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Tricobezoar é uma formação de pelos ou cabelos com origem gastrointestinal decorrente da ingestão dos mesmos. Sua ocorrência é incomum em cães, o que pode indicar algum distúrbio de comportamento caso venha a se formar. O cão em questão apresentava o hábito de lamber o chão como forma de diminuir sua ansiedade, uma vez que passava a maior parte do tempo sozinho, sem distrações. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mostrar a ocorrência de um tricobezoar gástrico em um cão e o tratamento que foi instituído. Ao exame clínico notou-se uma área com bastante rigidez na região epigástrica. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns da presença de tricobezoar são: vômito, anorexia, caquexia e caso não seja diagnosticado rapidamente pode levar ao rompimento gástrico e/ou intestinal. Com base nisso foi solicitado um exame ultrassonográfico o qual constatou-se alterações condizentes com corpo estranho gástrico. O animal foi encaminhado para laparotomia exploratória e ao se fazer a gastrotomia constatou-se a presença de um tricobezoar composto por cabelo humano. Por fim, este trabalho teve como conclusão que o transtorno de ansiedade apresentado pelo cachorro levou à formação do corpo estranho e que é necessária uma reeducação comportamental com enriquecimento de ambiente e passeios diários a fim de amenizar as chances de ocorrer uma reincidência do caso.

It is widely accepted that the use of topical sunscreens has medical importance with potential to prevent skin damage by protecting from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effects. Pharmaceutical emulsions require an optimal qualitative and quantitative combination of emollients, emulsifiers and others compounds such as softening agents and, for sunscreens, a combination of chemical and physical UV filters. Herein, we applied the quality by design (QbD) concept to achieve stable and effective compounded sunscreen emulsions. By using the statistical tool of design of experiments, it was possible to identify the influence of emulsifier type (with low and high Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) and concentrations of emollient and softening agent on the achievement of formulations with suitable organoleptic and physicochemical features. Compounded emulsions with pleasant macroscopic aspects were obtained. Three formulations with physicochemical properties in targeted ranges were selected, namely pH ∼6.0, conductivity > 0.0 µS/cm2, spreadability factor ∼1-1.5 g/mm2, viscosity ∼12000 mPa.s and sunscreen protection factor ∼30. Freeze-thaw cycle and accelerated stability study under different storage conditions allowed selecting a stable emulsion that ensured photoprotection in biological assays. The QbD approach was essential to select the best, low-cost compounded sunscreen emulsion, with targeted physicochemical parameters.

A captura, imobilização ou anestesia segura e efetiva de animais selvagens, como os macacos pregos (Sapajus libidinosus), geralmente é necessária para pesquisa e manejo, como também procedimentos cirúrgicos e diagnósticos, e dentre as espécies neotropicais, é a que apresenta maior distribuição geográfica. O gênero vem sendo utilizado em diversas pesquisas, dada a sua proximidade filogenética com a espécie humana, servindo de modelo biológico em experimentos aplicados a essa espécie. Há uma variedade de protocolos anestésicos utilizados para que a captura e o manuseio de macacos pregos seja realizada de modo simples e seguro. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a utilização da associação de dexmedetomidina, cetamina, morfina e midazolam para a contenção química de oito macacos-prego adultos, submetidos a dois procedimentos cirúrgicos, vasectomia nos machos e laqueadura das trompas eletivas nas femêas, tendo como meta estabelecer um protocolo de imobilização e contenção química segura e eficaz para a espécie. Durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram monitorados os parâmetros fisiológicos de frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, oximetria de pulso e temperatura retal de oito macacos prego. Ao término das cirurgias, os animais receberam atipamezole por via intramuscular. O protocolo utilizado demonstrou-se seguro e eficaz para contenção química de macacos-prego submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos distintos permitindo reversão dos efeitos farmacológicos ao término da cirurgia.

A questão-título do artigo parte da premissa filosófica agambeniana para pensar o que pode ser apontado como novo nos processos de institucionalização de coleções privadas de arte contemporânea no Brasil e quais contribuições estão sendo feitas para o desenvolvimento do sistema da arte. Para tanto, dados coletados em uma tese de doutoramento que investiga as repercussões sociais e artísticas dessa tipologia de instituições são cruzados com outra pesquisa organizada em metodologia qualiquantitativa e trabalho de campo que identificou colecionadoras e colecionadores nas cinco regiões do País. As pesquisas adotam a modelagem conceitual do sistema da arte como ambiente no qual as narrativas artísticas são tramadas em um complexo arranjo de fatores histórico-conjunturais, colocando em permanente confronto seus limites e noções. São abordadas as estratégias de institucionalização, suas escalas heterogêneas de atuação e o papel que desempenham, marcando a configuração e o funcionamento de diferentes modelos adotados para dar visibilidade e legitimação a coleções em um país de dimensão continental e identidades culturais multifacetadas

O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de desvio portossistêmico (shunt) em um canino, macho, com dois meses de idade. Após dados sobre a anamnese, sinais clínicos, exame clínico e complementar, chegou-se ao diagnóstico de desvio portossistêmico intra-hepático. A ultrassonografia abdominal com Doppler foi fundamental para o diagnóstico, onde foi possível visualizar a presença de vaso anômalo entre artéria hepática e veia porta. Durante o protocolo terapêutico de estabilização do paciente para posterior correção cirúrgica, o animal veio a óbito.

A mudança inesperada no convívio social a nível mundial se deve à situação de alerta proposta pelos órgãos de saúde pública, a qual é quase unânime entre os cientistas e pesquisadores da área epidemiológica por não haver uma forma definitiva e segura de frear a disseminação do SARS-CoV-2, e veem como única medida preventiva e eficaz o isolamento social. Este artigo tem como objetivo interpretar o contexto atual de pandemia do COVID 19, considerando o ano de 2020 como um grande marco histórico mundial, devido à emergência de saúde pública global. Para isso, busca-se analisar o permanente estado de crise em que vivemos, apontando as consequências da quarentena nas relações sociais na região de fronteira São Borja - Brasil com Santo Tomé – Argentina; os desafios do cenário atual e pós pandemia mundial. Salienta-se que será necessário repensar a organização da vida em sociedade, e as relações com a natureza, social, política e econômica, pois caso contrário, o estado de crise em que vivemos dilatará ainda mais o fosso desigual no cenário pós pandemia mundial.

Endophytic fungi have been highlight in the production of secondary metabolites with different bioactive properties, such as in the production of the antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the objective of this work was the extraction of the antioxidant compounds from the biomass of Diaporthe schini using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) without and with ethanol as cosolvent. The biomass was produced by submerged fermentation and the parameters evaluated in the extraction process were: pressure (150–250 bar), temperature (40–60 oC) and cosolvent [biomass: cosolvent ratio, 1:0, 1:0.75 and 1:1.5 (w/v)]. Extraction yield, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the extracts were determined. The highest extraction yield (3.24 wt.%) and the best antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (96.62%) were obtained at 40 oC, 250 bar and biomass:cosolvent ratio of 1:1.5 (w/v). The chemical compounds 1,4-diaza-2,5-dioxo-3-isobutyl bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane and benzeneethanol identified in GC/MS could be responsible for the antioxidant activity found in this study.

de Brito, E, Teixeira, AdO, Righi, NC, Paulitcth, FdS, da Silva, AMV, and Signori, LU. Vitamins C and E associated with cryotherapy in the recovery of the inflammatory response after resistance exercise: A randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The objective of this research was to compare the effects of cryotherapy associated with vitamins (C and E) on the recovery of the inflammatory response from the resistance exercise (RE) session of untrained volunteers. Fourteen subjects (26.2 ± 5 years old, 25.8 ± 3 kg·m) underwent 4 sessions of RE with different forms of recovery. The RE consisted of 4 sets of 10 maximal repetitions for each exercise (extensor bench, squat, and leg press). The recoveries were randomized and comprised the passive (control), with vitamins C (1 g) and E (800 UI) supplementation 40 minutes before exercise, with cryotherapy (immersion in water 15° C for 10 minutes), and the association (vitamins and cryotherapy). Hemogram, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and creatine kinase [CK]), and parameters of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation [LPO] and antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl) were evaluated before (baseline) and after (0, 30, and 120 minutes) the RE sessions. Muscle pain (primary outcome) was evaluated 24 hours after exercise. C-reactive protein (p = 0.010) and LPO (p < 0.001) increased (120 minutes) only in passive recovery. Recovery with cryotherapy (30 minutes), with vitamins and the association (0 and 30 minutes) delayed increases in CK (p < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl increased (30 minutes) only in recovery with the association (p < 0.011). The pain decreased in the recoveries with cryotherapy and association (p < 0.001). The association of vitamins (C and E) with cryotherapy attenuated the inflammatory response and pain, favoring recovery after an acute RE session.

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica nacional a importância do aleitamento materno exclusivo na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa, com abordagem qualitativa e coleta de dados nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e no Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, utilizando os descritores “Aleitamento Materno” and “RecémNascido” and “Primeira Hora”. A busca resultou em 40 artigos, dos quais sete foram selecionados para a análise. Resultados: O leite materno é fundamental para o desenvolvimento saudável do recémnascido e a amamentação também é benéfica à mãe. Os fatores limitadores dessa prática foram a assistência restrita às normas da instituição hospitalar, o parto cesáreo, a não realização do pré-natal e a falta de incentivo ao alojamento conjunto. Conclusão: a amamentação na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido constitui-se em um desafio, sendo imprescindível capacitação profissional para estímulo ao ato e o aprimoramento das políticas de promoção, proteção e apoio à amamentação para enfrentar seus fatores limitadores.

Background : Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms originating from fibroblasts that are normally located in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and adjacent to bones. The main treatment for fibrosarcoma is surgery. The removal of large neoplasms from dogs’ limbs usually leads to the formation of large skin defects, often preventing primary occlusion and thus requiring reconstructive surgery to close the wound. This paper reports on the surgical procedure and postoperative complications pursuant to the excision of a fibrosarcoma in the right forelimb and reconstruction with a full-thickness autologous graft in a dog. Case : We report a case of a 12-year-old Brazilian mastiff presenting a nodule located in the distal segment of the right forelimb, which had grown over a 2-year period. Blood and imaging tests were performed, which showed no changes and excluded the possibility of metastasis. The cytological examination was suggestive of a mesenchymal neoplasm. The patient underwent tumor excision surgery followed by reconstructive surgery with a full-thickness autologous graft to close the defect. The neoplasm was excised by means of a circular geometric figure incision using a 3 cm margin. The defect resulting from removal of the tumor was kept constantly moistened and wrapped in surgical compresses until grafting was performed. The graft was harvested from the region of the right flank based on a surgical field mold taken from the recipient bed. After harvesting the graft, all the subcutaneous tissue was removed until the hair follicles were visible. Fenestrations were then made throughout the entire graft and it was placed in the recipient bed and closed with 4-0 nylon using simple interrupted sutures. After the surgical procedure, the graft was covered with a water-based lubricating gel and bandaged, and the limb was immobilized. Cephalexin, meloxicam, tramadol and dipyrone were used as postoperative medications. The bandage was changed every 72 h. The postoperative complications observed involved the formation of seroma, infection and necrosis of the graft, which was removed and debrided on the 9th postoperative day. The defect generated after removal of the graft was treated using hydrocolloid dressings, which were changed every 5 days. Seven changes of the hydrocolloid dressings were required to ensure complete closure of the defect. A histopathological examination of the neoplasia revealed that it was a fibrosarcoma. Discussion : Fibrosarcomas are neoplasms with a low degree of malignancy, which metastasize only in an advanced stage of the disease. Treatment consists of surgical resection with a wide safety margin. Full-thickness skin grafts include the epidermis and the entire dermis and are applied to cover major defects in flexor surfaces and defects in distal extremities. The main reasons for skin graft failure are separation between the graft and the recipient bed, infection and movement. The formation of seroma mechanically separates the graft from its bed, impairing nutrition and revascularization. Hydrocolloids, which are flexible and highly absorbent membranes composed of pectin, gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose, are useful in treating a variety of wounds. The complications that occurred in this case are consistent with others reported in the literature. The treatment of the open wound with hydrocolloid dressings proved to be quite satisfactory, allowing for complete healing of the wound.

Esta Ponte poderia estar em condicoes de uso melhores, se manutencoes preventivas estivessem sido realizadas, porem infelizmente este tipo de manutencao sao raras no Brasil, visto que as preocupacoes com essas estruturas so comecam a existir com aparecimentos de sintomas das manifestacoes patologicas das estruturas

Amoxicillin (AMX) is a widely used penicillin-type antibiotic whose presence in the environment has been investigated. In this work, the degradation of the AMX in aqueous solutions by ozonation, ozonation with UV radiation (O

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [CNPq 303422/2015-7]

The aim of this work was the production of bioactive metabolites by submerged fermentation from the fungus Diaporthe schini, followed by their extraction, separation and characterization. Different solvents (methanol, dichloromethane and hexane) were used for the extraction of metabolites from the fermentation broth and the extracts obtained were evaluated by in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The separation and characterization of the extract from the hexane extraction was performed by column chromatography and GC-MS, respectively. The extracts had a great inhibitory action on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, on the Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the fungus Candida krusei. The main metabolites produced were: 13-docosenamide, (Z)-; 2-hexadecene, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl; 9-octadecenamide and 11-octadecenoic acid. Studies related to the antibacterial and antifungal activities of metabolites extracted from microorganisms are found in the literature. However, works about the identification of metabolites produced by submerged fermentation from Diaporthe schini were not found until the present moment. This work is an initial study where the conditions of the process can be optimized by looking for the production of a specific compound and can be a promising source for obtaining new drugs.

O presente trabalho analisa a construção da identidade do professor-autor-formador em um contexto acadêmico de indução à prática docente, à reflexão continuada sobre as práticas e ao registro escrito de atividades pedagógicas visando a promover o diálogo e a troca de conhecimentos com os pares e a comunidade profissional mais ampla. Desde uma perspectiva de formação de professores como uma prática social emergente das interações entre professores (NÓVOA, 1995; PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, 1995; GARCEZ; SCHLATTER, 2017; COSTA, 2018), são descritos eventos de formação em que duas professoras negociam a criação de uma unidade didática e a apresentação dos materiais em um evento acadêmico. Ao construir a identidade de professoras-autoras-formadoras, as participantes constituíram um repertório de trajetórias paradigmáticas (WENGER, 1998) a partir da investigação de suas práticas pedagógicas e do estabelecimento de parcerias em coautoria, atividades que constituem letramentos acadêmico-profissionais valorizados nas comunidades de prática em que participam.

This study investigates the mineralization efficiency, i.e. removal of total organic carbon (TOC) in hospital wastewater by direct ozonation, ozonation with UV radiation (O3/UV), homogeneous cataly...

Para se empreender na Universidade ou fora dela, é necessário ter vontade de fazer algo diferente, envolvendo-se com projetos desafiadores que ajudam a vislumbrar novos horizontes no âmbito pessoal e profissional. Com base nisso, o presente trabalho discutirá as atividades realizadas pelos membros do Centro Acadêmico de Química (CAQui) da UFV e as contribuições delas na formação dos graduandos. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com vinte e sete estudantes do curso de Química da UFV, divididos em três grupos: (I) os que nunca se envolveram com as atividades do CAQui; (II) os membros recém-ingressos no CAQui; e (III) os ex-membros do CAQui. As respostas foram transcritas e analisadas com base nas discussões das habilidades relativas ao empreendedorismo, tais como iniciativa, persistência, criatividade, eficiência, comprometimento, planejamento e trabalho em equipe. Considerando que a maioria das disciplinas curriculares não contribuem para o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, dado o caráter técnico de muitas delas, buscou-se compreender aqui como as atividades do CAQui podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de habilidades com o foco no empreendedorismo universitário. Ao final da pesquisa, verificou-se que todos os participantes envolvidos com o CAQui avaliam que tiveram a oportunidade de desenvolver habilidades profissionais nas diversas atividades articuladas pelo Centro Acadêmico. To be an entrepreneur in or outside the University, you must have the desire to do something different, engaging with challenging projects that help to perceive new horizons in personal and professional level. Thereby, this paper will discuss the activities of the members of Chemistry Academic Students'Association of UFV (CAQui) and the contributions of them in the training of graduate students. To this end, interviews were conducted with twenty-seven undergraduate students of Chemistry at UFV, divided into three groups: (i) those who have never been involved with the activities of CAQui; (ii) the new members at CAQui; and (iii) ex members of CAQui. The answers of students were transcribed and analyzed based on the discussions of the skills related to entrepreneurship, such as initiative, persistence, creativity, efficiency, commitment, planning and teamwork. Whereas most of the disciplines does not contribute to the development of these skills, considering the technical nature of many of them, the main objective was to understand how the CAQui activities can foster the development of skills with a focus on university entrepreneurship. At the end of this research, it was found that the participants involved in the CAQui had the opportunity to develop professional skills for involvement in the various activities coordinated by the Academic Center.

Introduction: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a valuable resource in the treatment of spastic patterns. Objectives: Evaluate the acute effect of FES on physical and functional variables of the spastic upper limb and its association with respiratory variables. Methods: Nineteen patients received placebo inter - vention (on the sensory threshold) and FES (f=30 Hz, pulse width=0.3 ms, 30 min) in the spastic limb (secondary to stroke) on different days. Before the interven - tions, activities of daily living by the Barthel Index (BI), pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated. Before and after the interventions, sensory motor function by Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS) and movement amplitude were evaluated. Results : FES increased shoulder abduction and internal rotation, elbow extension and FMS. The maximum expiratory pressure was related to BI and shoulder flexion. Conclusions : The application of FES improved physical and functional variables of the spastic limb, which were associated with expira - tory muscle strength.

This study compared the thermal changes of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues exposed to different aerosols. Thirty-six adults Wistar rats were arranged in two treatment groups, one exposed to methyl salicylate (GSM; n = 9 skin and n = 9 subcutaneous) and the other exposed to diclofenac diethylammonium (GDD; n = 9 skin and n = 9 subcutaneous) aerosols. Five jets were applied for one-second through an apparatus to reduce spray dispersion (3 cmdiameter) in the lateral left thigh of the animals. Temperatures were measured every minute (min.) during 30 min., with a digital thermometer. In the skin tissue the sensor was positioned manually, in the subcutaneous tissue it was surgically inserted through the rear face and positioned in the lateral thigh. The skin temperature has homogeneously reduced in both groups. In the subcutaneous tissue the GDD has induced hypothermia from the 2 nd to 20 th min., the lowest temperature was recorded on the 7 th min. (-3.6 ± 0.2oC in relation to basal). Lowering the temperature by GSM took place from the 1 st to 21 st min, and the lowest temperature occurred on the 1 st min (-9.7 ± 0.5oC in relation to basal). In the three initial minutes the GSM had temperatures 25, 10 and 5% lower than the GDD. Aerosols have induced hypothermia in the tissues, while the GSM has decreased faster and reached lower values of temperature shown in the subcutaneous tissue.

Aims To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional capacity and cardiometabolic markers in individuals prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, PEDro, CENTRAL, Scopus, LILACS database, and Clinical Trials from the inception to July 2017, included randomized clinical trials that compared the use of HIIT and MICT in prediabetes and T2D adults. The risk of bias was defined by Cochrane Handbook and quality of evidence by GRADE. Results From 818 relevant records, seven studies were included in systematic review (64 prediabetes and 120 T2D patients) and five with T2D were meta-analyzed. HIIT promoted significantly increased of 3.02 mL/kg/min (CI95% 1.42–4.61) of VO2max, measured for functional capacity, compared to MICT. No differences were found between two modalities of exercises considering the outcomes HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. Most of the studies presented unclear risk of bias, and low and very low quality of evidence. Conclusion HIIT induces cardiometabolic adaptations similar to those of MICT in prediabetes and T2D, and provides greater benefits to functional capacity in patients with T2D. PROSPERO: CRD42016047151.

Iron bioavailability seems to be regulated by vitamin A (VA) but the molecular events involved in this mechanism are not well understood. It is also known that retinoids mediate most of their function via interaction with retinoid receptors, which act as ligand-activated transcription factors controlling the expression of a number of target genes. Here, we evaluated the VA effects on the modulation of the levels of mRNA encoding proteins involved in the iron bioavailability, whether in the intestinal absorption process or in the liver iron metabolism. The expression of genes involved in iron intestinal absorption (divalent metal transporter 1, duodenal cytochrome B, ferroportin 1 FPN1, and ferritin) were evaluated in vitro by treating Caco-2 cells with retinoic acid or in vivo by observing the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in BALB/C mice. Liver hepcidin and ferritin mRNA levels were upregulated by VAD; however, this condition did not promote any change on the expression of those genes that participate in the iron absorption. Moreover, data from the in vitro analysis showed that VA induced FPN1 gene expression by a hepcidin-independent manner. Therefore, the in vivo results support the idea that VAD may not affect iron absorption but would rather affect iron mobilization mechanisms. On the other hand, our results using Caco-2 cells raises the possibility that VA addition to intestinal epithelium may improve iron absorption through the induction of FPN1 gene expression.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar clínica e radiograficamente pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da instabilidade anterior do ombro pela técnica de Bankart via artroscópica através da reconstrução com âncoras metálicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 49 pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico da instabilidade anterior do ombro no período de 2002 a 2007. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo escore de Carter-Rowe e pela classificação de Samilson e Prieto. A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 30 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 42,7 (variação de 18-74) meses. Oitenta e cinco porcento dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. RESULTADOS: A média do escore de Carter-Rowe foi de 83 (variação de 30-100) pontos, sendo 31 resultados excelentes, sete bons, três regulares e oito ruins. Reluxação foi observada em 16% (oito pacientes), sendo 37,5% desses de origem traumática. Degeneração articular esteve presente em 32,5% dos casos, com cinco casos grau 1, seis casos grau 2 e dois casos grau 3. A perda média de rotação externa foi de 12º e de 8º na elevação anterior. Houve relação estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) nas associações entre artrose e idade da primeira luxação, idade no tratamento cirúrgico e crepitação. Noventa e dois porcento dos pacientes relataram alto grau de satisfação com o procedimento. Dentre as complicações houve dois casos de ombro rígido, um paciente com proeminência do material de síntese e uma soltura de âncora. CONCLUSÃO: O reparo artroscópico da instabilidade anterior do ombro através do uso de âncoras metálicas é eficaz e apresenta baixos índices de complicações. OBJECTIVE: To clinically and radiologically evaluate patients who underwent arthroscopic surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability by means of the Bankart technique, using metal anchors. METHODS: This was a retrospective study on 49 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability between 2002 and 2007. The patients were evaluated using the Carter-Rowe score and the Samilson and Prieto classification. The mean age at the time of surgery was 30 years. The mean length of follow-up was 42.7 months (ranging from 18 to 74). 85% of the patients were male. RESULTS: The mean Carter-Rowe score was 83 points (ranging from 30 to 100) including 31 excellent results, 7 good, 3 fair and 8 poor. Recurrent dislocation was observed in 16% (8 patients), and 37.5% of them were of traumatic origin. Joint degeneration was present in 32.5% of the cases, including 5 cases of grade 1, 6 cases of grade 2 and 2 cases of grade 3. The average loss of external rotation was 12º and the loss of anterior elevation was 8º. There was a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between arthritis and age at first dislocation, age at surgery and crackling. 92% of the patients reported high degrees of satisfaction after the procedure. Among the complications, there were two cases of stiff shoulder, one patient with prominence of the synthesis material and one case of anchor loosening. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability using metal anchors was shown to be effective, with a low complication rate.

Este artigo foi estruturado a partir de pesquisa realizada com estudantes de 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental objetivando analisar sua percepção e práticas relacionadas aos problemas ambientais do lugar onde residem, estimular sua consciência ambiental e avaliar sua compreensão sobre aos problemas ambientais. Trata-se de estudo de caráter descritivo com abordagem quali/quantitativa, com 40 estudantes com idades entre 13 e 17 anos. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários aplicados aos alunos, bem como suas observações ambientais complementadas pelo registro em imagens fotográficas. A análise teórica contextualiza sinteticamente aspectos da questão ambiental atual, estabelecendo sua relação com o processo civilizatório contemporâneo, bem como com problemas sociais, históricos, culturais e legislação ambiental brasileira; aborda mecanismos que envolvem a percepção ambiental enfatizando o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Educação Ambiental. Realizou-se análise discursiva dos relatos dos estudantes procurando estabelecer interconexões entre seus processos perceptivos. Os participantes demonstraram clareza na percepção dos problemas ambientais à sua volta, através dos seus relatos e imagens fotográficas captadas do ambiente em observação. Demonstraram ter atitudes em relação à preservação do ambiente e preocupação quanto aos impactos ambientais devidos à ação humana, responsabilizando as pessoas pelos mesmos, bem como pelas mudanças necessárias para alcançar a sustentabilidade.

As complicações vasculares são a maior causa de morbimortalidade em pacientes com diabetes. Os mecanismos envolvidos no desenvolvimento das doenças micro e macrovasculares são complexos e parcialmente compreendidos, mas se iniciam invariavelmente por um endotélio que se torna disfuncionado. O óxido nítrico é um importante regulador da função endotelial e o comprometimento da sua atividade é fator determinante para a disfunção endotelial (DE). No diabetes tipo 1, diversos fatores, como a hiperglicemia aguda, mau controle glicêmico crônico, tempo de diagnóstico e presença de neuropatia autonômica ou microalbuminúria estão associados à DE. Tanto o estresse oxidativo, como a ativação da via dos polóis, via da proteína quinase C e formação dos produtos avançados de glicação não-enzimática são potenciais mecanismos patogenéticos da DE. A detecção precoce da disfunção endotelial tem valor prognóstico para o desenvolvimento de complicações vasculares e pode ser importante em estratégias de prevenção primária de eventos cardiovasculares no diabetes tipo 1.

Polyanionic collagen matrix prepared by hydrolysis side chain amides of asparagine and glutamine was mineralized in vivo, without inflammatory response, biodegradation, or resorption, with calcium phosphate deposited in close resemblance to the D-periodicity of collagen fibrils assembly. In vitro results with the same material produced mineralized collagen fibers with a similar morphology and chemical characteristics, suggesting that amide hydrolysis may have introduced into this matrix, signs for the controlled mineralization of collagen fiber. TEM indicated that amide hydrolysis occurred near the OVERLAP and GAP zones, as suggested by the significant reduction in inter-band distances in these regions. The lack of an inflammatory response associated to the similar mineralization pattern observed in vivo and in vitro suggests not only the biomimetic behavior of polyanionic collagen matrix, but also its potential uses as scaffold for bone tissue reconstruction. Based on these results, a model for the in vitro mineralization was also proposed.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies on autonomic balance in healthy volunteers. It is a case-control study, and was composed of fourteen healthy volunteers (5 women) with 28 (3.9) years old who underwent low (10 Hz 200ms -1 ) and high (100 Hz 200ms -1 ) frequency TENS. The interventions were randomized and applied for 30 minutes in the trajectory brachial nerve plexus from non-dominant member. Intensities were adjusted every 5 minutes and maintained below motor threshold. The autonomic balance was assessed before and after interventions by heart rate variability (HRV). TENS 10 Hz increased 10% sympathetic activity and decreased 10% parasympathetic activity; however, TENS 100 Hz showed opposite effects (p < 0.05). The sympatho-vagal balance increased with low frequency TENS and decreased with high frequency (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that different frequencies of TENS applied in the trajectory brachial nerve plexus modify cardiovascular autonomic responses. High frequency TENS reduces sympathetic activity and increases the parasympathetic, which favors beneficial effects on autonomic balance in healthy volunteers.

O trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e montagem de um sistema automatizado de controle de velocidade em malha fechada, aplicado a uma turbina hidráulica de fluxo cruzado, tipo Banki, para funcionamento como parte de uma Micro Central Hidrelétrica (MCH), em pequenos sistemas isolados. Uma vez verificados os parâmetros de operação do sistema partiu-se para o desenvolvimento da lógica do programa do controlador e desenvolvimento do transdutor de velocidade. Com a finalidade de validar o sistema desenvolvido, foi montada uma planta em laboratório, sendo aplicado o protótipo do sistema de controle a uma turbina. O sistema desenvolvido satisfez todos os critérios estabelecidos nos Procedimentos de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica no Sistema Elétrico Nacional (PRODIST), Módulo 8, da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o papel do bilhete orientador da reescrita em atividades pedagógicas escritas realizadas na sala de aula de línguas. Analisam-se aqui duas experiências envolvendo reescrita, que, apesar de estarem inseridas em contextos de ensino diferentes, apontam em uma mesma direção, já que tomam a atividade pedagógica escrita como um processo de interlocução que se estabelece entre professor e aluno. Discute-se ainda a interlocução que deve existir entre o enunciado e critérios de avaliação da tarefa pedagógica, e o bilhete orientador da reescrita, uma vez que esse último, por conta de seu caráter pedagógico e avaliativo, precisa também enunciar com clareza uma nova tarefa pedagógica para o aluno: a reescrita do seu texto. This paper aims to discuss the role of rewriting guiding notes in written pedagogical activities performed in language classrooms. Two experiences involving rewriting are here analyzed. Although they are inserted in different teaching contexts, they point out in the same direction, since they take the written pedagogical activity as an interlocution process that is established between teacher and student. It is also discussed the interlocution that must exist between the pedagogical task utterance and evaluation criteria, and the rewriting guiding note, once the least, due to its pedagogical and evaluative character, also needs to instruct clearly a new pedagogical task to the student: the text rewriting.

OBJECTIVES: The six-minute walk test has been widely used to evaluate functional capacity and predict mortality in several populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the six-minute walk test for the life expectancy of end-stage renal disease patients. METHODS: Patients over 18 years old who underwent hemodialysis for at least six months were included. Patients with hemodynamic instability, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical incapacity and acute myocardial stroke in the preceding three months were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (54% males; 36+11 years old) were followed for 144 months. The distance walked in the six-minute walk test was a survival predictor for end-stage renal disease patients. In the multivariate analysis, for each 100 meters walked with a 100-meter increment, the hazard ratio was 0.53, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37-0.74. There was a positive correlation between the distance walked in the six-minute walk test and peak oxygen consumption (r = 0.508). In the multivariate analysis, each year of dialysis treatment represented a 10% increase in death probability; in the severity index analysis, each point on the scale represented an 11% increase in the death risk. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that survival increased approximately 5% for every 100 meters walked in the six-minute walk test, demonstrating that the test is a viable option for evaluating the functional capacity in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance states: role of oxidative stress and potential therapeutic opportunities

INTRODUCTION: Endothelium-dependent dilation is improved in insulin-treated diabetic patients, but this effect is probably due to improved glycemic control. The objective of the present study was to compare endothelium-dependent dilation in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes who are or are not using insulin as part of their therapy. METHODS: We studied 27 patients with type 2 diabetes (11 women, 60.3 years ± 6 years, with HbA1c < 7% and no nephropathy), including 16 patients treated with anti-diabetic agents (No-Ins, 8 women) and 11 patients treated with insulin alone or in combination with anti-diabetic agents (Ins, 3 women). Endothelial function was evaluated by the dorsal hand vein technique, which measures changes in vein diameter in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent vasodilation). RESULTS: Age, systolic blood pressure (No-Ins: 129.4 mmHg ± 11.8 mmHg, Ins: 134.8 mmHg ± 12.0 mmHg; P = 0.257), HbA1c, lipids and urinary albumin excretion rate [No-Ins: 9 mg/24 h (0-14.1 mg/24 h) vs. Ins: 10.6 mg/24 h (7.5-14.4 mg/24 h), P = 0.398] were similar between groups. There was no difference between endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the No-Ins group (59.3% ± 26.5%) vs. the Ins group (54.0% ± 16.3%; P = 0.526). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was also similar between the No-Ins (113.7% ± 35.3%) and Ins groups (111.9% ± 28.5%; P = 0.888). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous insulin therapy does not interfere with venous endothelial function in type 2 diabetes when glycemic and blood pressure control are stable.

The objective of the present study was to determine the acute effect of hemodialysis on endothelial venous function and oxidative stress. We studied 9 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 36.8 +/- 3.0 years old, arterial pressure 133.8 +/- 6.8/80.0 +/- 5.0 mmHg, time on dialysis 55.0 +/- 16.6 months, immediately before and after a hemodialysis session, and 10 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Endothelial function was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique using graded local infusion of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent venodilation, EDV) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent venodilation). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring protein oxidative damage (carbonyls) and antioxidant defense (total radical trapping antioxidant potential - TRAP) in blood samples. All patients were receiving recombinant human erythropoietin for at least 3 months and were not taking nitrates or a-receptor antagonists. EDV was significantly lower in ESRD patients before hemodialysis (65.6 +/- 10.5) vs controls (109.6 +/- 10.8; P = 0.010) and after hemodialysis (106.6 +/- 15.7; P = 0.045). Endothelium-independent venodilation was similar in all comparisons performed. The hemodialysis session significantly decreased TRAP (402.0 +/- 53.5 vs 157.1 +/- 28.3 U Trolox/microL plasma; P = 0.001). There was no difference in protein damage comparing ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis. The magnitude of change in the EDV was correlated negatively with the magnitude of change in TRAP (r = -0.70; P = 0.037). These results suggest that a hemodialysis session improves endothelial venous function, in association with an antioxidant effect.

Differences between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system unbalance the redox status. The exposure to cigarette smoke can increase this imbalance. Trans-resveratrol is a polyphenol with great antioxidant action that reduces the oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of the trans-resveratrol supplementation on the cardiac oxidative stress in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Control Group (CG), Exposure to Smoke Group (ESG), Antioxidant Group (AG) and Exposure to Smoke plus Antioxidant Group (ESAG). Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke and supplemented with trans-resveratrol (6.0 mg kg -1 ) for two months. The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the cardiac muscle. The ESG presented the highest lipid peroxidation level compared with CG (p < 0.001), AG (p < 0.001) and ESAG (p < 0.006). The CAT activity was higher in the AG (p < 0.001) and ESAG (p < 0.001) compared with CG. The ESG presented lower CAT activity compared with the ESAG (p < 0.001). The supplementation of Trans-resveratrol attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress and increased the activity of catalase. Our findings evidenced the cardioprotective effect of trans-resveratrol in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound therapy on haematological dynamics and plasma fibrinogen during the inflammatory phase of muscle injury. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into control group (CG), continuous ultrasound treated group (CTU) and pulsed ultrasound (PTU). Animals were subjected to surgical incision. A transverse lesion was made in the biceps femoris muscle (50%). CTU (1.0 MHz) was applied at 12-hour intervals on the lesion, for three days, with 0.4 W cm -2 and three minutes of duration (six applications in the total). PTU was applied in the pulsed mode 20% (2 ms on/8 ms off), maintaining the other parameters. Fibrinogen, white and red blood cells were analyzed in the 24 th , 48 th and 72 nd hour after the injury. PTU has reduced fibrinogen levels by 20% at the 24 th h and by 30% at the 48 th h (p < 0.001) and haemoglobin reduction at the 72 nd hour (p < 0.001), which had already occurred during the 2 nd collection in the other groups. CTU favoured erythrocyte reduction at the 48 th h (p = 0.003). PTU presented an anti-inflammatory effect due to plasma fibrinogen reduction, and CTU favored haemorrhage due to the reduction of erythrocytes when applied in the first 72 hours after muscle injury.

Delirium, an acute neurobehavioral syndrome associated with disturbances in consciousness and attention, is a commonly presenting complication of the post-operative period in international studies. In a landmark review,1 the median incidence of postoperative delirium was 36.8%, with advancing age and pre-operative cognitive deficit being uniform findings. Recognition of delirium is vital, as it may be the first manifestation of an underlying condition or medication reaction; increase in hospitalization length, costs, mortality and the progression to dementia are possible outcomes of failing to diagnose this condition.2 Since pre-operative, intra-operative and postoperative circumstances may act in concert with personal predisposing characteristics3 to cause delirium, extrapolation of global figures to Brazil is questionable and the determination of local occurrence rates, of paramount importance for the preparation of health teams responsible for the care of such patients. In an attempt to verify the occurrence of and factors associated with postoperative delirium in relevant Brazilian studies, we systematically searched, up to July 2007, Medline, PsychINFO, Biological Abstracts, Lilacs, Science Direct, ISI/Web of Science and Banco de Teses da CAPES. Search terms used were “post-operative delirium”, “delirium”, “surgery”, combined with “Brazil”, “Brasil”, and “Portuguese”. We followed Dyer et al1 regarding study selection, and studies could be included if they were primary data collection studies, the population included adults or elderly, delirium was evaluated prospectively and patients evaluated at least three times during the first postoperative week, patients were selected consecutively or randomly and a valid definition of delirium was employed. Although we did locate 52 potentially relevant studies, only two fulfilled minimal inclusion criteria. The largest and most rigorous study to date4 assessed patients after cardiac surgery, which is consistent with international studies; using DSM-IV criteria, Santos et al. found an incidence of delirium of 33.6% among 220 elderly randomly selected after coronary artery bypass. In the other study, the incidence of delirium, evaluated by the Confusion Assessment Method, was 12.5% in elderly submitted to orthopedic surgery for hip fractures.5 Pre-surgical functional impairment was more commonly present in delirium patients. In both studies hospitalization was longer in those affected. Identification of post-operative delirium is essential in clinical practice. With the exception of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and orthopedic fractures, which are likely to represent a minority of the surgeries performed in our country (6), reliable incidence rates for the commonest surgical interventions performed in Brazil are nonexistent. As such, training of health teams responsible for the detection of this major clinical event is likely to be inadequate, potentially leading to excessive patient morbidity and mortality, as well as increasing overall costs and hospital stays. Studies designed to detect the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative delirium, adequately powered to evaluate a number of variables of interest (e.g. age, pre-surgical cognitive status, type of intervention), with a valid definition of delirium in a population representative of those undergoing surgical procedures in Brazil are greatly needed.

Objective: To clinically and radiologically evaluate patients who underwent arthroscopic surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability by means of the Bankart technique, using metal anchors. Methods: This was a retrospective study on 49 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability between 2002 and 2007. The patients were evaluated using the Carter-Rowe score and the Samilson and Prieto classification. The mean age at the time of surgery was 30 years. The mean length of follow-up was 42.7 months (ranging from 18 to 74). 85% of the patients were male. Results: The mean Carter-Rowe score was 83 points (ranging from 30 to 100) including 31 excellent results, 7 good, 3 fair and 8 poor. Recurrent dislocation was observed in 16% (8 patients), and 37.5% of them were of traumatic origin. Joint degeneration was present in 32.5% of the cases, including 5 cases of grade 1, 6 cases of grade 2 and 2 cases of grade 3. The average loss of external rotation was 12° and the loss of anterior elevation was 8°. There was a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between arthritis and age at first dislocation, age at surgery and crackling. 92% of the patients reported high degrees of satisfaction after the procedure. Among the complications, there were two cases of stiff shoulder, one patient with prominence of the synthesis material and one case of anchor loosening. Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability using metal anchors was shown to be effective, with a low complication rate.