9 years) and ventricular tachycardia in 10 (age 16.6 ± 2.7 years), 6 probands, and 4 family members. Features suggestive of myocardial inflammation were seen in 6 patients, with ventricular tachycardia and/or cardiac arrest in 3 patients. Cardiac transplantation was performed in 10 patients. There were no deaths. In RV and biventricular disease, electrocardiographic preceded imaging features, whereas the reverse was seen in LD disease.Conclusions: ACM in the young has highly varied phenotypic expression incorporating life-threatening arrhythmia, heart failure, and myocardial inflammation. Increased awareness of early onset, aggressive disease has important implications for patient management and familial screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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45. Opportunities for the Cardiovascular Community in the Precision Medicine Initiative.

Author: Shah, Svati H., Arnett, Donna, Houser, Steven R., Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., MacRae, Calum, Mital, Seema, Loscalzo, Joseph, and Hall, Jennifer L.
Subjects: *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, *GENETICS, *MEDICINE, *HUMAN genome, *HEALTH outcome assessment, *CARDIOLOGY, *DRUG therapy, *HEALTH planning, *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations, *LONGITUDINAL method, *HEALTH policy, *PATENTS, *TUMORS, *DATA mining, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *GOVERNMENT programs
Abstract: The Precision Medicine Initiative recently announced by President Barack Obama seeks to move the field of precision medicine more rapidly into clinical care. Precision medicine revolves around the concept of integrating individual-level data including genomics, biomarkers, lifestyle and other environmental factors, wearable device physiological data, and information from electronic health records to ultimately provide better clinical care to individual patients. The Precision Medicine Initiative as currently structured will primarily fund efforts in cancer genomics with longer-term goals of advancing precision medicine to all areas of health, and will be supported through creation of a 1 million person cohort study across the United States. This focused effort on precision medicine provides scientists, clinicians, and patients within the cardiovascular community an opportunity to work together boldly to advance clinical care; the community needs to be aware and engaged in the process as it progresses. This article provides a framework for potential involvement of the cardiovascular community in the Precision Medicine Initiative, while highlighting significant challenges for its successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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46. Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association.

Author: Ashley, Euan A., Hershberger, Ray E., Caleshu, Colleen, Ellinor, Patrick T., Garcia, Joe G. N., Herrington, David M., Ho, Carolyn Y., Johnson, Julie A., Kittner, Steven J., MacRae, Calum A., Mudd-Martin, Gia, Rader, Daniel J., Roden, Dan M., Scholes, Derek, Sellke, Frank W., Towbin, Jeffrey A., Van Eyk, Jennifer, and Worrall, Bradford B.
Subjects: *GENE mapping, *MEDICAL genetics, *HEALTH, *CLINICAL medicine, *HUMAN genome
Abstract: The article presents information on the application of human genome mapping and specific genetic tests in analyzing the genetic predisposition of diseases which in turn helps in improving human health. It presents information on the use of genetic information in clinical medicine and new policy recommendations designed to facilitate the safe incorporation of the latest technologies and research findings into the clinical domain.
Published: 2012
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47. A Novel Locus for Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis, and Sudden Death on Chromosome 10q25-26

Author: Ellinor, Patrick T., Sasse-Klaassen, Sabine, Probst, Susanne, Gerull, Brenda, Shin, Jordan T., Toeppel, Andrea, Heuser, Arnd, Michely, Beate, Yoerger, Danita M., Song, Bong-Seok, Pilz, Bernhard, Krings, Gregor, Coplin, Bruce, Lange, Peter E., Dec, G. William, Hennies, Hans Christian, Thierfelder, Ludwig, and MacRae, Calum A.
Subjects: *CARDIOMYOPATHIES, *CHROMOSOMES, *PHENOTYPES, *MEDICAL genetics, *HEREDITY, *HEART failure, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *GENETICS
Abstract: Objectives: We sought to identify the genetic locus for an inherited form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that is characterized by diffuse myocardial fibrosis and sudden death. Background: Genetic studies have mapped multiple loci for DCM, which is a major cause of nonischemic heart failure; however, the genes responsible for the majority of cases have yet to be identified. Methods: Sixty-six family members were evaluated by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and laboratory studies. Individuals with echocardiographically documented DCM were defined as affected. Subjects were considered unaffected if they were older than 20 years of age, had a normal ECG and echocardiogram, no personal history of heart failure, and had no affected offspring. Genotyping was performed using polymorphic markers. Results: Genome-wide linkage analysis identified a novel locus for this inherited phenotype on chromosome 10q25.3-q26.13. Peak two-point logarithm of the odds scores >3.0 were obtained independently with each family using the markers D10S1773 and D10S1483, respectively. Haplotype analyses defined a critical interval of 14.0 centiMorgans between D10S1237 and D10S1723, corresponding to a physical distance of 9.5 megabases. Multipoint linkage analyses confirmed this interval and generated a peak logarithm of the odds score of 8.2 indicating odds of >100,000,000:1 in favor of this interval as the location of the gene defect responsible for DCM in these families. Conclusions: We have mapped a novel locus for cardiomyopathy, diffuse myocardial fibrosis, and sudden death to chromosome 10q25-q26. The identification of the causative gene in this interval will be an important step in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of heart failure and sudden death. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2006
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48. Zebrafish Models of Congenital Myopathy

Author: Smith, Laura Lindsay, Cepko, Constance, Harris, Matthew, Bonnemann, Carsten, MacRae, Calum, and Beggs, Alan
Subjects: Biology, Genetics
Abstract: The congenital myopathies are a diverse group of inherited neuromuscular disorders that manifest as skeletal muscle weakness at birth or in infancy, and are classically defined by the predominant morphological features observed on muscle biopsy. The goals of this dissertation were to better understand the pathophysiology behind these devastating diseases and to identify new therapeutic approaches through the use of faithful vertebrate models. Due to their proliferative capacity, transparency, and well-characterized genome, zebrafish represent a robust vertebrate model system to study muscle development. In the first part of this work, we created and characterized a novel zebrafish model of centronuclear myopathy using antisense morpholinos targeting the bridging integrator 1 (bin1) gene. Bin1 morphant skeletal muscles revealed structural defects reported in human biopsies, and live calcium imaging offered new mechanistic insights linking abnormal triads to impairments in intracellular signaling. Later studies focused on two forms of core myopathy, and utilized stable zebrafish models to guide development of targeted and effective therapies. We began by using TALE nucleases to generate germ line mutations in the zebrafish selenoprotein N (sepn1) gene, and in doing so created the first vertebrate to accurately model human SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM). Sepn1 zebrafish mutants exhibited morphological abnormalities, reduced contractile strength, and skeletal muscle “cores” under electron microscopy. We then showed that the sepn1 phenotype could be ameliorated by pharmacological inhibition of a thiol oxidase localized at the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These data served as the first in vivo evidence to indicate that reactive oxygen species significantly contribute to SEPN1-RM, and may do so by impairing calcium re-uptake following muscle contraction. Finally, we performed a medium-throughput chemical screen on the closely related relatively relaxed (ryr1b) zebrafish, and identified JAK-STAT cytokine signaling as a druggable molecular pathway relevant to these pathologies. In summary, these studies increase our knowledge of the affected systems in both centronuclear and core myopathies, and provide strong in vivo support that these conditions arise from defects in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. This work also further establishes zebrafish-based small molecule screens as a powerful tool for lead compound identification and drug development in human genetic disease., Medical Sciences
Published: 2015

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