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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we propose to analyze the educational trajectories of young soccer players, with special interest in those who live in the boarding house of a club in the city of Córdoba. This work is based on a socio-anthropological approach and builds its analysis from interviews with young soccer players, club and school workers, as well as from observation records in both institutional spaces. Analyzing educational trajectories has the main objective of understanding how, in the institutional disputes to resolve the tensions between "the world of school" and "the world of football", individualized paths are being created that are constitutive of the players' formative experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Everyday life is where our passions and interests are staged. This research analyzes how new information and communication technologies, especially smartphones and socio-digital networks, have transformed the socialization of football information in Uruguay and Argentina. With a socio-anthropological approach, football identity practices and processes are observed in online and inperson contexts, and changes in the production, circulation and appropriation of football information, as well as in the interaction between fans and players, are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effects of a 12-week injury prevention program on the isokinetic performance of knee extensor and flexor muscles and postural control in young indoor soccer athletes. Twelve athletes (23.14 ± 4.37 years) were included and assessed before and after the intervention. Muscle strength was assessed using the isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System Pro 4), and postural control was assessed using posturography dynamics (EquiTest® System) and sensory organization tests (TOS). This parameter was divided into six conditions that analyzed systems responsible for maintaining balance (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory). The isokinetic performance improved after the intervention, especially in peak torque and thallus flexors power, as well as postural control (TOS) in conditions III and VI. Thus, the improvement observed in these parameters after intervention may reduce the risk of lesions in indoor soccer athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of E-balonmano.com: Journal of Sports Science / Revista de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Federacion Extremena de Balonmano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by below-average intellectual capacity with slow physical and psychomotor development. The objective of this study was to identify the implications of playing sports (football) on the gross motor skills compromised in adolescents with Down síndrome (SD). A qualitative approach was used, through a multiple case study methodology, with descriptive scope, the instrument applied was the semi-structured interview and direct observation, with a sample of eight participants with Down syndrome who attended a headquarters of the National Athletic Club. It was found that the gross motor skills compromised in adolescents with 'DS' were: balance, coordination and strength, flexibility and agility, spatial-temporal perception, as difficulties were observed in performing initial locomotion-type, manipulative and stable movements. It was concluded that it is important to have sports intervention programs for the population with 'DS' to overcome and compensate for the limitations present in their motor skills, and also to expand the knowledge of specialists in the different sports fields as an opportunity to promote motor development. from a pedagogical approach, in accordance with the special needs that are essential at an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the case of Egyptian footballer Mohamed Salah, from Liverpool FC in England, as a successful example of building a transcultural idol within a scenario of the internationalization of football as business. We study his social medias through organic monitoring from 2021 to 2023, to understand how the athlete image would help overcoming cultural barriers. We established five categories (work, success, family, multiculturalism, and commercial legitimacy) around cultural signs, analysing the posts in the light of the concept of hyper-ritualization. We argue that the football player manages to build a multiculturalist image by overcoming national barriers. We argue that he does this by the positive image he builds on his social medias, allowing him transit through different cultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the itinerant experiences of members of Argentine football fans known as barras. In this case, we analyze the barra of the Atlético Belgrano de Córdoba Club in Argentina, self-named Los Piratas. The article explores the different types of trips that Los Piratas undertook during my ethnographic fieldwork between 2011 and 2019. Throughout these years, I have documented four types of organized journeys: a) neighborhood; b) provinciales; c) infiltrators; d) hosts and guests. Throughout the text, I will analyze each of them and, in the end, propose a systematization that summarizes the importance that these travels encapsulate in the social formation process of Los Piratas and the involvement of its members. I propose understanding trips as a native category, a methodological resource, and an aesthetic performance, that is, 'puestas en escena' (GOFFMAN, 2004), which have become communicative acts. These acts demonstrate, on one hand, how a 'barra' actively participates in the football ritual, and, on the other hand, how it constitutes a collective identity. If performances involve theatricalization, there is nothing better than photography as a 'dramatization of the real' (SONTAG, 1977). Consequently, the text also incorporates images of travels that were captured during my fieldwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Football allows to observe how the individuals involved in the game - athletes, fans, etc. - feel, see and perceive the world around us. This article aims to identify the imaginary of masculinity expressed in the chants of the fans of Grêmio, a football club from Porto Alegre. An on-site observation of the songs was made and based on the Discursive Analysis of Imaginaries and a theoretical survey on gender and masculinities, it was possible to confirm that the songs sung by the Grêmio fans privilege a hegemonic and heteronormative masculinity, which depreciates the rival using homophobic terms, values alcohol consumption, regionalism and belonging to the Club. Despite this, the songs also value homoaffectivity between fans of the same club, celebrating joy, love, celebration, and unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolsonarism, in the midst of its rise, hijacked national symbols, especially the yellow shirt of the Brazilian men's football team, which made part of the population reject Canarinho. This article aims to analyze the narrative undertaken by the newspapers O Globo and Folha de S. Paulo during the coverage of the 2022 World Cup to verify whether there was an attempt to dissociate national symbols from the extreme right, which we understand as "dispossession". What were the directions assigned by the vehicles? What do they understand as "dispossession"? The objective of this work is to understand whether there was an attempt to return a national symbol to the Brazilian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 1996, the French channel Paris Première aired two programs recorded by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu about the television medium. The text transcription of these two programs gave rise to the first chapters collected by the author in the work Sur la télévision (Raisons d'Agir Éditions, 1996). Even though we have some somewhat anachronistic ideas to account for the transformations that television has undergone in the last three decades, we believe that certain judgments by the French sociologist still maintain some freshness and relevance to account for the steps taken recently by Brazilian television (both on open channels and cable channels) in relation to the treatment given to football, notably on the occasion of mega sporting events such as the FIFA World Cups. To this end, we propose to apply some of Bourdieu's ideas to national television coverage on the occasion of the Qatar Football World Cup, played from November 20th to December 18th, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does the incessant return of the Brazilian national team jersey between June 2013 and the government of Jair Bolsonaro mean? What is its role? What does football have to do with Brazil's public life in the early 21st century? Does its intervention in the recent political and social history of the country limit itself to the appearance of the national team jersey and its appropriation by extreme-right movements and parties? These are some of the questions that this article seeks to answer. To do so, the analysis mobilizes the theoretical-methodological framework of Greimas' discursive semiotics and Jurij Lotman's semiotics of culture, combining micro analyses of specific texts, practices, and discourses with macro analyses of broader and transversal sociocultural configurations, revealing the links between the semiospheres of football, politics, media, and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to reflect on the characteristics of European football, marked by high levels of commercialization and spectacularization. These elements can also be deeply rooted in various football practices and rituals. Owing to the resources guaranteed by its media and economic exploitation, the driving rationale behind the organization of elite football prioritizes the maximization of revenue. The recent history of the Champions League serves as a clear example of this trend. Shaped by a strong market orientation, European football has thus ensured a monopolisation of economic and sporting success by the top clubs, exacerbating the inequality, with the less wealthy clubs being left with fewer resources and opportunities to compete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the complex interaction among women, football, and media in Brazil, tracing its evolution since the early 20th century. By the examination of fragments of personal narratives and the active engagements of women in the field, revealing prevalent narratives propagated by male-dominated journalistic spheres and shedding light on overlooked endeavors of Brazilian women in the football arena. Methodologically, archival research, with a notable focus on the Hemeroteca of the National Library, is employed alongside immersive participant observation at Rádio Gaúcha of the Grupo RBS. Despite discernible strides in journalistic coverage of women's football, especially in addressing cases of sexual abuse involving male footballers, and the increased presence of women in editorial spaces, broadcasts, and sports programming, gender parity remains a distant aspiration, underscored by palpable hierarchies and numerical disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media possess the power to place an issue of such social importance as racism on the public agenda, in addition to their responsibility to help combat expressions of hate instead of fuelling them. This study analyses online coverage by the four main Spanish sports newspapers (Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo and Sport) of the racist insults suffered by the Real Madrid footballer Vinicius Junior in the 2022-23 season. Although similar events had occurred in the past with other players, the attacks on the Brazilian striker alone accounted for 25% of the 3,572 reports of racism in sport published by these media outlets in the player's five seasons in LaLiga. The study identifies the factors that unleashed this media storm, including the protagonist's public profile, and confirms that when faced with an exceptional situation such as this, the newspapers published in two cities with such a fierce football rivalry as Madrid and Barcelona respond with similar degrees of attention, though they do take different approaches. The capital's media (Marca and As) present the player exclusively as a victim of the attacks with no type of reproach towards him. However, one in ten texts on the Catalan portals (Mundo Deportivo and Sport) spoke of supposed provocative attitudes by the player or mention complaints of preferential treatment when compared to other sportspersons affected by similar attitudes of hatred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenges faced by teachers in Mathematics teaching are perceptible, with regard to students' interest in the subject and students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The justification for this work is given by the need to think about new possibilities for teaching mathematics, so that there is the development of critical and democratic thinking by the students. The question posed is: will the contextualization of mathematical concepts through soccer using technological resources contribute to a better understanding of the content being taught? The general aim of this article is to develop the construction of knowledge of statistics and percentage content through the lens of Critical Mathematics Education, contextualizing the ongoing challenge of combating racism in soccer. Discussing topics such as the history of Brazilian soccer in parallel with the fight against racism in mathematics classes is of paramount importance so that we can form critical and reflective citizens, thus being able to transform the society in which we live. It is hoped that the activities proposed here will make math teaching more meaningful for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte is the property of Recorde: Revista de Historia do Esporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte is the property of Recorde: Revista de Historia do Esporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia (RIAE) is the property of Revista Ibero-Americana de Estrategia/UNINOVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Football clubs are traditional institutions with the particularity of having the main characters of their successes as intangible assets, that is, their players. The aim of this work is to analyse the determinants of the market values using intellectual and structural capital indicators as explanatory variables. Descriptive statistics and panel data model estimates were used in the analyses to control the footballers' fixed effects, the club's fixed effects and the effects of player-year and club-year interactions. Results confirmed that footballers' market value is determined by a set of variables that can be explained by components of human capital (one's skills), structural capital (infrastructure that supports human capital). Understanding the players' pricing can help both clubs and players to improve their management and increase the possibility of financial success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación Física y Ciencia is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-balonmano.com: Journal of Sports Science / Revista de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Federacion Extremena de Balonmano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intercontinental Journal of Sport Management / Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva is the property of Revista Intercontinental de Gestao Desportiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)