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The management of postoperative bleeding, after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), has become particularly important because of the recent increase in antithrombotic use. Endoscopic shielding with polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets has been shown to be effective. However, shrinkage and early displacement of the sheet remain challenges. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of our developed method, named wafer paper and ring-mounted PGA sheet (WaRP). Twenty-four patients with antithrombotic uptake who underwent the WaRP method following gastric ESD were retrospectively examined. This involved the delivery of a PGA sheet wrapped in wafer paper with ring-thread, and its fixation on the gastric floor using hemoclips. The primary outcome was the technical success rate of the WaRP, and several secondary outcomes were evaluated. The technical success rate of WaRP was 100%. The procedure lasted a mean of 10.5 min (SD 6.7 min). The prevalence of complete retention at follow-up endoscopy was 83.3% (20/24). There were no WaRP-associated complications, but post-ESD hemorrhage occurred in two patients undergoing hemodialysis (8.3%). The WaRP method is a simple and reliable means of PGA sheet delivery and placement that reduces the incidence of post-ESD hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides highlights of recent clinically relevant papers in the field of equine veterinary medicine. The first study compares the efficacy and safety of oral esomeprazole and omeprazole pastes in the treatment of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD). The results show that esomeprazole was more effective in treating ESGD and concurrent EGGD. The second study investigates the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis, the contagious equine metritis organism, using different types of swabs. The findings suggest that dry swabs perform as well as swabs in transport medium for PCR testing. The third study examines the effect of triamcinolone acetate on blood insulin and glucose concentrations in horses. The results indicate that a single intra-articular dose of triamcinolone acetate increases blood insulin and glucose concentrations for 48 hours in horses with normal insulin sensitivity. The fourth study characterizes the oral Gram-negative microbiota of healthy horses and evaluates their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The study finds that the isolates are multidrug-resistant and have a higher resistance to macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones. The fifth study compares the occurrence of postoperative complications and survival in horses with ileal impactions resolved by manual decompression versus jejunal enterotomy. The results show no significant differences between the two surgical methods. The final study documents a previously unreported presentation of [Extracted from the article]

This article presents information about several research papers which were presented during the conference of Association of Laparoscopic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. The conference was held during November 25-26, 2004, in Liverpool, England. The first paper is "Totally Laparoscopic Anatomical Left Lateral Hepatic Sectionectomy: Technique and Initial Experience." Results show that totally laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy is feasible and safe in selected patients. Another study is "Applications of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Patients With Gastric Outlet Obstruction and Obstructive Jaundice." It was found that gastric and biliary bypass can be performed safely by the laparoscopic approach in all comers with benign or malignant disease who require surgery to palliate or prevent gastric outlet obstruction or obstructive jaundice.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current stomach disease detection and diagnosis is challenged by data complexity and high dimensionality and requires effective deep learning algorithms to improve diagnostic accuracy. To address this challenge, in this paper, an improved strategy based on the Adam algorithm is proposed, which aims to alleviate the influence of local optimal solutions, overfitting, and slow convergence rates by controlling the restart strategy and the gradient norm joint clipping technique. This improved algorithm is abbreviated as the CG-Adam algorithm. The control restart strategy performs a restart operation by periodically checking the number of steps and once the number of steps reaches a preset restart period. After the restart is completed, the algorithm will restart the optimization process. It helps the algorithm avoid falling into the local optimum and maintain convergence stability. Meanwhile, gradient norm joint clipping combines both gradient clipping and norm clipping techniques, which can avoid gradient explosion and gradient vanishing problems and help accelerate the convergence of the optimization process by restricting the gradient and norm to a suitable range. In order to verify the effectiveness of the CG-Adam algorithm, experimental validation is carried out on the MNIST, CIFAR10, and Stomach datasets and compared with the Adam algorithm as well as the current popular optimization algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm proposed in this paper achieves an accuracy of 98.59%, 70.7%, and 73.2% on the MNIST, CIFAR10, and Stomach datasets, respectively, surpassing the Adam algorithm. The experimental results not only prove the significant effect of the CG-Adam algorithm in accelerating the model convergence and improving generalization performance but also demonstrate its wide potential and practical application value in the field of medical image recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Oncology is the property of Editorial Board of China Oncology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focuses on the revisions to American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists position papers on gastrointestinal decontamination. Developments in clinical toxicology research; Application of alternate day allocation or pseudo randomization in gastrointestinal decontamination studies; Shortcomings of the evidence for interventions in clinical toxicology.

Simple Summary: Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is a common disease in horses worldwide, with different prevalences in various categories and breeds. It is divided into two different illnesses, based on the mucosa affected: Equine Squamous Gastric Disease, if it involves the squamous mucosa, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease, if the lesions are located in the glandular portion of the stomach. The effect of sex on gastric ulcers, especially on the squamous mucosa, is not completely elucidated: some studies found a higher prevalence of lesions of the squamous mucosa in geldings and stallions, while others failed to identify a sex as a risk factor. The few studies on glandular lesions did not show any correlation between sex and ulcers. A paper investigating only Thoroughbred mares at pasture found that about 70% of them had gastric ulcers, especially on the squamous mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the disease in a population of male horses, and determine if their breeding or sports career can influence the development of gastric lesions. Gastroscopies were performed in 101 males, after recording data about their breeding and exercise history, management, and presence of clinical signs. Breeding activity does not determine the presence or severity of gastric lesions in either mucosa, while exercise and a combination of both exercise and breeding is associated with ulcers in the glandular mucosa. Clinical signs are correlated only with the severity of lesions in the squamous one. Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease, and includes two different syndromes, Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD), affecting the squamous mucosa, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), affecting the glandular mucosa. These two diseases are present in different categories (different activities, ages, etc.) and breeds of horses. The effect of sex on gastric health is not clear: some studies found a higher prevalence of ESGD in geldings and stallions, while others found no influence of sex on the squamous mucosa. The few studies conducted on glandular diseases failed to identify sex as a risk factor. The only study on breeding horses, focused on Thoroughbred mares at pasture, found that 70% of them were affected by gastric ulcerations especially in the squamous mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EGUS, ESGD, and EGGD in intact males while also investigating the potential influences of breeding and exercise activity on the occurrence and severity of the diseases. A total of 101 intact males were admitted for gastroscopic examination. Comprehensive data regarding their breeding and sports history, management, and presence of clinical signs were recorded. A statistical analysis was performed. Within this equine population, no discernible relationship was found between breeding activity and occurrence and severity of ESGD or EGGD. Exercise and a combination of exercise and breeding activities were found to be associated with the occurrence of EGGD. The presence of clinical signs was correlated only with the grade of ESGD in this cohort of horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include diagnosis of collagenous colitis, ulcer of remnant stomach and foreign bodies in upper gastrointestinal tract.

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include the definition and classification of early gastric cancer, diagnosis and treatment of laterally spreading tumor and a case of metachronously developing multiple gastric dieulafoy's ulcers.

Naturally derived alkaloids belong to a class of quite significant organic compounds. Coptisine, a benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the major bioactive constituents in Coptis chinensis Franch., which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. C. chinensis possesses many kinds of functions, including the ability to eliminate heat, expel dampness, purge fire, and remove noxious substances. In Asian countries, C. chinensis is traditionally employed to treat carbuncle and furuncle, diabetes, jaundice, stomach and intestinal disorders, red eyes, toothache, and skin disorders. Up to now, there has been plenty of research of coptisine with respect to its pharmacology. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of coptisine-associated research is urgently needed. This paper was designed to summarize in detail the progress in the research of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and formulation of coptisine. The related studies included in this paper were retrieved from the following academic databases: The Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, and CNKI. The cutoff date was January 2023. Coptisine manifests various pharmacological actions, including anticancer, antimetabolic disease, anti-inflammatory disease, and antigastrointestinal disease effects, among others. Based on its pharmacokinetics, the primary metabolic site of coptisine is the liver. Coptisine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal system, and most of it is expelled in the form of its prototype through feces. Regarding safety, coptisine displayed potential hepatotoxicity. Some novel formulations, including the β -cyclodextrin-based inclusion complex and nanocarriers, could effectively enhance the bioavailability of coptisine. The traditional use of C. chinensis is closely connected with the pharmacological actions of coptisine. Although there are some disadvantages, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and possible hepatotoxicity, coptisine is still a prospective naturally derived drug candidate, especially in the treatment of tumors as well as metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further investigation of coptisine is necessary to facilitate the application of coptisine-based drugs in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric perforations and leaks are significant complications that can arise from various gastrointestinal disorders and surgical interventions. Over the past decade, endoscopic techniques have emerged as an effective method for managing these conditions. Furthermore, as endoscopic resection techniques have grown in popularity, the risk of acute and delayed perforations has also grown. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the endoscopic management strategies employed in the management of gastric perforations and leaks. We will discuss the etiology, diagnostic modalities, and various endoscopic techniques utilized, as well as emerging trends in endoscopic management. Our attempt in writing this review paper is to educate and guide clinicians in making informed decisions when faced with gastric perforations and leaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of articles regarding a case of trichobezoars in the stomach by Christian Rovsing and a young lady with Grave's disease by Dr. Carl Schwensen is presented.

Diagnosing gastrointestinal cancer by classical means is a hazardous procedure. Years have witnessed several computerized solutions for stomach disease detection and classification. However, the existing techniques faced challenges, such as irrelevant feature extraction, high similarity among different disease symptoms, and the leastimportant features from a single source. This paper designed a new deep learning-based architecture based on the fusion of two models, Residual blocks and Auto Encoder. First, the Hyper-Kvasir dataset was employed to evaluate the proposed work. The research selected a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model and improved it with several residual blocks. This process aims to improve the learning capability of deep models and lessen the number of parameters. Besides, this article designed an Auto-Encoder-based network consisting of five convolutional layers in the encoder stage and five in the decoder phase. The research selected the global average pooling and convolutional layers for the feature extraction optimized by a hybrid Marine Predator optimization and Slime Mould optimization algorithm. These features of both models are fused using a novel fusion technique that is later classified using the Artificial Neural Network classifier. The experiment worked on the HyperKvasir dataset,which consists of 23 stomach-infected classes.At last, the proposedmethod obtained an improved accuracy of 93.90% on this dataset. Comparison is also conducted with some recent techniques and shows that the proposed method’s accuracy is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endoscopy procedure has demonstrated great efficiency in detecting stomach lesions, with extensive numbers of endoscope images produced globally each day. The content‐based gastric image retrieval (CBGIR) system has demonstrated substantial potential in gastric image analysis. Gastric precancerous diseases (GPD) have higher prevalence in gastric cancer patients. Thus, effective intervention is crucial at the GPD stage. In this paper, a CBGIR method is proposed using a modified ResNet‐18 to generate binary hash codes for a rapid and accurate image retrieval process. We tested several popular models (AlexNet, VGGNet and ResNet), with ResNet‐18 determined as the optimum option. Our proposed method was valued using a GPD data set, resulting in a classification accuracy of 96.21 ± 0.66% and a mean average precision of 0.927 ± 0.006, outperforming other state‐of‐art conventional methods. Furthermore, we constructed a Gastric‐Map (GM) based on feature representations in order to visualize the retrieval results. This work has great auxiliary significance for endoscopists in terms of understanding the typical GPD characteristics and improving aided diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that mainly colonizes the stomach and duodenum, and it can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, and eradication of H. pylori can effectively stop the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases. Antibiotics are one of the main drugs used to treat H. pylori. Due to the long-term application of antibiotics, the resistance rate of H. pylori to antibiotics increases year by year, which greatly reduces the eradication rate of H. pylori and increases the difficulty of re-treatment and the economic burden of patients. In this paper, we will review three aspects of H. pylori resistance status, resistance mechanism and treatment to provide reference for the progress of H. pylori resistance research and its treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The presented work has been developed to be used in operating rooms, during upper gastrointestinal exploration of the stomach. The system can distinguish between healthy mucosa, chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. In this paper, we are interested in the in vivo detection of pre-cancerous stomach lesions. Pre-cancerous lesions are unfortunately rarely explored in research papers as most of them are focused on cancer detection or conducted ex-vivo. For this purpose, a novel prototype is introduced. It consists of a standard endoscope with multispectral cameras, an optical setup, a fiberscope, and an external light source. Reflectance spectra are acquired in vivo on 16 patients with a healthy stomach, chronic gastritis, or intestinal metaplasia. A specific pipeline has been designed for the classification of spectra between healthy mucosa and different pathologies. The pipeline includes a wavelength clustering algorithm, spectral features computation, and the training of a classifier in a "leave one patient out" manner. Good classification results, around 80%, have been obtained, and two attractive wavelength ranges were found in the red and near-infrared ranges: [745, 755 nm] and [780, 840 nm]. The new prototype and the associated results give good arguments in favor of future common use in operating rooms, during upper gastrointestinal exploration of the stomach for the detection of stomach diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is a deadly disease and gastric polyps are at high risk of becoming cancerous. Therefore, the timely detection of gastric polyp is of great importance which can reduce the incidence of gastric cancer effectively. At present, the object detection method based on deep learning is widely used in medical images. However, as the contrast between the background and the polyps is not strong in gastroscopic image, it is difficult to distinguish various sizes of polyps from the background. In this paper, to improve the detection performance metrics of endoscopic gastric polyps, we propose an improved attentional feature fusion module. First, in order to enhance the contrast between the background and the polyps, we propose an attention module that enables the network to make full use of the target location information, it can suppress the interference of the background information and highlight the effective features. Therefore, on the basis of accurate positioning, it can focus on detecting whether the current location is the gastric polyp or background. Then, it is combined with our feature fusion module to form a new attentional feature fusion model that can mitigate the effects caused by semantic differences in the processing of feature fusion, using multi-scale fusion information to obtain more accurate attention weights and improve the detection performance of polyps of different sizes. In this work, we conduct experiments on our own dataset of gastric polyps. Experimental results show that the proposed attentional feature fusion module is better than the common feature fusion module and can improve the situation where polyps are missed or misdetected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as the causative organism for gastric and duodenal ulcers four decades ago and subsequent recognition as class 1 gastric carcinogen, countless numbers of studies have been conducted and papers published, on the efficacy of various management strategies to eradicate the infection. In adults, a global consensus by the experts in the field concluded that H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and requires treatment irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms due to the potential for serious complication like peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia. However, although more than half the world's population harbors H. pylori, these serious complications occur only in a small minority of the infected population, even less so in childhood. More importantly, there is accumulating evidence for beneficial role of H. pylori against many chronic health conditions, from several epidemiological and laboratory studies. No doubt, eradication therapy is indicated in children with H. pylori- related peptic ulcer disease. Even though the pediatric guidelines from various learned societies recommend against a "test and treat" strategy, this is not always adhered to. With the accumulating evidence of the possible beneficial role of H. pylori, it is time to pause and think, are we causing more harm than good by eradicating H. pylori in every child who has this bug? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method of the station number assignment to the abdominal lymph node for assisting gastric cancer surgery. In gastric cancer surgery, surgeons need to dissect not only the stomach but also surrounding lymph nodes. Therefore, it is important to understand the area where the lymph nodes exist prior to surgery. The proposed method assigns station numbers to each lymph node extracted from a CT volume. Since arteries are in close relation to the station numbers around the stomach, we utilise the arteries' information for assigning the station numbers. The vessel dominant map is introduced to analyse the spatial relationships between the lymph nodes and the surrounding arteries. This map is computed based on three-dimensional Euclidean distance transformation. The proposed method classifies the lymph nodes into eight groups, which are defined by the station numbers, using the vessel dominant map. We evaluated the proposed method using 10 data sets that include 77 lymph nodes. Lymph node extraction and blood vessel labelling were performed manually on these volumes. The proposed method could label lymph node station numbers with an accuracy of 76.6%. This result showed that the proposed method was useful for assisting gastric cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and is the leading cause of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as the most definite and controllable risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Currently, the regimen for H. pylori eradication has changed from triple to quadruple, the course of treatment has been extended, and the type and dose of antibiotics have been adjusted, with limited improvement in efficacy but gradually increasing side effects and repeated treatment failures in an increasing number of patients. In recent years, probiotics have become one of the most important tools for supporting intestinal health and immunity. Numerous in vitro studies, animal studies, and clinical observations have demonstrated that probiotics have the advantage of reducing side effects and increasing eradication rates in adjuvant anti-H. pylori therapy and are a valuable supplement to conventional therapy. However, many different types of probiotics are used as adjuncts against H. pylori, in various combinations, with different doses and timing, and the quality of clinical studies varies, making it difficult to standardize the results. In this paper, we focus on the risk, status, prevention, control, and treatment of H. pylori infection and review international consensus guidelines. We also summarize the available scientific evidence on using Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) as a critical probiotic for H. pylori treatment and discuss its clinical research and application from an evidence-based perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to automatic classify capsule gastroscope image into three categories to prevent high-risk factors for carcinogenesis, such as atrophic gastritis (AG). The purpose of this research work is to develop a deep learning framework based on transfer learning to classify capsule gastroscope image into three categories: normal gastroscopic image, chronic erosive gastritis images, and ulcer gastric image. Method: In this research work, we proposed deep learning framework based on transfer learning to classify capsule gastroscope image into three categories: normal gastroscopic image, chronic erosive gastritis images, and ulcer gastric image. We used VGG- 16, ResNet-50, and Inception V3 pre-trained models, fine-tuned them and adjust hyperparameters according to our classification problem. Results: A dataset containing 380 images was collected for each capsule gastroscope image category, and divided into training set and test set in a ratio of 70%, and 30% respectively, and then based on the dataset, three methods, including as VGG- 16, ResNet-50, and Inception v3 are used. We achieved highest accuracy of 94.80% by using VGG- 16 to diagnose and classify capsule gastroscopic images into three categories: normal gastroscopic image, chronic erosive gastritis images, and ulcer gastric image. Our proposed approach classified capsule gastroscope image with respectable specificity and accuracy. Conclusion: The primary technique and industry standard for diagnosing and treating numerous stomach problems is gastroscopy. Capsule gastroscope is a new screening tool for gastric diseases. However, a number of elements, including image quality of capsule endoscopy, the doctors' experience and fatigue, limit its effectiveness. Early identification is necessary for high-risk factors for carcinogenesis, such as atrophic gastritis (AG). Our suggested framework will help prevent incorrect diagnoses brought on by low image quality, individual experience, and inadequate gastroscopy inspection coverage, among other factors. As a result, the suggested approach will raise the standard of gastroscopy. Deep learning has great potential in gastritis image classification for assisting with achieving accurate diagnoses after endoscopic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptic ulcer disease is a frequent clinical problem with potentially serious complications such as bleeding or perforation. A decisive factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers is gastric acid, the secretion of which is controlled by the hormone gastrin released from gastric G cells. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating gastrin plasma concentrations are poorly understood. Here, we identified a semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that operates in gastric G cells to inhibit gastrin expression on a transcriptional level, thereby limiting food-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. Using a systematic siRNA screening approach combined with biochemical, cell biology, and in vivo mouse experiments, we found that the RasGAP protein Rasal1 is a central mediator of plexin signal transduction, which suppresses gastrin expression through inactivation of the small GTPase R-Ras. Moreover, we show that Rasal1 is pathophysiologically relevant for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a main risk factor of peptic ulcers in humans. Last, we show that application of recombinant semaphorin 4D alleviates peptic ulcer disease in mice in vivo, demonstrating that this signaling pathway can be harnessed pharmacologically. This study unravels a mode of G cell regulation that is functionally important in gastric homeostasis and disease. Easing gastric acid: Proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to treat gastric acid–related issues, but these drugs may have serious long-term side effects. Xu et al. show that semaphorin-plexin-RasGAP signaling represses gastrin mRNA expression and food-induced gastric acid secretion. Intravenous administration of semaphorin 4D ameliorated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–induced peptic ulcers in mouse models. This paper establishes a signaling axis that may help in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Legacy of Huangdi Neijing Suwen, the spleen is likened to the "Official in Charge of Admonition and Arbitration", and its mechanism of action is closely related to the physiological characteristics of the spleen. The spleen's function is based on its " concealment of the mind and mastery of thought", and this provides ideological guidance for the spleen's "remonstration". Furthermore, the spleen's "central position to instill the four sides" creates convenient conditions for the rapid arrival of "remonstration", and its "main transport and transformation" provides an important source of energy for the "Zhi Zhou"; it further ensures the orderly development of the "remonstration" function. The "spleen is the guard" is the concrete embodiment of "remonstration" by the spleen that plays the role of guarding the body and resisting external evil. Western medicine believes that this theory has something in common with the immune function of the body. This paper summarizes the interpretation of the spleen as the "Official in Charge of Admonition and Arbitration" by medical scholars through the ages, relying on the ideas of "comparing images with similarities" and "preventing diseases" based on the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine that considers the physiological characteristics of the spleen related to Chinese medicine and the interpretation of its theoretical connotation by modern medicine. This paper provides a reference for the clinical management of spleen and stomach diseases, neurological diseases, and immune disorders in Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between male semen diseases and the spleen and stomach, and establishes a basic framework for treating semen diseases from the spleen and stomach. However, the spleen and stomach are important organs for transporting the essence and nourishing the zang-fu organs. Hence, an abnormal spleen and stomach inevitably affects the functions of other zang-fu organs, thus jointly affecting the semen chamber. Accordingly, the theory that "middle deficiency causes seminal changes" and the differentiation and treatment of male semen diseases are further discussed to clarify the pathogenesis of medium deficiency, establish specific treatment method, and expand the theoretical connotation. First, the spleen occupies the center of the hospital with four other organs. The production of the heart, lung, liver, and kidney is related to the spleen and stomach, and this determines the important role of the middle deficiency during the process of causing semen diseases. Second, there are numerous causes of semen changes, and both the spleen and stomach directly affect the semen chamber, which also contains four organs that involve the following; spleen deficiency affects the kidney, resulting in loss of essence and qi; spleen deficiency affects the liver, resulting in loss of blood and stagnation of qi; spleen deficiency affects the lung, resulting unable derisive and descending; spleen deficiency affects the heart, resulting in loss of blood and god disorderly; spleen deficiency causes phlegm, dampness and blood stasis conjointly and can trigger semen chamber abnormal and semen changes. In addition to the pure spleen-strengthening method, the differentiation and treatment of semen diseases should be treated using the simultaneous treatment of kidney and spleen to restore nature and nurture mutual funding; the simultaneous treatment of liver and spleen to restore the transformation of essence and blood; the simultaneous treatment of lung and spleen to restore the derisive and descending of Qi; the simultaneous treatment of heart and spleen to restore mental regulation; and the simultaneous treatment of removing real evils to restore Qi circulation and blood. Finally, the theory of the "middle deficiency causes seminal changes" in guiding the treatment of diseases in semen has reduced the disease treatment difficulty and expanded the advantage of syndrome differentiation thinking; however, there is still a need to actively filtrate and expand advantageous diseases, demonstrate the effect of spleen-strengthening herbs on the sperm molecular level, and study the relationship between the middle deficiency and reproduction by allowing for the alteration of intestinal flora as a mediator to make the theory of the " middle deficiency causes seminal changes" content richer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impacts of uranium exposure via drinking water on human health are of great concern due to its radiological and chemical toxicities. The consumption of uranium is linked with various serious diseases such as stomach cancer, kidney disease, deformity of bones and liver etc. In this paper, we present the results of measurements of uranium concentration in drinking water sources of Kumaun Himalaya, India. The associated radiological and chemical risks are estimated in terms of excess cancer risk and hazard quotient, respectively. No siginificant health risk is observed due to uranium consumption via drinking water in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the deadliest disease among all the diseases and the main cause of human mortality. Several types of cancer sicken the human body and affect organs. Among all the types of cancer, stomach cancer is the most dangerous disease that spreads rapidly and needs to be diagnosed at an early stage. The early diagnosis of stomach cancer is essential to reduce the mortality rate. The manual diagnosis process is time-consuming, requires many tests, and the availability of an expert doctor. Therefore, automated techniques are required to diagnose stomach infections from endoscopic images. Many computerized techniques have been introduced in the literature but due to a few challenges (i.e., high similarity among the healthy and infected regions, irrelevant features extraction, and so on), there is much room to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational time. In this paper, a deep-learning-based stomach disease classification method employing deep feature extraction, fusion, and optimization using WCE images is proposed. The proposed method comprises several phases: data augmentation performed to increase the dataset images, deep transfer learning adopted for deep features extraction, feature fusion performed on deep extracted features, fused feature matrix optimized with a modified dragonfly optimization method, and final classification of the stomach disease was performed. The features extraction phase employed two pre-trained deep CNN models (Inception v3 and DenseNet-201) performing activation on feature derivation layers. Later, the parallel concatenation was performed on deep-derived features and optimized using the meta-heuristic method named the dragonfly algorithm. The optimized feature matrix was classified by employing machine-learning algorithms and achieved an accuracy of 99.8% on the combined stomach disease dataset. A comparison has been conducted with state-of-the-art techniques and shows improved accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a critical step in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal disorders. However, due to inexperience or high workload, there is a wide variation in EGD performance by endoscopists. Variations in performance may result in exams that do not completely cover all anatomical locations of the stomach, leading to a potential risk of missed diagnosis of gastric diseases. Numerous guidelines or expert consensus have been proposed to assess and optimize the quality of endoscopy. However, there is a lack of mature and robust methods to accurately apply to real clinical real-time video environments. In this paper, we innovatively define the problem of recognizing anatomical locations in videos as a multi-label recognition task. This can be more consistent with the model learning of image-to-label mapping relationships. We propose a combined structure of a deep learning model (GL-Net) that combines a graph convolutional network (GCN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to both extract label features and correlate temporal dependencies for accurate real-time anatomical locations identification in gastroscopy videos. Our methodological evaluation dataset is based on complete videos of real clinical examinations. A total of 29,269 images from 49 videos were collected as a dataset for model training and validation. Another 1736 clinical videos were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated for the application of the proposed model. Our method achieves 97.1% mean accuracy (mAP), 95.5% mean per-class accuracy and 93.7% average overall accuracy in a multi-label classification task, and is able to process these videos in real-time at 29.9 FPS. In addition, based on our approach, we designed a system to monitor routine EGD videos in detail and perform statistical analysis of the operating habits of endoscopists, which can be a useful tool to improve the quality of clinical endoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting beneficial and valuable miRNA–disease associations (MDAs) by doing biological laboratory experiments is costly and time-consuming. Proposing a forceful and meaningful computational method for predicting MDAs is essential and captivated many computer scientists in recent years. In this paper, we proposed a new computational method to predict miRNA–disease associations using improved random walk with restart and integrating multiple similarities (RWRMMDA). We used a WKNKN algorithm as a pre-processing step to solve the problem of sparsity and incompletion of data to reduce the negative impact of a large number of missing associations. Two heterogeneous networks in disease and miRNA spaces were built by integrating multiple similarity networks, respectively, and different walk probabilities could be designated to each linked neighbor node of the disease or miRNA node in line with its degree in respective networks. Finally, an improve extended random walk with restart algorithm based on miRNA similarity-based and disease similarity-based heterogeneous networks was used to calculate miRNA–disease association prediction probabilities. The experiments showed that our proposed method achieved a momentous performance with Global LOOCV AUC (Area Under Roc Curve) and AUPR (Area Under Precision-Recall Curve) values of 0.9882 and 0.9066, respectively. And the best AUC and AUPR values under fivefold cross-validation of 0.9855 and 0.8642 which are proven by statistical tests, respectively. In comparison with other previous related methods, it outperformed than NTSHMDA, PMFMDA, IMCMDA and MCLPMDA methods in both AUC and AUPR values. In case studies of Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma Hepatocellular and Stomach Neoplasms diseases, it inferred 1, 12 and 7 new associations out of top 40 predicted associated miRNAs for each disease, respectively. All of these new inferred associations have been confirmed in different databases or literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori is a causative pathogen of many gastric and extra-gastric diseases. It has infected about half of the global population. There were no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for H. pylori infection conducted in Chinese population, who carried different and relatively homogenous strain of H. pylori. In this work, we performed SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)-based, gene-based and pathway-based genome-wide association analyses to investigate the genetic basis of host susceptibility to H. pylori infection in 480 Chinese individuals. We also profiled the composition and function of the gut microbiota between H. pylori infection cases and controls. We found several genes and pathways associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05), replicated one previously reported SNP rs10004195 in TLR1 gene region (P = 0.02). We also found that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis related pathway was associated with both onset and progression of H. pylori infection. In the gut microbiome association study, we identified 2 species, 3 genera and several pathways had differential abundance between H. pylori infected cases and controls. This paper is the first GWAS for H. pylori infection in Chinese population, and we combined the genetic and microbial data to comprehensively discuss the basis of host susceptibility to H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare entity with unique endoscopic appearance described as “watermelon stomach.” It has been associated with systemic sclerosis but the pathophysiological changes leading to GAVE have not been explained and still remain uncertain. Methods. Databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched for relevant papers. The main search words were “Gastric antral vascular ectasia,” “Watermelon Stomach,” “GAVE,” “Scleroderma,” and “Systemic Sclerosis.” Fifty-four papers were considered for this review. Results. GAVE is a rare entity in the spectrum of manifestations of systemic sclerosis with unknown pathogenesis. Most patients with systemic sclerosis and GAVE present with asymptomatic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, or heavy acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic therapy and endoscopic ablation are the first-line of treatment. Surgical approach may be recommended for patients who do not respond to medical or endoscopic therapies. Conclusion. GAVE can be properly diagnosed and treated. Early diagnosis is key in the management of GAVE because it makes symptomatic therapies and endoscopic approaches feasible. A high index of suspicion is critical. Future studies and a critical review of the current findings about GAVE are needed to understand the role of this condition in systemic sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examined and re-evaluates the technological innovation, theory, structural dynamics and evolution of Pill Camera(Capsule Endoscopy) technology in redirecting the response manner of small bowel (intestine) examination in human. The Pill Camera (Endoscopy Capsule) is made up of sealed biocompatible material to withstand acid, enzymes and other antibody chemicals in the stomach is a technology that helps the medical practitioners especially the general physicians and the gastroenterologists to examine and re-examine the intestine for possible bleeding or infection. Before the advent of the Pill camera (Endoscopy Capsule) the colonoscopy was the local method used but research showed that some parts (bowel) of the intestine can’t be reach by mere traditional method hence the need for Pill Camera. Countless number of deaths from stomach disease such as polyps, inflammatory bowel (Crohn”s diseases), Cancers, Ulcer, anaemia and tumours of small intestines which ordinary would have been detected by sophisticated technology like Pill Camera has become norm in the developing nations. Nevertheless, not only will this paper examine and re-evaluate the Pill Camera Innovation, theory, Structural dynamics and evolution it unravelled and aimed to create awareness for both medical practitioners and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the area of medical image processing, stomach cancer is one of the most important cancers which need to be diagnose at the early stage. In this paper, an optimized deep learning method is presented for multiple stomach disease classification. The proposed method work in few important steps--preprocessing using the fusion of filtering images along with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), deep transfer learning-based features extraction, optimization of deep extracted features using nature-inspired algorithms, and finally fusion of optimal vectors and classification using Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Network (MLNN). In the feature extraction step, pretrained Inception V3 is utilized and retrained on selected stomach infection classes using the deep transfer learning step. Later on, the activation function is applied to Global Average Pool (GAP) for feature extraction. However, the extracted features are optimized through two different nature-inspired algorithms--Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with dynamic fitness function and Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). Hence, both methods' output is fused by a maximal value approach and classified the fused feature vector by MLNN. Two datasets are used to evaluate the proposed method--CUI WahStomach Diseases and Combined dataset and achieved an average accuracy of 99.5%. The comparison with existing techniques, it is shown that the proposed method shows significant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori remains a major health problem worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality due to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. These guidelines constitute an update of the previous "Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection" issued in 2014. They have been developed by a Task Force organized by the Governing Board of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology. They discuss, with particular emphasis on new scientific data covering papers published since 2014: the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic principles and criteria for the diagnosis, and recommendations for the treatment of H. pylori infection. The guidelines in particular determine which patients need to be tested and treated for infection. The Task Force also discussed recommended treatment algorithms. Accordingly, a combination of available evidence and consensus-based expert opinion were used to develop these best practice advice statements. It is worth noting that guidelines are not mandatory to implement but they offer advice for pragmatic, relevant and achievable diagnostic and treatment pathways based on established key treatment principles and using local knowledge and available resources to guide regional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is the second most lethal type of malignant tumor in the world. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer can reduce the transformation to advanced cancer and improve the early treatment rate. As a cheap, real-time, non-invasive examination method, oral contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (OCUS) is a more acceptable way to diagnose gastric cancer than interventional diagnostic methods such as gastroscopy. In this paper, we proposed a new method for the diagnosis of gastric diseases by automatically analyzing the hierarchical structure of gastric wall in gastric ultrasound images, which is helpful to quantify the diagnosis information of gastric diseases and is a useful attempt for early screening of gastric cancer. We designed a gastric wall detection network based on U-net. On this basis, anisotropic diffusion technology was used to extract the layered structure of the gastric wall. A simple and useful gastric cancer screening model was obtained by calculating and counting the thickness of the five-layer structure of the gastric wall. The experimental results showed that our model can accurately identify the gastric wall, and it was found that the layered parameters of abnormal gastric wall is significantly different from that of normal gastric wall. For the screening of gastric disease, a statistical model based on gastric wall stratification can give a screening accuracy of 95% with AUC of 0.92. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Increasing evidence has suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication might prevent the development of gastric cancer (GC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to better explore the role of H. pylori eradication in preventing GC, with particular reference to patients with precancerous lesions at baseline histology. Methods Searches for human studies were performed through October 2016 and risk ratios (RRs), were obtained. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using the Cochran Q test and I² values, whereas the possibility of publication bias was estimated with funnel plots. Additionally, we performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Results In 26 studies suitable for meta-analysis (10 randomized controlled trials and 16 cohort studies) 52,363 subjects were included. The risk of GC among patients in whom H. pylori was successfully eradicated was significantly lower than that among controls: pooled RRs [95% CI] 0.56 [0.48-0.66], Z= -7.27, P=0.00001. This finding applied separately for randomized controlled trials (0.65 [0.51-0.84], Z= -3.33, P=0.0009) and for cohort studies (0.51 [0.42-0.62], Z= -6.63, P=0.00001). Concerning H. pylori eradication in patients with precancerous lesions, subgroup analyses showed that patients with non-atrophic or atrophic gastritis benefited from H. pylori eradication for the risk of GC development, whereas those with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia did not. Conclusion H. pylori eradication is associated with a significantly lower risk of GC; this finding has significant implications for the prevention of this cancer. The benefit is maximized when H. pylori eradication is applied at early stages of the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a viable alternative to open resection for the management of esophagogastric cancer. However, the technique may relate to a higher incidence of ischemia-related gastric conduit complications. Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning (LIC) by ligating the left gastric vessels 2 weeks before MIE may have a protective role, possibly through an improvement of conduit perfusion. This project was designed to evaluate whether LIC influenced ultimate conduit perfusion. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed to compare MIE with LIC (L) against MIE without (N). The project began in May 2009 and was offered to consecutive patients with the objective of recruiting 22 in each arm. Sample size calculations were based on data from previous clinical series. The main outcome measure was perfusion recorded by validated laser Doppler fluximetry, at the fundus (F) and greater curve (G); performed at routine staging laparoscopy and every stage of an MIE. A perfusion coefficient measured as ratio at stage of MIE over baseline was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixteen patients were recruited before an interim analysis of the trial data. At staging laparoscopy perfusion at F was higher than at G ( p = 0.016). In the L cohort, an apparent rise in perfusion at G is observed post intervention ( p = 0.176). At MIE, baseline perfusion is comparable for both arms; however, a significant drop is observed at both locations once the stomach is mobilized and exteriorized ( p = 0.001). Once delivered at the neck, perfusion coefficient is approximately 38% of baseline levels. However, there was no discernible difference between the L (38.3 ± 12) and N (37.7 ± 16.8) cohorts ( p = 0.798). Conclusions: LIC does not translate into an improved perfusion of the gastric conduit tip. The benefits reported from published clinical series suggest that the resistance of the conduit to ischemia occurs through alternative possibly microcellular mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroparesis (GP) is a chronic, gastric dysmotility disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. The hallmark of GP is the delayed emptying of the contents of the stomach in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. Patients most commonly report chronic symptoms of nausea, vomiting, feeling full quickly when eating, bloating, and abdominal pain. Treatments are limited with relatively poor efficacy. As such, children with GP are at significant risk for the development of psychological co-morbidities. In this paper, we provide a topical review of the scientific literature on the psychological, social, and emotional impacts of gastroparesis in pediatric patients. We aim to document the current state of research, identify gaps in our knowledge with appropriate recommendations for future research directions, and highlight the unique challenges pediatric patients with GP and their families may face as they manage this disease. Based on the current review, research into the psychosocial impacts in children with GP is essentially non-existent. However, when considering research in children with other chronic digestive diseases, children with GP are likely to face multiple psychosocial challenges, including increased risk for anxiety and depression, stigma, and reduced quality of life. These significant gaps in the current understanding of effects of GP across domains of childhood functioning allow for ample opportunities for future studies to address psychosocial outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is used in Algerian traditional medicine. The ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Setif (East Algeria) has as an objective of evaluating the potential of the region of Aristolochia longa L. used in the treatment of different diseases. A questionnaire was used which consisted of the diseases treated by this plant, the part of the plant used in the treatment and how to use this plant. The survey targeted 100 people from the local population. We also evaluated the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers. Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (43%), diabetes (17%), and treatment of wounds in cattle (12%), and intestinal and stomach diseases (9 and 7%), the most used part is tubers by 70%.Crushed tubers are commonly mixed with honey(44%), milk(24%), water (8%). Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and Alkaloids. In addition, there is very little information concerning the anatomical and morphological structure of this species of Setif region (Algeria), a preliminary study on anatomy of this plant is therefore reported in this paper. These preliminary results could be used to justify the traditional use of this plant and their bioactive substances could be exploited for therapeutic purposes such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, and may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of biomimetic in vitro models capable of reproducing the complex architecture and the dynamic environment of the gastric mucosa, delay the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Recent advances in microengineering made possible the fabrication of bioinspired microdevices capable of replicating the physiological properties of an organ, inside a microfluidics chip. Herein, a bioinspired stomach-on-a-chip (SoC) device is described, supporting peristalsis-like motion and reconstituting organ-level epithelial architecture and function. The device simulates the upper epithelial interface, representing the three innermost layers of the gastric mucosa, namely the epithelial barrier, the basement membrane and the lamina propria. The dynamic environment imparted by mechanical actuation of the flexible on-chip cell culture substrate, was the main driver in the development of epithelial polarization and differentiation traits characteristic of the native gastric mucosa, and allowed partial recapitulation of gastric barrier function. These traits were not affected by the addition of a mesenchymal population to the system, which was able to remodel the surrounding extracellular matrix, nor by the potential epithelial–mesenchymal cross-talk. The engineered platform highlights the importance of addressing the mechanical microenvironment of the native organ, to potentiate an organ-level response of the artificial tissue. The proposed SoC represents an appealing tool in personalized medicine, with bio-relevance for the study of gastric diseases and an alternative to current animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Identification of effective biomarkers is crucial for the heterogeneous disease of gastric cancer (GC). Recent studies have focused on the role of pseudogenes regulating gene expression through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, however, the pseudogene-associated ceRNA networks in GC remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to construct and analyze a three-component ceRNA network in GC and experimentally validate a ceRNA. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) dataset to identify differentially-expressed mRNAs (DEMs), pseudogenes (DEPs), and miRNAs (DEMis). Pseudogene- associated ceRNA and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and functional enrichment analyses were performed. DEMs and DEPs with degree centralities≥2 were selected for survival analysis. A ceRNA was further selected for experimental validation. Results: 10,145 DEMs, 3576 DEPs, and 66 DEMis were retrieved and a ceRNA network was then constructed by including DEMis with concurrent interactions with at least a DEM and a DEP. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEMs of the ceRNA network were significantly enriched in cancer-associated pathways. LPIN1 and WBP1L were two mRNAs showing an association with STAD patients overall survival. Expression analysis of LPIN1 showed a significant decrease in GC tumors compared to non-tumor tissues (P=0.003). Conclusion: Our research emphasizes the significant implications of ceRNA networks in the development of new biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer. Further examination is necessary to explore the functional roles of LPIN1 in the pathogenesis of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastric diseases in nearly 50% of people around the world. It is suggested that biofilm formation has a pronounced effect on the dynamic resistance spread and recurrence of these infections. Methods: To mimic the scenario of therapeutic ineffectiveness, we investigated the impact of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics on the development and parameters of biofilms produced by clinical H. pylori strains. Results: We observed that constant exposure of planktonic forms to metronidazole or levofloxacin stimulated the speed of autoaggregation and the amount of extracellular matrix, resulting in increased dimensions of the developed biofilms. Contrary to this, continuous exposure to clarithromycin negatively affected a number of biofilm-related reactions and led to the biofilm-weakening effect. Through assessing the membrane fatty acid profiles of antibiotic-exposed cells, we confirmed that metronidazole and levofloxacin induced a biofilm-like phenotype, while clarithromycin kept bacteria in a planktonic form. Discussion: Our results suggest that sub-MICs of antibiotics affect the biochemical and biophysical properties of the developing biofilm of H. pylori strains and may impact the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]