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Anharmonicity can greatly affect rate constants. One or even several orders of magnitude of deviation are found for obtaining rate constants using the standard rigid-rotor harmonic-oscillator model. In turn, reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a powerful way to explore chemical reaction networks and calculate rate constants from the fully anharmonic potential energy surface. However, the classical nature of the dynamics and the required numerical efficiency of the force field limit the accuracy of the resulting kinetics. We combine the best of both worlds by presenting an approximation that pairs anharmonic information intrinsic to classical MD with high-accuracy energies and frequencies from quantum-mechanical electronic structure calculations. The proposed scheme is applied to hydrogen abstractions in the methane system, which allows for the benchmarking of rate constants corrected by our approach against experimental rate constants. This comparison reveals a standard deviation of factor 2.6. Two archetypes of possible failure are identified in the course of a detailed investigation of the CH3• + H• → CH22• + H2 reaction. From this follows the application range of the method, within which the method shows a standard deviation of factor 2.1. The computational efficiency and beneficial scaling of the method allow for application to larger systems, as shown for hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone by HO2•.

Biomass derived chemicals may offer sustainable alternatives to petroleum derived hydrocarbons, while also enhancing engine combustion performance with co-optimization of fuels and engines. This paper presents a numerical study on the oxidation and combustion of a novel biofuel compound, cyclopentanol. Its reaction kinetics and thermochemistry are first explored using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. Thermochemical properties are calculated for cyclopentanol and a set of its key oxidation intermediates. C-H bond dissociation energies of cyclopentanol are computed for different carbon sites. For the fuel radicals, the energy barriers of their ring-opening reactions and the potential energy surfaces of their oxidation reactions are determined. Based on the theoretical results, a chemical kinetic mechanism is proposed to describe the oxidation of cyclopentanol at low and high temperatures. The model is compared against data obtained from shock tube, rapid compression machine, combustion vessel, and counterflow burner experiments over a range of initial conditions. Furthermore, reaction pathway analysis is performed using the present mechanism to give insights into the underlying oxidation chemistry of cyclopentanol. It is found that the α-radical of cyclopentanol undergoes preferably an alcohol-specific HO2 elimination reaction to form stable cyclopentanone and this reaction can strongly retard reactivity. The major reaction pathways of β- and γ-radicals are similar to those of cyclopentyl radicals that are the sequential and formally direct reactions of fuel radicals with O2 to form cyclopentenols and HO2 radicals. The existence of the hydroxy moiety affects the bond dissociation energies and reaction barriers, slightly favoring the chain-branching channel for γ-radicals at low temperatures.

The kinetics of chemical reactions in the liquid phase are often strongly determined by the reaction solvent. Consequently, the choice of the optimal solvent is an important task in chemical proces...

In this study (Part II), the oxidation of dimethoxymethane (DMM) is investigated and a detailed chemical reaction model developed for a comprehensive description of both high- and low-temperature oxidation processes. The sub-mechanism of DMM is implemented using AramcoMech2.0 as the base mechanism. Rate coefficients are based on analogies with those for dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, and n-pentane oxidation. Furthermore, theoretical studies from recent works are also included in the present model and new calculations for the dissociation kinetics of Q ˙ OOH radicals have been carried out at the CCSD(T)/CBS(aug-cc-pVXZ; X = D, T) // B2PLYP-D3/6-311 + + G(d,p) level of theory. For validation, new ignition delay time experiments have been performed in a shock tube (ST), a rapid compression machine (RCM), and in a laminar flow reactor covering a wide range of conditions (p = 1–40 bar, T = 590–1215 K, φ = 1). In addition, the kinetic model is validated against laminar burning velocities, jet-stirred reactor, plug flow reactor and further ST and RCM experimental datasets from the literature. Pathway and sensitivity analyses were used to identify critical reaction pathways in the DMM oxidation mechanism. These show that the reactivity of DMM at intermediate temperatures is controlled by the branching between pathways initiated on the primary or secondary fuel radical. While primary fuel radicals eventually lead to chain branching, secondary fuel radical consumption is controlled by fast β-scission over a wide range of temperatures, which inhibits reactivity.

The chemistry of urethanes plays a key role in important industrial processes. Although catalysts are often used, the study of the reactions without added catalysts provides the basis for a deeper understanding. For the non‐catalytic urethane formation and cleavage reactions, the dominating reaction mechanism has long been debated. To our knowledge, the reaction kinetics have not been predicted quantitatively so far. Therefore, we report a new computational study of urethane formation and cleavage reactions. To analyze various potential reaction mechanisms and to predict the reaction rate constants quantum chemistry and transition state theory were employed. For validation, experimental data from literature and from own experiments were used. Quantitative agreement of experiments and predictions could be demonstrated. The calculations confirm earlier assumptions that urethane formation reactions proceed via mechanisms where alcohol molecules act as auto‐catalysts. Our results show that it is essential to consider several transition states corresponding to different reaction orders to enable agreement with experimental observations. Urethane cleavage seems to be catalyzed by an isourethane, leading to an observed 2nd‐order dependence of the reaction rate on the urethane concentration. The results of our study support a deeper understanding of the reactions as well as a better description of reaction kinetics and will therefore help in catalyst development and process optimization., Reaction kinetics and mechanisms of urethane formation and cleavage reactions were investigated based on advanced quantum chemical methods. These reactions represent important model reactions in urethane chemistry. The results confirm that both urethane formation and cleavage proceed via autocatalytic mechanisms. Several mechanisms contribute to the observed reaction rate for urethane formation. A validation using own experimental data and literature data confirmed that the used quantum chemical methods yield quantitative predictions.

Combustion and flame 189, 433-442 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.07.037, Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

A novel lignocellulosic biofuel 2-butyltetrahydrofuran (2-BTHF) is investigated experimentally and numerically in the present study. Laminar burning velocities were measured in a combustion vessel. Ignition delay times were experimentally determined in a rapid compression machine and in a shock tube at high pressures covering a wide temperature range. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism is proposed to describe the oxidation of 2-BTHF at both low and high temperatures. It is demonstrated that the model gives satisfactory results for the various experimental configurations. For a better understanding of the oxidation kinetics, the chemical model is further used to elucidate the reaction pathways of 2-BTHF. A comparison of its ignition behavior with other C 8 hydrocarbons is further presented and the impact of the tetrahydrofuranic ring on the fuel ignition characteristics is highlighted and analyzed.

Journal of chemical information and modeling 58(7), 1343-1355 (2018). doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00078, Published by American Chemical Society, Washington, DC