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A partir do estudo de narrativas ficcionais da literatura brasileira publicadas nas primeiras décadas deste novo século, tem-se por objetivo investigar a presença das mulheres velhas, especialmente aquelas que se destacam como narradoras e/ou como protagonistas. Pretende-se observar se e como a literatura contemporânea tem contribuído para forjar determinadas identidades, ou antes, para reforçar ou (des)construir padrões e papéis comumente atribuídos à figura feminina envelhecida. Busca-se, sobretudo, contribuir para afastar ou minimizar os estereótipos e o silenciamento acerca da velhice feminina (ainda) presentes em nosso cânone. Para tanto, são tomados como corpus os romances Mar azul (Rocco, 2012), de Paloma Vidal; Amor em dois tempos (Companhia das Letras, 2014), de Lívia Garcia-Roza; Quarenta dias (Alfaguara, 2014) e Outros Cantos (Alfaguara, 2016), ambos de Maria Valéria Rezende. Para dar suporte às análises, recorre-se às contribuições de Simone de Beauvoir, Guita Grin Debert, Mirian Goldenberg, Ecléa Bosi e Regina Dalcastagnè, entre outros.

espanolEn los anos sesenta del siglo XX, agrupaciones musicales provenientes de la sonoridad corralera de la costa caribena colombiana hicieron giras en Mexico. Su influencia propicio el surgimiento de algunas agrupaciones locales en la franja costena afrodescendiente del sur de Mexico, llamada Costa Chica. Uno de estos grupos, Mar Azul, colaboro a fraguar el llamado merequetengue, generico musical que fungio como vehiculo identitario y amasijo de una estetica propia, dando cuenta de procesos glocales y de una marcada localidad regional. La importancia que adquirio esta agrupacion derivo, mas tarde, en procesos translocales, al formar parte sustancial de la vida musical de la poblacion costena migrante, tanto en la Ciudad de Mexico como en varios estados de los EE. UU. El presente escrito analiza estos procesos –que evidencian relaciones Sur-Sur entre poblaciones rurales afrodescendientes–, mediante las nociones de glocalidad, localidad regional y translocalidad musical. EnglishToward the end of the 60s musical groups with origins in the corralero sound from the Colombian Caribbean coast made several tours in Mexico. Their influence led to the emergence of local groups in the Afro-descendant coastal strip of Costa Chica in southern Mexico. One of these groups, Mar Azul, collaborated to forge the so-called merequetengue, a music genre that served as an identity vehicle and a mixture of local aesthetics, evidencing glocal processes and regional locality. Later on, the importance this group acquired led to translocal processes, as it became a substantial part of the musical life of the migrant coastal population, both in Mexico City and in several states of the USA. This paper analyzes these processes –which show South-South relations between Afro-descendant rural populations- making use of the notions of glocality, regional locality, and musical translocality.

espanolEste articulo da cuenta de la complejidad de la relacion naturaleza, sociedad y cultura en el corregimiento de Pueblo Bello, en el departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Las rupturas en el tejido social ocasionadas por la violencia han desvanecido el encuentro de lo humano con su entorno. La comunidad del corregimiento de Pueblo Bello es un ejemplo de como los acontecimientos tragicos pueden ser una oportunidad para tejer nuevas relaciones desde y con la naturaleza EnglishThis article gives an account of the complexity of the relationship between nature, society and culture in the village of Pueblo Bello, in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). The ruptures in the social fabric caused by violence have vanished the encounter of the human with its environment. The community of the village of Pueblo Bello is an example of how tragic events can be an opportunity to forge new relationships from and with nature

O artigo pretende analisar os procedimentos irônicos e descritivos do po­ema “Ideias íntimas” (Álvares de Azevedo), eleitos para forjar um conflito com o sistema poético tradicional e seu tempo artístico. O texto discute a construção do eu lírico como um poeta que se apresenta como um es­tudante do curso de direito que, interrompendo os estudos, contempla, expõe e interpreta algumas imagens de obras de arte de sua autoria e de outros.

espanolEl presente articulo se centra en el estudio de la trayectoria de vida de Pedro C. Molina (1853- 1920), fundador de la localidad de Almafuerte en la provincia de Cordoba y politico de la Union Civica Radical (UCR). Pertenecio a una familia de estancieros, vinculados a la posesion de una merced de tierras en la zona de Tercero Arriba, cuya prosapia se remonta a los Molina Navarrete. Por lo que la familia Molina contaba con cierto prestigio desde la epoca colonial. Sin embargo, para fines del siglo XIX estas familias se encontraban en una fase de decadencia en la reputacion dentro de la elite cordobesa. Pese a que Molina iba a heredar una fraccion de tierra de la Estancia El Salto, su posibilidad de acceso a la educacion le permitio forjar su camino dentro del ambito intelectual y politico de Cordoba y proyectarse a nivel nacional como referente dentro de la UCR. EnglishThis article focuses on the study of the trajectory of Pedro C. Molina (1853-1920), founder of the town of Almafuerte in the province of Cordoba and a politician of the Union Civica Radical (UCR). He belonged to a family of landowners who possessed a land grant in the area of Tercero Arriba and whose lineage went back to the Molina Navarrete. For that reason, since colonial times, the family had a certain prestige. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, these families were in a phase of decline in reputation within the Cordoba elite. Although Molina was going to inherit a piece of land from the Estancia El Salto, his ability to access to education allowed him to forge his way into the intellectual and political environment of Cordoba and to be projected at the national level as a reference within the UCR.

Los conocimientos, la información, la educación, etc., existe muchos años antes que se formara la institución conocida como Universidad. Grecia y Roma formaron una muy buena base de educación, saber e investigación, con maestros, alumnos; fue la época de los grandes eruditos, de la grandes escuelas y liceos, de los grandes sabios, como Aristóteles o Platón, que sin existir el término Universidad, supieron forjar una excelente masa de conocimientos que hasta nuestros días influyen.

A veteran attorney and filmmaker discusses the lessons for both separating parents and divorce professionals alike contained in his Telly Award-winning short film, Talk to Strangers. The film forge...

Can the crucible of war forge a stronger nation? Melissa K. Stockdale thinks so, at least in the case of Russia during the First World War. She challenges the commonly accepted notion that a well-d...

This chapter explores how art history pedagogies can be put to work with the ghosts of colonialism and apartheid in such a way as to forge new affective relationalities within South African Higher Education (SAHE). Drawing on an art history pedagogical encounter that engages history and memory, the chapter proposes that it is through speaking with ghosts, that educators and students can respond to calls to decolonise the academy and work affirmatively with difference(s). To this end, the paper threads Jacques Derrida's notion of hauntology and Michalinos Zembylas's pedagogies of hauntology through the work of Donna Haraway, Karen Barad and Bracha Ettinger, three feminist theorists who explore notions of both/and conceptions of difference(s) and share a common understanding of subjectivity as partial, co-affecting and co-emerging. In so doing, the paper addresses the ambivalences and complexities of art history pedagogies and argues that speaking with and responding to the ghost can generate new relationalities within SAHE and society at large.

The paper is composed of three parts. In the first, I draw some parallels between Conceicao Evaristo's work Poncia Vicencio, comparing to other novels by brazilian black authors, signaling the contiguity of a dispersed, but communicating, set of novels that are interspersed by the romanesque genre and by the authorship of black women – as the pioneer Ursula, of Maria Firmina dos Reis, published in the nineteenth century; Agua funda (1946), by Ruth Guimaraes, the first novel by a black author published after the end of slavery; Pedacos da fome (1963) and Diario de Bitita (1986), both of Carolina Maria de Jesus; As mulheres de Tijucopapo (1982), Marilene Felinto and Um defeito de cor (2006), by Ana Maria Goncalves. In a second moment, I approach the concept of “escrevivencia”, observing its borderline location between fiction, realism and autobiography, emphasizing that the critical invoice of the concept generates an amplification of its respective scope. Finally, I highlight some lines of strength of the work, in order to emphasize its narrative power to forge and make visible the colonial counter-memories of the nation.

TransFORmation of IndiGEnous PrimAry HEAlthcare Delivery (FORGE AHEAD) partnered with local clinical and community teams in 11 First Nations (FN) communities across Canada to develop quality improvement (QI) initiatives aimed at improving T2DM.Pre-post mixed-methods case study design was used. The 18-month intervention included community and clinical readiness, development of a community diabetes registry and clinical system, and QI activities. Participants consisted of community members, 18 yrs and older, with diabetes. Changes in clinical outcomes and clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations were assessed pre and post intervention using multilevel regression (patients nested within communities) adjusted forindividual andcommunity baseline characteristics.No significant change in HbA1c orsBP, but a small reduction indBP(-0.75 mmHg, p 0.05) and LDL (-0.09 mmol/L, p 0.05) was observed in 2008 adults with T2DM (mean age: 60·5 (SD:14·6) years; female: 57·2%). Individuals not at CPG targets at baseline had significant reductions in: %HbA1c (N = 616): -0.40 (95%CI:-0·55,-0·24),sBP (N = 561): -7·67 mmHg (95%CI:-9·23, -5·72),dBP (N = 291): -7·46 mmHg (95%CI:-8·69, -6·26), LDL (N = 450): -0·37mmo/l (95%CI:-0·44, -0·29).Annual HbA1c (OR: 1·95; 95%CI:1·66, 2·29), BP (OR: 1·78; 95%CI:1·52, 2·09), LDL (OR: 1·27; 95%CI:1·10, 1·47) and CKD screening (OR: 6·37; 95%CI:5·16, 7·92)increased but retinopathy screening decreased (OR: 0·68; 95%CI:0·57, 0·82). No significant change in foot exams (OR: 0·97; 95%CI:0·76, 1·23) or BMI recordings (OR: 0·96; 95%CI:0·82, 1·12) was seen. Overall, individualsweremorelikely to receive ≥75% of CPG recommended services compared to baseline (OR: 1·51; 95%CI:1·27, 1·80).FORGE AHEAD is the first Canadian study to demonstrate that a FN community-led QI intervention can lead to diabetes improvements.

Background There is a well-documented lack of rapid, low-cost tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance diagnostics in low-income settings across the globe. It is these areas that are plagued with a disproportionately high disease burden and in greatest need of these diagnostics. Methods In this study, we compared the performance of Light Forge, a microfluidic high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) prototype for rapid low-cost detection of TB drug resistance with a commercial HRMA device, a predictive “nearest-neighbor” thermodynamic model, DNA sequencing, and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). The initial development and assessment of the Light Forge assay was performed with 7 phenotypically drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) that had their rpoB gene subsequently sequenced to confirm resistance to Rifampin. These isolates of M.tb were then compared against a drug-susceptible standard, H37Rv. Seven strains of M.tb were isolated from clinical specimens and individually analyzed to characterize the unique melting profile of each strain. Results Light Forge was able to detect drug-resistance linked mutations with 100% concordance to the sequencing, phenotypic DST and the “nearest neighbor” thermodynamic model. Researchers were then blinded to the resistance profile of the seven M.tb strains. In this experiment, Light Forge correctly classified 7 out of 9 strains as either drug resistant or drug susceptible. Conclusions Light Forge represents a promising prototype for a fast, low-cost diagnostic alternative for detection of drug resistant strains of TB in resource constrained settings.

Vibration is one of the most widespread production factors of risk. At manufacture modernization on modern semiautomated the enterprises cases of vibrating illness are individual.

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en analizar la situación social y sentimental de los primeros colonizadores españoles en el Nuevo Reino de Granada en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y sus intentos por mantener el contacto afectivo y por traer a sus seres queridos, todo esto visto a través de la recopilación de Cartas privadas de emigrantes a Indias de Enrique Otte. A través del intercambio epistolar pudieron observarse todos los preparativos que implicaba atravesar el océano Atlántico, desde el trámite de la licencia hasta los gastos, provisiones y equipajes. Varios obstáculos debieron sortearse durante esta larga travesía, además de lo que había que disponer para asegurar el traslado del viajero desde puerto de arribo en Cartagena hasta el sitio final de reencuentro con el ser querido. Son estos testimonios claras evidencias de los sacrificios que debieron afrontar estos primeros aventureros que ayudaron a forjar el desarrollo del territorio americano trayendo consigo la impronta social y cultural de su natal España.

RESUMEN La política costarricense durante 2016 fue dominada por el debate y eventual fracaso de las reformas tributarias promovidas por la administración Solís. Este fracaso es emblemático de una crisis de gobernabilidad más generalizada, marcada por crecientes niveles de fragmentación y polarización partidaria que hacen cada vez más difícil forjar acuerdos sobre temas nacionales de transcendencia. Las elecciones programadas para febrero 2018 dominarán la política durante 2017.

O artigo contém um estudo sobre as ‘reuniões gerais’ que, enquanto dispositivo pedagógico instituído na Escola Superior de Agricultura e Veterinária do Estado de Minas Gerais (ESAV), entre 1927 e 1951, contribuíram para forjar o perfil de homem e de profissional ensejado por esse estabelecimento público estadual. Para isso, apresenta aspectos do debate e dos movimentos do ruralismo que nortearam a institucionalização do ensino agrícola no Brasil na primeira metade do século XX, em termos legais e políticos. Sua finalidade é entender o contexto de criação e a concepção de ensino da ESAV, com vistas ao perfil de formação integral e profissional de seus alunos. The article desenvolves a study about the ‘General Meeting’, while a pedagogical device instituted in Escola Superior de Agricultura e Veterinária do Estado de Minas Gerais (ESAV), between 1927 and 1951, that had helped to forge a man and professional profile wanted for that public establishment owned by the state. For that, it introduces aspects related to rurality moviment discution that will guide the institutionalization of agricultural teaching in Brazil, on the first half of the 20th century, in legal and political terms, to understand the context of criation and conceptions of ESAV's way to teach, viewing the integral and professional building profile.

Social connections play a vital role in helping newcomers fit into a new work environment. In addition to seeking important information from organizational “insiders” such as coworkers and leaders,...

Resumen Planteamos el significado político que tuvo la intensa participación ciudadana que protagonizamos como personas y sujetos sociales en el proceso de discusión nacional y aprobación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos (TLC) durante los años 2004 y 2008. Las experiencias, que nutren esta reflexión, las vivimos principalmente en colectivos localizados en el cantón de San Ramón, región occidental del Valle Central de Costa Rica. La identidad patriótica fue el eje articulador de un movimiento social altamente heterogéneo en su composición social. El alcance reactivo del movimiento no logró forjar consensos en las acciones colectivas de los movimientos sociales contestatarios, tras el referéndum del 7 de octubre de 2007. Surgen algunos desafíos para los sujetos/luchas sociales regionales, que esbozamos al final del ensayo. Abstract We raise the political significance of the intense citizen participation that we witnessed as individuals and social subjects in the process of national discussion and approval of the Free Trade Agreement between the Dominican Republic, Central America and the United States (CAFTA) during 2004 and 2008. The experiences, which nurture this reflection, were lived mainly by groups located in the county of San Ramón, the western region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The patriotic identity was the axis articulator of a social movement highly heterogeneous in its social composition. The reactive reach of the movement failed to forge consensus on the collective actions of the protests and social movements, after the referendum of October 7, 2007. Some challenges arise for the subjects / regional social struggles, which we outline at the end of the essay.

Cette etude s’attache a mettre en valeur l’esthetique verbale du poete Abdellatif Laâbi. On ne peut aborder l’œuvre du poete par la seule thematique qu’il traite ou par ses positionnements dans le debat societal. Laâbi a forge une ecriture a double armature textuelle ou l’oralite trouve une place preponderante. Le texte ecrit en francais, avec une graphie latine, se trouve travaille chez Laâbi par l’oralite. C’est-a-dire que le mot francais, dit a haute voix, va generer un autre mot qui fournit l’image sonore de la langue arabe. Il s’agit de deux textes superposes ; l’un ecrit, l’autre oral : ce qu’on dit en francais sera entendu en arabe. C’est la projection de l’oralite sur la graphie et vice-versa qui vient confronter les sens ou les reconcilier. Il en ressort que cette strategie ne touche pas uniquement le mot, mais va jusqu’a fusionner et dedoubler le texte a tous les niveaux : personnages, lieux, situations, au point qu’il devient legitime d’inserer la poesie et les recits romanesques de Laâbi, dans la litterature fantastique. Et pas uniquement… Abstract: This article seeks to showcase the oral aesthetics deployed by the poet Abdellatif Laâbi. It is not possible to address the work of the poet by focusing only on the content he tackles or the position he takes within Morocco’s social debates. Laâbi has forged a twofold textual type of writing, where orality has a preponderant role. In Laâbi’s work, the written French, for which the Latin alphabet is used, is molded through orality. That means that each French word, said out loud, is going to create another word that provides the sonorous image of the Arabic language. Thus, there are two overlapping texts: a written one and an oral one; whatever is said in French will be heard in Arabic. It is the projection of orality onto graphical symbols and vice versa that either makes for confronted or reconciled meanings. As a result, this strategy concerns not only the words, but ends up mixing and doubling the text at all levels: characters, places, and situations, to the extent where it becomes legitimate to consider Laâbi’s poetry and fiction as fantastic literature. And not only that…

Résumé L’objectif principal de cet article est de rendre compte, du point de vue de la démographie, de la transformation du discours néolibéral sur l’immigration dans le contexte de la crise économique en Europe. Pour ce faire, l’article analyse, outre les sources secondaires pertinentes, les rapports annuels sur les risques globaux que le World Economic Forum a parrainé depuis 2006 jusqu’en 2015, afin de mesurer l’évolution d’un discours qui forge la perception des évolutions démographiques, et parmi elles la migration considérée comme un des risques majeurs à identifier, gérer et contrôler pour assurer une gouvernance mondiale. L’étude de ces rapports montre d’abord l’importance grandissante et dramatique que prend l’évo-lution démographique – à la fois en volume et en structure – au fur et à mesure de l’enfoncement dans la récession économique. Ensuite, la conception des migrations a connu un changement radical, présentées d’abord comme un problème puis comme une solution. Enfin, le discours néolibéral sur la gouvernance exprimée dans les mêmes termes que la gestion d’entreprise fait une nouvelle interprétation du concept de «résilience» et l’applique à des populations spécifiques. Abstract The chief aim of this article is to give an account, from the standpoint of demography, of the transformation of neoliberal discourse on immigration since the onset of the economic crisis in Europe. The Global Risks reports published by the World Economic Forum from 2006 through to 2015 are analysed here, together with pertinent secondary sources, in order to gauge changes in a type of discourse that has been shaping perceptions of the evolution of population and, among related phenomena, migration as a major risk to be identified, managed and monitored in order to ensure global governance. Study of the reports shows, first, a progressive emphasis on demographic evolution as problematic – in terms of both volume and structure – as the economic recession has worsened. Second, the conceptualisation of migration has simultaneously undergone radical change in which it went from being a problem to becoming a solution. Finally, neoliberal discourse on governability, expressed in terms of business management, has reinterpreted the concept of «resilience» and applied it to specific populations.

Homework which encourages children to extend learning in areas they are particularly interested in can support progress in class and forge links with parents.

[Resumen] Este artículo es una continuación y ampliación de una propuesta que formulé en 2009, y se plantea si —y cómo— los Estados Unidos pueden apartarse de su actual sistema de regulación de la inmigración punitivo, cuasi-penal y de exigencia dura de su cumplimiento. ¿Es posible para los Estados Unidos y sus vecinos acercarse a un sistema de protección de los refugiados y otros migrantes irregulares del resto de las Américas, modelado sobre el concepto de «libertad de circulación» de la Unión Europea? Si es así, ¿a qué debería parecerse dicho sistema? Permitiendo a todos los ciudadanos de una «Unión Americana» el derecho a viajar, vivir, y trabajar en América del Norte, sin los peligros inherentes al actual sistema de fronteras militarizadas de Estado-nación, ¿se forjarían nuevas y más fuertes alianzas entre los Estados Unidos, Canadá y México? ¿Puede —y debería— dicha «Unión Americana» expandirse más allá de los Estados-nación de América del Norte, para incluir el resto de las Américas, así como los ciudadanos América Central y América del Sur? [Abstract] This article is a continuation and expansion of the proposal I put forth in 2009, and asks if —and how— the United States can move away from its current punitive, quasi-criminal, enforcement-heavy system of immigration regulation. Is it possible for the United States and its neighbors to move toward a system of protection for refugees and other irregular migrants from the rest of the Americas modeled on the European Union’s concept of «Freedom of Movement»? If so, what would such a system look like? Would allowing all citizens of an «American Union» the right to travel, live, and work in North America without the dangers inherent in the current nation-state system of militarized borders forge new and stronger alliances between the United States, Canada, and Mexico? Can —and should— such an «American Union» be expanded beyond the nation-states of North America to include the rest of the Americas and the citizens of Central and South America?

Reliability of the press is a fundamental condition for the smooth operation of the forge. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct periodic checks on the condition of the machine. The paper presents points of stand for different types of presses that are experiencing the greatest stress concentrations, and where it is to be expected destruction. For one extremely stressed point presents a design solution for the removal dangerous stress.

La cultura es el medio por el cual se le transmite al individuo valores sociales y se fortalece su actitud para la toma de decisiones al momento de emprender acciones importantes para su vida. La participación de la familia, su formación educativa y el interés del gobierno para poder desarrollar nuevos emprendimientos innovadores son los aportes que se esperan alcanzar para contribuir al desarrollo local. Desde este punto de vista, es necesario identificar cuáles son las barreras que se presentan en la formación del bachiller a la hora de emprender. Las instituciones educativas son las llamadas a encaminar las potencialidades individuales y a forjar la iniciativa emprendedora. Los estudios realizados sobre la iniciativa emprendedora de los bachilleres muestran debilidad. El objetivo de ésta investigación determinó qué aspectos influyen en un adolescente al momento de generar ideas de negocio, en el cantón Portoviejo. En la investigación se utilizó el método teórico y dentro de este el método descriptivo para describir la cultura emprendedora y la importancia de la participación de los adolescentes. La aplicación del método analítico permitió analizar los resultados obtenidos a través de la aplicación de encuestas. El método sintético orientó la redacción de las conclusiones y su discusión. El artículo por consiguiente concluye que el entorno cultural emprendedor de los jóvenes bachilleres si influye en la decisión al momento de emprender. Palabras Claves: Emprendimiento, emprendedurismo, innovación, educación, desarrollo local. Abstract: The entrepreneurial culture to generate business in adolescents Culture is the means by which is transmitted to the individual social values and its attitude for decision-making is strengthened at the time of important actions for their life. The participation of the family, its educational background and the interest of the Government to develop innovative start-ups are the contributions that are expected to achieve to contribute to local development. From this point of view, it is necessary to identify what are the barriers that arise in the formation of the Bachelor at the time of launch. Educational institutions are called to steer the individual potential and to forge entrepreneurial initiative. Studies on the entrepreneurship of the Bachelors show weakness. The objective of this research determined which aspects influence in an adolescent at the time of generating business ideas, at Portoviejo city. In the research was used the theoretical method and within itself the descriptive method to describe the entrepreneurial culture and the importance of the participation of adolescents. The application of the analytical method allowed analysis of the results obtained through the applications of surveys. The synthetic method oriented to the drafting of the implementation of surveys. The synthetic method oriented to the drafting of the conclusions and discussion. The article therefore focuses on analyze if entrepreneurial cultural environment of the young high schoolers influences the decision at the time of launch. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, business adventure, innovation, education, local development

In the present work, a comparative study on the wear behavior of cast aged and forge aged A356 alloy has been investigated without and with the addition of grain refiner and modifier, under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine. The comparison study reveals that tribological properties of A356 materials are highly influenced by T6 heat treatment process. It is found in the present study that, cast aged A356 materials possess higher wear resistance as compared to forge aged materials. Apart from this, the study also reveals that cast aged material is associated with lower frictional forces and coefficient of friction as compared to the forge aged category. It is further observed in the present investigation that abrasive wear mechanism is operative in both the categories of the materials when tested with lower load for lower sliding speed and lower distance of run. At higher values of external parameters the adhesive wear mechanism dominates the wear process. Lower values of wear properties recorded by the forge aged material are an unexpected result in the present studies. It is conceived to be due to the presence of micro cracks while forging.

espanolEste trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar aquellas «exigenciaspoliticas» que justifican la conveniencia de reformar laConstitucion de 1978 y su perimetro. Al mismo tiempo, se reconoceranaquellos factores politicos que cuestionan la viabilidad de esteproyecto. Por ultimo, se advertiran los riesgos aparejados a la faltade reforma constitucional y se propondra una reforma «serena» y«prudente» como antidoto frente a su envejecimiento y, especialmente,como ocasion para forjar una necesaria concordia politicaque refuerce la funcion de integracion de la Constitucion ante la actualcrisis.This paper aims to study those «political demands»that justify the convenience of reforming the Constitution of 1978and to analyse the perimeter of the reforms. At the same time, it rec-ognizes political factors that question the viability of this project. Finally,the paper warns of the risks associated with the lack of constitutionalreform. A «sober» and «wise» reform will be presented as anantidote to the aging of the Constitution and, especially, as an occasionto forge the political concord which it is necessary so as to reinforcethe role of integration of the Constitution besides the currentcrisis. EnglishThis paper aims to study those «political demands»that justify the convenience of reforming the Constitution of 1978and to analyse the perimeter of the reforms. At the same time, it rec-ognizes political factors that question the viability of this project. Finally,the paper warns of the risks associated with the lack of constitutionalreform. A «sober» and «wise» reform will be presented as anantidote to the aging of the Constitution and, especially, as an occasionto forge the political concord which it is necessary so as to reinforcethe role of integration of the Constitution besides the currentcrisis.Este trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar aquellas «exigenciaspoliticas» que justifican la conveniencia de reformar laConstitucion de 1978 y su perimetro. Al mismo tiempo, se reconoceranaquellos factores politicos que cuestionan la viabilidad de esteproyecto. Por ultimo, se advertiran los riesgos aparejados a la faltade reforma constitucional y se propondra una reforma «serena» y«prudente» como antidoto frente a su envejecimiento y, especialmente,como ocasion para forjar una necesaria concordia politicaque refuerce la funcion de integracion de la Constitucion ante la actualcrisis.

This contribution proposes an optimization of material flow by means of modernizing of forging lines - type induction furnace / crank forging press / trimming press. The basis of design of forging line treatment is placement of hydraulic shear machine for shearing of heated bar to semi-products before respective forging of forged pieces. This method helped to remove previous redundant workplace for semi-products preparation, which causes reduction of technologic operations and substantial decrease of material flow in die forge. Proposed variant of material flow optimization brings economic profit by means of reduction of production times and fuels costs intended for pallets transport. Given save will be interesting for die forges as it contains also calculation of logistical effect.

In this paper, using the analogy of the cinematic quick-cut and comparison to the contemporary Column of Trajan, I examine Tacitus’s vivid use of sudden transition and its effect on the reader of the Annales . I sub divide the quick-cut into three categories of “narrative,” “collision,” and “attraction,” each of which compels the reader to forge the deep narrative of Tacitus’s Annales . Through his adroit use of the quick-cut, Tacitus is able to construct a deep narrative “secret history” that trumps both logic and the surface historical “facts.”

Focusing on Hemingway’s experience before his Lost Generation years, this essay examines the gendered implications of “road food” in some of the Nick Adams stories and looks at how local culinary knowledge can forge both male autonomy and friendships, aiding survival in a world where, as Nick says in “The Battler,” “you got to be tough.”

The Eaton’s Santa Claus parade in Toronto emerged as form of “commercial spectacle,” forged in the decades after the First World War, that blended older and newer forms of popular culture with the changing dynamics of family, audience, community, and commerce. Although it was a local event, its creators were part of a network of parade-makers in the big cities of North America, who shared ideas and drew upon the same cultural forms. With the advent of television, the Santa Claus parade reached a wider audience across the country. In between the parade’s local performance and its Canadian audience lies the creation of a metropolitan spectacle, a local event that not only synthesized international ideas and fit into larger networks of cultural producers, but also had broader reach, projecting power and influence outward to a vast economic and cultural space. La parade du pere Noel d’Eaton s’est transformee en « spectacle commercial », forge au fil des decennies qui ont suivi la Premiere Guerre mondiale, alliant des formes plus anciennes et plus modernes de culture populaire a la dynamique changeante de la famille, du public, de la collectivite et du commerce. Meme s’il s’agissait d’un evenement local, ses createurs faisaient partie d’un reseau d’organisateurs de parades, s’etendant aux grandes villes d’Amerique du Nord, nourrissant les memes idees et s’inspirant des memes formes culturelles. L’avenement de la television a permis a la parade du pere Noel d’atteindre un auditoire plus vaste a l’echelle du pays. Entre sa production locale et son auditoire canadien repose le berceau d’un spectacle metropolitain, d’un evenement local qui, en plus d’etre le creuset d’idees venues d’ailleurs et de se rallier a de plus vastes reseaux de producteurs culturels, jouissait d’un plus grand rayonnement, brillant de sa puissance et de son influence sur un vaste espace economique et culturel.

espanolVenancio Fortunato fue un vir italus, nacido cerca de Treviso (ca. 530-540), que se convirtio en un modelo de comportamiento para las elites del siglo VI. En su travesia como poeta “itinerante” por los territorios merovingios, conto con su formacion retorico-literaria para relacionarse con soberanos, aristocratas, hombres y mujeres de la Iglesia. De los carmina dedicados a numerosos clerigos, analizaremos algunos compuestos a Leoncio de Bordeaux, Felix de Nantes y Gregorio de Tours, que demuestran la capacidad de Fortunato para forjar relaciones de amicitia en diversos planos politicos, a la vez que se exhiben como un “observatorio” privilegiado de la transicion entre el Tardoantiguo y el Medioevo. EnglishVenantius Fortunatus was a vir italus, born near in Treviso (ca. 530-540 AD), who became a model of behavior for the elites of the sixth century. In his journey as an “itinerant” poet through the Merovingian territories, he counted on his rhetorical-literary training to relate with sovereigns, aristocrats, men and women of the Church. About the Carmina dedicated to numerous clerics, we will analyze some compounds to Leontius of Bordeaux, Felix of Nantes and Gregorius of Tours, they which demonstrate the ability of Fortunatus to forge amicitia’ relations at various political levels, while being exhibited as an “observatory” privileged of the transition between the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Focusing on a �rebellion� of an 18th century guild of mine thieves in Potosi, the repaper highlights the significance of category�transgressing peoples in the crisis of the late colony. Just as espanoles criolios began to prepare their rebellion laagainst Spain, and to forge a new concept of nation wedded to a state founded on popular sovereignty, older colonial distinctions based on differences of nacion gave way to full fledged racial catogeries A major impetus for for these innovations, I argue, was the danger to colonial regimes of privileged posed by the 18th century hybridity peoples like Q 'aqchas.

La tradition industrielle de la région de Chaumont est celle de la forge, à l’image notamment de la ville de Nogent, qui s’était précocement spécialisée dans la coutellerie et surtout la cisellerie. Cet artisanat n’a toutefois pas réussi à s’adapter et s’est engagé dans un long mouvement de repli dès la fin du XIXe siècle, au point de compter moins de cent emplois aujourd’hui. Les forgerons ont toutefois alimenté, dès l’après-guerre, un puissant mouvement de réorientation structurelle vers les instruments de chirurgie, puis les implants chirurgicaux (prothèses articulaires). L’article décrit et analyse cette mutation de long terme en insistant sur le rôle des entreprises et les dynamiques territoriales à l’œuvre dans cette région de faible densité, mais marquée par l’industrie. Il réfléchit aussi aux caractéristiques fonctionnelles de cette industrie locale en s’interrogeant notamment sur la notion de cluster, en liaison avec la présence ici du cluster Nogentech. The industrial tradition of the Chaumont’ region is that of the forge, like in Nogent, which had early specialized itself in cutlery and more particularly in scissors manufacturing. This powerful craft industry nevertheless failed to adapt and has been engaged in a long movement of decline from the late nineteenth century, as to have less than a hundred jobs today. After the war, blacksmiths however fueled a strong structural shift movement to surgical instruments and surgical implants (artificial prosthesis). The article describes and analyzes this long-term change, by emphasizing the role of enterprises and territorial dynamics at work in this low density area, but marked by the industry. It also reflects the functional characteristics of this local industry by questioning in particular the concept of clusters, in conjunction with the presence here of the Nogentech cluster.

La pequeña y mediana empresa en su gran mayoría es de propiedad de parientes y amigos quienes forjan una idea e inician una actividad empresarial en pequeña escala y en el corto plazo constituyen un pilar fundamental del sistema económico de los países y naturalmente del nuestro. Cuando no existe una clara distinción entre la empresa y la familia se dan frecuentes conflictos entre miembros familiares, y entre ellos y el resto del personal; provocando el incumplimiento de funciones, responsabilidades, horarios, retribución económica de los miembros de la empresa no acorde al trabajo realizado, etc. Otro punto es la obligación de continuar con costumbres y normas familiares particulares y poco empresariales. La empresa familiar la “Casa del Pan” ha crecido en el transcurso de los años, tanto en número de personal como en infraestructura. La contratación del personal la realiza el dueño de la empresa sin considerar las fases de selección, reclutamiento e inducción, el grado de habilidades o destrezas del aspirante para aplicar en el puesto, esto se lo hace de manera empírica, injustificada y en exceso, sin tener claro las actividades a realizar o son ocupados en diferentes tareas, ocasionando descontentos y malos entendidos en el personal.AbstractThe small and medium enterprises is mostly owned by relatives and friends who forge an idea and start a business on a small scale and in the short term constitute a cornerstone of the economic system of the countries and naturally ours. When there is no clear distinction between the company and the family frequent conflicts occur between family members and between them and the rest of the staff; causing a breach of duties, responsibilities, schedules, financial compensation for members of the company not commensurate to the work done, etc. Another point is the obligation to continue with customs and standards and little private family business. The family company "House of Bread" has grown over the years, both numbers of staff and infrastructure. Staff recruitment is done by the owner of the company without considering the phases of selection, recruitment and induction, the degree of abilities and skills of the applicant to apply for the job, this is what makes empirical, unjustified and excessive, without be clear about the activities undertaken or are engaged in different tasks, causing discontent and misunderstanding on staff.

Este estudio se preocupa por explorar la existencia de un cuerpo teórico referente a la universalización de los pensamientos y tendencias históricas, que recae de manera triunfante sobre la civilización occidental. El cuerpo de doctrinas y legados de tipo cultural y legal propias de una civilización se transmiten y adaptan en diversos lugares del mundo, hasta tomar la forma de una civilización universal. La civilización islámica está formada por una serie de referentes simbólicos y relaciones cognitivas autónomos, que más allá de adaptarse o moldearse a una realidad cultural e histórica, también son proponentes materiales que coadyuvan a forjar esta civilización. La carga de significados, conceptos y símbolos intercivilizatorios generan flujos y reflujos que enfatizan la necesidad de relaciones sociales internacionales, por diversos medios, principalmente el de la juridicidad. En este ensayo se pretende traslucir la relación entre el derecho y la religión funcional, la religión profesada en derecho, y el derecho predicador de la religión. La fundación de una comunidad autónoma de derecho islámico será tratada dentro de la matriz jurídico-política y entreverá la cuestión religiosa como creadora y fuente del derecho, a la vez que trasciende hacia una comunidad más amplia, universal.

Alan Lipman looks at the attempt to forge appropriate local architectures in post-apartheid South Africa and the efforts to involve local communities in this activity.

Luis Sainz-Pardo didn't realise how different his experience of working as a vet in the UK was until he returned home to Spain, and subsequently travelled throughout Europe. Now, he uses his understanding of veterinary diversity to forge a varied, interesting and international career path within the profession.