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To develop a more reactive pozzolan for supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), the co-calcination of kaolinite and limestone was investigated for its contribution to hydration of blended cement. Kaolinite (with ~50 wt% quartz impurity) was calcined at 700 °C, and a mixture of kaolinite and limestone was calcined at 800 °C. These activated SCMs were added to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), replacing ca. 30 wt% of the OPC. The compressive strength of these blended cement paste samples was measured after 28 and 90 days, while the hydration products and microstructural development in these blended cement pastes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that adding free lime to OPC, together with metakaolin, led to enhanced compressive strength. The compressive strength of this new blended cement paste reached 113% and 112% of the compressed strength of pure OPC paste after 28 and 90 days of hydration, respectively. Furthermore, this study showed that the improvement was due to the increased consumption of Portlandite (CH), the formation of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CASH), and the reduction of porosity in the sample containing free lime and metakaolin.

This qualitative study aims to understand the illness narratives and social isolation experiences of men living in Turkey to examine the relationship between traditional masculinity norms and the pandemic. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 13 men who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and four women whose spouses were diagnosed with COVID-19. According to data, the COVID-19 pandemic has (re)showed that traditional masculinity roles can damage men’s health and make men vulnerable to diseases. In addition to these health-related outcomes of the pandemic, traditional masculinity norms have also affected men’s social lives. It is seen that the men who have grown up in a more patriarchal social environment may experience the pandemic as a kind of masculinity loss and react in a more sexist way. But, there may also be positive scenarios in the future, since it is seen that the pandemic may cause men to change positively.

This study, which focuses on the use of problematic technology in university students, focuses on the dimensions of the relationship university students establish with technology, and aims to reach a holistic and deep understanding of the negative and destructive effects and consequences of this relationship. The research designed in quantitative design is based on the relational screening model. Within the scope of the research, it was aimed to look at the technology usage habits of the participants. For this purpose; Personal Information Form, Technology Addiction Scale and Technological Addiction Scale were used. The sample of demographic information obtained from university students at a foundation university consists of 392 participants, 340 (86.7%) female and 52 (13.3%) male students. Participants' technology usage characteristics, time spent with technology, thoughts about the COVID-19 process and addiction levels were revealed within the scope of the findings. Considering that deprivation, difficulty in control, impaired functionality and social exclusion are indicators of problematic technology use, it is seen that the time spent on technological components and usage habits are predictors of problematic use. The results have been discussed in the light of the current literature.

Background Although the underlying genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID) continue to be rapidly identified, the biological pathways and processes that could be targets for a potential molecular therapy are not yet known. This study aimed to identify ID-related shared pathways and processes utilizing enrichment analyses. Method In this multicenter study, causative genes of patients with ID were used as input for Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Results Genetic test results of 720 patients from 27 centers were obtained. Patients with chromosomal deletion/duplication, non-ID genes, novel genes, and results with changes in more than one gene were excluded. A total of 558 patients with 341 different causative genes were included in the study. Pathway-based enrichment analysis of the ID-related genes via ClusterProfiler revealed 18 shared pathways, with lysine degradation and nicotine addiction being the most common. The most common of the 25 overrepresented DO terms was ID. The most frequently overrepresented GO biological process, cellular component, and molecular function terms were regulation of membrane potential, ion channel complex, and voltage-gated ion channel activity/voltage-gated channel activity, respectively. Conclusion Lysine degradation, nicotine addiction, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways are well-suited to be research areas for the discovery of new targeted therapies in ID patients.

Aim: Therapeutic modalities for elderly gastric cancer (GC) patients have enlarged with extended life expectancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of surgical therapies for GC patients of age 65 and older with a single center experience.Materials and methods: Eighty-eight patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for GC were included in the study. The relationships between surgical methods and clinicopathological or prognostic features were analyzed.Results: The median age of the patients was 72(65-91)years. Sixty patients (75%) were male. The median BMI was 25 kg/m2 (17.5-42). The most common ASA score was 2 (n=58, 72.5%) and tumors were mostly localized in the distal 1/3 of the stomach (n=39, 48.7%). The median CEA and CA19-9 levels were 1.94 ng/ml(0.07-93.8)and 10IU/ml (0.05-449.3), respectively. Eleven patients (13.8%) hadprevious abdominal surgery history. The most common operation type was subtotal gastrectomy (n=33, 41.3%). The median operation time was 300 min (45-720) and the median intraoperative blood loss was 100 ml (0-800). There were eleven conversion (13.8%). The median first time to oral intake was 2 days (1-10) and length of hospital stay was 7 days (1-48). Postoperative serious complications occurred in fourteen (17.5%) patients. The mean of retrieved lymph node was 30.27 ± 17.08. The most common pathological T stage was T4 (53.75%). The mediantime to chemotherapy was 41 days (6-220).Conclusion:Laparoscopic gastric surgery is a safe and feasible method that can be performed in elderly patients with appropriate oncological principles. The risk of surgery is substantially higher in elderly patients.Therefore, maximal attention should be paid to perioperative care for the prevention and treatment of perioperative complications.

The most effective surgical approach for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective study of 14 patients diagnosed with SPN between September 2013 and October 2021. Thirteen patients were female, and the median age was 39.5 (18–63) years. The mean tumour diameter was 5.2 ± 2.2 (range, 2–10) cm. The type of surgery was decided based on the tumour location and the extrapancreatic invasion status. The conservative (organ-preserving) surgical procedure was spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n=3). The radical surgical procedures included pancreaticoduodenectomy, with either venous reconstruction (n=2) or without (n=4), and distal pancreatectomy + splenectomy (n=5); similar to performed for pancreatic cancer regional lymphadenectomy was not performed. Tumour resection margins were free in all patients. There were no cases of lymph node metastasis, but the number of examined lymph nodes was significantly higher in the radical surgery group (p=0.03). A female patient developed multiple liver metastases one year after distal pancreatectomy + splenectomy. Her number of examined lymph nodes was the highest of the cohort (n=24). The mean follow-up time was 40 ± 23.5 months. All patients were alive at the end of the study. In conclusıon; necessity for radical surgery may be associated with malignant behaviour. Therefore, the extent of the surgical operation may be expanded during radical procedures for SPNs.

Türkiye’de kitle iletişim araçlarının etkin kullanımı 1970’li yıllardan itibaren yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Sırasıyla, radyo, sinema, televizyon ve internet insanlığın işitsel ve görsel iletişim tutkusunun yayılım gösterdiği mecralar olmuştur. Bir zamanlar ulus-devletin ideolojik aygıtı olan kitle iletişim araçları, günümüzün teknik/teknolojik olanakları sayesinde, ‘birey’in toplumsallaşabildiği, eğitim gördüğü, olan-bitene tepkisini gösterdiği, moral desteği bulduğu, yaşamını ikame ettireceği gereksinimleri karşılayabildiği, ‘kimlik’ edinebildiği, insan-ötesi iletişim araçlarına dönüşmüşlerdir.Bu çalışmada, kitle iletişim araçlarının sosyo-kültürel etkileşime katkısı, dolayısıyla, Türk Müziğine olumlu/olumsuz etkilerinin tespiti ve analizi için neden-sonuç ilişkisinin kurulması amaçlanmış olup, 1970’lerden günümüze değin tarihsel süreçte Türk Müziği alanında akademik ve kuramsal çalışmalarda ele alınmış olan ve konumuz bağlamında dikkate değer bulunmuş altı temel unsura odaklanılmıştır.Bunlar; 1.‘Medyatif araçlar olarak taş plak, long play (LP), kaset, kompakt disk (CD) ve/veya dijital veri olarak görüntü-ses kayıtlarının toplumun beğenisine sunulması’;2. ‘Müzik endüstrisinin pazarlama stratejileri ve toplumun kabulleri sayesinde söz, beste, görüntülerin toplumun kültürel belleğine yerleşmesi’; 3. ‘Türk müziği ürünlerinin karakteristiklerinin ne olduğunun tartışmaya açılması’; 4. ‘Türk müziğinin geleneksellik/ yerellik/ evrensellik bağlamının akademik çalışmalara konu olması’; 5.’Türk müziğinin sanatsal niteliğinin korunup-gözetilmesinden ziyade, toplumsal olandan siyasal olana, kültürel olandan ekonomik olana devşirilmesine göz yumulması’; 6. ‘Türk müziğinin popülerleştirilmesi çabalarının Türk müziğine zarar veriyor olması’dır.

Bayburt yöresinin köklü bir halk müziği geleneğine sahip olduğu, yörenin kendine has halk oyunlarının olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu halk oyunlarına eşliklerde seslendirilen halk oyunu ezgilerinin Türk halk müziği nazariyatı/ repertuvarı açısından önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Araştırmada; yazılı kaynaklar ve alan araştırması kapsamında Bayburt yöresi müzik kültürü içerisinde önemli bir yer tutan ve TRT Türk Halk Müziği oyun havası repertuvarında kayıtlı toplam 6 (altı) adet halk ezgisi makamsal ve ritimsel açıdan değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuş, ezgiler cümle ve motiflerine ayrılarak analizleri yapılarak makamsal özellikleri tespit edilmiş, eser üzerindeki ritim rakamlarından hareketle usul düzüm ve vuruşları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yürütülmesinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.

Tork konvertörler çoğunlukla otomatik transmisyon sistemlerinde kullanılan ve tork artırımı sağlayan özel hidrodinamik kaplinlerdir. Motor ve transmisyon arasında güç aktarımı sağladıklarından hidrodinamik performansları araç performansı üzerinde doğrudan etkilidir. Dolayısıyla aracın öngörülen koşullarda çalışabilmesi için doğru tork konvertörün tasarımı ve geliştirilmesi önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tork konvertörlerin torus kesitindeki birtakım geometrik değişimlerin hidrodinamik performansa olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Tork konvertörler için literatürde kabul gören, torus kesiti boyunca sirküle olan akışın yörüngesine dik olan alanın sabit tutulduğu alışılagelmiş bir tasarım yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Öncelikle bu yaklaşım kullanılarak bir tork konvertör tasarlanmıştır. Ardından bu yöntem basitleştirilerek, yalnızca kademeler arası geçişte yer alan arayüzlerin akış yörüngesine dik olan alanlarının eşit tutulduğu bir başka konvertör tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan iki konvertörün hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) yaklaşımıyla performans analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar iki tork konvertörün hidrodinamik performanslarının birbirleriyle oldukça benzer olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu basitleştirme ile konvertörün analitik tasarımı kolaylaştırılmıştır. Bunun ardından basitleştirilmiş yöntem ile tasarlanan konvertörün iç torus kesit radyal konumları değiştirilerek 4 farklı konvertör oluşturulmuş ve HAD yaklaşımıyla analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, iç torus kesit konumlarının değişiminin tork konvertörlerin hidrodinamik performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.

Background: The amount of intra-articular displacement of the fracture is the main issue when deciding the treatment method between conservative or surgical means in intra-articular fractures. In this study, we aimed to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of measuring intra-articular displacement and to compare the digital radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) evaluations in distal tibia intra-articular epiphyseal fractures. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with digital radiography and CT scans were included in the study. Four sets were prepared with these images. Two of four sets were prepared as ankle radiographs, and the other two sets were prepared with CT scan views. Five observers were asked to measure the intra-articular displacement of the fractures in millimeters and also to make a decision between displacement amounts over or under 2 mm. Intraclass correlation coefficient scores were calculated for evaluation of intraobserver reliability, and Fleiss kappa values were calculated for interobserver reliability evaluations. A value greater than 0.75 was accepted as excellent agreement; 0.75 to 0.40 as intermediate to good agreement; and below 0.40 as poor agreement. Results: There were 15 Salter-Harris type 3, 13 Salter-Harris type 4, seven triplanar, and two Tillaux-Chaput fractures. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were slightly higher for CT scan evaluations. Amounts of displacement were found to be measured higher after CT scan evaluations other than radiographs. After the measurement of joint displacements on CT scans, it was observed that the measurements found below 2 mm on the digital radiograph measurement changed to greater than or equal to 2 mm in 16.4% of the patients. Conclusions: This study confirmed that digital radiographs cannot replace CT scans for the measurement of intra-articular displacement in ankle epiphyseal fractures.

In rare diseases like haemophilia, access to information and experience as well as social and psychological support from social and scientific environments, especially from one’s peers and family, is important as the treatment itself. The development of social networks with the advance of communication technologies may provide health benefits for establishing and strengthening a support system. Focusing on communication and interaction in haemophilia-centred Facebook communities in Turkey, this study aims to analyse the roles and functions of such online communities in sharing and mitigating the health problems of haemophilic individuals and offering them social and psychological support. Accordingly, out of the 25 Facebook communities with Turkish content, all 10 active and open-access communities were included in the research sample and analysed through discourse analysis. The research discloses that there are discursive and functional differences in online communities established by individuals and institutions. Whereas the pages managed by organizations include more informative content with little interaction, the individual pages play a more affective role in the daily lives of haemophilic individuals, resulting in a strong network of solidarity. Therefore, the discourse on online communities were classified into two main categories, namely information exchange and emotional support. The current research on Turkey reveals the role of online communities in haemophilic individuals’ access to information on haemophilia and its treatment as well as social and psychological support. Moreover, the current research also provides room for discussion on how these online communities can better contribute to solidarity between haemophilic individuals, families, and health professionals.

Objectives: We investigated in vitro the management of intraprocedural anticoagulation in patients requiring immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) while using regular direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Materials and methods: Twenty-five patients taking 20mg of rivaroxaban once daily comprised the study group, while five healthy volunteers included the control group. In the study group, a beginning (24 hours after the last rivaroxaban dose) examination was performed. Then, the effects of basal and four different anticoagulant doses (50 IU/kg unfractionated heparin (UFH), 100 IU/kg UFH, 0.5 mg/kg enoxaparin, and 1 mg/kg enoxaparin) on coagulation parameters were investigated at the 4th and 12th hours following rivaroxaban intake. The effects of four different anticoagulant doses were evaluated in the control group. The anticoagulant activity was assessed mainly by anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) levels. Results: Beginning anti-Xa levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (0.69±0.77 IU/mL vs. 0.20±0.14 IU/mL; p Conclusion: Anticoagulant activity was sufficient for urgent PCI at the 4th hour after rivaroxaban treatment, and additional anticoagulant administration may not be required at this time. Twelve hours after taking rivaroxaban, administering 0.5mg/kg of enoxaparin may provide adequate and safe anticoagulant activity for immediate PCI. This experimental study result should confirm with clinical trials (NCT05541757).

The music culture of Elazig-Harput region presents a great richness in vocalization and performance. It is seen that local maqams are widely used. Such a situation is rarely encountered in many other regions. In this article, what are the local maqams known, used and performed by expressing common names by almost everyone living in the Elazig-Harput region, how their meanings correspond, their suitability to the makam quality of Turkish Music, what their place in the makam tradition is examined. As a result of the evaluation made, the scientific and artistic importance of Elazig-Harput region was revealed., Elazığ-Harput yöresinin müzik kültürü, seslendirme ve icrada büyük bir zenginlik arzeder. Yöresel makamların bu yörede yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülür. Diğer birçok yörede böylesi bir duruma çok az rastlanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, Elazığ-Harput yöresinde yaşayan hemen hemen herkes tarafından bilinen, kullanılan, ortak isimlerle ifadelendirilerek icra edilen yöresel makamların neler olduğu, anlamlarının terminolojik olarak nasıl karşılık bulduğu, Türk Müziğinin makamsal niteliğine uygunluğu, makam geleneği içerisindeki yerinin ne olduğu incelenmiştir. Yapılmış olan değerlendirme neticesinde, Elazığ-Harput yöresinin bilimsel ve sanatsal açıdan önemi ortaya koyulmuştur.

Carbamazepine (CMZ) increases estrogen metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4). We investigated whether CMZ is protective against endometrial hyperplasia (EH). We used 32 female Wistar albino rats divided into four equal groups: the control group received drinking water, the estradiol valerate (EV) group was given EV, the CMZ group was given CMZ, and the EV + CMZ group was given both EV and CMZ. After 30 days the uteri of the rats were removed and serum estrogen and progesterone levels were measured, and endometrial tissue characteristics were evaluated. CYP3A4 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Serum estrogen levels were lowest in the EV group and highest in the CMZ group. Serum progesterone levels were similar among all groups. Glandular density, a proxy measure of EH, was highest in the EV group and lowest in the EV + CMZ group. EH was detected in six of eight rats (75%) in the EV group and two of eight rats (25%) in the EV + CMZ group. Immunohistochemical staining revealed no significant difference in CYP3A4 expression among the four groups. CMZ reduced the negative effect of high dose estrogen that is not balanced by progesterone on the endometrium in rats. The effect likely is probably due to the CYP3A4 enzyme activator effect. CMZ may be protective against EH in high risk women, although confirmation is required.

Üniversite eğitimi alan öğrencilerin en büyük beklentisi eğitim aldıkları alanda çalışabilecekleri bir iş bulabilmektir. Ön lisans düzeyinde muhasebe eğitimi alan öğrencilerin en önemli kaygılarından biri mezun olduktan sonra eğitim aldıkları alanda çalışıp çalışamayacaklarıdır. Bu çalışma ile muhasebe eğitimi alan öğrencilerin hem muhasebe derslerine karşı olan tutumları ve hem de iş bulma kaygıları ölçülerek hangi faktörlerin öğrencilerin iş bulma kaygılarını etkilediğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi ve Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi önlisans muhasebe ve vergi uygulamaları programı öğrencilerine anket uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 25 programında yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, iş bulma kaygısı ve muhasebe dersi tutumunun çeşitli alt boyutlarda birbirini etkilediği ve aralarında pozitif yönde düşük seviyede anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür.

Real estate consultants are economic units that establish a link between housing supply and demand and support the efficient maintenance of commercial operations in the housing marketing process. Real estate consultants experience many different problems during a relevant process similar to other units in the system. This study aims to define the problems faced by real estate consultants in the housing marketing process in a qualitative pattern. Using the interview technique, based on the data of 22 real estate consultants, the basic problems experienced in the housing marketing process can be classified under four headings: problems arising from the housing marketing process, problems related to the real estate consultancy profession, customer data storage, and customer communication.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), which is the most prevalent problem related to the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age, is due to sleep disorders and negative moods. Circadian rhythms, which are the immediate 24-h processes, enable an organism to adapt the suitable physiological responses to the environmental light-dark changes. Disturbed circadian rhythms are closely associated with several diseases, including sleep disorders. It has been reported that variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant in the coding region of circadian rhythm gene

Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavı (KPSS) 18.03.2002 tarihli ve 3975 Sayılı Bakanlar Kurulu kararı ile yürürlüğe giren ve ilk defa kamu hizmeti ve görevlerine atanacakların seçimi amacıyla oluşturulan, ilk olarak 2002 tarihi itibari ile Türkiye’de uygulanmaya başlanan sınav olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; KPSS içerisinde yer alan pazarlama bilimi ile ilişkili soruların değerlendirilerek, alana ilişkin çıkarımların gerçekleştirilmesidir. Ayrıca, işletme alan puanı hesaplanması sürecinde pazarlama sorularının da etkili olması ile sadece işletme alan mezunlarının değil işletme puan türünde tercih gerçekleştirmek isteyen tüm adaylar açısından değerli bilgiler sunma potansiyeli de taşımaktadır. Betimsel bir tarama modeli olarak doküman analizi yardımı ile 2006-2018 yılları arasındaki Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavında pazarlama bilimi kapsamında değerlendirilen 101 adet soru incelenmiş olup; çalışma sonucunda; pazarlama bilimi ile ilişkili soruların pazarlama karması, stratejik pazarlama, tüketici davranışları, hizmet pazarlaması, pazarlama kavramı, uluslararası pazarlama, örgütsel pazarlama, pazarlama çevresi, pazarlama araştırmaları, marka yönetimi, pazarlama çeşitleri, pazar ölçümlemesi, e-pazarlama, perakendecilik ve pazarlama bilgi sistemleri konuları içeriğinde oluşturulduğu; sınavlarda yer alan soruların 75’inin, diğer bir anlamda soru toplamının %74,22’sinin, pazarlama karması, stratejik pazarlama, tüketici davranışları ve hizmet pazarlaması konularına yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pazarlama alt alanları açısından en yüksek frekans değerlerine sahip pazarlama konuları ise; büyüme stratejileri, hizmetlerin özellikleri ve bölümlendirme stratejileri elde edilen bulgular arasındadır.

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Purpose: Predicting the clinical course of COVID-19 pneumonia is of high clinical importance and may change treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare the semi-quantitative CT score (radiological score), mCHA2DS2-VASc score (clinical score), and R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score (clinical and radiological score) to predict the risk of ICU admission and mortality in COVID 19 pneumonia. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 901 COVID-19 pneumonia cases with positive PCR results. The mCHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated based on clinical risk factors. CT images were evaluated, and the semi-quantitative CT scores were obtained. A new scoring method (R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score) was developed by combining these scores. The performance of the mCHA2DS2-VASc score, semi-quantitative CT score, and a combination of these scores (R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score) was evaluated using ROC analysis. Results: The ROC curves of the semi-quantitative CT, mCHA2DS2-VASc, and R-mCHA2DS2-VASc scores were examined. The semi-quantitative CT, mCHA2DS2-VASc, and R-mCHA2DS2-VASc scores were significant in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality (p < 0.001). The R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score performed best in predicting a severe clinical course, and the cut-off value of 8 for the R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score had 83.9% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity for mortality. Conclusions: The R-mCHA2DS2-VASc score includes both clinical and radiological parameters. It is a feasible scoring method for predicting a severe clinical course at an early stage with high sensitivity and specificity values. However, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

Ziel des im Rahmen der Initiative GBA-Forschungspartnerschaften Mineralrohstoffe durchgefuhrten Projektes „MRI_LossLehm“ war die Einteilung und Beschreibung von Loss- und Losslehmvorkommen der klassischen Lossgebiete im osterreichischen Alpenvorland und im Wiener Becken nach rohstoffgeologischen Gesichtspunkten. Den Ausgangspunkt dafur bildeten granulometrische, gesamtmineralogische, tonmineralogische und chemische Analysen von uber 770 an der Geologischen Bundesanstalt vorliegenden Proben, die in einem interdisziplinaren Ansatz ausgewertet wurden. Neben der Erfassung der Analysen in einer Geodatenbank lag der Arbeitsschwerpunkt auf der Anwendung unterschiedlicher statistischer Methoden fur Kompositionsdaten sowie der Bewertung deren Aussagekraft hinsichtlich Qualitatssicherung, Gliederungs- und Prognosemoglichkeiten. Die Einflusse von Faktoren wie klimatische, geomorphologische und stratigraphische Position auf die Rohstoffqualitat wurden aufgezeigt, ebenso wurden 24 raumlich bzw. genetisch-stratigraphisch zusammengehorende Loss- bzw. Losslehm-Rohstoffbezirke abgegrenzt und in das Interaktive Rohstoffinformationssystem IRIS-Online implementiert.

Günümüzde kent içi ulaşımda raylı sistem teknoloji ve imkanlarının sadece iyi bir alternatif olma görevini yitirdiği, aksine artan nüfus ve şehirleşme oranıyla beraber bu sistemlerin kentin verimli ve hızlı yolcu taşımacılığında optimum çözüm olduğu gerek yerel yönetimler gerekse kent popülasyonu tarafından bilinmektedir. Yolcu taşımacılığında hız, verimlilik, konfor gibi ana hedeflerle beraber sistemin güvenilirliği ve olası her koşulda işletme sürekliliğinin aksamaması büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Uzun, karmaşık ve birbirleriyle entegre metro sistemlerinin her koşulda enerji altında olması ve süreklilik sağlaması esasen gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul kent içi raylı sistem ulaşımında gelecekte yapılması öngörülen ve birden fazla metro hattı ile bütünleşecek örnek bir raylı sistem hattı ele alınmıştır. Modelleme ETAP yazılımı ile oluşturulup, mevcut ve yapımı tamamlanmak üzere olan diğer hatların gerçek verileri ışığında, entegrasyon sağlayacak şekilde, farklı işletme senaryoları oluşturularak planlanan hattın yük akış ve kısa devre analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak verilirken önerilen senaryoların analizi, işletmenin sürekliliği, sistemin olası performansları incelenmiş ve teknik açıdan doğru, maliyeti azaltacak öneriler bulgular ile sunulmuştur.

Objective: Hemophilia is classified according to the factor VIII or IX level as severe, moderate and mild. The Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) score used in recent years contribute significantly to the early diagnosis of arthropathy, which continues to be an important problem in severe hemophilia. It was aimed to investigate the compatibility between HJHS and HEAD-US scores. Material and Methods: The demographic and disease-related data, HJHS 2.1 and HEAD-US scores of the participants who participated in the Workshop of the Hemophilia Federation in 2020 were recorded. Results: The mean age of 32 participants was 20.6 (minimum: 15-maximum: 31). Twenty three were diagnosed as Hemophilia A, 8 were Hemophilia B, 1 was Von Willebrand disease. HJHS score of 30 patients was 6.7±6.2 (minimum: 0-maximum: 22). The mean of HEAD-US was 14.3±11.5 (minimum: 0-maximum: 34). HJHS and HEAD-US scores were compatible with each other (p=0.002). Arthropathy was present in 33 joints of 21 patients. There was a statistical significance between patients with and without arthropathy with both the HJHS and the HEAD-US scores (0.006 and 0.005 respectively). The most common arthropathy is in the right knee. HJHS and HEAD-US scores are compatible in both knee and elbow joints. Nonetheless, it is incompatible in both ankles. HJHS and HEAD-US scores were discordant in 21 joints of 7 patients. These joints were right ankle (n=7), left ankle (n=6), left elbow (n=4), right elbow (n=2) and right knee (n=2). Conclusion: A correlation was found between the HJHS and HEAD-US scores. HEAD-US is more sensitive than HJHS in detecting the early stage of arthropathy in the ankle joint. These scores should be done routinely to all patients for manifesting treatment deficiencies and incompatibilities.

BACKGROUND: The stability of the implant-abutment interface is an important factor that influences load distribution on the marginal bone. OBJECTIVE: In this study, three dental implants with the same connection were subjected to different dynamic loading cycles. The fracture strengths and the horizontal compatibility of implants were assessed. METHODS: Eighty four implant specimens were embedded in a polyacetal cylinder as simulated bone loss of 3 mm from the implant platform. Three of the implants were used to determine the endurance limit. The other specimens were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 6): three for dynamic + static loading, and one for static loading (control group). The tests were performed by applying a compression load. The dynamic loading experiments included three different cycles with endurance upper limit loads at a frequency of 10 Hz. RESULTS: The differences between the fracture strength values of the implant brands were found to be statistically significant. However, there were no meaningful differences between the fracture strength values of implants of the same brand. The specimens of the DTI implant system had the lowest strength (647.9 ± 41.5 N) and the SEM analysis indicated that the Implantium implant system had the shortest horizontal gaps. CONCLUSIONS: There was a negative correlation between the fracture strengths and size of the microgaps. The importance of these in vitro results needs to be validated by clinical trials because the loads in the mouth can be applied from various angles.

Gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is a rare condition. To our knowledge, only 1 case has been reported with 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma, having gallbladder metastasis revealed with restaging 18 F-FDG PET/CT.

A 38-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of left-sided otalgia and otorrhea. Otoscopy revealed a mass in the left external auditory canal causing obliteration. A biopsy was taken, and the diagnosis was consistent with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. The patient was referred to our department for staging with 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake was observed in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes.

Amaç: Koledok taşlarının altın standart güncel tedavi yöntemi endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreatografi (ERCP) ile taş çıkarılmasıdır. Bunun başarısız olduğu durumlarda alternatif cerrahi tedavi yöntemleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Geleneksel bir yöntem olan koledokoduodenostomi (CDD) de bunlardan biridir. Biz de ERCP'nin başarısız olduğu hastalardaki konvansiyonel CDD sonuçlarımızı sunmayı amaçladık.Yöntemler: Mart 2015 ve Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında ERCP ile tedavi edilemeyen koledok taşı olan ve konvansiyonel koledok eksplorasyonu, taş çıkarılması ve CDD uygulanan 23 hastanın klinikodemografik verileri, perioperatif bulguları ve postoperatif sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Hastaların median yaşı 71 (41-85) olup, 13’ü (%56) kadındı. Hastaların 5’inde (21%) geçirilmiş kolesistektomi, 7’sinde (30%) gastrektomi + gastroenterostomi ameliyatı öyküsü vardı. En sık başvuru semptomu karın ağrısıydı (39 %). Başarısız ERCP sayısı median 1 (1-6) olup, başarısızlık nedenleri 7 hastada gastroenterostomi olması, 9 hastada impakte taş olması, 6 hastada taş boyutu ve sayısının fazla olması, 1 hastada da papilla açılım anomalisiydi. Hastaların median koledok çapı 15 (10-40) mm'di. Operasyon süresi median 120 (60-240) dk olup, perioperatif komplikasyon gelişmedi. Yatış süresi median 7 (4-14) gündü. Postoperatif erken dönemde 2 (8%) hastada yara yeri enfeksiyonu, 1 (4%) hastada da eviserasyon görüldü. Mortalite izlenmedi. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi median 27 (2-77) aydı ve geç dönemde 2 (8%) hastada insizyonel herni ile karşılaşıldı. Sump sendromuna ait bulgular hiçbir hastamızda gözlenmedi.Sonuç: ERCP ile çıkarılamayan koledok taşlarının tedavisinde CDD seçilmiş hastalarda efektif ve güvenli bir cerrahi tedavi yöntemidir., Background: The gold standard current treatment for common bile duct (CBD) stones is stone extraction via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In ERCP failed cases, alternative surgical treatment methods come to the fore. Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD), which is a traditional method, is one of them. We aimed to present our conventional CDD results in ERCP failed patients.Methods: Between March 2015 and February 2022, clinicodemographics, perioperative findings, and postoperative results of 23 ERCP failed patients with underwent CDD for CBD stones were analyzed retrospecificleyResults: The median age was 71 (41-85), and 13 (56%) were female. Of the patients, 5 (21%) had cholecystectomy and 7 (30%) had gastrectomy + gastroenterostomy, previously. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (39%). The median number of failed ERCPs was 1 (1-6), and the reasons for failure were gastroenterostomy in 7 patients, impacted stones in 9, multiple and/or large stones in 6, and papillary opening anomaly in 1. The median CBD diameter was 15 (10-40) mm. The median operation time was 120 (60-240) minutes, and no perioperative complication developed. The median length of hospital stay was 7 (4-14) days. In the early postoperative period, wound infection was observed in 2 (8%) patients, and evisceration was observed in 1 (4%). There was no mortality. The mean follow-up period was 27 (2-77) months, and incisional hernia was encountered in 2 (8%) patients in the late postoperative period. There was no evidence of Sump syndrome within the follow-up period.Conclusion: In treatment of ERCP failed CBD stones, CDD is an effective and safe surgical treatment method in selected patients.

We report a case of tuberculosis peritonitis in a 26-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss for the last 4 months. Abdominal US and CT demonstrated intra-abdominal massive ascites, misty mesentery, and diffuse peritoneal thickening. In addition, 3 nodular lesions were detected in the right lung. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed hypermetabolism in lung nodules, mesenteric area, peritoneal thickening, and ascites. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 (fibroblast activation protein-specific inhibitor) PET/CT imaging was also performed; high uptakes were detected in the same regions of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Tuberculosis diagnosis was made after histopathological examination of wedge resection of the right lung.

Amaç: Pigmente cilt lezyonlarının birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında çalışan hekimler tarafından tanınması ve eşlik edebilecek malign hastalıklar yönünden araştırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle baş ve boyun yerleşimli olan pigmente lezyonların kozmetik açıdan başarılı bir şekilde çıkarılması hastaların genel başvuru nedeni olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kliniğimize estetik amaçlarla lezyonlarını aldırmak isteyen hastaların histopatolojik tanıları retrospektif olarak incelenmiş ve tedavi yönetimi irdelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kliniğimize Kasım 2018- Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında pigmente lezyonlarını sadece estetik amaçlı aldırmak isteyen toplam 85 hasta dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar aynı cerrah tarafından opere edildi. Eksizyon sonrası tüm lezyonlar histopatolojik incelemeye gönderildi. Bulgular: Toplam 85 hastadan 129 lezyon çıkarıldı. Hastaların 37’si (%43,5) erkek; 48’i (%56,5) kadın idi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 38,9 (14-94 yaş) idi. Lezyonların ortalama büyüklüğü 1,15 cm² (0,3-5,3 cm²) idi. Histopatolojik inceleme sonrası 11 değişik tipte pigmente lezyon patolojisi ortaya çıktı. İntradermal nevüs çıkarılan lezyonlar arasında görülen en sık patoloji sonucuydu (%38). Bunu sırasıyla Seboreik keratoz (%24) ve bazal hücreli karsinom (%22) izledi. Baş-boyun bölgesi çıkarılan tüm lezyonların en sık yerleşim yeri idi. İlk muayenede konan ön tanıyla lezyonların histopatolojik sonucu arasındaki uyumsuzluk toplam 5 hastada gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Cilt lezyonları geniş bir yelpazede klinik pratiğimizde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastanın ilk başvurusunda çıplak gözle muayene her zaman doğru sonuç vermese de ABCDE kriterlerinin bilinmesi bu aşamada kritik önemdedir. Çalışmamızda sadece kozmetik amaçlı başvuran hastaların dahil edildiği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda hastaların dörtte birinin malign deri kanseri teşhisi aldığını ve bu bağlamda bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak deri kanseriyle ile ilgili kişilerin eğitiminin yaygınlaştırılması gerektiğini vurgulamak istiyoruz., Objective: It is very important to recognize the pigmented skin lesions and accompanied malignant skin diseases by physicians working in primary health care facilities. The successful removal of pigmented lesions, especially in the head and neck region, is the general reason for patients admitted to aesthetic surgery clinics. In this study, histopathological diagnoses of the lesions removed for aesthetic purposes are examined retrospectively and treatment management is reviewed. Material and Methods: A total of 85 patients who wanted to remove their pigmented lesions for only aesthetic purposes between November 2018 and November 2019 were included in this study. All patients were operated by the same surgeon. After excisional biopsy, all lesions were examined histopathologically. Results: 129 lesions were removed from 85 patients. 37 (43.5%) of the patients were male; 48 (56.5%) were women. The mean age of the patients was 38.9 (14-94 years). The average size of the lesions was 1.15 cm² (0.3-5.3 cm²). After histopathological examination, 11 different types of pigmented lesion pathology were obtained. Intradermal nevus was the most common pathology result among the lesions (38%). This was followed by Seborrheic keratosis (24%) and basal cell carcinoma (22%), respectively. The head and neck region was the most common location of all lesions that was removed. Incompatibility between the preliminary diagnosis and the histopathological results of the lesions was observed in 5 patients. Conclusion: Patients consult with a wide range of skin lesions in our clinical practice. Although the examination with the naked eye does not always give correct results at the first application of the patient, knowing the ABCDE criteria is critical at this stage. Considering the patients who refers for only cosmetic purposes are included in our study, we want to emphasize that one fourth of patients are diagnosed with malignant skin cancer and the education of people with skin cancer should be expanded as a public health problem.

In addition to the good adaptation of high temperatures and poor soils, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) can be a good source of forage for livestock. This study was carried out to determine seed yield and some agronomical parameters of cowpea grown in different row spaces as double crop in Samsun ecological conditions. In the experiment, forage cowpea cultivar Ulkem and Line H-8 grown in four row spaces (20, 35, 50, 65 cm) in a Randomized Split Block Design with three replications. Seeds were sowed after harvesting wheat at July 13, 2017 and 15 July 2018. Seed harvest was made at October 20, 2017 and November 5, 2018. The results showed that seed yields ranged from 765 to 2178 kg ha-1 in 2017 and 397 to 1464 kg ha-1 in 2018. 1000 seed weight ranged from 161.17 to 183.93 g in 2017 and 146.40 to 160.90 g in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, mature pod ratio were 65.7 – 85.8, 30.0 – 60.3% respectively. Pod number per plant was between 5.66-15.00 pods/plant in 2017, 9.50-16.25 pods/plant in 2018. Seed number per pod was ranged from 8.80 to 12.43 seeds/pod in 2017, from 8.00 to 11.50 seeds/pod in 2018. Though the highest seed yields were obtained from 20 cm row space, it is risky cultivated cowpea for seed production as double crop in Samsun conditions because of earlier autumn rainfall and high humidity.

This study was carried out with 86 Bituminaria bituminosa (Bitbit) genotypes collected from Central Black Sea Region of Northern Anatolia in Samsun in 2012. After cleaning, seeds scarifying with sandpaper and sown in small pots. In November of 2012, the seedlings were transplanted to experimental field. No fertilizer and water applied throughout the study and spring and autumn elongation, hay yield and harvesting number in the second year of the plants (2014) were observed during the study. According to correlation analysis, there was a negative and statistically significant linear correlation between altitude and spring elongation, autumn elongation, harvest number. There was also a negative statistically insignificant correlation between altitude and hay yield. A positive and significant correlation was found between hay yield and spring and autumn elongations, harvest number; between spring and autumn elongations and number of harvest. Some genotypes taken from high altitudes stayed dormant in winter period, furthermore they started elongation later than the others and a slight growth was recorded in autumn. In the light of these results, it is possible to improve cultivars for different ecological conditions.

We investigated the protective effect of iloprost against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovary. We used 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats randomly allocated to four experimental groups: sham, ischemia, I/R and I/R + iloprost. Ovarian torsion was established in all rats except the sham group. The torsion group was exposed to ischemia for 3 h. The detorsion group was exposed to 3 h ischemia applied + 3 h reperfusion. The detorsion + iloprost group was exposed to ischemia for 3 h + reperfusion for 3 h + intravenous (IV) iloprost infusion for 60 min starting at the beginning of reperfusion. Ovaries were removed and prepared for histopathological evaluation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the blood. The total histopathological injury score and MDA level of the ischemia group were significantly higher than for the sham group. Ovarian injury score and MDA level following I/R increased compared to the ischemia group. Iloprost administration reduced the total injury score and MDA level. The GSH level was higher in the I/R + iloprost group than in the I/R group. We concluded that IV iloprost administration reduces I/R injury in rat ovarian tissue.

Siyasal pazarlama, siyasi partilerin ve adayların rakiplerinden daha yüksek oy seviyelerine sahip olmak, seçmen desteğini sağlamak ve yönetim dönemlerinde seçim öncesi seçmenlere sunduğu hedeflerine ulaşmak için sergilediği çabalardır. Siyasal pazarlamada başarı, siyasal pazara yönelik doğru ürün, fiyat, dağıtım ve tutundurma bileşenlerinin seçmen istek ve ihtiyaçlarına uygun planlanması ile elde edilmektedir. Dolayısı ile siyasal pazarlama çabalarının başarılı olması, seçmenler ile siyasi parti ya da adaylar arasında değer yönlü ve güven temelli değişimlerin yaratılmasına bağlıdır. Bu noktada siyasal güven olgusu, seçmenlerin siyasi parti ve adayların yönetim dönemlerinde doğru olanı yapacağına yönelik inançları olarak görülmekte ve siyasal pazardaki oyuncuların performans değerlendirme ölçütü olarak işlev görmektedir. Böylelikle siyasi parti ve adayların sürdürülebilir siyasal başarıları, seçmenlerin kendilerine yönelik algıladığı inandırıcılık ya da güvenilirlik düzeylerine bağlı olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, seçmenlerin siyasete yönelik güven ve memnuniyet düzeylerini tanımlama ve demografik nitelikler açısından aralarındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca yönelik 340 seçmenin katılımı ile Kırklareli İli’nde bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, seçmenlerin her ne kadar bir önceki dönem oy tercihlerinden memnuniyet duysalar da, siyasal güven düzeylerinin oldukça düşük olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda seçmenlerin kurumlara ve siyasete yönelik güven düzeyleri ile siyasal memnuniyet algıları arasında demografik özellikler kapsamında anlamlı ilişkilerin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors for a healthy life, growth, development, appropriate body weight, defense against diseases, and sportive performance. The person’s age, gender, daily physical activity status, and before, after, and during training and competitions should be fed appropriately. Since the performance in athletes takes place by expending physical effort, the supply of necessary energy plays a key role in performance. Purpose: This study aims to examine athletes’ nutritional information in different Olympic sports branches. 313 athletes with an average age of 22.53 years, a body weight of 68.87 kg, a height of 174.44 cm, and an average sports age of 8 years, active in different Olympic sports branches, participated in the study. In the study, the data, the “Athlete Nutrition Knowledge Scale” was used. The arithmetic mean and standard deviations, descriptive properties, and percentage distribution frequencies of the obtained data were determined, and the SPSS 20 package program was used for all statistical analyses. Important findings were obtained within the scope of the study; Protein is the main source of energy used by muscles during exercise in 54.8% of athletes. When 50.2% of people want muscle gain, the basic dietary change required is to increase the amount of protein in the diet. 48.4% of vegetarian athletes can meet their protein requirements without using protein supplements. 45.8% Fruits and Vegetables are the best sources of calcium. Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese with 49.2% are the best sources of magnesium. 57.2% of Athletes A physically fit person with an adequate diet can improve his performance by consuming more vitamins and minerals. 66.2% of athletes should take vitamin C as a routine supplement by athletes. 50% of athletes test the purity and safety of all supplements before the sale. As a result of the study, when the above findings were examined, it was concluded that the knowledge of the athletes interested in the Olympic branches is not at the desired level and that they have partially wrong nutrition information. It is thought that it is necessary to increase nutritional knowledge.

A 35-year-old HIV-positive man with abdominal pain was referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of mass in pancreas. PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in head of the pancreas, as well as diffuse moderate uptake throughout body and tail of the pancreas. Histopathological results revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated large B-cell lymphoma and pancreatitis caused by cytomegalovirus.

Primary carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in an inguinal hernia is a rare condition. We present a 79-year-old man diagnosed with sigmoid colon carcinoma referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. PET/CT showed the primary lesion in the inguinal hernia into scrotum.

Amaç Gebelerde Düşük Molekül Ağırlıklı Heparin (DMAH) kullanımı sonrası inflamasyon belirteçlerinin değişiminin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler Gebeliğinde DMAH kullanan 57 hastanın DMAH kullanımı öncesi ve bir ay sonrası hemogram tetkikindeki parametreler kullanılarak hesaplanan, NLO (Nötrofil Lenfosit Oranı), TLO (Trombosit Lenfosit Oranı), LMO (Lenfosit Monosit Oranı) ve SII (Sistemik İmmün-inflamasyon İndeks) (Nötrofil x Trombosit / Lenfosit) karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular DMAH kullanımı sonrasında OEDG (Ortalama eritrosit dağılım genişliği), OTH (ortalama trombosit hacmi), OTDG (Ortalama trombosit dağılım genişliği), NLO ve SII anlamlı olarak artarken; platekrit, LMO anlamlı olarak azalmış olarak saptandı (p, Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) use on inflammatory markers.Material and Methods: Fifty-seven pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (Neutrophil x Platelet / Lymphocyte) were calculated using complete blood count parameters. These parameters were compared before and after one month usage of LMWH. .Results After the usage of LMWH , mean erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet distribution width (PDW) , NLR, and SII increased and platecrite, and LMR decreased significantly (p

Background The requirement of brain retraction and difficulty in distinguishing the tumor demarcation are challenging in conventional approaches to intra- and paraventricular malignant tumors (IV-PVMTs). Tubular retractors can minimize the retraction injury, and fluorescein-guided (FG) surgery may promote the resection of tumors. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of fluorescein-guided endoscopic transtubular surgery for the resection of IV-PVMTs. Methods Twenty patients with IV-PVMTs underwent FG endoscopic transtubular tumor resection. Fluorescein sodium was administered before the dural opening. The intraoperative fluorescence staining was classified as “helpful” and “unhelpful” based on surgical observation. Extent of resection was assessed using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score was used to evaluate the general physical condition of patients. Results There were 9 glioblastomas, 4 anaplastic astrocytomas and 7 metastatic tumors. “Helpful” fluorescence staining was observed in 16(80%) of 20 patients. Gross total resection was achieved in 16(80%) cases, near-total in 3(15%) cases, and subtotal in 1 (5%) case. No intra- or postoperative complications related to the fluorescein sodium occurred. The median preoperative KPS score was 83, and the median KPS score 3-month after surgery was 88. Conclusion FG endoscopic transtubular surgery is a feasible technique for the resection of IV-PVMTs. It may be a safe and effective option for patients with these tumors. Future prospective randomized studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary data.

To investigate the effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin on the development of chronic otitis media with effusion MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 40 patients who had adenoidectomy operation. The objects were divided into two groups. Group 1; adenoidectomy with chronic serous otitis media, group 2; adenoidectomy without chronic serous otitis media. Serum and tissue thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels were measured by ELISA. Serum and tissue TLSP levels, mast cell count, adenoid size were compared between the groups.Twenty-four (60%) of patients were female and 16 (40%) were male. Twenty patients (55%) had adenoid hypertrophy with chronic serous otitis media, and 18 (45%) had adenoid hypertrophy without chronic serous otitis media. The mean age of the patients was 6.21 ± 2.31 years. The mean mast cell count was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (p = 0.017). The mean tissue thymic stromal lymphopoietin measurement was also significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.023). However, there was no significant difference in regards to serum levels between the groups (p = 0.480).The number of mast cells as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the adenoids of children was significantly high in the chronic serous otitis media patients. The release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin from the adenoid tissue plays a role in initiating and maintaining a local inflammatory reaction in the eustachian tube that may lead eventually to middle ear effusion in non-atopic patients.

Background: Though there are many studies on the effects of anesthesia methods used for cesarean section on the newborn, research on this topic still continues. In our prospective observational study, we investigated the effects of different anesthesia techniques used in routine cesarean deliveries on early neonatal outcomes in our hospital. Methods: This prospective, observational, randomized study included a total of 222 ASA II risk group pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section at term (38-41 weeks’ gestation) without fetal distress. The women were randomized into three groups. In the general anesthesia with propofol group (Group P, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 2 mg∙kg-1 propofol and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1 rocuronium. In the general anesthesia with thiopental sodium group (Group T, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 5 mg∙kg-1 thiopental sodium and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1 rocuronium. Women in the spinal anesthesia group (Group SA, n = 74) were administered 0.5% (10 mg) hypertonic bupivacaine and 10 mcg fentanyl. Results: There were no significant differences between Group SA, Group P, and Group T in terms of delivery time; neonatal 1- and 5-min Apgar scores; neonatal jaundice rates; neonatal systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure or peak heart rate; neonatal intensive care requirement; pH, PCO2, PO2 values in cord blood gas; or neonatal glucose and lactate values. The rate of ephedrine use was significantly higher in Group SA than in Group P and Group T. Maternal satisfaction score was higher in Group SA at postoperative 4 hours and in Group P at 24 hours. The number of newborns taken into intensive care unit in Group T was significantly higher in the 1st hour, 4th hour, 5th hour and total. Respectively p value (0.006, 0,048, 0,048, and 0,005). Pain on injection was present in 55% of patients (n = 81), mild in 36% (n = 54), and severe in 18% (n = 27). Myoclonies occurred in 4% of patients (n = 7) and local rash in 6% of patients (n = 10). Differences between formulations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: None of the three anesthesia methods showed superiority after elective cesarean delivery. However, spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia with propofol are more appropriate for pregnant women in terms of effects on the neonate.

Hydrocephalus is a rare complication of brain involving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The standard treatment is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, while ventriculoatrial (VA) shunting is the second option in a case of VP shunt failure in young children. But the presence of port catheter at the right atrium restricts and makes a VA shunt difficult to place in the same atrium. We presented a 4-year-old boy who had the diagnoses of ALL and underwent chemotherapy through a port-a-cath. He also had hydrocephalus due to the brain invasion of the ALL. He firstly underwent VP shunting for the treatment of hydrocephalus, but it failed due to an intraabdominal cyst. Then, he underwent VA shunting through the left internal jugular vein. This is the first case in the literature showing both catheters in the right atrium.

Background Etiology of the varicose veins is still partly known. It has been proposed that varicose veins formation might be a cause of the oxidative stress and/or cause from genetical reasons. Method The levels of antioxidant defense system enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and an oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde, were measured in saphenous vein samples of varicose veins patients. Additionally, genetical polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase theta-1 has been studied. Result In this study, measurements revealed significant increase in catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the patient group, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and comparison of the null mutation frequency in the glutathione S-transferase theta-1 gene did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusion We propose that the increase in catalase and malondialdehyde activities in our patient group may be related to each other. Increase in catalase levels, an antioxidant enzyme might be a compensatory response to the increase in malondialdehyde levels, an oxidative molecule.

AIMS JAK2V617F (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR) and MPL515L/K (MPL) mutations are important in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and may be associated with various clinical consequences of the disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical and haematological parameters of ET patients regarding the mentioned mutations and the role of plateletcrit (PCT). METHODS Seventy patients who were diagnosed with ET between 2005 and 2017 in a single centre were included in this descriptive study. The initial symptoms and clinical findings were retrieved from the electronic database. JAK2 gene V617F mutations, MPL gene exon 10 mutations and CALR gene exon 9 DNA sequence analyses were performed. Forty-one healthy volunteers were included to perform ROC curve analysis for interpreting PCT value. RESULTS The distributions of patients according to the mutations were as follows: Thirty-seven (52.9%) patients were JAK2-positive, 15 (21.4%) were CALR-positive, 2 (2.8%) patients were positive for both CALR and JAK2, and 1 (1.4%) was only MPL-positive. Fifteen (21.4%) patients were triple-negative. The ET patients with JAK2 mutation showed a higher level of haemoglobin at the time of diagnosis. The ET patients with CALR mutation presented with higher platelet and LDH levels (P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). The PCT level was higher in the CALR-positive group when compared to the others (P = .026). A sensitivity value of 97.6% and specificity value of 98.6% were determined regarding PCT% at a cut-off value of 0.37 in ET patients. In CALR-positive patients, the sensitivity and specificity values were 100% for the PCT at a cut-off value of 0.42%. CONCLUSION We determined that the platelet count and blood LDH level was high in the ET patient group with CALR mutation. Besides, we found that the blood haemoglobin level was higher in the ET patient group with JAK2 mutation. Additionally, the PCT level was higher in the CALR group when compared to the other patient groups.