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The understanding of leukemogenesis in early-age acute leukemia (EAL) has improved remarkably. Initiating somatic mutations detected in dried neonatal blood spots (DNBS) and in cord blood samples of affected children with leukemia have been proven to be acquired prenatally. However, to date, few epidemiological studies have been carried out exploring EAL that include infants and children 13–24 months of age at the diagnosis. Maternal exposure to transplacental DNA-damaging substances during pregnancy has been suggested to be a risk factor for EAL. Most cases of infants with acute lymphoblastic (i-ALL) or myeloid leukemia (i-AML) have KMT2A gene rearrangements ( KMT2A-r ), which disturb its essential role as an epigenetic regulator of hematopoiesis. Due to the short latency period for EAL and the fact that KMT2A-r resembles those found in secondary AML, exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors has been associated with transplacental risk as proxi for causality. EAL studies have been conducted in Brazil for over two decades, combining observational epidemiology, leukemia biology, and clinical data. EAL was investigated considering (i) age strata (infants vs. 13–24 months-old); (ii) somatic mutations associated with i-ALL and i-AML; (iii) ethnic-geographic variations; (iv) contribution of maternal genotypes; and (v) time latency of exposures and mutations in DNBS. Interactions of acquired and constitutive gene mutations are challenging tools to test risk factor associations for EAL. In this review we summarize the EAL scenario (including B-cell precursor-ALL, T-ALL, and AML) results combining environmental and genetic susceptibility risk factors and we raise questions that should be considered for further action.

Background: The prevalence of falls in the elderly population is high, causing mortality, morbidity, and loss of functionality, contributing to an increase in the elderly’s dependence, loss of quality of life and decrease in the average life expectancy. This study aims to identify the interventions performed during the home visit that may have an impact on the reduction of risk, on the prevention of falls, on their recurrence and / or on secondary injuries. Methods and Findings: Scoping review, with the inclusion of primary studies to answer the research question: Which nursing interventions during the home visit prevent the (C) fall in the home (Co) of the Elderly Person? Research conducted in the databases available on the search engines of EBSCO, B-On, ISI; SCOPUS and JBI, inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The search time limit has been restricted to the last 5 years. The 10 studies that integrate the sample are heterogeneous, evaluated a total of 32,308 elderly. The use of cognitive-behavioral strategies has a positive effect on reducing mortality, institutionalization, falls and functional decline. The results of our investigation are not conclusive as to the effect of physical exercise performed at home in the prevention of falls. The elderly positively evaluate the performance of home visits to prevent falls. Conclusions: Evidence on the effectiveness of home visits for falls prevention is low. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of different programs to promote physical activity and social participation in reducing the risk and prevalence of falls. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X9012 Este estudo de caso analisa o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no apoio a uma criança com Ataxia, a Bia (nome fictício) incluída numa Unidade de Apoio Especializado para a educação de alunos com Multideficiência (UAEM) numa escola pública de Braga, Região Norte de Portugal. A Bia apresentava incapacidade total ao nível da oralidade e graves dificuldades na coordenação da motricidade fina. Além de uma contextualização da relação entre as necessidades educativas especiais (NEE) e as TIC, através da sua interligação, aborda-se e descreve-se a intervenção ao nível das TIC e a sua integração no currículo e na aprendizagem e de seguida relata-se este processo de integração, que teve a finalidade de lhe proporcionar produtos de apoio que assegurassem os necessários meios para promover e aumentar a sua comunicação. Palavras-chave – Inclusão, Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), Ataxia, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), Sintetizador de Voz.

Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be an inert tissue that stores fat. This tissue is capable of expanding to accommodate increased lipids through hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and by initiating differentiation of pre-adipocytes. Adipose tissue metabolism exerts an impact on whole-body metabolism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of several hormones. These are active in a range of processes, such as control of nutritional intake (leptin, angiotensin), control of sensitivity to insulin and inflammatory process mediators (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, among others) and pathways (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) for example). This paper reviews some of the biochemical and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue and its relationship to inflammatory disease and insulin resistance.

Review: recent breakthroughs in SN2-type nucleophilic fluorination reactions using alkali metal fluorides promoted by protic solvents; 50 refs.

Dynamic deracemizations are robust strategies wherein a racemate is converted into a single enantiopure product in 100 % yield. A process can be defined as diastereodivergent if multiple diastereomers of the product are possible and if a specific process offers the ability to generate each and every one of them by fine-tuning the reaction conditions. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with stabilized nucleophiles is a versatile strategy that can be used to achieve this goal. In this concept, we summarize the advances that have been made in this field. We also introduce and develop the novel concepts of diastereodivergent deracemization and diastereodivergent de-epimerization.

1 Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal. 2 CISA/CQB Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude do Porto Instituto Politecnico do Porto, Portugal. 3 REQUIMTE-CQFB, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. 4 Centro de Farmacologia e Biopatologia Quimica (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.

Under conditions A), a wide range of title compounds can be prepared in good to high yields.

Este estudo tem como objectivos conhecer e comparar as concepções sobre a qualidade de ensino de docentes e estudantes de três estabelecimentos públicos de ensino superior da região do Alentejo (Portugal) e, no caso dos docentes, conhecer também o que eles sugerem para melhorar a qualidade de ensino nos cursos e nas instituições em que leccionam. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que inclui uma análise de conteúdo de três questões abertas relativas ao modo como 427 estudantes e 103 docentes definem qualidade de ensino e como os docentes sugerem que seja melhorada no curso e na instituição. A análise de conteúdo baseia-se nos modelos teóricos disponíveis, nas actividades previstas para os docentes do ensino superior e, sobretudo, no conteúdo das respostas escritas dos participantes. Os resultados revelam que as respostas de docentes e estudantes dos três estabelecimentos não diferem substancialmente umas das outras e que a qualidade de ensino é mais associada a aspectos de natureza pedagógica, preparação para o mercado de trabalho, articulação com a comunidade e qualificação dos docentes do que com aspectos associados à investigação.

A new atom-economical method for the synthesis of functionalized cyclobutenes is developed.

Las grandes exposiciones internacionales han constituido hasta aquí exponentes privilegiados de los avances tecnológicos, contribuyendo de ese modo a transmitir optimistas visiones de «futuros de progreso». Con la Expo’98 de Lisboa se comenzó a poner en práctica una nueva concepción del papel de estas exposiciones, mucho más útil, pensamos, desde el punto de vista de la educación de la ciudadanía.