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The Canadian Food Intake Screener/Questionnaire court canadien sur les apports alimentaires was developed to rapidly assess alignment of adults' dietary intake over the past month with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide's healthy food choices recommendations. From July to December 2021, adults (n = 154) aged 18–65 years completed the screener and up to two 24 h dietary recalls. The screener scoring system was aligned with the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 (HEFI-2019), to the extent possible. Analysis of variance compared screener scores among subgroups with known differences in diet quality. Using the recall data, the National Cancer Institute multivariate method was used to model HEFI-2019 components, with the screener score as a covariate, and the correlation coefficient between screener and total HEFI-2019 scores was estimated. The mean screener score was 35 points (SD = 4.7; maximum 65), ranging from 26 (1st percentile) to 45 (99th percentile). Differences in scores in hypothesized directions were evident by gender identity (p = 0.06), perceived income adequacy (p = 0.07), education (p = 0.02), and smoking status (p = 0.003). The correlation between screener and HEFI-2019 scores was 0.53 (SE = 0.12). The screener's moderate construct validity supports its use for rapid assessment of alignment of adults' intake with the healthy food choices recommendations when comprehensive dietary assessment is not possible. The Canadian Food Intake Screener was developed to rapidly assess alignment of dietary intake with the Canada's Food Guide-2019 healthy food choices recommendations. Scoring is aligned with the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 to the extent possible. Among a sample of adults, reasonable variation in screener scores was noted, mean screener scores differed between some subgroups with known differences in diet quality, and a moderate correlation between screener scores and total Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 scores based on repeat 24 h dietary recalls was observed. The Canadian Food Intake Screener has moderate construct validity for rapid assessment of overall alignment of adults' dietary intake with the Canada's Food Guide-2019 healthy food choices recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Socioeconomic inequities in diet quality are stable or widening in the United States; however, these trends have not been well characterized in other nations. Moreover, purpose-developed indices of inequities that can provide a more comprehensive and precise perspective of trends in absolute and relative dietary gaps and gradients using multiple indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) have not yet been used, and can inform strategies to narrow dietary inequities. Objectives We quantified nationally representative trends in absolute and relative gaps and gradients in diet quality between 2004 and 2015 according to 3 indicators of SEP among adults in Canada. Methods Adults (≥18 y old) who participated in the nationally representative, cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition in 2004 (n  = 20,880) or 2015 (n  = 13,970) were included. SEP was classified using household income (quintiles), education (5 categories), and neighborhood deprivation (quintiles). Dietary intake data from 24-h recalls were used to derive Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores. Dietary inequities were quantified using absolute and relative gaps (between the most and least disadvantaged) and absolute [Slope Index of Inequality (SII)] and relative gradients (Relative Index of Inequality). Overall and sex-stratified multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models examined trends in HEI-2015 scores between 2004 and 2015. Results Mean HEI-2015 scores improved from 55.3 to 59.0 (maximum: 100); however, these trends were not consistently equitable. Whereas inequities in HEI-2015 scores were stable in the total population and in females, the absolute gap [from 1.60 (95% CI: 0.09, 3.10) to 4.27 (95% CI: 2.20, 6.34)] and gradient [from SII = 2.09 (95% CI: 0.45, 3.73) to SII = 4.84 (95% CI: 2.49, 7.20)] in HEI-2015 scores for household income, and the absolute gradient for education [from SII = 8.06 (95% CI: 6.41, 9.71) to SII = 10.52 (95% CI: 8.73, 12.31)], increased in males. Conclusions Absolute and relative gaps and gradients in overall diet quality remained stable or widened between 2004 and 2015 among adults in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediate associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health; however, it is not known whether they jointly mediate these associations. This is an important question because stress-related unhealthy eating is often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, particularly among women, seemingly with no empirical justification. This study examined whether psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women and men. Multiple mediating pathways were modeled using data from the cross-sectional International Food Policy Study. Data were collected from 5,645 adults (aged 18 years or older) in Canada during 2018 and 2019. Participants reported SEP using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial pathways (subjective social status), along with psychosocial stress, dietary intake (to assess overall diet quality via Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores), and self-rated health. Structural equation modeling modeled pathways linking SEP (ie, educational attainment, perceived income adequacy, and subjective social status) with self-rated health mediated by psychosocial stress and diet quality, stratified by gender. There was no evidence that psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Diet quality mediated associations between educational attainment and self-rated health in women and men, with some evidence that it mediated associations between subjective social status and self-rated health in men (P = 0.051). Psychosocial stress mediated associations between perceived income adequacy and self-rated health in women and men, and between subjective social status and self-rated health in women. Although often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, stress-related poor diet quality did not mediate associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediated some of these associations, with some differences by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]