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Copyright of Sexuality, Gender & Policy Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Regional is the property of Historia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bolivia prohibits discrimination based on gender identity and passed a ground-breaking gender identity law. These laws had little support among voters and passed along with heteronormative measures. Why did activists succeed in proposing and passing legislation that most voters did not support? Why were Bolivia's advances in LGBTQ+ rights accompanied by heteronormative laws? We argue that parties with deep ties to social movements are more likely to advance legislation that expands LGBTQ+ rights than other parties and that contradictory laws emerge where both organized religion and LGBTQ+ activists are party constituents. We describe how Bolivian trans activists leveraged their access to ruling party legislators, using interviews with activists and officials, and briefly discuss the cases of Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of sexual and gender identity in the United States has been evolving to generate more precise demographic estimates of the population and a better understanding of health and well-being. Younger cohorts of sexual- and gender-diverse adults are endorsing identities outside of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) labels. Current population-level surveys often include a category such as "something else" without providing further details, and doing so inadequately captures these diverse identities. In this research note, our analysis of the most recent federal data source to incorporate sexual and gender identity measures-the Household Pulse Survey-reveals that younger birth cohorts are more likely to select "something else" for their sexual identity and "none of these" for their gender identity. The observed sexual and gender identity response patterns across birth cohorts underscore the importance of developing and applying new strategies to directly measure sexual- and gender-diverse adults who identify with identities outside of those explicitly captured on surveys. The integration of sexual and gender identity measures in population-level surveys carries broader implications for civil rights and for addressing health inequities and therefore must be responsive to cohort differences in identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how the Academy Award for A Fantastic Woman facilitated the adoption of Chile's Gender Identity Law. Approved in 2018 after languishing for over five years in Congress, the law establishes individuals' right to modify their national identification documents without the need to change their physical appearance or receive prior court authorisation. While trans rights activists extensively lobbied for a law that guaranteed access to gender marker changes, conservatives rejected the initiative, framing their opposition in terms of Christian values and against the 'gender ideology' that purportedly informed the bill. We argue that this backlash dissipated in the wake of the award. International recognition made support for trans rights temporarily a matter of national pride, thereby opening a window of opportunity for the approval of the law. The case of Chile's Gender Identity Law illustrates how international status cues can foster normative change by mobilising affect in domestic audiences. It contributes to recent debates on status and domestic political change, and the role that emotion and affect play in world politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an analysis of the ontoepistemological aspects involved in the current debates around the sex-gendered body in Argentina. We use theoretical tools of feminist phenomenology, feminist epistemology and new feminist materialisms to analyze, on the one hand, how the Argentinian State understands the sex-gendered body and, on the other, a series of statements present in trans-exclusionary discourses that intervene in a conflictive way in these debates. We seek to clear the field of feminist debates in order to determine which positions allow us to advance, and which ones make us go back. We conclude that, while the notions contained in the gender identity law are supported by current feminist knowledge, trans-exclusionary discourses that dispute its content represent a patriarchal ontoepistemological framework of understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the court case, Kluge v. Brownsburg Community School Corp., which involves a school district's policies on behavioral or procedural expectations with respect to conforming to students' expressed gender identities. It discusses facts of the case, details of protection on rights to free speech under the U.S. First Amendment, and the Court of the Southern District of Indiana's decision on the case.

In this paper, I think about gender identity of transgender people from George H. Mead’s ideas. I use Mead’s self theory’s concepts, emphasizing links between concepts of Generalized Other and Me, and society’s principles, values and beliefs. Based on these concepts, I think about ways we predominantly understand individuals’ gender in Argentina, I analyze the challenge posed by transgender persons to gender hegemonic conceptions, and I consider changes in ways we conceive gender in Argentina in recent years — specially after Gender Identity law enactment. Conclusions: Mead's ideas allow us to think about individuals’ gender identity as an interaction between subjective experience of self-perceived gender and society’s prevailing gender conceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reviews Portugal's path in addressing non-normative gender identities, focusing particularly on legal gender recognition. While recognition is not limited to enshrining rights in the law – especially the right to the acknowledgement of (self)identity by the state – the legal step is one that is clearly fundamental to making overall recognition a reality. Portugal is an interesting case study, having shifted in less than a decade – the second of the twenty-first century – from a complete absence of trans issues in legislation to the passage of a law on gender identity based on self-determination. Using analysis of legislation and interviews of trans people and representatives of the LGBTQI+ movement conducted during two research projects spanning the last fifteen years, we analyse the macro-level transformations and how they are reflected, at the micro-level, in the trans people's inclusion in or exclusion from legal recognition, and in the extension of this basic condition of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is making evident that the Spanish legislation does not regulate, forgets and even harms many of the rights of Trans people. For that, this research performed a study of the resolutions, recommendation and reports of the international organization, as well as the international norms and jurisprudence. As a result of this, the research was able to prove that Spain is far behind countries such as Argentina in matters of gender identity. One of the conclusions of this work is that the Spanish State should approve a new gender identity law that regulates this right from a de-pathologizing perspective, and apply gender studies in all of its laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research will examine one type of official identity – the birth certificate – and how the ability to alter such a document, after the enactment of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 in the United Kingdom, affected individual trans people's motivations to alter, or not, the official sex/gender identity marker on their birth certificates. An examination will be made of a series of interviews conducted with trans identified persons in order to better understand the motivation, or not, to change one's official sex/gender identity marker on a birth certificate from that which was medically assigned at birth. Respondents reported a number of motivations including access to various social and legal benefits, a greater sense of psychological well-being, and a desire for jurisdictional coherence. They also reported a number of non-motivations including the financial burden, ethical objections to having to be judged by a panel of presumed experts, and the desire for conflicting documents as a form of willful political protest. The goal of this research is to better understand the motivations, or lack thereof, of individuals to alter (or not) the official sex/gender marker on their birth certificate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue on topics including gender identity, politics of the Gender Recognition Act backlash, and the use of non-binary and other proliferated ways of understanding gender.

In Argentina, the Gender Identity Law allowed people to be recognized for their gender. The same law also guarantees access to health with the same efficiency that exists for access to a new identity document, but the reality does not reflect these developments. Health indicators show the vulnerability of the LGBT population to adverse health events, including HIV prevalence rates in trans women. This article takes a brief tour of the advances in health care for the LGBT population in the province of San Luis, valuing the role of mental health professionals. Accessibility plays a central role and the strategy of prevention centers for HIV and STD testing is an accessibility model that the Friendly Clinics for Sexual Diversity take as a reference. Mental health professionals who perform their functions in public health are an active part in the development of strategies that reinforce the accessibility of the LGBT population to health systems through: interventions under a rights approach, co-management work with institutions of government and civil society organizations, ongoing training and generation of epidemiological information on mental health, thus contributing to a comprehensive approach to the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article argues that the expressive components of gender-stereotyping theory serve to delink the equality protections afforded by that theory from fixed and predetermined identity categories in helpful and positive ways. Many have viewed American antidiscrimination law as being normatively grounded in the notion that there are certain identities that, because of their stable and immutable characteristics, deserve equality-based protections. Gender-stereotyping theory can help make the normative case for a more pluralistic understanding of equality, one that is grounded in the need to protect the fluid and multiple ways in which gender is performed or expressed rather than focusing, as American antidiscrimination law has traditionally done, on protecting limited categories of essentialized, fixed, and finite identity categories. In short, gender-stereotyping theory, properly understood, offers a practical way of articulating and implementing a theory of equality that does not depend on the existence of a limited number of privileged identities. A proper understanding of gender-stereotyping theory--one that focuses on how expressive performances of gender and sexuality identities may trigger responses by defendants that are motivated by sex stereotypes--can help antidiscrimination law move away from the notion that plaintiffs must identify according to certain fixed, stable, and predetermined categories in order to succeed in their equality claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the current state of law and policy in relation to US transgender youth and their lived experiences. We approach this from different disciplinary backgrounds, identities, and ways of writing terms related to gender identity. We begin with an examination of the current legal climate in the USA and explore how students have pushed back against gender and sexuality norms even in a restrictive climate. Some transformations are already happening in public schools and some backlash, too, is being felt. Laws and policies in some locations are encouraging students, teachers, school leaders and community members to collaborate in making schools more educationally concerned about trans student success and teaching the school community about gender diversity. In shifting among scales and experiences of youth thinking and working on gender, we aim to emphasise youth agency and outline young people’s frustrations at the obstacles related to trans, gender dissidence and sexuality. In conclusion, we point to changes that can be made in schools to help professionals understand how policy and curricular innovation can bolster the openings that trans, gender creative and gender non-binary youth are already creating, whether or not those opportunities are officially recognised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including LGBTIQ+ people struggle, queer history, and queer collective identity.

When the U.S. Supreme Court declared that same-sex marriage would be legal throughout the country, that decision did not end the possibility of other types of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. The U.S. Supreme Court has been very unclear about what standard to use when the courts face claims of discrimination based on these characteristics. In cases decided under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, the Court has stated that lower courts should use one of three standards, based on the type of discrimination alleged. These three standards for review are known as rational basis, intermediate review, and strict scrutiny. This article, based on both empirical and normative analysis, will explore the proper legal standard that the Supreme Court should use in these cases. Since several states have begun to enact laws that encourage discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, this article will argue that the Supreme Court should use strict scrutiny in these cases because the LGBT community is clearly a discrete and insular minority subject to targeted discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examine the medical and psychological distinctions between sex and gender, which form the basis for understanding and treating transgender individuals in the U.S. Topics discussed include judicial incorporation of medical and psychological literature and practice; psychological distinction between "sex" and "gender;" and the decision of a British Court in the "Corbett v. Corbett," case on sex/gender determination.