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1. The Dark Energy Survey Six-Year Calibration Star Catalog

Author: Rykoff, E. S., Tucker, D. L., Burke, D. L., Allam, S. S., Bechtol, K., Bernstein, G. M., Brout, D., Gruendl, R. A., Lasker, J., Smith, J. A., Wester, W. C., Yanny, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Alves, O., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Choi, A., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Myles, J., Nord, B. D., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Raveri, M., Rodgríguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Varga, T. N., Vincenzi, M., Walker, A. R., Weaverdyck, N., and Wiseman, P.
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: This Technical Note presents a catalog of calibrated reference stars that was generated by the Forward Calibration Method (FGCM) pipeline (arXiv:1706.01542) as part of the FGCM photometric calibration of the full Dark Energy Survey (DES) 6-Year data set (Y6). This catalog provides DES grizY magnitudes for 17 million stars with i-band magnitudes mostly in the range 16 < i < 21 spread over the full DES footprint covering 5000 square degrees over the Southern Galactic Cap at galactic latitudes b < -20 degrees (plus a few outlying fields disconnected from the main survey footprint). These stars are calibrated to a uniformity of better than 1.8 milli-mag (0.18%) RMS over the survey area. The absolute calibration of the catalog is computed with reference to the STISNIC.007 spectrum of the Hubble Space Telescope CalSpec standard star C26202; including systematic errors, the absolute flux system is known at the approximately 1% level. As such, these stars provide a useful reference catalog for calibrating grizY-band or grizY-like band photometry in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly for observations within the DES footprint., 21 pages, 15 figures, Fermilab Technical Note. Official Data Access Site: https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/other ; Temporary Data Access Site: https://data.darkenergysurvey.org/public_calib/DES_6yr_CalibStarCat/index.html
Published: 2023
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2. Finding quadruply imaged quasars with machine learning. I. Methods

Author: Akhazhanov, A., More, A., Amini, A., Hazlett, C., Treu, T., Birrer, S., Shajib, A., Liao, K., Lemon, C., Agnello, A., Nord, B., Aguena, Michel, Allam, Sahar, Andrade-Oliveira, Felipe, Annis, J., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, David L., Carnero Rosell, Aurelio, Carrasco Kind, Matias, Carretero, J., Choi, A., Conselice, Christopher J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M.E.S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J.P., Doel, P., Everett, S., Ferrero, Ismael, Finley, D.A., Flaugher, Brenna, Frieman, Josh, García-Bellido, Juan, Gerdes, David W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, Robert A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, Samuel R., Hollowood, Devon L., Honscheid, Klaus, James, D.J., Kim, A.G., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, Nikolay, Lahav, Ofer, Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, Marcio A. G., March, M., Menanteau, Felipe, Miquel, R., Morgan, R., Palmese, Antonella, Paz-Chinchón, Francisco, Pieres, A., Plazas Malagón, Andrés A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, Vic, Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio, Smith, M., Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, Molly E. C., Tarlé, Gregory, To, C., Varga, Tamas Norbert, Weller, Jochen, A Akhazhanov, A., More, A., Amini, A., Hazlett, C., Treu, T., Birrer, S., Shajib, A., Liao, K., Lemon, C., Agnello, A., Nord, B., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Choi, A., Conselice, C., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kim, A. G., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Morgan, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Plazas Malagón, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: methods: statistical, model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Survey [astronomical data bases], candidates, Física, gravitational lensing: strong, FOS: Physical sciences, ESTATÍSTICA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Strong [gravitational lensing], Astronomical Data Bases: Catalogs, Space and Planetary Science, astronomical data bases: surveys, strong gravitational lenses, Statistical [methods], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: DES Collaboration: et al., Strongly lensed quadruply imaged quasars (quads) are extraordinary objects. They are very rare in the sky and yet they provide unique information about a wide range of topics, including the expansion history and the composition of the Universe, the distribution of stars and dark matter in galaxies, the host galaxies of quasars, and the stellar initial mass function. Finding them in astronomical images is a classic ‘needle in a haystack’ problem, as they are outnumbered by other (contaminant) sources by many orders of magnitude. To solve this problem, we develop state-of-the-art deep learning methods and train them on realistic simulated quads based on real images of galaxies taken from the Dark Energy Survey, with realistic source and deflector models, including the chromatic effects of microlensing. The performance of the best methods on a mixture of simulated and real objects is excellent, yielding area under the receiver operating curve in the range of 0.86–0.89. Recall is close to 100 per cent down to total magnitude i ∼ 21 indicating high completeness, while precision declines from 85 per cent to 70 per cent in the range i ∼ 17–21. The methods are extremely fast: training on 2 million samples takes 20 h on a GPU machine, and 108 multiband cut-outs can be evaluated per GPU-hour. The speed and performance of the method pave the way to apply it to large samples of astronomical sources, bypassing the need for photometric pre-selection that is likely to be a major cause of incompleteness in current samples of known quads., TT acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through grant NSF-AST-1906976, from NASA through grants HST-GO-15320and HST-GO-15652, and from the Packard Foundation through a Packard Research Fellowship. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF’s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF’s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Published: 2021
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3. DeepZipper: A Novel Deep Learning Architecture for Lensed Supernovae Identification

Author: Morgan, R, Nord, B, Bechtol, K, González, SJ, Buckley-Geer, E, Möller, A, Park, JW, Kim, AG, Birrer, S, Aguena, M, Annis, J, Bocquet, S, Brooks, D, Carnero Rosell, A, Carrasco Kind, M, Carretero, J, Cawthon, R, Da Costa, LN, Davis, TM, De Vicente, J, Doel, P, Ferrero, I, Friedel, D, Frieman, J, García-Bellido, J, Gatti, M, Gaztanaga, E, Giannini, G, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Maia, MAG, Miquel, R, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Pereira, MES, Pieres, A, Plazas Malagón, AA, Reil, K, Roodman, A, Sanchez, E, Smith, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, To, C, National Science Foundation (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Morgan, R [0000-0002-7016-5471], Nord, B [0000-0001-6706-8972], Bechtol, K [0000-0001-8156-0429], González, SJ [0000-0001-7282-3864], Buckley-Geer, E [0000-0002-3304-0733], Möller, A [0000-0001-8211-8608], Park, JW [0000-0002-0692-1092], Birrer, S [0000-0003-3195-5507], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Bocquet, S [0000-0002-4900-805X], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Carnero Rosell, A [0000-0003-3044-5150], Carrasco Kind, M [0000-0002-4802-3194], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Cawthon, R [0000-0003-2965-6786], Da Costa, LN [0000-0002-7731-277X], Davis, TM [0000-0002-4213-8783], De Vicente, J [0000-0001-8318-6813], Friedel, D [0000-0002-3632-7668], Frieman, J [0000-0003-4079-3263], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Gaztanaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], Giannini, G [0000-0002-3730-1750], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Gutierrez, G [0000-0003-0825-0517], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Honscheid, K [0000-0002-6550-2023], James, DJ [0000-0001-5160-4486], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Kuropatkin, N [0000-0003-2511-0946], Maia, MAG [0000-0001-9856-9307], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Palmese, A [0000-0002-6011-0530], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Pieres, A [0000-0001-9186-6042], Plazas Malagón, AA [0000-0002-2598-0514], Roodman, A [0000-0001-5326-3486], Sanchez, E [0000-0002-9646-8198], Smith, M [0000-0002-3321-1432], Suchyta, E [0000-0002-7047-9358], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], To, C [0000-0001-7836-2261], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Física, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxies, Lens, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Quasars, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Morgan et al., Large-scale astronomical surveys have the potential to capture data on large numbers of strongly gravitationally lensed supernovae (LSNe). To facilitate timely analysis and spectroscopic follow-up before the supernova fades, an LSN needs to be identified soon after it begins. To quickly identify LSNe in optical survey data sets, we designed ZipperNet, a multibranch deep neural network that combines convolutional layers (traditionally used for images) with long short-term memory layers (traditionally used for time series). We tested ZipperNet on the task of classifying objects from four categories—no lens, galaxy-galaxy lens, lensed Type-Ia supernova, lensed core-collapse supernova—within high-fidelity simulations of three cosmic survey data sets: the Dark Energy Survey, Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), and a Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) imaging survey. Among our results, we find that for the LSST-like data set, ZipperNet classifies LSNe with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.97, predicts the spectroscopic type of the lensed supernovae with 79% accuracy, and demonstrates similarly high performance for LSNe 1–2 epochs after first detection. We anticipate that a model like ZipperNet, which simultaneously incorporates spatial and temporal information, can play a significant role in the rapid identification of lensed transient systems in cosmic survey experiments., R. Morgan thanks the Universities Research Association Fermilab Visiting Scholars Program for funding his work on this project. R. Morgan also thanks the LSSTC Data Science Fellowship Program, which is funded by LSSTC, NSF Cybertraining grant #1829740, the Brinson Foundation, and the Moore Foundation; his participation in the program has benefited this work. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. 1744555. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. 1744555. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF's NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).
Published: 2021
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4. The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey 5,000 Sq. Deg. Footprint

Author: O'Donnell, J. H., Wilkinson, R. D., Diehl, H. T., Aros-Bunster, C., Bechtol, K., Birrer, S., Buckley-Geer, E. J., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, da Costa, L. N., Lozano, S. J. Gonzalez, Gruendl, R. A., Hilton, M., Lin, H., Lindgren, K. A., Martin, J., Pieres, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Sif��n, C., Tucker, D. L., Yanny, B., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Eckert, K., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Morgan, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinch��n, F., Pereira, M. E. S., Malag��n, A. A. Plazas, Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., To, C., and Varga, T. N.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the combined results of eight searches for strong gravitational lens systems in the full 5,000 sq. deg. of Dark Energy Survey (DES) observations. The observations accumulated by the end of the third observing season fully covered the DES footprint in 5 filters (grizY), with an $i-$band limiting magnitude (at $10\sigma$) of 23.44. In four searches, a list of potential candidates was identified using a color and magnitude selection from the object catalogs created from the first three observing seasons. Three other searches were conducted at the locations of previously identified galaxy clusters. Cutout images of potential candidates were then visually scanned using an object viewer. An additional set of candidates came from a data-quality check of a subset of the color-coadd "tiles" created from the full DES six-season data set. A short list of the most promising strong lens candidates was then numerically ranked according to whether or not we judged them to be bona fide strong gravitational lens systems. These searches discovered a diverse set of 247 strong lens candidate systems, of which 81 are identified for the first time. We provide the coordinates, magnitudes, and photometric properties of the lens and source objects, and an estimate of the Einstein radius for 81 new systems and 166 previously reported. This catalog will be of use for selecting interesting systems for detailed follow-up, studies of galaxy cluster and group mass profiles, as well as a training/validation set for automated strong lens searches., Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, accepted by ApJS
Published: 2021

5. Domain adaptation techniques for improved cross-domain study of galaxy mergers

Author: ��iprijanovi��, A., Kafkes, D., Jenkins, S., Downey, K., Perdue, G. N., Madireddy, S., Johnston, T., and Nord, B.
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: In astronomy, neural networks are often trained on simulated data with the prospect of being applied to real observations. Unfortunately, simply training a deep neural network on images from one domain does not guarantee satisfactory performance on new images from a different domain. The ability to share cross-domain knowledge is the main advantage of modern deep domain adaptation techniques. Here we demonstrate the use of two techniques - Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) and adversarial training with Domain Adversarial Neural Networks (DANN) - for the classification of distant galaxy mergers from the Illustris-1 simulation, where the two domains presented differ only due to inclusion of observational noise. We show how the addition of either MMD or adversarial training greatly improves the performance of the classifier on the target domain when compared to conventional machine learning algorithms, thereby demonstrating great promise for their use in astronomy., Accepted in: Machine Learning and the Physical Sciences - Workshop at the 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS); final version
Published: 2020

6. DeepMerge: Classifying High-redshift Merging Galaxies with Deep Neural Networks

Author: Ćiprijanović, A., Snyder, G. F., Nord, B., and Peek, J. E. G.
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: We investigate and demonstrate the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the task of distinguishing between merging and non-merging galaxies in simulated images, and for the first time at high redshifts (i.e. $z=2$). We extract images of merging and non-merging galaxies from the Illustris-1 cosmological simulation and apply observational and experimental noise that mimics that from the Hubble Space Telescope; the data without noise form a "pristine" data set and that with noise form a "noisy" data set. The test set classification accuracy of the CNN is $79\%$ for pristine and $76\%$ for noisy. The CNN outperforms a Random Forest classifier, which was shown to be superior to conventional one- or two-dimensional statistical methods (Concentration, Asymmetry, the Gini, $M_{20}$ statistics etc.), which are commonly used when classifying merging galaxies. We also investigate the selection effects of the classifier with respect to merger state and star formation rate, finding no bias. Finally, we extract Grad-CAMs (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) from the results to further assess and interrogate the fidelity of the classification model., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Computing
Published: 2020
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7. Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: constraints on extended cosmological models from galaxy clustering and weak lensing

Author: DES Collaboration, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Avila, S., Banerji, M., Baxter, E., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Burke, D. L., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, A., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Di Valentino, E., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elvin-Poole, J., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Fert��, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kim, A. G., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Lemos, P., Leonard, C. D., Li, T. S., Liddle, A. R., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Miranda, V., Mohr, J. J., Muir, J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Raveri, M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosenfeld, R., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Secco, L. F., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Yanny, B., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Natl Opt Astron Observ, UCL, Rhodes Univ, Univ Portsmouth, Univ Cambridge, Univ Penn, LSST, Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Astrophys Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ohio State Univ, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Univ Manchester, Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA, Observ Nacl, Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, CSIC, IEEC, Univ Chicago, Univ Michigan, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, IIT Hyderabad, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Excellence Cluster Universe, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, CALTECH, Steward Observ, Univ Edinburgh, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Australian Astron Observ, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Univ Sussex, Univ Southampton, Brandeis Univ, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, University College London, Rhodes University, University of Portsmouth, University of Cambridge, University of Pennsylvania, Argonne National Laboratory, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Ohio State University, Observatoire de Sauverny, University of Manchester, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Carnegie Mellon University, Laboratório Interinstitucional de E-Astronomia - LIneA, Observatório Nacional, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), University of Chicago, University of Michigan, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, California Institute of Technology, University of Edinburgh, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, ETH Zurich, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Australian Astronomical Observatory, Texas AandM University, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Sussex, University of Southampton, and Physics Department
Subjects: luminous red galaxies, Planck, cosmological model, geometry, MATÉRIA ESCURA, gravitation: model, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, 4/3, des, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), redshift distributions, Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, nucleosynthesis, neutrinos, hep-ph, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, curvature, astro-ph.CO, symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], lambda, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), General relativity, gr-qc, Dark matter, equation of state: time dependence, sloan digital sky survey, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), dark matter, efficient, symbols.namesake, gravitation: lens, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, STFC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, RCUK, redshift, Redshift, gravity, Automatic Keywords, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Dark energy, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], sdss, dark energy: equation of state
Abstract: We present constraints on extensions of the minimal cosmological models dominated by dark matter and dark energy, $\Lambda$CDM and $w$CDM, by using a combined analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing from the first-year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y1) in combination with external data. We consider four extensions of the minimal dark energy-dominated scenarios: 1) nonzero curvature $\Omega_k$, 2) number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$ different from the standard value of 3.046, 3) time-varying equation-of-state of dark energy described by the parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$ (alternatively quoted by the values at the pivot redshift, $w_p$, and $w_a$), and 4) modified gravity described by the parameters $\mu_0$ and $\Sigma_0$ that modify the metric potentials. We also consider external information from Planck CMB measurements; BAO measurements from SDSS, 6dF, and BOSS; RSD measurements from BOSS; and SNIa information from the Pantheon compilation. Constraints on curvature and the number of relativistic species are dominated by the external data; when these are combined with DES Y1, we find $\Omega_k=0.0020^{+0.0037}_{-0.0032}$ at the 68% confidence level, and $N_{\rm eff}, Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, matches the published version
Published: 2019

8. Response to NITRD, NCO, NSF Request for Information on 'Update to the 2016 National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan'

Author: Amundson, J., Annis, J., Avestruz, C., Bowring, D., Caldeira, J., Cerati, G., Chang, C., Dodelson, S., Elvira, D., Farahi, A., Genser, K., Gray, L., Gutsche, O., Harris, P., Kinney, J., Kowalkowski, J. B., Kutschke, R., Mrenna, S., Nord, B., Para, A., Pedro, K., Perdue, G. N., Scheinker, A., Spentzouris, P., John, J. St., Tran, N., Trivedi, S., Trouille, L., Wu, W. L. K., and Bom, C. R.
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Physics - Physics and Society, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: We present a response to the 2018 Request for Information (RFI) from the NITRD, NCO, NSF regarding the "Update to the 2016 National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan." Through this document, we provide a response to the question of whether and how the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan (NAIRDSP) should be updated from the perspective of Fermilab, America's premier national laboratory for High Energy Physics (HEP). We believe the NAIRDSP should be extended in light of the rapid pace of development and innovation in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) since 2016, and present our recommendations below. AI has profoundly impacted many areas of human life, promising to dramatically reshape society --- e.g., economy, education, science --- in the coming years. We are still early in this process. It is critical to invest now in this technology to ensure it is safe and deployed ethically. Science and society both have a strong need for accuracy, efficiency, transparency, and accountability in algorithms, making investments in scientific AI particularly valuable. Thus far the US has been a leader in AI technologies, and we believe as a national Laboratory it is crucial to help maintain and extend this leadership. Moreover, investments in AI will be important for maintaining US leadership in the physical sciences.
Published: 2019
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9. Petabytes to Science

Author: Bauer, Amanda E., Bellm, Eric C., Bolton, Adam S., Chaudhuri, Surajit, Connolly, A. J., Cruz, Kelle L., Desai, Vandana, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Economou, Frossie, Gaffney, Niall, Kavelaars, J., Kinney, J., Li, Ting S., Lundgren, B., Margutti, R., Narayan, G., Nord, B., Norman, Dara J., O'Mullane, W., Padhi, S., Peek, J. E. G., Schafer, C., Schwamb, Megan E., Smith, Arfon M., Tollerud, Erik J., Weijmans, Anne-Marie, and Szalay, Alexander S.
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: A Kavli foundation sponsored workshop on the theme \emph{Petabytes to Science} was held 12$^{th}$ to 14$^{th}$ of February 2019 in Las Vegas. The aim of the this workshop was to discuss important trends and technologies which may support astronomy. We also tackled how to better shape the workforce for the new trends and how we should approach education and public outreach. This document was coauthored during the workshop and edited in the weeks after. It comprises the discussions and highlights many recommendations which came out of the workshop. We shall distill parts of this document and formulate potential white papers for the decadal survey., Comment: 70 pages 2 figures - this contains a few fixes
Published: 2019
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10. Dark Energy Survey year 1 results: Joint analysis of galaxy clustering, galaxy lensing, and CMB lensing two-point functions

Author: Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Aylor, K., Banerji, M., Banik, N., Baxter, E. J., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benson, B. A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Bianchini, F., Blazek, J., Bleem, L., Bleem, L. E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chang, C. L., Cho, H-M., Choi, A., Chown, R., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., de Haan, T., DeRose, J., Desai, S., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, W. B., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Friedrich, O., Frieman, J., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., George, E. M., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N. L., Hartley, W. G., Holder, G. P., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hou, Z., Hoyle, B., Hrubes, J. D., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Kirk, D., Knox, L., Kokron, N., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Lin, H., Luong-Van, D., MacCrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Manzotti, A., Marrone, D. P., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., McMahon, J. J., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Muir, J., Natoli, T., Nicola, A., Nord, B., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pandey, S., Plazas, A. A., Porredon, A., Prat, J., Pryke, C., Rau, M. M., Reichardt, C. L., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rozo, E., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Samuroff, S., S��nchez, C., Sanchez, E., Sayre, J. T., Scarpine, V., Schaffer, K. K., Secco, L. F., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shirokoff, E., Simard, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Staniszewski, Z., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Vielzeuf, P., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Williamson, R., Wu, W. L. K., Yanny, B., Zahn, O., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, and SPT
Subjects: Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Field (mathematics), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Omega, Galaxy, Cosmology, South Pole Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, astro-ph.CO, LENTES GRAVITACIONAIS, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We perform a joint analysis of the auto and cross-correlations between three cosmic fields: the galaxy density field, the galaxy weak lensing shear field, and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) weak lensing convergence field. These three fields are measured using roughly 1300 sq. deg. of overlapping optical imaging data from first year observations of the Dark Energy Survey and millimeter-wave observations of the CMB from both the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich survey and Planck. We present cosmological constraints from the joint analysis of the two-point correlation functions between galaxy density and galaxy shear with CMB lensing. We test for consistency between these measurements and the DES-only two-point function measurements, finding no evidence for inconsistency in the context of flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological models. Performing a joint analysis of five of the possible correlation functions between these fields (excluding only the CMB lensing autospectrum) yields $S_{8}\equiv \sigma_8\sqrt{\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3} = 0.782^{+0.019}_{-0.025}$ and $\Omega_{\rm m}=0.260^{+0.029}_{-0.019}$. We test for consistency between these five correlation function measurements and the Planck-only measurement of the CMB lensing autospectrum, again finding no evidence for inconsistency in the context of flat $\Lambda$CDM models. Combining constraints from all six two-point functions yields $S_{8}=0.776^{+0.014}_{-0.021}$ and $\Omega_{\rm m}= 0.271^{+0.022}_{-0.016}$. These results provide a powerful test and confirmation of the results from the first year DES joint-probes analysis., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2019

11. A Search for Optical Emission from Binary-Black-Hole Merger GW170814 with the Dark Energy Camera

Author: Doctor, Z., Kessler, R., Herner, K., Palmese, A., Soares-Santos, M., Annis, J., Brout, D., Holz, D. E., Sako, M., Rest, A., Cowperthwaite, P., Berger, E., Foley, R. J., Conselice, C. J., Gill, M. S. S., Allam, S., Balbinot, E., Butler, R. E., Chen, H. -Y., Chornock, R., Cook, E., Diehl, H. T., Farr, B., Fong, W., Frieman, J., Fryer, C., García-Bellido, J., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Metzger, B. D., Nicholl, M., Paz-Chinchón, F., Salim, S., Sauseda, M., Secco, L. F., Smith, R. C., Smith, N., Vivas, A. K., Tucker, D. L., Abbott, T. M. C., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kent, S., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Collaboration, DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, and Astronomy
Subjects: coalescence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, interferometer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, localization, techniques: photometric, Binary black hole, star, surveys, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, optical, LIGO, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, ONDAS GRAVITACIONAIS, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, RCUK, imaging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Supernova, VIRGO, electromagnetic, gravitational waves, black hole: binary, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Dark energy, galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], stars: black holes
Abstract: Binary black hole (BBH) mergers found by the LIGO and Virgo detectors are of immense scientific interest to the astrophysics community, but are considered unlikely to be sources of electromagnetic emission. To test whether they have rapidly fading optical counterparts, we used the Dark Energy Camera to perform an $i$-band search for the BBH merger GW170814, the first gravitational wave detected by three interferometers. The 87-deg$^2$ localization region (at 90\% confidence) centered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) footprint enabled us to image 86\% of the probable sky area to a depth of $i\sim 23$ mag and provide the most comprehensive dataset to search for EM emission from BBH mergers. To identify candidates, we perform difference imaging with our search images and with templates from pre-existing DES images. The analysis strategy and selection requirements were designed to remove supernovae and to identify transients that decline in the first two epochs. We find two candidates, each of which is spatially coincident with a star or a high-redshift galaxy in the DES catalogs, and they are thus unlikely to be associated with GW170814. Our search finds no candidates associated with GW170814, disfavoring rapidly declining optical emission from BBH mergers brighter than $i\sim 23$ mag ($L_{\rm optical} \sim 5\times10^{41}$ erg/s) 1-2 days after coalescence. In terms of GW sky map coverage, this is the most complete search for optical counterparts to BBH mergers to date, Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2018
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12. The Splashback Feature around DES Galaxy Clusters: Galaxy Density and Weak Lensing Profiles

Author: Chang, Chihway, Baxter, E., Jain, B., Sánchez, C., Adhikari, S., Varga, T.N., Fang, Y., Rozo, Eduardo, Rykoff, E.S., Kravtsov, Andrey, Gruen, D., Hartley, W., Huff, E.M., Jarvis, M., Kim, A.G., Prat, J., MacCrann, N., McClintock, T., Palmese, A., Rapetti, D., Rollins, R.P., Samuroff, S., Sheldon, E., Troxel, M.A., Wechsler, R.H., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T.M.C., Abdalla, F.B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G.M., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., D'Andrea, C.B., Da Costa, L.N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Diehl, H.T., Dietrich, J.P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T.F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D.W., Gruendl, R.A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D.J., Jeltema, T., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., March, M., Marshall, J.L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J.J., Nord, B., Ogando, R.L.C., Plazas, A.A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R.C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M.E.C., Tarle, G., Weller, J., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), galaxies: halos, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Physical Chemistry, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Particle and Plasma Physics, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Nuclear, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Dark matter halo, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, cosmology: observations, Dark energy, Halo, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Splashback refers to the process of matter that is accreting onto a dark matter halo reaching its first orbital apocenter and turning around in its orbit. The cluster-centric radius at which this process occurs, r_sp, defines a halo boundary that is connected to the dynamics of the cluster. A rapid decline in the halo profile is expected near r_sp. We measure the galaxy number density and weak lensing mass profiles around redMaPPer galaxy clusters in the first year Dark Energy Survey (DES) data. For a cluster sample with mean M_200m mass ~2.5 x 10^14 M_sun, we find strong evidence of a splashback-like steepening of the galaxy density profile and measure r_sp=1.13 +/- 0.07 Mpc/h, consistent with earlier SDSS measurements of More et al. (2016) and Baxter et al. (2017). Moreover, our weak lensing measurement demonstrates for the first time the existence of a splashback-like steepening of the matter profile of galaxy clusters. We measure r_sp=1.34 +/- 0.21 Mpc/h from the weak lensing data, in good agreement with our galaxy density measurements. For different cluster and galaxy samples, we find that consistent with LCDM simulations, r_sp scales with R_200m and does not evolve with redshift over the redshift range of 0.3--0.6. We also find that potential systematic effects associated with the redMaPPer algorithm may impact the location of r_sp. We discuss progress needed to understand the systematic uncertainties and fully exploit forthcoming data from DES and future surveys, emphasizing the importance of more realistic mock catalogs and independent cluster samples., Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures; update to journal accepted version
Published: 2018

13. New Science, New Media: An Assessment of the Online Education and Public Outreach Initiatives of The Dark Energy Survey

Author: Wolf, R. C., Romer, A. K., Nord, B., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Biron, L., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Das, R., Ferte, A., Gill, M. S. S., Gupta, R. R., Hamilton, S., Hislop, J. M., Jennings, E., Krawiec, C., Kremin, A., Li, T. S., Lingard, T., Moller, A., Muir, J., Nagasawa, D. Q., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Zhang, Y., and Zuntz, J.
Subjects: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph), Physics - Physics Education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: As large-scale international collaborations become the standard for astronomy research, a wealth of opportunities have emerged to create innovative education and public outreach (EPO) programming. In the past two decades, large collaborations have focused EPO strategies around published data products. Newer collaborations have begun to explore other avenues of public engagement before and after data are made available. We present a case study of the online EPO program of The Dark Energy Survey, currently one of the largest international astronomy collaborations actively taking data. DES EPO is unique at this scale in astronomy, as far as we are aware, as it evolved organically from scientists' passion for EPO and is entirely organized and implemented by the volunteer efforts of collaboration scientists. We summarize the strategy and implementation of eight EPO initiatives. For content distributed via social media, we present reach and user statistics over the 2016 calendar year. DES EPO online products reached ~2,500 users per post, and 94% of these users indicate a predisposition to science-related interests. We find no obvious correlation between post type and post reach, with the most popular posts featuring the intersections of science and art and/or popular culture. We conclude that one key issue of the online DES EPO program was designing material which would inspire new interest in science. The greatest difficulty of the online DES EPO program was sustaining scientist participation and collaboration support; the most successful programs are those which capitalized on the hobbies of participating scientists. We present statistics and recommendations, along with observations from individual experience, as a potentially instructive resource for scientists or EPO professionals interested in organizing EPO programs and partnerships for large science collaborations or organizations., Comment: 50 pages, 3 appendices, 15 total figures
Published: 2018
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14. Observation and Confirmation of Six Strong Lensing Systems in The Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data

Author: Nord, B., Buckley-Geer, E., Lin, H., Diehl, H. T., Helsby, J., Kuropatkin, N., Amara, A., Collett, T., Allam, S., Caminha, G. B., de Bom, C., Desai, S., Dúmet-Montoya, H., Pereira, M. Elidaiana da S., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Furlanetto, C., Gaitsch, H., Gill, M., Merritt, K. W., More, A., Tucker, D., Saro, A., Rykoff, E. S., Rozo, E., Birrer, S., Abdalla, F. B., Agnello, A., Auger, M., Brunner, R. J., Carrasco Kind, M., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Foley, R. J., Gerdes, D. W., Glazebrook, K., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W., Kessler, R., Lagattuta, D., Lewis, G., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Menanteau, F., Niernberg, A., Scolnic, D., Vieira, J. D., Gramillano, R., Abbott, T. M. C., Banerji, M., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carretero, J., d'Andrea, C. B., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Zhang, Y., Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nord, B., Buckley-Geer, E., Lin, H., Diehl, H. T., Helsby, J., Kuropatkin, N., Amara, A., Collett, T., Allam, S., Caminha, G. B., De Bom, C., Desai, S., Dumet-Montoya, H., Da Pereira, M. Elidaiana S., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Furlanetto, C., Gaitsch, H., Gill, M., Merritt, K. W., More, A., Tucker, D., Saro, A., Rykoff, E. S., Rozo, E., Birrer, S., Abdalla, F. B., Agnello, A., Auger, M., Brunner, R. J., Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., Da Costa, L. N., Foley, R. J., Gerdes, D. W., Glazebrook, K., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W., Kessler, R., Lagattuta, D., Lewis, G., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Menanteau, F., Niernberg, A., Scolnic, D., Vieira, J. D., Gramillano, R., Abbott, T. M. C., Banerji, M., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., D'Andrea, C. B., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Strong gravitational lensing, observational [methods], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, cosmology: observations, galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: distances and redshifts, gravitational lensing: strong, methods: observational, techniques: spectroscopic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Einstein radius, law.invention, law, clusters: general [galaxies], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, Physics, Solar mass, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observations [cosmology], strong [gravitational lensing], astro-ph.CO, spectroscopic [techniques], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, observation [cosmology], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, distances and redshift [galaxies], Spectrograph, distances and reshifts [galaxies], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), uploaded-in-3-months-elsewhere
Abstract: We report the observation and confirmation of the first group- and cluster-scale strong gravitational lensing systems found in Dark Energy Survey (DES) data. Through visual inspection of data from the Science Verification (SV) season, we identified 53 candidate systems. We then obtained spectroscopic follow-up of 21 candidates using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) at the Gemini South telescope and the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) at the Magellan/Baade telescope. With this follow-up, we confirmed six candidates as gravitational lenses: Three of the systems are newly discovered, and the remaining three were previously known. Of the 21 observed candidates, the remaining 15 were either not detected in spectroscopic observations, were observed and did not exhibit continuum emission (or spectral features), or were ruled out as lensing systems. The confirmed sample consists of one group-scale and five galaxy cluster-scale lenses. The lensed sources range in redshift z ~ 0.80-3.2, and in i-band surface brightness i_{SB} ~ 23-25 mag/sq.-arcsec. (2" aperture). For each of the six systems, we estimate the Einstein radius and the enclosed mass, which have ranges ~ 5.0 - 8.6" and ~ 7.5 x 10^{12} - 6.4 x 10^{13} solar masses, respectively., 17 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables; submitted to ApJ
Published: 2015

15. OzDES multifibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: Three year results and first data release

Author: Childress, M. J., Lidman, C., Davis, T. M., Tucker, B. E., Asorey, J., Yuan, F., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Banerji, M., Benoit-Levy, A., Stephanie Bernard, Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carollo, D., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., Da Costa, L. N., D Andrea, C. B., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hoormann, J. K., James, D. J., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., King, A. L., Kovacs, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lagattuta, D. J., Lewis, G. F., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Lin, H., Macaulay, E., Maia, M. A. G., Marriner, J., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mcmahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Moller, A., Morganson, E., Mould, J., Mudd, D., Muthukrishna, D., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Ostrovski, F., Parkinson, D., Plazas, A. A., Reed, S. L., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Seymour, N., Sharp, R., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Sommer, N. E., Spinka, H., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Uddin, S. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., and Zhang, B. R.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results for the first three years of OzDES, a six-year programme to obtain redshifts for objects in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) supernova fields using the 2dF fibre positioner and AAOmega spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. OzDES is a multi-object spectroscopic survey targeting multiple types of targets at multiple epochs over a multi-year baseline, and is one of the first multi-object spectroscopic surveys to dynamically include transients into the target list soon after their discovery. At the end of three years, OzDES has spectroscopically confirmed almost 100 supernovae, and has measured redshifts for 17,000 objects, including the redshifts of 2,566 supernova hosts. We examine how our ability to measure redshifts for targets of various types depends on signal-to-noise, magnitude, and exposure time, finding that our redshift success rate increases significantly at a signal-to-noise of 2 to 3 per 1-Angstrom bin. We also find that the change in signal-to-noise with exposure time closely matches the Poisson limit for stacked exposures as long as 10 hours. We use these results to predict the redshift yield of the full OzDES survey, as well as the potential yields of future surveys on other facilities such as the 4m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), and the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE). This work marks the first OzDES data release, comprising 14,693 redshifts. OzDES is on target to obtain over a yield of approximately 5,700 supernova host-galaxy redshifts., Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Redshift data release is available at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/ozdes/DR1
Published: 2017

16. Chemical Abundance Analysis of Three $��$-Poor, Metal-Poor Stars in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Horologium I

Author: Nagasawa, D. Q., Marshall, J. L., Simon, J. D., Hansen, T. T., Li, T. S., Bernstein, R. A., Balbinot, E., Drlica-Wagner, A., Pace, A. B., Strigari, L. E., Pellegrino, C. M., DePoy, D. L., Suntzeff, N. B., Bechtol, K., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Benoit-L��vy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., March, M., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Wolf, R. C., and Yanny, B.
Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We present chemical abundance measurements of three stars in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Horologium I, a Milky Way satellite discovered by the Dark Energy Survey. Using high resolution spectroscopic observations we measure the metallicity of the three stars as well as abundance ratios of several $��$-elements, iron-peak elements, and neutron-capture elements. The abundance pattern is relatively consistent among all three stars, which have a low average metallicity of [Fe/H] $\sim -2.6$ and are not $��$-enhanced ([$��$/Fe] $\sim 0.0$). This result is unexpected when compared to other low-metallicity stars in the Galactic halo and other ultra-faint dwarfs and hints at an entirely different mechanism for the enrichment of Hor I compared to other satellites. We discuss possible scenarios that could lead to this observed nucleosynthetic signature including extended star formation, a Population III supernova, and a possible association with the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Published: 2017
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17. Eight new luminous z > 6 quasars selected via SED model fitting of VISTA, WISE and Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Observations

Author: Reed, S. L., McMahon, R. G., Martini, P., Banerji, M., Auger, M., Hewett, P. C., Koposov, S. E., Gibbons, S. L. J., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Ostrovski, F., Tie, S. S., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., da Costa, L. N., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., and Wester, W.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation with the ESO NTT and Gemini South telescopes of eight new 6.0 < z < 6.5 quasars with z$_{AB}$ < 21.0. These quasars were photometrically selected without any star-galaxy morphological criteria from 1533 deg$^{2}$ using SED model fitting to photometric data from the Dark Energy Survey (g, r, i, z, Y), the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (J, H, K) and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (W1, W2). The photometric data was fitted with a grid of quasar model SEDs with redshift dependent Lyman-�� forest absorption and a range of intrinsic reddening as well as a series of low mass cool star models. Candidates were ranked using on a SED-model based $��^{2}$-statistic, which is extendable to other future imaging surveys (e.g. LSST, Euclid). Our spectral confirmation success rate is 100% without the need for follow-up photometric observations as used in other studies of this type. Combined with automatic removal of the main types of non-astrophysical contaminants the method allows large data sets to be processed without human intervention and without being over run by spurious false candidates. We also present a robust parametric redshift estimating technique that gives comparable accuracy to MgII and CO based redshift estimators. We find two z $\sim$ 6.2 quasars with HII near zone sizes < 3 proper Mpc which could indicate that these quasars may be young with ages < 10$^6$ - 10$^7$ years or lie in over dense regions of the IGM. The z = 6.5 quasar VDESJ0224-4711 has J$_{AB}$ = 19.75 is the second most luminous quasar known with z > 6.5., 19 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2017
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18. Baryon Content in a Sample of 91 Galaxy Clusters Selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25

Author: Chiu, I., Mohr, J. J., McDonald, M., Bocquet, S., Desai, S., Klein, M., Israel, H., Ashby, M. L. N., Stanford, A., Benson, B. A., Brodwin, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bayliss, M., Benoit-L��vy, A., Bertin, E., Bleem, L., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Bulbul, E., Capasso, R., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Garc��a-Bellido, J., Garmire, G., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gonzalez, A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Hlavacek-L., J., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kraft, R., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Murray, S., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Rapetti, D., Reichardt, C. L., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sharon, K., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stalder, B., Stern, C., Strazzullo, V., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We estimate total mass ($M_{500}$), intracluster medium (ICM) mass ($M_{\mathrm{ICM}}$) and stellar mass ($M_{\star}$) in a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses $M_{500}\gtrsim2.5\times10^{14}M_{\odot}$ and redshift $0.2 < z < 1.25$ from the 2500 deg$^2$ South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses $M_{500}$ are estimated from the SZE observable, the ICM masses $M_{\mathrm{ICM}}$ are obtained from the analysis of $Chandra$ X-ray observations, and the stellar masses $M_{\star}$ are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey (DES) $griz$ optical photometry and $WISE$ or $Spitzer$ near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past $\approx9$ Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low density environment or field surrounding the parent halos, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called "missing baryons" outside cluster virial regions., Accepted by MNRAS with further clarification and discussion of the mass calibration added
Published: 2017
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19. Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

Author: Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F, Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio, M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P, Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Danilishin, S. L., Antonio de Ugarte Postigo, Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., Debra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., Derosa, R. T., Rosa, R., Desalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B, Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fournier, J. -D, Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. 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M., Cline, T., Krimm, H., Interplanetary Network, For The, Abe, F., Doi, M., Fujisawa, K., Kawabata, K. S., Morokuma, T., Motohara, K., Tanaka, M., Ohta, K., Yanagisawa, K., Yoshida, M., J-Gem, For The Collaboration, Baltay, C., Rabinowitz, D., Ellman, N., Rostami, S., La Silla--Quest Survey, For The, Bersier, D. F., Bode, M. F., Collins, C. A., Copperwheat, C. M., Darnley, M. J., Galloway, D. K., Gomboc, A., Kobayashi, S., Mazzali, P., Mundell, C. G., Piascik, A. S., Pollacco, Don, Steele, I. A., Ulaczyk, K., for the Liverpool Telescope Collaboration, Broderick, J. W., Fender, R. P., Jonker, P. G., Rowlinson, A., Stappers, B. W., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Low Frequency Array, For The, Lipunov, V., Gorbovskoy, E., Tyurina, N., Kornilov, V., Balanutsa, P., Kuznetsov, A., Buckley, D., Rebolo, R., Serra-Ricart, M., Israelian, G., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O., Ivanov, K., Poleshuk, V., Tlatov, A., Yurkov, V., Master, For The Collaboration, Kawai, N., Serino, M., Negoro, H., Nakahira, S., Mihara, T., Tomida, H., Ueno, S., Tsunemi, H., Matsuoka, M., Maxi, For The Collaboration, Croft, S., Feng, L., Franzen, T. M. O., Gaensler, B. M., Johnston-Hollitt, M., Kaplan, D. L., Morales, M. F., Tingay, S. J., Wayth, R. B., Williams, A., Murchison Wide-Field Array, For The, Smartt, S. J., Chambers, K. C., Smith, K. W., Huber, M. E., Young, D. R., Wright, D. E., Schultz, A., Denneau, L., Flewelling, H., Magnier, E. A., Primak, N., Rest, A., Sherstyuk, A., Stalder, B., Stubbs, C. W., Tonry, J., Waters, C., Willman, M., for the Pan-STARRS Collaboration, Olivares E, F., Campbell, H., Kotak, R., Sollerman, J., Smith, M., Dennefeld, M., Anderson, J. P., Botticella, M. T., Chen, T. -W, Valle, M. D., Elias-Rosa, N., Fraser, M., Inserra, C., Kankare, E., Kupfer, T., Harmanen, J., Galbany, L., Le Guillou, L., Lyman, J. D., Maguire, K., Mitra, A., Nicholl, M., Razza, A., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Gal-Yam, A., Pessto, For The Collaboration, Ćwiek, A., Ćwiok, M., Mankiewicz, L., Opiela, R., Zaremba, M., Żarnecki, A. F., for the Pi of the Sky Collaboration, Onken, C. A., Scalzo, R. A., Schmidt, B. P., Wolf, C., Yuan, F., for the SkyMapper Collaboration, Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Cenko, S. B., Marshall, F. E., Nousek, J., O Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Palmer, D., Perri, M., Racusin, J., Siegel, M., Tagliaferri, G., for the Swift Collaboration, Klotz, A., Turpin, D., Laugier, R., Tarot, For The, Zadko, National Observatory, Algerian, Pu Collaboration, C., Beroiz, M., Peñuela, T., Macri, L. M., Oelkers, R. J., Lambas, D. G., Vrech, R., Cabral, J., Colazo, C., Dominguez, M., Sanchez, B., Gurovich, S., Lares, M., Marshall, J. L., Depoy, D. L., Padilla, N., Pereyra, N. A., Benacquista, M., Toros, For The Collaboration, Tanvir, N. R., Wiersema, K., Levan, A. J., Steeghs, D., Hjorth, J., Fynbo, J. P. U., Malesani, D., Milvang-Jensen, B., Watson, D., Irwin, M., Fernandez, C. G., Mcmahon, R. G., Banerji, M., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Schulze, S., Postigo, A. U., Thoene, C. C., Cano, Z., Rosswog, S., Vista, For The Collaboration, LIGO, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), VIRGO, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Cosmology and Gravitation, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], gr-qc, ST/I001123/1, gravitational radiation, RCUK, FOS: Physical sciences, electromagnetic [current], General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), gravitational radiation detector, localization, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, electromagnetic, emission [gravitational radiation], ST/L000709/1, Computer Science::Multimedia, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, STFC, QB
Abstract: This Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands., Comment: For the main Letter, see arXiv:1602.08492
Published: 2016
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20. A Study of Quasar Selection in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova fields

Author: Tie, S. S., Martini, P., Mudd, D., Ostrovski, F., Reed, S. L., Lidman, C., Kochanek, C., Davis, T. M., Sharp, R., Uddin, S., King, A., Wester, W., Tucker, B. E., Tucker, D. L., Buckley-Geer, E., Carollo, D., Childress, M., Glazebrook, K., Hinton, S. R., Lewis, G., Macaulay, E., O Neill, C. R., Abbott, T. M. C., Filipe Abdalla, Annis, J., Benoit-L Evy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Da Costa, L. N., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Des, The Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a study of quasar selection using the DES supernova fields. We used a quasar catalog from an overlapping portion of the SDSS Stripe 82 region to quantify the completeness and efficiency of selection methods involving color, probabilistic modeling, variability, and combinations of color/probabilistic modeling with variability. We only considered objects that appear as point sources in the DES images. We examine color selection methods based on the WISE mid-IR W1-W2 color, a mixture of WISE and DES colors (g-i and i-W1) and a mixture of VHS and DES colors (g-i and i-K). For probabilistic quasar selection, we used XDQSOz, an algorithm that employs an empirical multi-wavelength flux model of quasars to assign quasar probabilities. Our variability selection uses the multi-band chi2-probability that sources are constant in the DES Year 1 griz-band light curves. The completeness and efficiency are calculated relative to an underlying sample of point sources that are detected in the required selection bands and pass our data quality and photometric error cuts. We conduct our analyses at two magnitude limits, i85% for both i-band magnitude limits and efficiencies of >80% to the bright limit and >60% to the faint limit; however, the giW1 and giW1+variability methods give the highest quasar surface densities. The XDQSOz method and combinations of W1W2/giW1/XDQSOz with variability are among the better selection methods when both high completeness and high efficiency are desired. We also present the OzDES Quasar Catalog of 1,263 spectroscopically-confirmed quasars taken by the OzDES survey. The catalog includes quasars with redshifts up to z~4 and brighter than i=22 mag, although the catalog is not complete up this magnitude limit., 16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables; Submitted to ApJ. The OzDES Quasar Catalog can be downloaded at http://bit.ly/2fWsK9t . For a video summary of the paper, please see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeQNdUATze0
Published: 2016
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21. SPOKES: an End-to-End Simulation Facility for Spectroscopic Cosmological Surveys

Author: Nord, B., Amara, A., Refregier, A., Gamper, La., Gamper, Lu., Hambrecht, B., Chang, C., Forero-Romero, J. E., Serrano, S., Cunha, C., Coles, O., Nicola, A., Busha, M., Bauer, A., Saunders, W., Jouvel, S., Kirk, D., and Wechsler, R.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The nature of dark matter, dark energy and large-scale gravity pose some of the most pressing questions in cosmology today. These fundamental questions require highly precise measurements, and a number of wide-field spectroscopic survey instruments are being designed to meet this requirement. A key component in these experiments is the development of a simulation tool to forecast science performance, define requirement flow-downs, optimize implementation, demonstrate feasibility, and prepare for exploitation. We present SPOKES (SPectrOscopic KEn Simulation), an end-to-end simulation facility for spectroscopic cosmological surveys designed to address this challenge. SPOKES is based on an integrated infrastructure, modular function organization, coherent data handling and fast data access. These key features allow reproducibility of pipeline runs, enable ease of use and provide flexibility to update functions within the pipeline. The cyclic nature of the pipeline offers the possibility to make the science output an efficient measure for design optimization and feasibility testing. We present the architecture, first science, and computational performance results of the simulation pipeline. The framework is general, but for the benchmark tests, we use the Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESpec), one of the early concepts for the upcoming project, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We discuss how the SPOKES framework enables a rigorous process to optimize and exploit spectroscopic survey experiments in order to derive high-precision cosmological measurements optimally., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2016
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22. Eight new Milky Way companions discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey Data

Author: Des, The Collaboration, Bechtol, K., Drlica-Wagner, A., Balbinot, E., Pieres, A., Simon, J. D., Yanny, B., Santiago, B., Wechsler, R. H., Frieman, J., Walker, A. R., Williams, P., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Queiroz, A., Luque, E., Benoit-Levy, A., Tucker, D., Sevilla, I., Gruendl, R. A., Da Costa, L. N., Fausti Neto, A., Maia, M. A. G., Abbott, T., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Bauer, A. H., Bernstein, G. M., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Castander, F. J., Covarrubias, R., D Andrea, C. B., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., August Evrard, Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D., Girardi, L., Gladders, M., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Hao, J., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D., Kent, S., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lin, H., Makler, M., March, M., Marshall, J., Martini, P., Merritt, K. W., Miller, C., Miquel, R., Mohr, J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Peoples, J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Wester, W., and Zuntz, J.
Subjects: Cosmology and Gravitation, Stellar population, dwarf [galaxies], Milky Way, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Galaxia, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Satellite galaxy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Eridanus, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), QB, Physics, Aglomerados de galaxias, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, Local Group, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the discovery of eight new Milky Way companions in ~1,800 deg^2 of optical imaging data collected during the first year of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Each system is identified as a statistically significant over-density of individual stars consistent with the expected isochrone and luminosity function of an old and metal-poor stellar population. The objects span a wide range of absolute magnitudes (M_V from -2.2 mag to -7.4 mag), physical sizes (10 pc to 170 pc), and heliocentric distances (30 kpc to 330 kpc). Based on the low surface brightnesses, large physical sizes, and/or large Galactocentric distances of these objects, several are likely to be new ultra-faint satellite galaxies of the Milky Way and/or Magellanic Clouds. We introduce a likelihood-based algorithm to search for and characterize stellar over-densities, as well as identify stars with high satellite membership probabilities. We also present completeness estimates for detecting ultra-faint galaxies of varying luminosities, sizes, and heliocentric distances in the first-year DES data., 33 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Readers may be interested in the concurrent work by Koposov, Belokurov, Torrealba, & Evans (http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02079). Indirect dark matter search results are presented in Drlica-Wagner, Albert, Bechtol, Wood, Strigari, et al. (The LAT and DES Collaborations, http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02632)
Published: 2015

23. DES J0454-4448: Discovery of the First Luminous z > 6 Quasar from the Dark Energy Survey

Author: Reed, S. L., McMahon, R. G., Banerji, M., Becker, G. D., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Martini, P., Ostrovski, F., Rauch, M., Abbott, T., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, da Costa, L. N., ��Andrea, C., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Cunha, C. E, Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Neto, A. Fausti, Finley, D. A., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gruen, D., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kent, S., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Marshall, J., Merritt, K., Miquel, R., Mohr, J., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A., Romer, K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Schubnell, M., Sevilla, I., Smith, C., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D., Walker, A., and Wechsler, R. H.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract: We present the first results of a survey for high redshift, z $\ge$ 6, quasars using izY multi-colour photometric observations from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Here we report the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of the $\rm z_{AB}, Y_{AB}$ = 20.2, 20.2 (M$_{1450}$ = $-$26.5) quasar DES J0454$-$4448 with an emission line redshift of z = 6.10$\pm$0.03 and a HI near zone size of 4.6 $\pm$ 1.7 Mpc.The quasar was selected as an i-band drop out with i$-$z = 2.46 and z$_{AB} < 21.5$ from an area of $\rm \sim$300 deg$^2$. It is the brightest of our 43 candidates and was identified for follow-up spectroscopically solely based on the DES i$-$z and z$-$Y colours. The quasar is detected by WISE and has $W1_{AB} = 19.68$. The discovery of one spectroscopically confirmed quasar with 5.7 $$ 50-100 new quasars with z $>$ 6 including 3-10 with z $>$ 7 dramatically increasing the numbers of quasars currently known that are suitable for detailed studies including determination of the neutral HI fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of Hydrogen reionization., 9 pages, 13 figures, this is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review
Published: 2015
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24. Effects of Selection and Covariance on X-ray Scaling Relations of Galaxy Clusters

Author: Nord, B., Stanek, R., Rasia, E., and Evrard, A. E.
Subjects: Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Abstract: We explore how the behavior of galaxy cluster scaling relations are affected by flux-limited selection biases and intrinsic covariance among observable properties. Our models presume log-normal covariance between luminosity (L) and temperature (T) at fixed mass (M), centered on evolving, power-law mean relations as a function of host halo mass. Selection can mimic evolution; the \lm and \lt relations from shallow X-ray flux-limited samples will deviate from mass-limited expectations at nearly all scales while the relations from deep surveys ($10^{-14} \cgsflux$) become complete, and therefore unbiased, at masses above $\sims 2 \times 10^{14} \hinv \msol$. We derive expressions for low-order moments of the luminosity distribution at fixed temperature, and show that the slope and scatter of the \lt relation observed in flux-limited samples is sensitive to the assumed \lt correlation coefficient. In addition, \lt covariance affects the redshift behavior of halo counts and mean luminosity in a manner that is nearly degenerate with intrinsic population evolution., 5pages, 4 Figures, Submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2007

25. COSMOGRAIL XVI: Time delays for the quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354 with high-cadence photometric monitoring

Author: Courbin, F., Bonvin, V., Buckley-Geer, E., Fassnacht, C. D., Frieman, J., Lin, H., Marshall, P. J., Suyu, S. H., Treu, T., Anguita, T., Motta, V., Meylan, G., Paic, E., Tewes, M., Agnello, A., Chao, D. C. -Y, Chijani, M., Gilman, D., Rojas, K., Williams, P., Hempel, A., Kim, S., Lachaume, R., Rabus, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Allam, S., Annis, J., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Richard McMahon, Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., and Wester, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present time-delay measurements for the new quadruply imaged quasar DES J0408-5354, the first quadruply imaged quasar found in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Our result is made possible by implementing a new observational strategy using almost daily observations with the MPIA 2.2m telescope at La Silla observatory and deep exposures reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. This data quality allows us to catch small photometric variations (a few mmag rms) of the quasar, acting on temporal scales much shorter than microlensing, hence making the time delay measurement very robust against microlensing. In only 7 months we measure very accurately one of the time delays in DES J0408-5354: Dt(AB) = -112.1 +- 2.1 days (1.8%) using only the MPIA 2.2m data. In combination with data taken with the 1.2m Euler Swiss telescope, we also measure two delays involving the D component of the system Dt(AD) = -155.5 +- 12.8 days (8.2%) and Dt(BD) = -42.4 +- 17.6 days (41%), where all the error bars include systematics. Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints will require deep HST imaging or ground-based Adaptive Optics (AO), and information on the velocity field of the lensing galaxy., 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

26. Physical properties of star clusters in the outer LMC as observed by the Dark Energy Survey

Author: Pieres, A., Santiago, B., Balbinot, E., Luque, E., Queiroz, A. B. A., Da Costa, L. N., Maia, M. A. G., Drlica-Wagner, A., Roodman, A., Abbott, C., Allam, S., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Eifler, T. F., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Douglas Tucker, and Walker, A. R.
Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) harbors a rich and diverse system of star clusters, whose ages, chemical abundances, and positions provide information about the LMC history of star formation. We use Science Verification imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey to increase the census of known star clusters in the outer LMC and to derive physical parameters for a large sample of such objects using a spatially and photometrically homogeneous data set. Our sample contains 255 visually identified cluster candidates, of which 109 were not listed in any previous catalog. We quantify the crowding effect for the stellar sample produced by the DES Data Management pipeline and conclude that the stellar completeness is < 10% inside typical LMC cluster cores. We therefore develop a pipeline to sample and measure stellar magnitudes and positions around the cluster candidates using DAOPHOT. We also implement a maximum-likelihood method to fit individual density profiles and colour-magnitude diagrams. For 117 (from a total of 255) of the cluster candidates (28 uncatalogued clusters), we obtain reliable ages, metallicities, distance moduli and structural parameters, confirming their nature as physical systems. The distribution of cluster metallicities shows a radial dependence, with no clusters more metal-rich than [Fe/H] ~ -0.7 beyond 8 kpc from the LMC center. The age distribution has two peaks at ~ 1.2 Gyr and ~ 2.7 Gyr., 41 pages, 16 figures, 1 appendix

27. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing

Author: Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Alarcon, A., Aleksic, J., Allam, S., Allen, S., Amara, A., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Balbinot, E., Banerji, M., Banik, N., Barkhouse, W., Baumer, M., Baxter, E., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benoit-Levy, A., Benson, B. A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Busha, M. T., Campos, A. [UNESP], Capozzi, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, N., Childress, M., Choi, A., Conselice, C., Crittenden, R., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. da, Das, R., Davis, T. M., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., DePoy, D. L., DeRose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elliott, A. E., Elsner, F., Elvin-Poole, J., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Fang, Y., Fernandez, E., Ferte, A., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Friedrich, O., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Garcia-Fernandez, M., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gill, M. S. S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hamilton, S., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. D., Johnson, M. W. G., Kacprzak, T., Kent, S., Kim, A. G., King, A., Kirk, D., Kokron, N., Kovacs, A., Krause, E., Krawiec, C., Kremin, A., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lacasa, F. [UNESP], Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Liddle, A. R., Lidman, C., Lima, M., Lin, H., MacCrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., Manera, M., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Miranda, V., Mudd, D., Muir, J., Moller, A., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Peacock, J., Peiris, H. V., Peoples, J., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Porredon, A., Prat, J., Pujol, A., Rau, M. M., Refregier, A., Ricker, P. M., Roe, N., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosenfeld, R. [UNESP], Ross, A. J., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Salvador, A. I., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, C., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Scolnic, D., Secco, L. F., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, R. C., Smith, M., Smith, J., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Tucker, B. E., Uddin, S. A., Varga, T. N., Vielzeuf, P., Vikram, V., Vivas, A. K., Walker, A. R., Wang, M., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wester, W., Wolf, R. C., Yanny, B., Yuan, F., Zenteno, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Rhodes University, University College London, IEEC-CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, ETH Zurich, University of Queensland, ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), University of Portsmouth, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, University of Surrey, University of Cambridge, Witmer Hall, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, LSST, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, University of Chicago, Observatoire de Sauverny, Ohio State University, University of Manchester, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Laboratório Interinstitucional de E-Astronomia - LIneA, Observatório Nacional, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, University of Southampton, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Texas A and M University, IIT Hyderabad, Excellence Cluster Universe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, California Institute of Technology, University of Edinburgh, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Swinburne University of Technology, 501 Campbell Hall, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Washington, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Australian Astronomical Observatory, Argonne National Laboratory, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Peyton Hall, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Australian National University, University of Sussex, University of Arizona, UFRGS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Dept. Physics-Astronomy, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Rhodes Univ, UCL, CSIC, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Univ, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, Univ Portsmouth, UAM, Univ Surrey, Univ Cambridge, Univ North Dakota, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Penn, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Chicago, EPFL, Ohio State Univ, Univ Manchester, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Lab Interinst Astron LIneA, Observ Nacl, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Univ Illinois, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham, Univ Michigan, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambient & Tecnol CIEMAT, Texas A&M Univ, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, CALTECH, Univ Edinburgh, Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Swinburne Univ Technol, Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Washington, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Australian Astron Observ, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctrt Brasileiro Pesquisas Fisicas, Princeton Univ, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Australian Natl Univ, Univ Sussex, Univ Arizona, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Austin Peay State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, and Chinese Acad Sci
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, STFC, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, QC, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, RCUK, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, Redshift, Galaxy, symbols, Dark energy, Neutrino, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present cosmological results from a combined analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing, using 1321 deg$^2$ of $griz$ imaging data from the first year of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y1). We combine three two-point functions: (i) the cosmic shear correlation function of 26 million source galaxies in four redshift bins, (ii) the galaxy angular autocorrelation function of 650,000 luminous red galaxies in five redshift bins, and (iii) the galaxy-shear cross-correlation of luminous red galaxy positions and source galaxy shears. To demonstrate the robustness of these results, we use independent pairs of galaxy shape, photometric redshift estimation and validation, and likelihood analysis pipelines. To prevent confirmation bias, the bulk of the analysis was carried out while blind to the true results; we describe an extensive suite of systematics checks performed and passed during this blinded phase. The data are modeled in flat $\Lambda$CDM and $w$CDM cosmologies, marginalizing over 20 nuisance parameters, varying 6 (for $\Lambda$CDM) or 7 (for $w$CDM) cosmological parameters including the neutrino mass density and including the 457 $\times$ 457 element analytic covariance matrix. We find consistent cosmological results from these three two-point functions, and from their combination obtain $S_8 \equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.783^{+0.021}_{-0.025}$ and $\Omega_m = 0.264^{+0.032}_{-0.019}$ for $\Lambda$CDM for $w$CDM, we find $S_8 = 0.794^{+0.029}_{-0.027}$, $\Omega_m = 0.279^{+0.043}_{-0.022}$, and $w=-0.80^{+0.20}_{-0.22}$ at 68% CL. The precision of these DES Y1 results rivals that from the Planck cosmic microwave background measurements, allowing a comparison of structure in the very early and late Universe on equal terms. Although the DES Y1 best-fit values for $S_8$ and $\Omega_m$ are lower than the central values from Planck ..., Comment: Matches published version. Results essentially unchanged, except updated covariance matrix leads to improved chi^2 (colored text removed)

28. Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from DES Science Verification Data: Methodology and Detailed Analysis

Author: Vikram, V., Chang, C., Jain, B., Bacon, D., Amara, A., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G., Bonnett, C., Bridle, S., Brout, D., Busha, M., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Hartley, W., Jarvis, M., Kacprzak, T., Kovacs, A., Lahav, O., Leistedt, B., Lin, H., Melchior, P., Peiris, H., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E., Sanchez, C., Sheldon, E., Troxel, M. A., Wechsler, R., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T., Abdalla, F. B., Armstrong, R., Banerji, M., Bauer, A. H., Benoit-Levy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Estrada, J., August Evrard, Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gerdes, D., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Honscheid, K., James, D., Kent, S., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Maia, M. A. G., Makler, M., March, M., Marshall, J., Martini, P., Merritt, K. W., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., and Weller, J.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Weak gravitational lensing allows one to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the projected mass density across the sky. These "mass maps" provide a powerful tool for studying cosmology as they probe both luminous and dark matter. In this paper, we present a weak lensing mass map reconstructed from shear measurements in a 139 sq. deg area from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification (SV) data. We compare the distribution of mass with that of the foreground distribution of galaxies and clusters. The overdensities in the reconstructed map correlate well with the distribution of optically detected clusters. We demonstrate that candidate superclusters and voids along the line of sight can be identified, exploiting the tight scatter of the cluster photometric redshifts. We cross-correlate the mass map with a foreground magnitude-limited galaxy sample from the same data. Our measurement gives results consistent with mock catalogs from N-body simulations that include the primary sources of statistical uncertainties in the galaxy, lensing, and photo-z catalogs. The statistical significance of the cross-correlation is at the 6.8-sigma level with 20 arcminute smoothing. A major goal of this study is to investigate systematic effects arising from a variety of sources, including PSF and photo-z uncertainties. We make maps derived from twenty variables that may characterize systematics and find the principal components. We find that the contribution of systematics to the lensing mass maps is generally within measurement uncertainties. In this work, we analyze less than 3% of the final area that will be mapped by the DES; the tools and analysis techniques developed in this paper can be applied to forthcoming larger datasets from the survey., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables; accepted to PRD

29. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Dark Energy Camera Discovery of the Optical Counterpart

Author: Soares-Santos, M., Holz, D. E., Annis, J., Chornock, R., Herner, K., Berger, E., Brout, D., Chen, H., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Butler, R. E., Palmese, A., Doctor, Z., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Yanny, B., Lin, H., Scolnic, D., Cowperthwaite, P., Neilsen, E., Marriner, J., Kuropatkin, N., Hartley, W. G., Paz-Chinchón, F., Alexander, K. D., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Brown, D. A., Carlin, J. L., Conselice, C., Cook, E. R., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Ben Farr, Finley, D. A., Foley, R. J., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hanna, C., Kasen, D., Li, T. S., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Quataert, E., Rest, A., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Banerji, M., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Mcmahon, R. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Vikram, V., Wechsler, R. H., and Weller, J.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) discovery of the optical counterpart of the first binary neutron star merger detected through gravitational wave emission, GW170817. Our observations commenced 10.5 hours post-merger, as soon as the localization region became accessible from Chile. We imaged 70 deg$^2$ in the $i$ and $z$ bands, covering 93\% of the initial integrated localization probability, to a depth necessary to identify likely optical counterparts (e.g., a kilonova). At 11.4 hours post-merger we detected a bright optical transient located $10.6''$ from the nucleus of NGC\,4993 at redshift $z=0.0098$, consistent (for $H_0 = 70$\, km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$) with the distance of $40 \pm 8$\, Mpc reported by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration (LVC). At detection the transient had magnitudes $i\approx 17.30$ and $z\approx 17.45$, and thus an absolute magnitude of $M_i = -15.7$, in the luminosity range expected for a kilonova. We identified 1,500 potential transient candidates. Applying simple selection criteria aimed at rejecting background events such as supernovae, we find the transient associated with NGC\,4993 as the only remaining plausible counterpart, and reject chance coincidence at the 99.5\% confidence level. We therefore conclude that the optical counterpart we have identified near NGC\,4993 is associated with GW170817. This discovery ushers in the era of multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves, and demonstrates the power of DECam to identify the optical counterparts of gravitational-wave sources., 9 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables. ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

30. Evolution of Galaxy Luminosity and Stellar-Mass Functions since $z=1$ with the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data

Author: Capozzi, D., Etherington, J., Thomas, D., Maraston, C., Rykoff, E. S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Bechtol, K., Carrasco Kind, M., Drlica-Wagner, A., Pforr, J., Gschwend, J., Carnero Rosell, A., Pellegrini, P., Maia, M. A. G., Da Costa, L. N., Benoit-Lévy, A., Swanson, M. E. C., Wechsler, R. H., Banerji, M., Papovich, C., Morice-Atkinson, X., Abdalla, F., Brooks, D., Carretero, J., Cunha, C., D Andrea, C., Desai, S., Diehl, T. H., Evrards, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., James, D., Jeltema, T., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas Malagòn, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Eric Suchyta, and Tarle, G.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first study of the evolution of the galaxy luminosity and stellar-mass functions (GLF and GSMF) carried out by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We describe the COMMODORE galaxy catalogue selected from Science Verification images. This catalogue is made of $\sim 4\times 10^{6}$ galaxies at $0, Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables. Submitted for publication. Comments are welcome

31. Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the DES Science Verification Data

Author: Clampitt, J., Sánchez, C., Kwan, J., Krause, E., Maccrann, N., Park, Y., Troxel, M. A., Jain, B., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Risa Wechsler, Blazek, J., Bonnett, C., Crocce, M., Fang, Y., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Jarvis, M., Miquel, R., Prat, J., Ross, A. J., Sheldon, E., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Armstrong, R., Becker, M. R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Cunha, C. E., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Fausti Neto, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gruendl, R. A., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Vikram, V., and Walker, A. R.
Subjects: Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gravitational lensing, weak, RCUK, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, haloes, Galaxies, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present galaxy-galaxy lensing results from 139 square degrees of Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification (SV) data. Our lens sample consists of red galaxies, known as redMaGiC, which are specifically selected to have a low photometric redshift error and outlier rate. The lensing measurement has a total signal-to-noise of 29 over scales $0.09 < R < 15$ Mpc/$h$, including all lenses over a wide redshift range $0.2 < z < 0.8$. Dividing the lenses into three redshift bins for this constant moving number density sample, we find no evidence for evolution in the halo mass with redshift. We obtain consistent results for the lensing measurement with two independent shear pipelines, ngmix and im3shape. We perform a number of null tests on the shear and photometric redshift catalogs and quantify resulting systematic uncertainties. Covariances from jackknife subsamples of the data are validated with a suite of 50 mock surveys. The results and systematics checks in this work provide a critical input for future cosmological and galaxy evolution studies with the DES data and redMaGiC galaxy samples. We fit a Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, and demonstrate that our data constrains the mean halo mass of the lens galaxies, despite strong degeneracies between individual HOD parameters., 15 pages, 10 figures; Matches version accepted by MNRAS

32. Redshift distributions of galaxies in the DES Science Verification shear catalogue and implications for weak lensing

Author: Bonnett, C., Troxel, M. A., Hartley, W., Amara, A., Leistedt, B., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G. M., Bridle, S., Bruderer, C., Busha, M. T., Carrasco Kind, M., Childress, M. J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C., Crocce, M., Davis, T. M., Eifler, T. F., Frieman, J., Gangkofner, C., Gaztanaga, E., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Kacprzak, T., King, A., Kwan, J., Lahav, O., Lewis, G., Lidman, C., Lin, H., Maccrann, N., Miquel, R., O Neill, C. R., Palmese, A., Peiris, H. V., Refregier, A., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sadeh, I., Sánchez, C., Sheldon, E., Uddin, S., Wechsler, R. H., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Banerji, M., Bauer, A. H., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Kim, A. G., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Miller, C. J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Eric Suchyta, Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Vikram, V., and Walker, A. R.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present photometric redshift estimates for galaxies used in the weak lensing analysis of the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification (DES SV) data. Four model- or machine learning-based photometric redshift methods -- ANNZ2, BPZ calibrated against BCC-Ufig simulations, SkyNet, and TPZ -- are analysed. For training, calibration, and testing of these methods, we construct a catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies matched against DES SV data. The performance of the methods is evaluated against the matched spectroscopic catalogue, focusing on metrics relevant for weak lensing analyses, with additional validation against COSMOS photo-zs. From the galaxies in the DES SV shear catalogue, which have mean redshift $0.72\pm0.01$ over the range $0.3, Comment: high-resolution versions of figures can be downloaded from http://deswl.github.io

33. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cross-Correlation Redshifts in the DES -- Calibration of the Weak Lensing Source Redshift Distributions

Author: Davis, C., Gatti, M., Vielzeuf, P., Cawthon, R., Rozo, E., Alarcon, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bonnett, C., Carnero Rosell, A., Castander, F. J., Chang, C., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J., Derose, J., Drlica-Wagner, A., Elvin-Poole, J., Enrique Gaztanaga, Gruen, D., Gschwend, J., Hartley, W. G., Hoyle, B., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Rau, M. M., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Troxel, M. A., Wechsler, R. H., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Plazas, A. A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Zuntz, J.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the calibration of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 (DES Y1) weak lensing source galaxy redshift distributions from clustering measurements. By cross-correlating the positions of source galaxies with luminous red galaxies selected by the redMaGiC algorithm we measure the redshift distributions of the source galaxies as placed into different tomographic bins. These measurements constrain any such shifts to an accuracy of $\sim0.02$ and can be computed even when the clustering measurements do not span the full redshift range. The highest-redshift source bin is not constrained by the clustering measurements because of the minimal redshift overlap with the redMaGiC galaxies. We compare our constraints with those obtained from $\texttt{COSMOS}$ 30-band photometry and find that our two very different methods produce consistent constraints., 13 pages, 7 figures. Submitting to MNRAS. Feedback welcome!

34. DeepZipper II: Searching for Lensed Supernovae in Dark Energy Survey Data with Deep Learning

Author: R. Morgan, B. Nord, K. Bechtol, A. Möller, W. G. Hartley, S. Birrer, S. J. González, M. Martinez, R. A. Gruendl, E. J. Buckley-Geer, A. J. Shajib, A. Carnero Rosell, C. Lidman, T. Collett, T. M. C. Abbott, M. Aguena, F. Andrade-Oliveira, J. Annis, D. Bacon, S. Bocquet, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, C. Conselice, L. N. da Costa, M. Costanzi, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, P. Doel, S. Everett, I. Ferrero, B. Flaugher, D. Friedel, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, E. Gaztanaga, D. Gruen, G. Gutierrez, S. R. Hinton, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, M. Lima, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, A. Palmese, F. Paz-Chinchón, M. E. S. Pereira, A. Pieres, A. A. Plazas Malagón, J. Prat, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, T. N. Varga, Morgan, R [0000-0002-7016-5471], Nord, B [0000-0001-6706-8972], Bechtol, K [0000-0001-8156-0429], Möller, A [0000-0001-8211-8608], Birrer, S [0000-0003-3195-5507], González, SJ [0000-0001-7282-3864], Martinez, M [0000-0002-8397-8412], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Buckley-Geer, EJ [0000-0002-3304-0733], Shajib, AJ [0000-0002-5558-888X], Rosell, A Carnero [0000-0003-3044-5150], Lidman, C [0000-0003-1731-0497], Collett, T [0000-0001-5564-3140], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Bacon, D [0000-0002-2562-8537], Bocquet, S [0000-0002-4900-805X], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Kind, M Carrasco [0000-0002-4802-3194], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Castander, FJ [0000-0001-7316-4573], Conselice, C [0000-0003-1949-7638], Costanzi, M [0000-0001-8158-1449], De Vicente, J [0000-0001-8318-6813], Desai, S [0000-0002-0466-3288], Flaugher, B [0000-0002-2367-5049], Frieman, J [0000-0003-4079-3263], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Gaztanaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Gutierrez, G [0000-0003-0825-0517], Hinton, SR [0000-0003-2071-9349], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Honscheid, K [0000-0002-6550-2023], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Kuropatkin, N [0000-0003-2511-0946], Lahav, O [0000-0002-1134-9035], Menanteau, F [0000-0002-1372-2534], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Palmese, A [0000-0002-6011-0530], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Pieres, A [0000-0001-9186-6042], Malagón, AA Plazas [0000-0002-2598-0514], Romer, AK [0000-0002-9328-879X], Roodman, A [0000-0001-5326-3486], Sanchez, E [0000-0002-9646-8198], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [0000-0002-1831-1953], Smith, M [0000-0002-3321-1432], Suchyta, E [0000-0002-7047-9358], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Supernovae, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Strong gravitational lensing, Behavioral and Social Science, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, Gravitationally lensed supernovae (LSNe) are important probes of cosmic expansion, but they remain rare and difficult to find. Current cosmic surveys likely contain 5-10 LSNe in total while next-generation experiments are expected to contain several hundred to a few thousand of these systems. We search for these systems in observed Dark Energy Survey (DES) five year SN fields—10 3 sq. deg. regions of sky imaged in the griz bands approximately every six nights over five years. To perform the search, we utilize the DeepZipper approach: a multi-branch deep learning architecture trained on image-level simulations of LSNe that simultaneously learns spatial and temporal relationships from time series of images. We find that our method obtains an LSN recall of 61.13% and a false-positive rate of 0.02% on the DES SN field data. DeepZipper selected 2245 candidates from a magnitude-limited (m i < 22.5) catalog of 3,459,186 systems. We employ human visual inspection to review systems selected by the network and find three candidate LSNe in the DES SN fields, The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union.
Published: 2022

35. CMB-S4

Author: Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMB-S4, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and G, Cosmic Frontier, Abazajian, K, Addison, G, Adshead, P, Ahmed, Z, Akerib, D, Ali, A, Allen, S, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Amin, M, Anderson, A, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Baccigalupi, C, Bard, D, Barkats, D, Barron, D, Barry, P, Bartlett, J, Basu Thakur, R, Battaglia, N, Bean, R, Bebek, C, Bender, A, Benson, B, Bianchini, F, Bischoff, C, Bleem, L, Bock, J, Bocquet, S, Boddy, K, Richard Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Brinckmann, T, Brown, M, Bryan, S, Buza, V, Byrum, K, Hervias Caimapo, C, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Caldwell, R, Carlstrom, J, Carron, J, Cecil, T, Challinor, A, Chang, C, Chinone, Y, Sherry Cho, H, Cooray, A, Coulton, W, Crawford, T, Crites, A, Cukierman, A, Cyr-Racine, F, De Haan, T, Delabrouille, J, Devlin, M, Di Valentino, E, Dierickx, M, Dobbs, M, Duff, S, Dvorkin, C, Eimer, J, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Essinger-Hileman, T, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Ferraro, S, Filippini, J, Flauger, R, Flaugher, B, Fraisse, A, Frolov, A, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Green, D, Grin, D, Grohs, E, Gualtieri, R, Gudmundsson, J, Gullett, I, Gupta, N, Habib, S, Halpern, M, Halverson, N, Hanany, S, Harrington, K, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hazumi, M, Heitmann, K, Henderson, S, Hensley, B, Hill, C, Colin Hill, J, Hlozek, R, Patty Ho, S, Hoang, T, Holder, G, Holzapfel, W, Hood, J, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hui, H, Irwin, K, Jeong, O, Johnson, B, Jones, W, Hwan Kang, J, Karkare, K, Katayama, N, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knox, L, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Kovac, J, Kovetz, E, Kuhlmann, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lahteenmaki, A, Lawrence, C, Lee, A, Lewis, A, Li, D, Linder, E, Loverde, M, Lowitz, A, Lubin, P, Madhavacheril, M, Mantz, A, Marques, G, Matsuda, F, Mauskopf, P, Mccarrick, H, Mcmahon, J, Daniel Meerburg, P, Melin, J, Menanteau, F, Meyers, J, Millea, M, Mohr, J, Moncelsi, L, Monzani, M, Mroczkowski, T, Mukherjee, S, Nagy, J, Namikawa, T, Nati, F, Natoli, T, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Nord, B, Novosad, V, O'Brient, R, Padin, S, Palladino, S, Partridge, B, Petravick, D, Pierpaoli, E, Pogosian, L, Prabhu, K, Pryke, C, Puglisi, G, Racine, B, Rahlin, A, Sathyanarayana Rao, M, Raveri, M, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rocha, G, Roe, N, Roy, A, Ruhl, J, Salatino, M, Saliwanchik, B, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Schmittfull, M, Scott, D, Sehgal, N, Shandera, S, Sherwin, B, Shirokoff, E, Simon, S, Slosar, A, Spergel, D, S, T, Staggs, S, Stark, A, Starkman, G, Stompor, R, Stoughton, C, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Teply, G, Thompson, K, Thorne, B, Timbie, P, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucker, G, Umilta, C, Van Engelen, A, Vavagiakis, E, Vieira, J, Vieregg, A, Wagoner, K, Wallisch, B, Wang, G, Watson, S, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Wollack, E, Kimmy Wu, W, Xu, Z, Eric Yang, H, Yasini, S, Yefremenko, V, Won Yoon, K, Young, E, Yu, C, Zonca, A, University of California Irvine, Johns Hopkins University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Stanford University, University of Oxford, Rice University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, University of California San Diego, International School for Advanced Studies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Harvard University, University of New Mexico, Argonne National Laboratory, Université Paris-Diderot, California Institute of Technology, Cornell University, University of Melbourne, University of Cincinnati, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Toronto, UMR7095, Stony Brook University, University of Manchester, Arizona State University, Florida State University, Cardiff University, Dartmouth College, University of Geneva, University of Cambridge, The University of Tokyo, University of Groningen, University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania, McGill University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Sussex, Princeton University, Simon Fraser University, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Haverford College, Stockholm University, Case Western Reserve University, University of British Columbia, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Simons Foundation, Columbia University, University of Virginia, University of California Davis, Yale University, University of Pittsburgh, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Service d'Astrophysique CEA, European Southern Observatory, Washington University St. Louis, University of Milan - Bicocca, University of Southern California, Institute for Advanced Studies, Pennsylvania State University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Kyoto University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Milano, Université Paris-Saclay, Brown University, Syracuse University, University of California Los Angeles, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmology, CMB, Settore FIS/05, Space and Planetary Science, astro-ph.CO, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Galaxies and Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5��$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL., 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473
Published: 2022

36. Dark energy survey year 1 results: Cosmological constraints from cluster abundances and weak lensing

Author: Alex Drlica-Wagner, Dragan Huterer, J. Annis, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Daniel Scolnic, N. Kuropatkin, Tesla E. Jeltema, F. Paz-Chinchón, K. D. Eckert, T. N. Varga, Brian Nord, Adam Mantz, L. N. da Costa, M. Costanzi, M. A. G. Maia, Michel Aguena, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Brian Yanny, Shantanu Desai, A. Alarcon, M. W. G. Johnson, A. K. Romer, J. Carretero, Paul Martini, V. Scarpine, I. Ferrero, Matt J. Jarvis, Tamara M. Davis, Yanxi Zhang, Tim Eifler, Arya Farahi, David James, Z. Zhang, D. W. Gerdes, Joshua A. Frieman, D. Gruen, R. Cawthon, Antonella Palmese, Pablo Fosalba, Carlos Solans Sanchez, D. H. Brooks, A. R. Walker, B. Flaugher, Risa H. Wechsler, P. Rooney, Keith Bechtol, M. Sako, C. Lidman, A. von der Linden, Erin Sheldon, D. L. Hollowood, M. E. C. Swanson, Huan Lin, Sebastian Bocquet, Julian A. Mayers, Steve Kent, J. De Vicente, Martin Crocce, R. D. Wilkinson, D. L. Burke, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, M. Carrasco Kind, S. Everett, Robert C. Nichol, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, R. L. C. Ogando, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, Marcos Lima, Michael Troxel, Eduardo Rozo, Jack Elvin-Poole, Enrique Gaztanaga, Peter Doel, Peter Melchior, Ofer Lahav, M. Smith, H. T. Diehl, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, J. Allyn Smith, Paul Giles, David Bacon, Niall MacCrann, Ami Choi, Ben Hoyle, A. Roodman, Markus Rau, Tommaso Giannantonio, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, Hao-Yi Wu, Tenglin Li, Scott Dodelson, S. W. Allen, Santiago Avila, Chihway Chang, M. D. Johnson, Ramon Miquel, A. Bermeo, Elisabeth Krause, Sebastian Grandis, J. Mena-Fernández, Joe Zuntz, Jochen Weller, F. J. Castander, T. M. C. Abbott, Chun-Hao To, E. J. Sanchez, K. Honscheid, Eli S. Rykoff, Richard G. Kron, A. Carnero Rosell, Felipe Menanteau, S. Samuroff, Gregory Tarle, Santiago Serrano, J. DeRose, D. J. Brout, J. Prat, Samuel Hinton, G. Gutierrez, Xi Chen, A. A. Plazas, Sunayana Bhargava, Joseph J. Mohr, A. Saro, Jennifer L. Marshall, W. G. Hartley, M. Gatti, Juan Estrada, Michael Schubnell, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, European Research Council, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Alarcon, A., Allam, S., Allen, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Bechtol, K., Bermeo, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, X., Choi, A., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, T. M., De Vicente, J., Derose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eckert, K., Eifler, T. F., Elvin-Poole, J., Estrada, J., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Farahi, A., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Giles, P., Grandis, S., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., James, D. J., Jarvis, M., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lidman, C., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maccrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Mantz, A., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mayers, J., Melchior, P., Mena-Fernandez, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchon, F., Plazas, A. A., Prat, J., Rau, M. M., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rooney, P., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, C., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, J. A., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., To, C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., Von Der Linden, A., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., and Zuntz, J.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Software_OPERATINGSYSTEMS, ComputingMethodologies_SIMULATIONANDMODELING, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, 01 natural sciences, XMM-Newton Telescope, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Galaxy cluster, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, ComputerSystemsOrganization_PROCESSORARCHITECTURES, Galaxies, Cosmos, Redshift, Galaxy, Cosmology, Dark energy, symbols, Baryon acoustic oscillations, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: DES Collaboration: et al., We perform a joint analysis of the counts and weak lensing signal of redMaPPer clusters selected from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 dataset. Our analysis uses the same shear and source photometric redshifts estimates as were used in the DES combined probes analysis. Our analysis results in surprisingly low values for S8=σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5=0.65±0.04, driven by a low matter density parameter, Ωm=0.179+0.031−0.038, with σ8−Ωm posteriors in 2.4σ tension with the DES Y1 3x2pt results, and in 5.6σ with the Planck CMB analysis. These results include the impact of post-unblinding changes to the analysis, which did not improve the level of consistency with other data sets compared to the results obtained at the unblinding. The fact that multiple cosmological probes (supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic shear, galaxy clustering and CMB anisotropies), and other galaxy cluster analyses all favor significantly higher matter densities suggests the presence of systematic errors in the data or an incomplete modeling of the relevant physics. Cross checks with x-ray and microwave data, as well as independent constraints on the observable-mass relation from Sunyaev-Zeldovich selected clusters, suggest that the discrepancy resides in our modeling of the weak lensing signal rather than the cluster abundance. Repeating our analysis using a higher richness threshold (λ≥30) significantly reduces the tension with other probes, and points to one or more richness-dependent effects not captured by our model., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-1138766 and No. AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under Grants No. AYA2015-71825, No. ESP2015-66861, No. FPA2015-68048, No. SEV2016-0588, No. SEV-2016-0597, and No. MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. I. F. A. E. is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC Grant agreements No. 240672, No. 291329, and No. 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through Project No. CE110001020. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. M. C. and A. S. are supported by the ERC-StG “ClustersXCosmo” Grant agreement No. 716762. A. S. is supported by the FAREMIUR grant “ClustersXEuclid”. E. R. was supported by the DOE Grant No. DE-SC0015975, by the Sloan Foundation, Grant No. FG-2016-6443, and the Cottrell Scholar program of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. This research used simulations that were performed resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231.
Published: 2020

37. The Dark Energy Survey Data Release 1

Author: M. W. G. Johnson, M. Baumer, Tesla E. Jeltema, Eric H. Neilsen, Peter Nugent, Martin Crocce, S. Hamilton, M. Smith, Antonella Palmese, Nora Shipp, Eli S. Rykoff, F. Nogueira, L. Baruah, Daniel Gruen, Daniel Scolnic, Brian Nord, M. A. G. Maia, Brian Yanny, Matthias Klein, J. Song, R. R. Gupta, Yanxi Zhang, Arya Farahi, J. Carretero, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, Tamara M. Davis, Shantanu Desai, Gary S. Da Costa, Jochen Weller, T. F. Eifler, Daniel A. Goldstein, J. M. Hislop, Joseph J. Mohr, R. C. Thomas, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, A. Porredon, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Saro, D. W. Gerdes, Xi Chen, Attila Kovács, Eric Morganson, R. C. Wolf, J. P. Dietrich, A. Kremin, T. M. C. Abbott, Richard G. McMahon, Jeremy Mould, J. D. Maloney, Jacobo Asorey, A. Benoit-Lévy, Hiranya V. Peiris, Ofer Lahav, Vinu Vikram, J. Lasker, E. J. Sanchez, B. Flaugher, S. Juneau, Risa H. Wechsler, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Alistair R. Walker, A. A. Plazas, Ryan J. Foley, M. Carrasco Kind, W. C. Wester, Jennifer L. Marshall, D. L. Burke, Adam Amara, A. Scott, M.L. Sánchez, Jonathan Blazek, C. B. D'Andrea, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. C. Smith, S. E. Kuhlmann, Ashley J. Ross, Robert C. Nichol, Ben Hoyle, G. Daues, M. Gower, C. J. Miller, M. D. Johnson, Wayne A. Barkhouse, Samuel Hinton, Felipe Menanteau, Kevin Reil, L. Nunes, F. Paz-Chinchón, David J. James, Tenglin Li, Scott Dodelson, Santiago Avila, Ann Elliott, Chihway Chang, T. Kacprzak, G. Tarle, Knut Olsen, R. Das, Ramon Miquel, Lyndsay Old, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Carlos E. Cunha, J. Poh, Pablo Fosalba, Enrique Gaztanaga, G. Gutierrez, J. DeRose, J. J. Thaler, Enrique Fernández, Will J. Percival, S. Allam, Paul M. Ricker, A. Pujol, Robert A. Gruendl, V. Scarpine, Andrew B. Pace, R. P. Rollins, K. Honscheid, Timothy A. McKay, Darren L. DePoy, G. Khullar, R. T. Li, Joe Zuntz, Alex Drlica-Wagner, R. Nikutta, Francisco J. Castander, C. Pond, Douglas L. Tucker, Don Petravick, W. G. Hartley, A. K. Vivas, R. Cawthon, Riccardo Campisano, D. A. Finley, D. Brout, Karl Glazebrook, Dragan Huterer, Peter Melchior, Elisabeth Krause, Mark Sullivan, Kyler Kuehn, V. C. Busti, P. Rooney, C. J. Conselice, Huan Lin, Marc Manera, J. Annis, Sebastian Bocquet, A. M. G. Koziol, M. L. Silveira, M. Fitzpatrick, Andrew R. Liddle, Alfredo Zenteno, O. Ballester, Steve Kent, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Michael Troxel, A. K. Romer, Paul Martini, A. Fausti Neto, Keith Bechtol, C. Davis, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, Hao-Yi Wu, Peter Doel, H. T. Diehl, J. De Vicente, J. P. Marriner, M. S. S. Gill, E. Suchyta, Niall MacCrann, August E. Evrard, Alexandre Refregier, Douglas N. Friedel, Albert Stebbins, M. Banerji, Joshua A. Frieman, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. A. Smith, T. McClintock, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, Laia Cardiel-Sas, M. Sako, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, David L. Nidever, Marcos Lima, Richard G. Kron, P. Lopez-Reyes, Filipe B. Abdalla, Bhuvnesh Jain, Matthew R. Becker, Flavia Sobreira, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAO Data Lab, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Amara, A., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Ballester, O., Banerji, M., Barkhouse, W., Baruah, L., Baumer, M., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Busti, V., Campisano, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, X., Conselice, C., Costa, G., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Das, R., Daues, G., Davis, T. M., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Depoy, D. L., Derose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elliott, A. E., Evrard, A. E., Farahi, A., Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Friedel, D. N., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gill, M. S. S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gower, M., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hamilton, S., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hislop, J. M., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kacprzak, T., Kent, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Kovacs, A., Koziol, A. M. G., Krause, E., Kremin, A., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lasker, J., Li, T. S., Li, R. T., Liddle, A. R., Lima, M., Lin, H., López-Reyes, P., Maccrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Maloney, J. D., Manera, M., March, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mcclintock, T., Mckay, T., Mcmahon, R. G., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morganson, E., Mould, J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nogueira, F., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Nunes, L., Ogando, R. L. C., Old, L., Pace, A. B., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Peiris, H. V., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Poh, J., Pond, C., Porredon, A., Pujol, A., Refregier, A., Reil, K., Ricker, P. M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rooney, P., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Scolnic, D., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shipp, N., Silveira, M. L., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Smith, J. A., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Song, J., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vivas, A. K., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wester, W., Wolf, R. C., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Des, Collaboration, Juneau, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Nikutta, R., Nidever, D., Olsen, K., Scott, A., and NOAO Data, Lab
Subjects: Astronomical Objects, catalog, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, photometric [techniques], techniques: photometric, law, Observatory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, image processing [techniques], observations [cosmology], sky survey, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sextractor, Data release, observation [cosmology], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.SR, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Aperture, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, miscellaneou [astronomical databases], Telescope, surveys, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, survey, Astronomical And Space Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Organic Chemistry, representations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, miscellaneous [astronomical databases], angular masks, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Data set, catalogs, cosmology: observations, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single epoch images, coadded images, coadded source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first three years of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (August 2013 to February 2016) by the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4-m Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We release data from the DES wide-area survey covering ~5,000 sq. deg. of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 has a median delivered point-spread function of g = 1.12, r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.90 arcsec FWHM, a photometric precision of < 1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 mas. The median coadded catalog depth for a 1.95" diameter aperture at S/N = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 mag. DES DR1 includes nearly 400M distinct astronomical objects detected in ~10,000 coadd tiles of size 0.534 sq. deg. produced from ~39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ~310M and ~ 80M objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive coadd image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision., 30 pages, 20 Figures. Release page found at this url https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/dr1
Published: 2018

38. A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Author: Abbott, and Abbott, B. P., and Abbott, R., and Acernese, T. D., and Ackley, F., and Adams, K., and Adams, C., and Addesso, T., and Adhikari, P., and Adya, R. X., and Affeldt, V. B., and Afrough, C., and Agarwal, M., and Agathos, B., and Agatsuma, M., and Aggarwal, K., and Aguiar, N., and Aiello, O. D., and Ain, L., and Ajith, A., and Allen, P., and Allen, B., and Allocca, G., and Altin, A., and Amato, P. A., and Ananyeva, A., and Anderson, A., and Anderson, S. B., and Angelova, W. G., and Antier, S. V., and Appert, S., and Arai, S., and Araya, K., and Areeda, M. C., and Arnaud, J. S., and Arun, N., and Ascenzi, K. G., and Ashton, S., and Ast, G., and Aston, M., and Astone, S. M., and Atallah, P., and Aufmuth, D. V., and Aulbert, P., and AultO'Neal, C., and Austin, K., and Avila-Alvarez, C., and Babak, A., and Bacon, S., and Bader, P., and Bae, M. K. M., and Baker, S., and Baldaccini, P. T., and Ballardin, F., and Ballmer, G., and Banagiri, S. W., and Barayoga, S., and Barclay, J. C., and Barish, S. E., and Barker, B. C., and Barkett, D., and Barone, K., and Barr, F., and Barsotti, B., and Barsuglia, L., and Barta, M., and Bartlett, D., and Bartos, J., and Bassiri, I., and Basti, R., and Batch, N., and Bawaj, J. C., and Bayley, M., and Bazzan, J. C., and Becsy, M., and Beer, B., and Bejger, C., and Belahcene, M., and Bell, I., and Berger, A. S., and Bergmann, B. K., and Bero, G., and Berry, J. J., and Bersanetti, C. P. L., and Bertolini, D., and Betzwieser, A., and Bhagwat, J., and Bhandare, S., and Bilenko, R., and Billingsley, I. A., and Billman, G., and Birch, C. R., and Birney, J., and Birnholtz, R., and Biscans, O., and Biscoveanu, S., and Bisht, S., and Bitossi, A., and Biwer, M., and Bizouard, C., and Blackburn, A., and Blackman, J. K., and Blair, J., and Blair, C. D., and Blair, D. G., and Bloemen, R. M., and Bock, S., and Bode, O., and Boer, N., and Bogaert, M., and Bohe, G., and Bondu, A., and Bonilla, F., and Bonnand, E., and Boom, R., and Bork, B. A., and Boschi, R., and Bose, V., and Bossie, S., and Bouffanais, K., and Bozzi, Y., and Bradaschia, A., and Brady, C., and Branchesi, P. R., and Brau, M., and Briant, J. E., and Brillet, T., and Brinkmann, A., and Brisson, M., and Brockill, V., and Broida, R., and Brooks, J. E., and Brown, N. F., and Brown, D. A., and Brunett, D. D., and Buchanan, S., and Buikema, C. C., and Bulik, A., and Bulten, H., and Buonanno, H. J., and Buskulic, A., and Buy, D., and Byer, C., and Cabero, R. L., and Cadonati, M., and Cagnoli, L., and Cahillane, G., and Bustillo, C., Calderon and Callister, J., and Calloni, T. A., and Camp, E., and Canepa, J. B., and Canizares, M., and Cannon, P., and Cao, K. C., and Cao, H., and Capano, J., and Capocasa, C. D., and Carbognani, E., and Caride, F., and Carney, S., and Diaz, M. F., Casanueva and Casentini, J., and Caudill, C., and Cavaglia, S., and Cavalier, M., and Cavalieri, F., and Cella, R., and Cepeda, G., and Cerda-Duran, C. B., and Cerretani, P., and Cesarini, G., and Chamberlin, E., and Chan, S. J., and Chao, M., and Charlton, S., and Chase, P., and Chassande-Mottin, E., and Chatterjee, E., and Chatziioannou, D., and Cheeseboro, K., and Chen, B. D., and Chen, H. Y., and Chen, X., and Cheng, Y., and Chia, H. -. P., and Chincarini, H., and Chiummo, N., and Chmiel, A., and Cho, T., and Cho, H. S., and Chow, M., and Christensen, J. H., and Chu, N., and Chua, Q., and Chua, A. J. K., and Chung, S., and Chung, A. K. W., and Ciani, S., and Ciolfi, G., and Cirelli, R., and Cirone, C. E., and Clara, N., and Clark, F., and Clearwater, J. A., and Cleva, P., and Cocchieri, F., and Coccia, C., and Cohadon, E., and Cohen, P. -. F., and Colla, D., and Collette, A., and Cominsky, C. G., and Constancio, L. R., J. r., and Conti, M., and Cooper, L., and Corban, S. J., and Corbitt, P., and Cordero-Carrion, T. R., and Corley, I., and Cornish, K. R., and Corsi, N., and Cortese, A., and Costa, S., and Coughlin, C. A., and Coughlin, M. W., and Coulon, S. B., and Countryman, J. -. P., and Couvares, S. T., and Covas, P., and Cowan, P. B., and Coward, E. E., and Cowart, D. M., and Coyne, M. J., and Coyne, D. C., and Creighton, R., and Creighton, J. D. E., and Cripe, T. D., and Crowder, J., and Cullen, S. G., and Cumming, T. J., and Cunningham, A., and Cuoco, L., and Dal Canton, E., and Dalya, T., and Danilishin, G., and D'Antonio, S. L., and Danzmann, S., and Dasgupta, K., and Costa, A., Da Silva and Datrier, C. F., and Dattilo, L. E. H., and Dave, V., and Davier, I., and Davis, M., and Daw, E. J., and Day, E. J., and De, B., and DeBra, S., and Degallaix, D., and De laurentis, J., and Deleglise, M., and Del Pozzo, S., and Demos, W., and Denker, N., and Dent, T., and De Pietri, T., and Dergachev, R., and De Rosa, V., and DeRosa, R., and De Rossi, R. 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U., and Greiner, C., and Irwin, J., and Lyman, M., and Mandel, J., and McMahon, I., and Milvang-Jensen, R., and O'Brien, B., and Osborne, P., and Perley, J. P., and Pian, D. A., and Palazzi, E., and Rol, E., and Rosetti, E., and Rosswog, S., and Rowlinson, S., and Schulze, A., and Steeghs, S., and Thone, D. T. H., and Ulaczyk, C. C., and Watson, K., and Wiersema, D., and Lipunov, K., and Gorbovskoy, V. M., and Kornilov, E., and Tyurina, V. G., and Balanutsa, N., and Vlasenko, P., and Gorbunov, D., and Podesta, I., and Levato, R., and Saffe, H., and Buckley, C., and Budnev, D. A. H., and Gress, N. M., and Yurkov, O., and Rebolo, V., and Serra-Ricart, R., and LIGO Sci Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration and 1M2H Collaboration and Dark Energy Camera GW-EM and DES Collaboration and DLT40 Collaboration and Las Cumbres Observ Collaboration and VINROUGE Collaboration and MASTER Collaboration, M., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - 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P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. 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R., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Dálya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., Debra, D., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, Rosario., Derosa, R. T., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Varona, O., Devenson, J., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. 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S., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fries, E. M., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gomes, S., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gonzalez Castro, J. M., Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hoak, D., Hofman, D., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Y. M., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, N., Inta, R., Intini, G., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. 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J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcneill, L., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, B. B., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moffa, D., Moggi, A., Mogushi, K., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Napier, K., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Nevin, L., Newport, J. M., Newton, G., Ng, K. K. Y., Nguyen, T. T., Nichols, D., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Noack, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O'Dea, G. D., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Page, J., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Howard, Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, B., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perez, C. J., Perreca, A., Perri, L. M., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Poe, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Pratt, J. W. W., Pratten, G., Predoi, V., Prestegard, T., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L. G., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ren, W., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Ricker, P. M., Rieger, S., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Sakellariadou, M., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L. M., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwalbe, S. G., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T. J., Shah, A. A., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Shao, L., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, B., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Sonnenberg, J. A., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Spencer, A. P., Srivastava, A. K., Staats, K., Staley, A., Steer, D., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Taracchini, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, R., Tewari, S. V., Theeg, T., Thies, F., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trinastic, J., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weßels, P., Westerweck, J., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J., Wong, K. W. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yvert, M., Zadrozny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, S. J., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Foley, R. J., Coulter, D. A., Drout, M. R., Kasen, D., Kilpatrick, C. D., Madore, B. F., Murguia-Berthier, A., Pan, Y. -C., Piro, A. L., Prochaska, J. X., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Rest, A., Rojas-Bravo, C., Shappee, B. J., Siebert, M. R., Simon, J. D., Ulloa, N., Annis, J., Soares-Santos, M., Brout, D., Scolnic, D., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Berger, E., Alexander, K. D., Allam, S., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Butler, R. E., Chornock, R., Cook, E. R., Cowperthwaite, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Finley, D. A., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., García-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hartley, W., Herner, K., Huterer, D., Kessler, R., Li, T. S., Lin, H., Lopes, P. A. A., Lourenço, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muñoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Nugent, P., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Quataert, E., Sako, M., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Smith, N., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Vivas, A. K., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Estrada, J., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Zhang, Y., Haislip, J. B., Kouprianov, V. V., Reichart, D. E., Tartaglia, L., Sand, D. J., Valenti, S., Yang, S., Arcavi, Iair, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, Mccully, Curti, Poznanski, Dovi, Vasylyev, Sergiy, Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., Hjorth, J., Cano, Z., Copperwheat, C., De Ugarte-Postigo, A., Evans, P. A., Fynbo, J. P. U., González-Fernández, C., Greiner, J., Irwin, M., Lyman, J., Mandel, I., Mcmahon, R., Milvang-Jensen, B., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Perley, D. A., Pian, E., Palazzi, E., Rol, E., Rosetti, S., Rosswog, S., Rowlinson, A., Schulze, S., Steeghs, D. T. H., Thöne, C. C., Ulaczyk, K., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Lipunov, V. M., Gorbovskoy, E., Kornilov, V. G., Tyurina, N., Balanutsa, P., Vlasenko, D., Gorbunov, I., Podesta, R., Levato, H., Saffe, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O., Yurkov, V., Rebolo, R., Serra-Ricart, M., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, The 1M2H Collaboration, The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration, The DES Collaboration, The DLT40 Collaboration, The Las Cumbres Observatory Collaboration, The VINROUGE Collaboration, The MASTER Collaboration, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and (Astro)-Particles Physics
Subjects: Gamma-Ray Bursts, cosmological model, neutron star: binary, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Density, Field, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, gravitational radiation: direct detection, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LIGO, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Gravitational Waves, Gravitational Waves, Hubble Constant, LIGO, Virgo, Multidisciplinary, Hubble constant, Virgo, Hubble Constant, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Galaxies, wave: electromagnetic, Telescope Key Project, VIRGO, gravitational radiation: emission, astro-ph.CO, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves heralds the age of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. On 17 August 2017 the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW170817, a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than 2 seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within $\sim 10$ arcsec of the galaxy NGC 4993. These multi-messenger observations allow us to use GW170817 as a standard siren, the gravitational-wave analog of an astronomical standard candle, to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity, which represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Our measurement combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using electromagnetic data. This approach does not require any form of cosmic "distance ladder;" the gravitational wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be $70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ (maximum a posteriori and 68% credible interval). This is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard-siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will provide precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, Nature in press. For more information see https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1700296/public
Published: 2017

39. LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF THE GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE TRANSIENT GW 150914

Author: Abbott1, B. P., Abbott1, R., Abbott2, T. D., Abernathy1, M. R., Acernese3, F., 4, Ackley5, K., Adams6, C., Adams7, T., Addesso3, P., Adhikari1, R. X., Adya8, V. B., Affeldt8, C., Agathos9, M., Agatsuma9, K., Aggarwal10, N., Aguiar11, O. D., Aiello12, L., Ain14, A., Ajith15, P., Allen8, B., 17, 16, Allocca18, A., Altin20, P. A., Anderson1, S. B., Anderson16, W. G., Arai1, K., Araya1, M. C., Arceneaux21, C. C., Areeda22, J. S., Arnaud23, N., Arun24, K. G., Ascenzi13, S., Ashton26, G., Ast27, M., Aston6, S. M., Astone28, P., Aufmuth8, P., Aulbert8, C., Babak29, S., Bacon30, P., Bader9, M. K. M., Baker31, P. T., Baldaccini32, F., Ballardin34, G., Ballmer35, S. W., Barayoga1, J. C., Barclay36, S. E., Barish1, B. C., Barker37, D., Barone3, F., Barr36, B., Barsotti10, L., Barsuglia30, M., Barta38, D., Barthelmy39, S., Bartlett37, J., Bartos40, I., Bassiri41, R., Basti18, A., Batch37, J. C., Baune8, C., Bavigadda34, V., Bazzan42, M., Behnke29, B., Bejger44, M., Bell36, A. S., Bell36, C. J., Berger1, B. K., Bergman37, J., Bergmann8, G., Berry45, C. P. L., Bersanetti46, D., Bertolini9, A., Betzwieser6, J., Bhagwat35, S., Bhandare48, R., Bilenko49, I. A., Billingsley1, G., Birch6, J., Birney50, R., Biscans10, S., Bisht8, A., Bitossi34, M., Biwer35, C., Bizouard23, M. A., Blackburn1, J. K., Blair51, C. D., Blair51, D. G., Blair37, R. M., Bloemen52, S., Bock8, O., Bodiya10, T. P., Boer53, M., Bogaert53, G., Bogan8, C., Bohe29, A., Bojtos54, P., Bond45, C., Bondu55, F., Bonnand7, R., Boom9, B. A., Bork1, R., Boschi18, V., Bose14, S., Bouffanais30, Y., Bozzi34, A., Bradaschia19, C., Brady16, P. R., Braginsky49, V. B., Branchesi57, M., Brau59, J. E., Briant60, T., Brillet53, A., Brinkmann8, M., Brisson23, V., Brockill16, P., Brooks1, A. F., Brown35, D. A., Brown45, D. D., Brown10, N. M., Buchanan2, C. C., Buikema10, A., Bulik61, T., Bulten9, H. J., Buonanno29, A., Buskulic7, D., Buy30, C., Byer41, R. L., Cadonati64, L., Cagnoli65, G., Cahillane1, C., Bustillo64, J. C., Callister1, T., Calloni4, E., Camp39, J. B., Cannon69, K. C., Cao70, J., Capano8, C. D., Capocasa30, E., Carbognani34, F., Caride71, S., Diaz23, J. C., Casentini13, C., Caudill16, S., Cavagliá21, M., Cavalier23, F., Cavalieri34, R., Cella19, G., Cepeda1, C. B., Baiardi57, L. C., Cerretani18, G., Cesarini13, E., Chakraborty1, R., Chalermsongsak1, T., Chamberlin72, S. J., Chan36, M., Chao73, S., Charlton74, P., Chassande Mottin30, E., Chen75, H. Y., Chen76, Y., Cheng73, C., Chincarini47, A., Chiummo34, A., Cho77, H. S., Cho63, M., Chow20, J. H., Christensen78, N., Chu51, Q., Chua60, S., Chung51, S., Ciani5, G., Clara37, F., Clark64, J. A., Cleva53, F., Coccia12, E., 25, 13, Cohadon60, P. F., Colla28, A., Collette80, C. G., Cominsky81, L., M. Constancio J. r., 11, Conte28, A., Conti43, L., Cook37, D., Corbitt2, T. R., Cornish31, N., Corsi71, A., Cortese34, S., Costa11, C. A., Coughlin78, M. W., Coughlin82, S. B., Coulon53, J. P., Countryman40, S. T., Couvares1, P., Cowan64, E. E., Coward51, D. M., Cowart6, M. J., Coyne1, D. C., Coyne71, R., Craig36, K., Creighton16, J. D. E., Cripe2, J., Crowder83, S. G., Cumming36, A., Cunningham36, L., Cuoco34, E., Dal Canton8, T., Danilishin36, S. L., D'Antonio13, S., Danzmann8, K., Darman84, N. S., Dattilo34, V., Dave48, I., Daveloza85, H. P., Davier23, M., Davies36, G. S., Daw86, E. J., Day34, R., Debra41, D., Debreczeni38, G., Degallaix66, J., De Laurentis4, M., Deléglise60, S., Del Pozzo45, W., Denker8, T., Dent8, T., Dereli53, H., Dergachev1, V., Derosa6, R. T., De Rosa4, R., Desalvo87, R., Dhurandhar14, S., Díaz85, M. C., Di Fiore4, L., Di Giovanni28, M., Di Lieto18, A., Di Pace28, S., Di Palma8, I., Di Virgilio19, A., Dojcinoski88, G., Dolique66, V., Donovan10, F., Dooley21, K. L., Doravari6, S., 8, Douglas36, R., Downes16, T. P., Drago8, M., 90, 89, Drever1, R. W. P., Driggers37, J. C., Du70, Z., Ducrot7, M., Dwyer37, S. E., Edo86, T. B., Edwards78, M. C., Effler6, A., Eggenstein8, H. B., Ehrens1, P., Eichholz5, J., Eikenberry5, S. S., Engels76, W., Essick10, R. C., Etzel1, T., Evans10, M., Evans6, T. M., Everett72, R., Factourovich40, M., Fafone12, V., Fair35, H., Fairhurst91, S., Fan70, X., Fang51, Q., Farinon47, S., Farr75, B., Farr45, W. M., Favata88, M., Fays91, M., Fehrmann8, H., Fejer41, M. M., Ferrante18, I., Ferreira11, E. C., Ferrini34, F., Fidecaro18, F., Fiori34, I., Fiorucci30, D., Fisher35, R. P., Flaminio66, R., Fletcher36, M., Fournier53, J. D., Franco23, S., Frasca28, S., Frasconi19, F., Frei54, Z., Freise45, A., Frey59, R., Frey23, V., Fricke8, T. T., Fritschel10, P., Frolov6, V. V., Fulda5, P., Fyffe6, M., Gabbard21, H. A. G., Gair93, J. R., Gammaitoni32, L., Gaonkar14, S. G., Garufi4, F., Gatto30, A., Gaur94, G., Gehrels39, N., Gemme47, G., Gendre53, B., Genin34, E., Gennai19, A., George48, J., Gergely96, L., Germain7, V., Ghosh15, A., Ghosh9, S., Giaime2, J. A., 6, Giardina6, K. 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A., 288, Capaccioli289, M., D'Avanzo284, P., D'Elia282, V., Getman285, F., Giuffrida282, G., Iannicola282, G., Limatola285, L., Lisi282, M., Marinoni282, S., Marrese282, P., 283, Melandri284, A., Piranomonte282, S., Possenti290, A., Pulone282, L., Rossi286, A., Stamerra287, A., 291, Stella282, L., Testa282, V., Tomasella283, L., Yang283 (The GRAvitational Wave Inaf TeAm, S., Bazzano292, A., Bozzo293, E., Brandt294, S., Courvoisier293, T. J. L., Ferrigno293, C., Hanlon295, L., Kuulkers296, E., Laurent297, P., Mereghetti298, S., Roques299, J. P., Savchenko300, V., Ubertini292, P., Kasliwal301, M. M., Singer39, L. P., Cao301, Y., Duggan301, G., Kulkarni301, S. R., Bhalerao14, V., Miller184, A. A., 301, 379, Barlow301, T., Bellm301, E., Manulis302, I., Rana14, J., Laher303, R., Masci303, F., Surace303, J., Rebbapragada184, U., Cook301, D., Van Sistine16, A., Sesar304, B., Perley305, D., Ferreti306, R., Prince301, T., Kendrick307, R., Horesh302 (The Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory, A., Hurley308, K., Golenetskii309, S. V., Aptekar309, R. L., Frederiks309, D. D., Svinkin309, D. S., Rau220, A., Zhang220, X., Smith230, D. M., Cline39, T., 380, Krimm245, H., 310, Abe311, F., Doi312, M., Fujisawa313, K., Kawabata314, K. S., Morokuma312, T., Motohara312, K., Tanaka315, M., Ohta316, K., Yanagisawa317, K., Yoshida314, M., Baltay318, C., Rabinowitz318, D., Ellman318, N., Rostami318, S., Bersier319, D. F., Bode319, M. F., Collins319, C. A., Copperwheat319, C. M., Darnley319, M. J., Galloway320, D. K., 321, Gomboc322, A., 323, Kobayashi319, S., Mazzali319, P., Mundell324, C. G., Piascik319, A. S., Don, Pollacco325, Steele319, I. A., Ulaczyk325, K., Broderick326, J. 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D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, Enrico, Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavagliá, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio, M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., Debra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., DE LAURENTIS, Martina, Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., Derosa, R. T., DE ROSA, Rosario, Desalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fournier, J. D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, Fabio, Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hofman, D., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. M., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kéfélian, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, Y. M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Królak, A., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macdonald, T., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mccormick, S., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Mezzani, F., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, Leopoldo, Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mirshekari, S., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, B. C., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, A., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D. J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nedkova, K., Nelemans, G., Neri, M., Neunzert, A., Newton, G., Nguyen, T. T., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E. N., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., Ochsner, E., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, R. J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palliyaguru, N., Palomba, C., Pal Singh, A., Pan, H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Patrick, Z., Pearlstone, B. 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H., Rosińska, D., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifirò, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander Hyde, D. C., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., Zadrożny, A., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., Zweizig, J., Allison, J., Bannister, K., Bell, M. E., Chatterjee, S., Chippendale, A. P., Edwards, P. G., Harvey Smith, L., Heywood, Ian, Hotan, A., Indermuehle, B., Marvil, J., Mcconnell, D., Murphy, T., Popping, A., Reynolds, J., Sault, R. J., Voronkov, M. A., Whiting, M. T., Castro Tirado, A. J., Cunniffe, R., Jelínek, M., Tello, J. C., Oates, S. R., Hu, Y. D., Kubánek, P., Guziy, S., Castellón, A., García Cerezo, A., Muñoz, V. F., Pérez Del Pulgar, C., Castillo Carrión, S., Castro Cerón, J. M., Hudec, R., Caballero García, M. D., Páta, P., Vitek, S., Adame, J. A., Konig, S., Rendón, F., Mateo Sanguino, T. De J., Fernández Muñoz, R., Yock, P. C., Rattenbury, N., Allen, W. H., Querel, R., Jeong, S., Park, I. H., Bai, J., Cui, C. h., Fan, Y., Wang, C. h., Hiriart, D., Lee, W. H., Claret, A., Sánchez Ramírez, R., Pandey, S. B., Mediavilla, T., Sabau Graziati, L., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Armstrong, R., Benoit Lévy, A., Berger, E., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brout, D., Buckley Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doctor, Z., Drlica Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fong, W. F., Fosalba, P., Fox, D. B., Frieman, J., Fryer, C. L., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Herner, K., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. D., Johnson, M. W. G., Karliner, I., Kasen, D., Kent, S., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., Kind, M. C., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Martini, P., Matheson, T., Melchior, P., Metzger, B. D., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Ogando, R., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Quataert, E., Roe, N., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. C., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Sevilla Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, N., Smith, R. C., Soares Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Wester, W., Yanny, B., Zuntz, J., Connaughton, V., Burns, E., Goldstein, A., Briggs, M. S., Zhang, B. B., Hui, C. M., Jenke, P., Wilson Hodge, C. A., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Cleveland, W., Fitzpatrick, G., Giles, M. M., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., Von Kienlin, A., Kippen, R. M., Mcbreen, S., Mailyan, B., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Roberts, O., Sparke, L., Stanbro, M., Toelge, K., Veres, P., Yu, H. F., Blackburn, L., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Costanza, F., Cuoco, A., D'Ammando, F., De Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Gomez Vargas, G. A., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kensei, S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., La Mura, G., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marelli, M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Salvetti, D., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Venters, T. M., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zhu, S., Zimmer, S., Brocato, E., Cappellaro, E., Covino, S., Grado, A., Nicastro, L., Palazzi, E., Pian, E., Amati, L., Antonelli, L. A., Capaccioli, M., D'Avanzo, P., D'Elia, V., Getman, F., Giuffrida, G., Iannicola, G., Limatola, L., Lisi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P., Melandri, A., Piranomonte, S., Possenti, A., Pulone, L., Rossi, A., Stamerra, A., Stella, L., Testa, V., Tomasella, L., Yang, S., Bazzano, A., Bozzo, E., Brandt, S., Courvoisier, T. J. L., Ferrigno, C., Hanlon, L., Kuulkers, E., Laurent, P., Mereghetti, S., Roques, J. P., Savchenko, V., Ubertini, P., Kasliwal, M. M., Singer, L. P., Cao, Y., Duggan, G., Kulkarni, S. R., Bhalerao, V., Miller, A. A., Barlow, T., Bellm, E., Manulis, I., Rana, J., Laher, R., Masci, F., Surace, J., Rebbapragada, U., Sistine, A. Van, Sesar, B., Perley, D., Ferreti, R., Prince, T., Kendrick, R., Horesh, A., Hurley, K., Golenetskii, S. V., Aptekar, R. L., Frederiks, D. D., Svinkin, D. S., Rau, A., Zhang, X., Smith, D. M., Cline, T., Krimm, H., Abe, F., Doi, M., Fujisawa, K., Kawabata, K. S., Morokuma, T., Motohara, K., Tanaka, M., Ohta, K., Yanagisawa, K., Yoshida, M., Baltay, C., Rabinowitz, D., Ellman, N., Rostami, S., Bersier, D. F., Bode, M. F., Collins, C. A., Copperwheat, C. M., Darnley, M. J., Galloway, Duncan K., Gomboc, A., Kobayashi, S., Mazzali, P., Mundell, C. G., Piascik, A. S., Pollacco, Don, Steele, I. A., Ulaczyk, K., Broderick, J. W., Fender, R. P., Jonker, P. G., Rowlinson, A., Stappers, B. W., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Lipunov, V., Gorbovskoy, E., Tyurina, N., Kornilov, V., Balanutsa, P., Kuznetsov, A., Buckley, D., Rebolo, R., Serra Ricart, M., Israelian, G., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O., Ivanov, K., Poleshuk, V., Tlatov, A., Yurkov, V., Kawai, N., Serino, M., Negoro, H., Nakahira, S., Mihara, T., Tomida, H., Ueno, S., Tsunemi, H., Matsuoka, M., Croft, S., Feng, L., Franzen, T. M. O., Gaensler, B. M., Johnston Hollitt, M., Kaplan, D. L., Morales, M. F., Tingay, S. J., Wayth, R. B., Williams, A., Smartt, S. J., Chambers, K. C., Smith, K. W., Huber, M. E., Young, D. R., Wright, D. E., Schultz, A., Denneau, L., Flewelling, H., Magnier, E. A., Primak, N., Rest, A., Sherstyuk, A., Stalder, B., Stubbs, C. W., Tonry, J., Waters, C., Willman, M., Olivares, E. F., Campbell, H., Kotak, R., Sollerman, J., Smith, M., Dennefeld, M., Anderson, J. P., Botticella, M. T., Chen, T. W., Valle, M. D., Elias Rosa, N., Fraser, M., Inserra, C., Kankare, E., Kupfer, T., Harmanen, J., Galbany, L., Guillou, L. Le, Lyman, J. D., Maguire, K., Mitra, A., Nicholl, M., Razza, A., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Gal Yam, A., Ćwiek, A., Ćwiok, M., Mankiewicz, L., Opiela, R., Zaremba, M., Żarnecki, A. F., Onken, C. A., Scalzo, R. A., Schmidt, B. P., Wolf, C., Yuan, F., Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Cenko, S. B., Marshall, F. E., Nousek, J., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Palmer, D., Perri, M., Siegel, M., Tagliaferri, G., Klotz, A., Turpin, D., Laugier, R., Beroiz, M., Peñuela, T., Macri, L. M., Oelkers, R. J., Lambas, D. G., Vrech, R., Cabral, J., Colazo, C., Dominguez, M., Sanchez, B., Gurovich, S., Lares, M., Marshall, J. L., Depoy, D. L., Padilla, N., Pereyra, N. A., Benacquista, M., Tanvir, N. R., Wiersema, K., Levan, A. J., Steeghs, D., Hjorth, J., Fynbo, J. P. U., Malesani, D., Milvang Jensen, B., Watson, D., Irwin, M., Fernandez, C. G., Mcmahon, R. G., Banerji, M., Gonzalez Solares, E., Schulze, S., De Ugarte Postigo, A., Thoene, C. 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F., M. Constancio J. r., Coulon, J. -. P., D’Antonio, S., Eggenstein, H. -. B., Fournier, J. -. D., A., Gatto, Haster, C. -. J., Huynh-Dinh, T., Isac, J. -. M., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Kim, Y. -. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Masso-Reid, M., Mendoza-Gandara, D., C., Michel, Mow-Lowry, C. M., O’Dell, J., O’Reilly, B., O’Shaughnessy, R., Pal-Singh, A., Quitzow-James, R., A., Singh, van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vinet, J. -. Y., M., Wade, Wei, L. -. W., Wessels, P., Zendri, J. -. P., the Virgo Collaboration, Harvey-Smith, L., Ian, Heywood, The Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Collaboration, Castro-Tirado, A. J., Hu, Y. -. D., García-Cerezo, A., Pérez del Pulgar, C., Castillo-Carrión, S., Caballero-García, M. D., Mateo Sanguino, T. de J., Fernández-Muñoz, R., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Sabau-Graziati, L., Benoit-Lévy, A., Buckley-Geer, E., D’Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Drlica-Wagner, A., Fong, W. -. F., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., The Dark Energy Survey, the Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaborations, Zhang, B. -. B., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., von Kienlin, A., Yu, H. -. F., Cohen-Tanugi, J., D’Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Pesce-Rollins, M., Saz Parkinson, P. M., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., Courvoisier, T. J. -. L., The INTEGRAL Collaboration, Van Sistine, A., The La Silla–QUEST Survey, Galloway, D. K., Don, Pollacco, Serra-Ricart, M., Johnston-Hollitt, M., F. Olivares E., Chen, T. -. W., Elias-Rosa, N., Le Guillou, L., Gal-Yam, A., O’Brien, P., The, Tarot, Zadko, Algerian National Observatory, C2pu, Collaboration, Milvang-Jensen, B., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Postigo, A. de U., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), CALTECH, Louisiana State Univ, Univ Salerno, Complesso Univ Monte S.Angelo, Univ Florida, LIGO Livingston Observ, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Nikhef, MIT, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Univ Wisconsin, Leibniz Univ Hannover, Univ Pisa, Australian Natl Univ, Univ Mississippi, Calif State Univ Fullerton, Univ Paris Saclay, Chennai Math Inst, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Univ Southampton, Univ Hamburg, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Montana State Univ, Univ Perugia, Eur Gravitat Observ EGO, Syracuse Univ, Univ Glasgow, LIGO Hanford Observ, RMKI, NASA, Columbia Univ, Stanford Univ, Univ Padua, CAMK PAN, Univ Birmingham, Univ Genoa, RRCAT, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Univ West Scotland, Univ Western Australia, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Univ Cote Azur, MTA Eotvos Univ, Univ Rennes 1, Washington State Univ, Univ Urbino Carlo Bo, Univ Oregon, ENS PSL Res 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Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Univ Cambridge, IISER Kolkata, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Whitman Coll, Natl Inst Math Sci, Hobart & William Smith Coll, Univ Zielona Gora, Andrews Univ, Univ Siena, Trinity Univ, Univ Washington, Kenyon Coll, Abilene Christian Univ, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys CAASTRO, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Rhodes Univ, Univ Sydney, CSIC, Univ Malaga, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Nikolaev Natl Univ, ISDEFE SMOS FOS ESA ESAC, Czech Tech Univ, Estn Sondeos Atmosfer ESAt El Arenosillo CEDEA IN, Univ Huelva, UMA CSIC, Univ Auckland, Vintage Lane Observ, Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci, Univ Cadiz, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial INTA, Natl Opt Astron Observ, UCL, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Princeton Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Carnegie Observ, Univ Penn, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Portsmouth, IEEC CSIC, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Ohio Univ, Lab Interinst eAstron LIneA, Excellence Cluster Universe, Univ Munich, Univ Illinois, Univ Arizona, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Univ Calif Berkeley, Ohio State Univ, Australian Astron Observ, Texas A&M Univ, NYU, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Univ Sussex, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Manchester, Univ Space Res Assoc, Jacobs Technol Inc, Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, NASA Headquarters, Tech Univ Munich, Deutsch Elektr Synchrotron DESY, Clemson Univ, Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, KTH Royal Inst Technol, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Univ Trieste, Univ Turin, Ecole Polytech, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale CIFS, Univ Bari, Politecn Bari, INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, George Mason Univ, US Navy, Univ Montpellier, INAF Ist Radioastron, Univ Bologna, Univ Telemat Pegaso, Univ Udine, Hiroshima Univ, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Naval Res Lab, Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Univ North Florida, Univ Iceland, Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Univ Denver, Univ Johannesburg, Univ Hong Kong, NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Purdue Univ Calumet, Nagoya Univ, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Dept Phys, INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologna, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, ASI Sci Data Ctr, INAF ORA Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, INAF Inst Space Astrophys & Planetol, Univ Geneva, DTU Space Natl Space Inst Elektrovej, Eur Space Astron Ctr ESA ESAC, IASF Milano, Univ Toulouse, Weizmann Inst Sci, Max Planck Inst Astron, Niels Bohr Inst, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Univ Tokyo, Yamaguchi Univ, Kyoto Univ, Yale Univ, Liverpool JMU, Univ Nova Gorica, Univ Ljubljana, Univ Bath, Univ Warwick, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, Univ Oxford, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Univ Amsterdam, South African Astron Observ, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Irkutsk State Univ, Main Pulkovo Observ RAS, Blagoveschensk State Pedag Univ, Tokyo Inst Technol, RIKEN, Nihon Univ, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Osaka Univ, Eureka Sci Inc, Curtin Univ, Victoria Univ Wellington, and Ist Nazl Astrofis
Subjects: Astronomy, ADVANCED LIGO, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, localization, GW150914, localization, EM follow-up, Observatory, Broadband, BURSTS, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, gravitational wave, QC, media_common, QB, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), gravitational waves, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], methods: observational, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmology and Gravitation, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], gravitational waves – methods: observational, media_common.quotation_subject, gr-qc, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, GW150914, FOS: Physical sciences, ENERGY CAMERA SEARCH, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), NEUTRON-STAR MERGERS, Gravitational waves, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Binary black hole, observational, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science [gravitational waves, methods], 0103 physical sciences, GW151226, observational [Methods], EM follow-up, STFC, RADIO, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, ST/I001123/1, RCUK, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], COUNTERPARTS, Astronomy and Astrophysic, LIGO, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, ST/L000709/1, EMISSION
Abstract: A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams., Comment: For Supplement, see https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07864
Published: 2016

40. Galaxy Populations in Massive Galaxy Clusters to z=1.1: Color Distribution, Concentration, Halo Occupation Number and Red Sequence Fraction

Author: Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, J. Carretero, A. Fausti-Neto, A. Benoit-Lévy, Ofer Lahav, Peter Doel, Joseph J. Mohr, J. P. Dietrich, A. Saro, Shantanu Desai, R. L. C. Ogando, A. Carnero, G. Tarle, H. T. Diehl, Eduardo Rozo, C. Hennig, G. Gutierrez, Ramon Miquel, A. Zenteno, Nikhel Gupta, Jennifer L. Marshall, Brian Nord, R. C. Smith, I-Non Chiu, Sebastian Bocquet, V. Strazzullo, Eric H. Neilsen, K. Honscheid, B. Stalder, T. M. C. Abbott, Daniel Thomas, Daniel Gruen, M. Carrasco Kind, Michael McDonald, Yanxi Zhang, Tim Eifler, Vinu Vikram, David J. Brooks, S. A. Stanford, E. J. Sanchez, R. Capasso, Michael Schubnell, M. E. C. Swanson, David J. James, R. A. Bernstein, C. B. D'Andrea, Pablo Fosalba, Christian L. Reichardt, L. N. daCosta, Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, Anthony H. Gonzalez, A. A. Plazas, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, E. Bertin, C. Gangkofner, F. B. Abdalla, Matthew B. Bayliss, Eli S. Rykoff, Diego Capozzi, A. K. Romer, Peter Melchior, Paul Martini, Flavia Sobreira, C. J. Miller, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, Kyler Kuehn, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, Joshua A. Frieman, Robert A. Gruendl, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Hennig, C., Mohr, J. J., Zenteno, A., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Bocquet, S., Strazzullo, V., Saro, A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Bayliss, M., Benoit-Levy, A., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Capasso, R., Capozzi, D., Carnero, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Chiu, I., D'Andrea, C. B., Dacosta, L. N., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Fausti-Neto, A., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gangkofner, C., Gonzalez, A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Hlavacek-Larrondo, J., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mcdonald, M., Melchior, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reichardt, C., Romer, A. K., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stalder, B., Stanford, S. A., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Zhang, Y., MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: galaxies: clusters: individual, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), formation [galaxies], [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Virial theorem, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, clusters: general [galaxies], galaxies: formation, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, evolution [galaxies], STFC, Galaxy cluster, luminosity function [galaxies], QB, Luminosity function (astronomy), Physics, education.field_of_study, clusters: individual [galaxies], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, RCUK, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, galaxies: luminosity function, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, mass function, galaxies: clusters: general, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Baryon acoustic oscillations, galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the galaxy populations in 74 Sunyaev Zeldovich Effect (SZE) selected clusters from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey that have been imaged in the science verification phase of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The sample extends up to $z\sim 1.1$ with $4 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}\le M_{200}\le 3\times 10^{15} M_{\odot}$. Using the band containing the 4000~\AA\ break and its redward neighbor, we study the color-magnitude distributions of cluster galaxies to $\sim m_*+2$, finding: (1) the intrinsic rest frame $g-r$ color width of the red sequence (RS) population is $\sim$0.03 out to $z\sim0.85$ with a preference for an increase to $\sim0.07$ at $z=1$ and (2) the prominence of the RS declines beyond $z\sim0.6$. The spatial distribution of cluster galaxies is well described by the NFW profile out to $4R_{200}$ with a concentration of $c_{\mathrm{g}} = 3.59^{+0.20}_{-0.18}$, $5.37^{+0.27}_{-0.24}$ and $1.38^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$ for the full, the RS and the blue non-RS populations, respectively, but with $\sim40$\% to 55\% cluster to cluster variation and no statistically significant redshift or mass trends. The number of galaxies within the virial region $N_{200}$ exhibits a mass trend indicating that the number of galaxies per unit total mass is lower in the most massive clusters, and shows no significant redshift trend. The red sequence (RS) fraction within $R_{200}$ is $(68\pm3)$\% at $z=0.46$, varies from $\sim$55\% at $z=1$ to $\sim$80\% at $z=0.1$, and exhibits intrinsic variation among clusters of $\sim14$\%. We discuss a model that suggests the observed redshift trend in RS fraction favors a transformation timescale for infalling field galaxies to become RS galaxies of 2 to 3~Gyr., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2016

41. Detection of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with DES Year 1 and SPT

Author: T. de Haan, Eli S. Rykoff, K. T. Story, Ramon Miquel, Ryan Keisler, Bradford Benson, Salman Habib, M. Carrasco Kind, Robert Armstrong, J. P. Dietrich, Nathan Whitehorn, I-Non Chiu, A. Carnero Rosell, Eduardo Rozo, Martin Crocce, Alistair R. Walker, John E. Carlstrom, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Michael McDonald, B. Soergel, N. Kuropatkin, Scott Dodelson, Kyler Kuehn, Jennifer L. Marshall, Carlos E. Cunha, L. N. da Costa, T. M. Crawford, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Shantanu Desai, W. L. Holzapfel, B. Flaugher, R. Chown, E. Suchyta, Peter Doel, A. Saro, August E. Evrard, Peter Melchior, Katrin Heitmann, F. B. Abdalla, Gregory Tarle, A. K. Romer, C. B. D'Andrea, H. T. Diehl, Juan Estrada, Samuel Flender, K. Honscheid, A. A. Plazas, Daniel Thomas, Gary Bernstein, Lindsey Bleem, Ofer Lahav, Antony A. Stark, David Rapetti, Erin Sheldon, M. E. C. Swanson, Robert Connon Smith, Jochen Weller, Enrique Gaztanaga, Joaquin Vieira, Michael Schubnell, David J. James, Daniel Gruen, Brian Nord, E. J. Sanchez, Christian L. Reichardt, Joshua A. Frieman, Pablo Fosalba, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, George Efstathiou, Y. Omori, Francisco J. Castander, Bhuvnesh Jain, Benjamin Saliwanchik, Gilbert Holder, A. Benoit-Lévy, C. J. Miller, Marcos Lima, J. Annis, Flavia Sobreira, Soergel, B., Flender, S., Story, K. T., Bleem, L., Giannantonio, T., Efstathiou, G., Rykoff, E., Benson, B. A., Crawford, T., Dodelson, S., Habib, S., Heitmann, K., Holder, G., Jain, B., Rozo, E., Saro, A., Weller, J., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Armstrong, R., Benoit-Ĺevy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., Chiu, I., Chown, R., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., de Haan, T., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Keisler, R., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Mcdonald, M., Melchior, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Omori, Y., Plazas, A. A., Rapetti, D., Reichardt, C. L., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stark, A., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Vieira, J. D., Walker, A. R., and Whitehorn, N.
Subjects: Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large-scale structure of Universe, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, clusters: general [galaxies], European union, Astronomy observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, media_common, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, European research, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, ST/L000636/1, Research council, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxies: clusters: general, Fundamental physics, astro-ph.CO, Christian ministry, large-scale structure of Universe, National laboratory, Data release, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We detect the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect with a statistical significance of $4.2 \sigma$ by combining a cluster catalogue derived from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with CMB temperature maps from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey. This measurement is performed with a differential statistic that isolates the pairwise kSZ signal, providing the first detection of the large-scale, pairwise motion of clusters using redshifts derived from photometric data. By fitting the pairwise kSZ signal to a theoretical template we measure the average central optical depth of the cluster sample, $\bar{\tau}_e = (3.75 \pm 0.89)\cdot 10^{-3}$. We compare the extracted signal to realistic simulations and find good agreement with respect to the signal-to-noise, the constraint on $\bar{\tau}_e$, and the corresponding gas fraction. High-precision measurements of the pairwise kSZ signal with future data will be able to place constraints on the baryonic physics of galaxy clusters, and could be used to probe gravity on scales $ \gtrsim 100$ Mpc., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures; matches version published in MNRAS
Published: 2016
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42. THE REDMAPPER GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG from des SCIENCE VERIFICATION DATA

Author: N. Kuropatkin, Daniel Gruen, M. Carrasco Kind, Brian Nord, Geraint F. Lewis, Flavia Sobreira, Robert C. Nichol, Eduardo Rozo, Michael Schubnell, Ramon Miquel, John P. Stott, G. Gutierrez, E. Bertin, Basilio X. Santiago, E. Suchyta, Risa H. Wechsler, M. Childress, A. K. Romer, D. A. Finley, Robert G. Mann, Syed Uddin, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, August E. Evrard, Shantanu Desai, A. Benoit-Lévy, Ben Hoyle, Gary Bernstein, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, Paul Martini, Matt Hilton, C. Vergara Cervantes, Marcos Lima, Douglas L. Tucker, Jennifer L. Marshall, Tamara M. Davis, Daniel A. Goldstein, A. Saro, Kyler Kuehn, J. P. Dietrich, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, F. B. Abdalla, J. Annis, Joseph J. Mohr, Gregory Tarle, Eli S. Rykoff, Peter Melchior, Ofer Lahav, Francisco J. Castander, Peter Doel, A. A. Plazas, H. T. Diehl, Yanming Zhang, A. Carnero Rosell, Julian A. Mayers, C. Lidman, A. Bermeo-Hernandez, David J. James, Carlos E. Cunha, Diego Capozzi, Alistair R. Walker, Pablo Fosalba, Marcelle Soares-Santos, K. Honscheid, Karl Glazebrook, V. Vikram, L. N. da Costa, H. Wilcox, Christopher J. Miller, Kevin Reil, Tesla E. Jeltema, Pedro T. P. Viana, R. C. Smith, T. M. C. Abbott, Daniel Thomas, V. Scarpine, Joshua A. Frieman, E. J. Sanchez, Devon L. Hollowood, P. Rooney, Martin Sahlén, Chris A. Collins, Scott T. Kay, D. L. Burke, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, B. Flaugher, C. B. D'Andrea, M. A. G. Maia, Rykoff, E. S., Rozo, E., Hollowood, D., Bermeo-Hernandez, A., Jeltema, T., Mayers, J., Romer, A. K., Rooney, P., Saro, A., Cervantes, C. Vergara, Wechsler, R. H., Wilcox, H., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Castander, F. J., Childress, M., Collins, C. A., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Costa, L. N. Da, Davis, T. M., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hilton, M., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Kay, S. T., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lewis, G. F., Lidman, C., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Mann, R. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Melchior, P., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Sahlén, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stott, J. P., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D., Uddin, S., Viana, P. T. P., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Zhang, Y.
Subjects: Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Star (game theory), media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Clusters, 0103 physical sciences, clusters: general [galaxies], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Deslocamento para o vermelho, galaxies: clusters: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, General, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Photometric redshift, media_common, QB, Aglomerados de galaxias, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Energia escura, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Fotometria astronômica, South Pole Telescope, Sky, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe updates to the \redmapper{} algorithm, a photometric red-sequence cluster finder specifically designed for large photometric surveys. The updated algorithm is applied to $150\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of Science Verification (SV) data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 photometric data set. The DES SV catalog is locally volume limited, and contains 786 clusters with richness $\lambda>20$ (roughly equivalent to $M_{\rm{500c}}\gtrsim10^{14}\,h_{70}^{-1}\,M_{\odot}$) and $0.2, Comment: 21 pages, accepted to ApJS (The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 224, Issue 1, article id. 1, pp. (2016))
Published: 2016

43. Constraints on the Richness-Mass Relation and the Optical-SZE Positional Offset Distribution for SZE-Selected Clusters

Author: Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Martin Crocce, A. Roodman, David J. Brooks, Robert Armstrong, A. A. Plazas, Joseph J. Mohr, Jochen Weller, Mark Brodwin, Diego Capozzi, W. L. Holzapfel, M. A. G. Maia, J. J. Thaler, E. Bertin, C. Gangkofner, A. Saro, David J. James, T. M. C. Abbott, Ofer Lahav, M. Carrasco Kind, E. Fernandez, R. Covarrubias, Robert Connon Smith, Darren L. DePoy, Alistair R. Walker, Pablo Fosalba, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. Capasso, V. Strazzullo, E. J. Sanchez, Michael McDonald, B. Stalder, Gary Bernstein, Risa H. Wechsler, V. Upadhyay, Enrique Gaztanaga, Vinu Vikram, Huan Lin, Lindsey Bleem, T. M. Crawford, John E. Carlstrom, Peter Melchior, Tianjun Li, Shantanu Desai, Sebastian Bocquet, Brian Nord, Bhuvnesh Jain, Peter Doel, J. P. Dietrich, A. von der Linden, Bradford Benson, Daniel Thomas, M. E. C. Swanson, I. Sevilla, E. Buckley-Geer, Michael Schubnell, F. B. Abdalla, Scott Dodelson, A. Benoit-Lévy, Carlos E. Cunha, T. de Haan, H. T. Diehl, Jennifer L. Marshall, Christian L. Reichardt, D. L. Burke, Tim Eifler, Antony A. Stark, A. H. Bauer, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Alfredo Zenteno, Flavia Sobreira, I-Non Chiu, C. Hennig, B. Flaugher, C. B. D'Andrea, M. March, Ramon Miquel, Eduardo Rozo, K. E. Ziegler, A. K. Romer, Paul Martini, W. C. Wester, A. Fausti Neto, K. Honscheid, Christopher J. Miller, Matthew B. Bayliss, Eli S. Rykoff, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, M. Banerji, Joshua A. Frieman, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Sako, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Gregory Tarle, Nikhel Gupta, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Daniel Gruen, D. W. Gerdes, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, McDonald, Michael A., Saro, A., Bocquet, S., Rozo, E., Benson, B. A., Mohr, J., Rykoff, E. S., Soares-Santos, M., Bleem, L., Dodelson, S., Melchior, P., Sobreira, F., Upadhyay, V., Weller, J., Abbott, T., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Armstrong, R., Banerji, M., Bauer, A. H., Bayliss, M., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brodwin, M., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Capasso, R., Capozzi, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Chiu, I., Covarrubias, R., Crawford, T. M., Crocce, M., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Depoy, D. L., Desai, S., de Haan, T., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Cunha, C. E, Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gangkofner, C., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gupta, N., Hennig, C., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Martini, Paul, Mcdonald, M., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Nord, B., Ogando, R., Plazas, A. A., Reichardt, C. L., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sevilla, I., Smith, R. C., Stalder, B., Stark, A. A., Strazzullo, V., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Tucker, D., Vikram, V., von der Linden, A., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Wester, W., Zenteno, A., and Ziegler, K. E.
Subjects: statistics [galaxies], Large-scale structure of Universe, Galaxies: abundances, Astrophysics, abundance [Galaxies], miscellaneous [cosmology], Lambda, Catalogue, 01 natural sciences, haloe [Galaxies], clusters: general [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, catalogues, QB, Physics, education.field_of_study, Sigma, haloes [galaxies], South Pole Telescope, astro-ph.CO, large-scale structure of Universe, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Galaxies: statistics, Cosmology: miscellaneous, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Methods: data analysis, abundances [galaxies], 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], Cluster (physics), miscellaneou [Cosmology], Galaxies: haloes, education, STFC, Galaxy cluster, Catalogues, Galaxies: clusters: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, statistic [Galaxies], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, RCUK, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, data analysi [Methods], Dark energy
Abstract: We cross-match galaxy cluster candidates selected via their Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signatures in 129.1 deg[superscript 2] of the South Pole Telescope 2500d SPT-SZ survey with optically identified clusters selected from the Dark Energy Survey science verification data. We identify 25 clusters between 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.8 in the union of the SPT-SZ and redMaPPer (RM) samples. RM is an optical cluster finding algorithm that also returns a richness estimate for each cluster. We model the richness λ-mass relation with the following function 〈ln λ|M500〉 ∝ Bλln M500 + Cλln E(z) and use SPT-SZ cluster masses and RM richnesses λ to constrain the parameters. We find Bλ=1.14[superscript +0.21][subscript −0.18 and Cλ=0.73[superscript +0.77][subscript −0.75]. The associated scatter in mass at fixed richness is σlnM|λ=0.18[superscript +0.08][subscript −0.05] at a characteristic richness λ = 70. We demonstrate that our model provides an adequate description of the matched sample, showing that the fraction of SPT-SZ-selected clusters with RM counterparts is consistent with expectations and that the fraction of RM-selected clusters with SPT-SZ counterparts is in mild tension with expectation. We model the optical-SZE cluster positional offset distribution with the sum of two Gaussians, showing that it is consistent with a dominant, centrally peaked population and a subdominant population characterized by larger offsets. We also cross-match the RM catalogue with SPT-SZ candidates below the official catalogue threshold significance ξ = 4.5, using the RM catalogue to provide optical confirmation and redshifts for 15 additional clusters with ξ ∈ [4, 4.5]., Kavli Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant GBMF 947)
Published: 2015

44. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Weak Lensing Mass Calibration of redMaPPer Galaxy Clusters

Author: Eli S. Rykoff, Thomas McClintock, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, David J. James, Stella Seitz, Michael Troxel, A. Carnero Rosell, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Pablo Fosalba, T. N. Varga, Joe Zuntz, Risa H. Wechsler, Adam Mantz, L. N. da Costa, Tesla E. Jeltema, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, J. Carretero, Melanie Simet, Alex Drlica-Wagner, A. A. Plazas, C. B. D'Andrea, Scarpine, Markus Rau, P Li, Felipe Menanteau, Elisabeth Krause, Antonella Palmese, J. Annis, Steven W. Allen, G. Pollina, David J. Brooks, Juan Garcia-Bellido, J. P. Dietrich, Vikram, A. von der Linden, Matthew R. Becker, Flavia Sobreira, Eduardo Rozo, R. C. Smith, Filipe B. Abdalla, Tenglin Li, Sarah Bridle, D. L. Hollowood, Santiago Avila, Ramon Miquel, Joshua A. Frieman, G. Gutierrez, J. DeRose, Carlos E. Cunha, A. Bermeo, Mathew Smith, Nico Hamaus, K. Honscheid, Sunayana Bhargava, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Martin Crocce, Donnacha Kirk, Alistair R. Walker, Jochen Weller, F. J. Castander, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Burke, Joseph J. Mohr, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Jennifer L. Marshall, Peter Melchior, T. M. C. Abbott, A. K. Romer, Rafe Schindler, M. March, M. E. C. Swanson, T. Shin, Ofer Lahav, Daniel Gruen, E. J. Sanchez, S. Everett, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, C. Vergara Cervantes, Marcos Lima, Ben Hoyle, D. W. Gerdes, G Morris, J. De Vicente, Brian Nord, C. Davis, Peter Doel, Yanxi Zhang, H. T. Diehl, Arya Farahi, Niall MacCrann, Erin Sheldon, G. Tarle, M. Costanzi, H. Israel, M. Carrasco Kind, Enrique Gaztanaga, B. Flaugher, Mcclintock, T., Varga, T. N., Gruen, D., Rozo, E., Rykoff, E. S., Shin, T., Melchior, P., Derose, J., Seitz, S., Dietrich, J. P., Sheldon, E., Zhang, Y., von der Linden, A., Jeltema, T., Mantz, A. B., Romer, A. K., Allen, S., Becker, M. R., Bermeo, A., Bhargava, S., Costanzi, M., Everett, S., Farahi, A., Hamaus, N., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Hoyle, B., Israel, H., Li, P., Maccrann, N., Morris, G., Palmese, A., Plazas, A. A., Pollina, G., Rau, M. M., Simet, M., Soares-Santos, M., Troxel, M. A., Vergara Cervantes, C., Wechsler, R. H., Zuntz, J., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kirk, D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., T. S., Li, Lima, M., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., and Weller, J.
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), ST/N504452/1, FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, clusters: general [Galaxies], 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Gravitational lensing: weak, ST/P000252/1, 0103 physical sciences, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Scaling, Weak gravitational lensing, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, STFC, QC, Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmology: observations, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, astro-ph.CO, Galaxies: clusters: general, weak [Gravitational lensing], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We constrain the mass--richness scaling relation of redMaPPer galaxy clusters identified in the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 data using weak gravitational lensing. We split clusters into $4\times3$ bins of richness $\lambda$ and redshift $z$ for $\lambda\geq20$ and $0.2 \leq z \leq 0.65$ and measure the mean masses of these bins using their stacked weak lensing signal. By modeling the scaling relation as $\langle M_{\rm 200m}|\lambda,z\rangle = M_0 (\lambda/40)^F ((1+z)/1.35)^G$, we constrain the normalization of the scaling relation at the 5.0 per cent level as $M_0 = [3.081 \pm 0.075 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.133 ({\rm sys})] \cdot 10^{14}\ {\rm M}_\odot$ at $\lambda=40$ and $z=0.35$. The richness scaling index is constrained to be $F=1.356 \pm 0.051\ ({\rm stat})\pm 0.008\ ({\rm sys})$ and the redshift scaling index $G=-0.30\pm 0.30\ ({\rm stat})\pm 0.06\ ({\rm sys})$. These are the tightest measurements of the normalization and richness scaling index made to date. We use a semi-analytic covariance matrix to characterize the statistical errors in the recovered weak lensing profiles. Our analysis accounts for the following sources of systematic error: shear and photometric redshift errors, cluster miscentering, cluster member dilution of the source sample, systematic uncertainties in the modeling of the halo--mass correlation function, halo triaxiality, and projection effects. We discuss prospects for reducing this systematic error budget, which dominates the uncertainty on $M_0$. Our result is in excellent agreement with, but has significantly smaller uncertainties than, previous measurements in the literature, and augurs well for the power of the DES cluster survey as a tool for precision cosmology and upcoming galaxy surveys such as LSST, Euclid and WFIRST., Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures; matches MNRAS referee response version

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