Author: "O'Neill T.W." / Topic: epidemiology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Systematic screening using FRAX® leads to increased use of, and adherence to, anti-osteoporosis medications: an analysis of the UK SCOOP trial.

Author: Parsons, C.M., Harvey, N., Shepstone, L., Kanis, J.A., Lenaghan, E., Clarke, S., Fordham, R., Gittoes, N., Harvey, I., Holland, R., Redmond, N.M., Howe, A., Marshall, T., Peters, T.J., Torgerson, D., O'Neill, T.W., McCloskey, E., Cooper, C., the SCOOP Trial Group, and Crabtree, N.
Subjects: CONFIDENCE intervals, DRUGS, BONE fractures, HIP joint injuries, OSTEOPOROSIS, PATIENT compliance, QUESTIONNAIRES, RISK assessment, WOMEN'S health, LOGISTIC regression analysis, PHOTON absorptiometry, OLD age
Abstract: Summary: In the large community-based SCOOP trial, systematic fracture risk screening using FRAX® led to greater use of AOM and greater adherence, in women at high fracture risk, compared with usual care. Introduction: In the SCreening of Older wOmen for Prevention of fracture (SCOOP) trial, we investigated the effect of the screening intervention on subsequent long-term self-reported adherence to anti-osteoporosis medications (AOM). Methods: SCOOP was a primary care–based UK multicentre trial of screening for fracture risk. A total of 12,483 women (70–85 years) were randomised to either usual NHS care, or assessment using the FRAX® tool ± dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with medication recommended for those found to be at high risk of hip fracture. Self-reported AOM use was obtained by postal questionnaires at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. Analysis was limited to those who initiated AOM during follow-up. Logistic regression was used to explore baseline determinants of adherence (good ≥ 80%; poor < 80%). Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 75.6 (4.2) years, with 6233 randomised to screening and 6250 to the control group. Of those participants identified at high fracture risk in the screening group, 38.2% of those on treatment at 6 months were still treated at 60 months, whereas the corresponding figure for the control group was 21.6%. Older age was associated with poorer adherence (OR per year increase in age 0.96 [95% CI 0.93, 0.99], p = 0.01), whereas history of parental hip fracture was associated with greater rate adherence (OR 1.67 [95% CI 1.23, 2.26], p < 0.01). Conclusions: Systematic fracture risk screening using FRAX® leads to greater use of AOM and greater adherence, in women at high fracture risk, compared with usual care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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2. The influence of family history of hip fracture on the risk of verterbral deformity in men and women: The European vertebral osteoporosis study

Author: Diaz, M.N., O'Neill, T.W., Silman, A.J., Agnusdei, D., Bergmann, K., Cooper, C., Dequeker, J., Felsenberg, D., Kanis, J.A., Kruskemper, G., Raspe, H., Varlow, J., Marsden, D., Kalidis, L., Mews, J., Lauermann, T., Weber, K., Geusens, P., Jajic, Ivo, Havelka, S., Vavrincova, P., Delmas, P.D., Marchand, F., Banzer, D., Kirschner, S., Reisinger, W., Janott, J., Schatz, H., Franke, J., Matthis, C., Antoniou, A., Lyritis, G., Kiss, C., Poor, G., Gennari, C., Ortolani, S., Hofman, A., Pols, H.A.P., Falch, J.A., Meyer, H.E., Czekalski, S., Miazgowski, T., Hoszowski, K., Lorenc, R.S., Aroso, A., Vaz, A.L., Benevolenskaya, L. I., Mikhailov, E.E., Letkovska, A., Masaryk, P., Escofet, D.R., Martin, M.R., Sosa, M., Curiel, M.D., Rapado, A., Andia, J.B.C., Lopez, J.B.D., Johnell, O., Nilsson, B., Dilsen, G., Reid, D.M., Bhalla, A.K., Ring, F., Todd, C., Williams, R., Reeve, J., Eastell, R., and Woolf, A.D.
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, Risk Factors, family history, hip fracture, vertebral deformity, multicenter study, epidemiology, risk factors, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Family history, Medical History Taking, Rachis, Aged, Hip fracture, Hip Fractures, business.industry, Case-control study, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Europe, Case-Control Studies, Physical therapy, Female, Spinal Diseases, business
Abstract: There are few data exploring clustering of osteoporotic fractures within families. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of maternal and paternal history of hip fracture on the risk of vertebral deformity. 12,816 men and women aged 50 to 75 years were recruited from population based sampling frames across Europe. Subjects were invited to attend by letter of invitation for an interviewer administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs. Vertebral deformity was defined morphometrically using the McCloskey-Kanis method. 6.4% of men and 7.1% of women reported that their mother had suffered a hip fracture, while 1.7% of both men and women reported that their father had suffered a hip fracture. A maternal history of hip fracture was associated with a modest increased risk of vertebral deformity in men [odds ratio (OR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.8], the risk being greater among those aged 65 years and over (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.4) and in those from low prevalence areas. There was no increased risk in women. Paternal history of hip fracture was not associated with vertebral deformity in either sex. In conclusion, maternal history of hip fracture appears to be a risk factor for vertebral deformity, particularly in men.
Published: 1997
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3. Differences in the characteristics of responders and non-responders in a prevalence survey of vertebral osteoporosis. European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group

Author: O’Neill, T.W., Marsden, D., Silman, A.J., and and the European Vertebral Osteoprosis Study Group:… Jajić, Ivo
Subjects: epidemiology, nonresponse bias, osteoporosis, vertebral fractures
Abstract: Men and women aged 50 years and over were recruited for participation in a population-based prevalence survey of vertebral osteoporosis from 36 centres in 19 European countries. All subjects were invited to attend by letter of invitation for a ''lifestyle'' interview and lateral spinal radiograph. The aim of this analysis was to investigate how far those who agreed to attend were representative of the target population and thus whether any important level of non-response bias existed. To address this a second invitation was sent to all non-responders and, in 20 centres, a sample of ultimate non-responders was contacted by mail, telephone or home visit and given a shortened version of the lifestyle questionnaire. Compared with the sample of non-responders, responders might be considered less at risk from osteoporosis in that as a group they took more exercise and were less likely to be current smokers. Other factors suggested the contrary in that they consumed less calcium and were more likely to have suffered a previous fracture. Amongst responders, these factors appeared also to be related to the timing of response. Thus compared with delayed responders, those who participated after a first letter of invitation took more exercise, were less likely to be smokers and more likely to have suffered a previous fracture. However, in contrast to the results suggested by the non-response survey early responders consumed more calcium than late responders. The magnitude of the differences between responders and non-responders was small (less than 10% for most of the categorical variables) and the differences were not consistently in the direction of an increased or decreased risk of osteoporosis. Additionally the size or direction of these differences was not consistently influenced by the response rate based on classifying centres into those with a high, medium or low response rate. This suggests that in this multicentre study response bias probably does not have a major influence on the prevalence estimates of vertebral fracture. In epidemiological studies of osteoporosis comparison of the lifestyle differences between early and late responders provides useful information concerning response characteristics.
Published: 1995
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4. Chronic widespread pain is associated with slower cognitive processing speed in middle-aged and older European men

Author: Lee, D.M., Pendleton, N., Tajar, A., O’Neill, T.W., O’Connor, D.B., Bartfai, G., Boonen, S., Casanueva, F.F., Finn, J.D., Forti, G., Giwercman, A., Han, T.S., Huhtaniemi, I.T., Kula, K., Lean, M.E.J., Punab, M., Silman, A.J., Vanderschueren, D., Moseley, C.M., and Wu, F.C.W.
Subjects: *COGNITION, *THOUGHT suppression, *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys, *PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *CHRONIC pain, *MEN'S health
Abstract: Abstract: Evidence from clinic-based studies suggests that the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with impairment in cognitive function though the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether there is a similar association between chronic widespread pain (CWP), a cardinal feature of FMS, and impaired cognition in a community setting. Men (n =3369, 40–79years) were recruited from population registers in eight centres for participation in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). The subjects completed a pain questionnaire and pain manikin, with the presence of CWP defined using the American College of Rheumatology criteria. The cognitive functions measured were visuospatial-constructional ability and visual memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure [ROCF]); visual recognition (Camden Topographical Recognition Memory test [CTRM]); and psychomotor processing speed (Digit-Symbol Substitution test [DSST]). We restricted our analysis to those subjects reporting pain that satisfied the criteria for CWP and those who were pain free. Of these 1539 men [mean (SD) age 60 (11) years], 266 had CWP. All cognitive test scores declined cross-sectionally with age (P <0.05). In age-adjusted linear regressions men with CWP had a lower DSST score (β =−2.4, P <0.001) compared to pain-free subjects. After adjustment for lifestyle and health factors the association between pain status and the DSST score was attenuated but remained significant (β =−1.02, P =0.04). There was no association between CWP and the ROCF-copy, ROCF-recall or CTRM scores. CWP is associated with slower psychomotor processing speed among community-dwelling European men. Prospective studies are required to confirm this observation and explore possible mechanisms for the association. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2010
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5. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author: Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C, Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujiati, Isti I, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galeone, Daniela, Galfo, Myriam, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia-Solano, Marta, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo, Gaya, Anelise Reis, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Goltzman, David, Gomez, Santiago F, Gomula, Aleksandra, da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Groholt, Else Karin, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillon, Pilar, Gualtieri, Andrea, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J, Guo, Xiu-Hua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu AM, Hantunen, Sari, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuan, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M, Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Homs, Clara, Hopman, Wilma M, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Thein, Thein Htay, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh, Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jockel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jovic, Dragana P, Jozwiak, Jacek J, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Simina, Iulia Jurca, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kaducu, Felix O, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kameli, Yves, Kanala, Kodanda R, Kannan, Srinivasan, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han CG, Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse MSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Konig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Krtalic, Branimir, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang, Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina, Landais, Edwige, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh, Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H, Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Liivak, Merike, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Liu, Lijuan, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Khuong, Quynh Long, Lopes, Luis, Lopes, Oscar, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charles, Lustigova, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Machi, Suka, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, 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JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, 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Dantoft T.M., Dasgupta P., Dastgiri S., Dauchet L., Davletov K., De Backer G., De Bacquer D., de Gaetano G., De Henauw S., de Oliveira P.D., De Ridder D., De Ridder K., de Rooij S.R., De Smedt D., Deepa M., Deev A.D., DeGennaro V., Dehghan A., Delisle H., Delpeuch F., Demarest S., Dennison E., Deren K., Deschamps V., Dhana K., Dhimal M., Di Castelnuovo A.F., Dias-da-Costa J.S., Diaz-Sanchez M.E., Diaz A., Dika Z., Djalalinia S., Djordjic V., Do H.T., Dobson A.J., Donati M.B., Donfrancesco C., Donoso S.P., Doring A., Dorobantu M., Dorosty A.R., Doua K., Drygas W., Duan J.L., Duante C.A., Duboz P., Duda R.B., Duleva V., Dulskiene V., Dumith S.C., Dushpanova A., Dzerve V., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Eddie R., Eftekhar E., Egbagbe E.E., Eggertsen R., Eghtesad S., Eiben G., Ekelund U., El-Khateeb M., El Ati J., Eldemire-Shearer D., Eliasen M., Elliott P., Engle-Stone R., Enguerran M., Erasmus R.T., Erbel R., Erem C., Eriksen L., Eriksson J.G., Escobedo-de la Pena J., Eslami S., Esmaeili A., Evans A., Faeh D., Fakhretdinova A.A., Fall C.H., Faramarzi E., Farjam M., Farrugia Sant'Angelo V., Farzadfar F., Fattahi M.R., Fawwad A., Felix-Redondo F.J., Ferguson T.S., Fernandes R.A., Fernandez-Berges D., Ferrante D., Ferrao T., Ferrari M., Ferrario M.M., Ferreccio C., Ferrer E., Ferrieres J., Figueiro T.H., Fijalkowska A., Fink G., Fischer K., Foger B., Foo L.H., Forsner M., Fouad H.M., Francis D.K., Franco M.D.C., Franco O.H., Frikke-Schmidt R., Frontera G., Fuchs F.D., Fuchs S.C., Fujiati I.I., Fujita Y., Fumihiko M., Furusawa T., Gaciong Z., Gafencu M., Galbarczyk A., Galenkamp H., Galeone D., Galfo M., Galvano F., Gao J., Garcia-de-la-Hera M., Garcia-Solano M., Gareta D., Garnett S.P., Gaspoz J.-M., Gasull M., Gaya A.C.A., Gaya A.R., Gazzinelli A., Gehring U., Geiger H., Geleijnse J.M., Ghanbari A., Ghasemi E., Gheorghe-Fronea O.-F., Giampaoli S., Gianfagna F., Gill T.K., Giovannelli J., Gironella G., Giwercman A., Gkiouras K., Godos J., Gogen S., Goldsmith R.A., Goltzman D., Gomez S.F., Gomula A., Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B., Goncalves H., Gonzalez-Chica D.A., Gonzalez-Gross M., Gonzalez-Leon M., Gonzalez-Rivas J.P., Gonzalez-Villalpando C., Gonzalez-Villalpando M.-E., Gonzalez A.R., Gottrand F., Graca A.P., Graff-Iversen S., Grafnetter D., Grajda A., Grammatikopoulou M.G., Gregor R.D., Grodzicki T., Groholt E.K., Grontved A., Grosso G., Gruden G., Gu D., Gualdi-Russo E., Guallar-Castillon P., Gualtieri A., Gudmundsson E.F., Gudnason V., Guerrero R., Guessous I., Guimaraes A.L., Gulliford M.C., Gunnlaugsdottir J., Gunter M.J., Guo X.-H., Guo Y., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gureje O., Gurzkowska B., Gutierrez-Gonzalez E., Gutierrez L., Gutzwiller F., Ha S., Hadaegh F., Hadjigeorgiou C.A., Haghshenas R., Hakimi H., Halkjaer J., Hambleton I.R., Hamzeh B., Hange D., Hanif A.A., Hantunen S., Hari Kumar R., Hashemi-Shahri S.M., Hassapidou M., Hata J., Haugsgjerd T., Hayes A.J., He J., He Y., Heidinger-Felso R., Heinen M., Hejgaard T., Hendriks M.E., Henrique R.D.S., Henriques A., Hernandez Cadena L., Herrala S., Herrera V.M., Herter-Aeberli I., Heshmat R., Hill A.G., Ho S.Y., Ho S.C., Hobbs M., Hofman A., Holden Bergh I., Holdsworth M., Homayounfar R., Homs C., Hopman W.M., Horimoto A.R., Hormiga C.M., Horta B.L., Houti L., Howitt C., Htay T.T., Htet A.S., Htike M.M.T., Hu Y., Huerta J.M., Huhtaniemi I.T., Huidumac Petrescu C., Husseini A., Huu C.N., Huybrechts I., Hwalla N., Hyska J., Iacoviello L., Ibarluzea J.M., Ibrahim M.M., Ibrahim Wong N., Ikeda N., Ikram M.A., Iotova V., Irazola V.E., Ishida T., Islam M., Islam S.M.S., Iwasaki M., Jackson R.T., Jacobs J.M., Jaddou H.Y., Jafar T., James K., Jamil K.M., Jamrozik K., Janszky I., Janus E., Jarani J., Jarvelin M.-R., Jasienska G., Jelakovic A., Jelakovic B., Jennings G., Jha A.K., Jiang C.Q., Jimenez R.O., Jockel K.-H., Joffres M., Johansson M., Jokelainen J.J., Jonas J.B., Jorgensen T., Joshi P., Joukar F., Jovic D.P., Jozwiak J.J., Juolevi A., Jurak G., Jurca Simina I., Juresa V., Kaaks R., Kaducu F.O., Kafatos A., Kajantie E.O., Kalmatayeva Z., Kalter-Leibovici O., Kameli Y., Kanala K.R., Kannan S., Kapantais E., Karki K.B., Katibeh M., Katz J., Katzmarzyk P.T., Kauhanen J., Kaur P., Kavousi M., Kazakbaeva G.M., Keil U., Keinan Boker L., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S., Kelishadi R., Kelleher C., Kemper H.C., Keramati M., Kerimkulova A., Kersting M., Key T., Khader Y.S., Khalili D., Khaw K.-T., Kheiri B., Kheradmand M., Khosravi A., Khouw I.M., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U., Kiechl S., Killewo J., Kim D.W., Kim H.C., Kim J., Kindblom J.M., Klakk H., Klimek M., Klimont J., Klumbiene J., Knoflach M., Koirala B., Kolle E., Kolsteren P., Konig J., Korpelainen R., Korrovits P., Korzycka M., Kos J., Koskinen S., Kouda K., Kovacs V.A., Kowlessur S., Koziel S., Kratzer W., Kriemler S., Kristensen P.L., Krokstad S., Kromhout D., Krtalic B., Kruger H.S., Kubinova R., Kuciene R., Kujala U.M., Kujundzic E., Kulaga Z., Kumar R.K., Kunesova M., Kurjata P., Kusuma Y.S., Kuulasmaa K., Kyobutungi C., La Q.N., Laamiri F.Z., Laatikainen T., Lachat C., Laid Y., Lam T.H., Lambrinou C.-P., Landais E., Lanska V., Lappas G., Larijani B., Latt T.S., Lauria L., Lazo-Porras M., Le Nguyen Bao K., Le Port A., Le T.D., Lee J., Lee P.H., Lehmann N., Lehtimaki T., Lemogoum D., Levitt N.S., Li Y., Liivak M., Lilly C.L., Lim W.-Y., Lima-Costa M.F., Lin H.-H., Lin X., Lin Y.-T., Lind L., Linneberg A., Lissner L., Litwin M., Liu J., Liu L., Lo W.-C., Loit H.-M., Long K.Q., Lopes L., Lopes O., Lopez-Garcia E., Lopez T., Lotufo P.A., Lozano J.E., Lukrafka J.L., Luksiene D., Lundqvist A., Lundqvist R., Lunet N., Lunogelo C., Lustigova M., Luszczki E., Ma G., Ma J., Ma X., Machado-Coelho G.L., Machado-Rodrigues A.M., Machi S., Macieira L.M., Madar A.A., Maggi S., Magliano D.J., Magnacca S., Magriplis E., Mahasampath G., Maire B., Majer M., Makdisse M., Maki P., Malekzadeh F., Malhotra R., Mallikharjuna Rao K., Malyutina S.K., Maniego L.V., Manios Y., Mann J.I., 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V., Mohanna S., Mohd Yusoff M.F., Mohebbi I., Mohebi F., Moitry M., Molbo D., Mollehave L.T., Moller N.C., Molnar D., Momenan A., Mondo C.K., Monroy-Valle M., Monterrubio-Flores E., Monyeki K.D.K., Moosazadeh M., Moreira L.B., Morejon A., Moreno L.A., Morgan K., Morin S.N., Mortensen E.L., Moschonis G., Mossakowska M., Mostafa A., Mota-Pinto A., Mota J., Motlagh M.E., Motta J., Moura-dos-Santos M.A., Mridha M.K., Msyamboza K.P., Mu T.T., Muc M., Mugosa B., Muiesan M.L., Mukhtorova P., Muller-Nurasyid M., Murphy N., Mursu J., Murtagh E.M., Musa K.I., Music Milanovic S., Musil V., Mustafa N., Nabipour I., Naderimagham S., Nagel G., Naidu B.M., Najafi F., Nakamura H., Namesna J., Nang E.E.K., Nangia V.B., Nankap M., Narake S., Nardone P., Nauck M., Neal W.A., Nejatizadeh A., Nelis K., Nelis L., Nenko I., Neovius M., Nervi F., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D., Nguyen Q.N., Nieto-Martinez R.E., Nikitin Y.P., Ning G., Ninomiya T., Nishtar S., Noale M., Noboa O.A., Nogueira H., Norat T., Nordendahl M., Nordestgaard B.G., Noto D., Nowak-Szczepanska N., Nsour M.A., Nuhoglu I., Nurk E., O'Neill T.W., O'Reilly D., Obreja G., Ochimana C., Ochoa-Aviles A.M., Oda E., Oh K., Ohara K., Ohlsson C., Ohtsuka R., Olafsson O., Olinto M.T.A., Oliveira I.O., Omar M.A., Onat A., Ong S.K., Ono L.M., Ordunez P., Ornelas R., Ortiz A.P., Ortiz P.J., Osler M., Osmond C., Ostojic S.M., Ostovar A., Otero J.A., Overvad K., Owusu-Dabo E., Paccaud F.M., Padez C., Pagkalos I., Pahomova E., Paiva K.M.D., Pajak A., Palli D., Palloni A., Palmieri L., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panza F., Papandreou D., Park S.-W., Park S., Parnell W.R., Parsaeian M., Pascanu I.M., Pasquet P., Patel N.D., Pednekar M.S., Peer N., Peixoto S.V., Peltonen M., Pereira A.C., Peres M.A., Perez-Farinos N., Perez C.M., Peterkova V., Peters A., Petersmann A., Petkeviciene J., Petrauskiene A., Pettenuzzo E., Peykari N., Pham S.T., Pichardo R.N., Pierannunzio D., Pigeot I., Pikhart H., Pilav A., Pilotto L., Pistelli F., Pitakaka F., Piwonska A., Pizarro A.N., Plans-Rubio P., Poh B.K., Pohlabeln H., Pop R.M., Porta M., Posch G., Poudyal A., Poulimeneas D., Pouraram H., Pourfarzi F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Pradeepa R., Price A.J., Price J.F., Providencia R., Puder J.J., Pudule I., Puhakka S.E., Puiu M., Punab M., Qasrawi R.F., Qorbani M., Quoc Bao T., Radic I., Radisauskas R., Rahimikazerooni S., Rahman M., Raitakari O., Raj M., Rakhimova E., Rakhmatulloev S., Rakovac I., Ramachandra Rao S., Ramachandran A., Ramke J., Ramos E., Ramos R., Rampal L., Rampal S., Rarra V., Rascon-Pacheco R.A., Rasmussen M., Rech C.R., Redon J., Reganit P.F.M., Regecova V., Revilla L., Rezaianzadeh A., Ribas-Barba L., Ribeiro R., Riboli E., Richter A., Rigo F., Rinaldo N., Rinke de Wit T.F., Rito A., Ritti-Dias R.M., Rivera J.A., Robitaille C., Roccaldo R., Rodrigues D., Rodriguez-Artalejo F., Rodriguez-Perez M.D.C., Rodriguez-Villamizar L.A., Roggenbuck U., Rojas-Martinez R., Rojroongwasinkul N., Romaguera D., Romeo E.L., Rosario R.V., Rosengren A., Rouse I., Roy J.G., Rubinstein A., Ruhli F.J., Ruidavets J.-B., Ruiz-Betancourt B.S., Ruiz Moreno E., Rusakova I.A., Russell Jonsson K., Russo P., Rust P., Rutkowski M., Sabanayagam C., Sacchini E., Sachdev H.S., Sadjadi A., Safarpour A.R., Safi S., Safiri S., Saidi O., Saki N., Salanave B., Salazar Martinez E., Salmeron D., Salomaa V., Salonen J.T., Salvetti M., Samoutian M., Sanchez-Abanto J., Sandjaja, Sans S., Santa Marina L., Santos D.A., Santos I.S., Santos L.C., Santos M.P., Santos O., Santos R., Santos Sanz S., Saramies J.L., Sardinha L.B., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathish T., Saum K.-U., Savva S., Savy M., Sawada N., Sbaraini M., Scazufca M., Schaan B.D., Schaffrath Rosario A., Schargrodsky H., Schienkiewitz A., Schindler K., Schipf S., Schmidt C.O., Schmidt I.M., Schnohr P., Schottker B., Schramm S., Schroder H., Schultsz C., Schutte A.E., Sebert S., Sein A.A., Selamat R., Sember V., Sen A., Senbanjo I.O., Sepanlou S.G., Sequera V., Serra-Majem L., Servais J., 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Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020
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6. Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe

Author: Roy, D.K., Pye, S.R., Lunt, M., O’Neill, T.W., Todd, C., Raspe, H., Reeve, J., and Silman, A.J.
Subjects: *OSTEOPOROSIS, *WOUNDS & injuries, *ACCIDENTS
Abstract: There is important geographic variation in the occurrence of the major osteoporotic fractures across Europe. The aim of this study was to determine whether between-center variation in limb fracture rates across Europe could be explained by variation in the incidence of falls. Men and women, aged 50–79 years, were recruited from population-based registers in 30 European centers. Subjects were followed by postal questionnaire to ascertain the occurrence of incident fractures, and were also asked about the occurrence and number of recent falls. Self-reported fractures were confirmed, where possible, by review of the radiographs, medical record, or subject interview. The age- and gender-adjusted incidence of falls was calculated by center using Poisson regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the extent to which between-center differences in the incidence of limb fractures could be explained by differences in the age- and gender-adjusted incidence of falls at those centers. In all, 6302 men (mean age 63.9 years) and 6761 women (mean age 63.1 years) completed at least one questionnaire concerning fractures and falls. During a median follow-up time of 3 years, 3647 falls were reported by men and 4783 by women. After adjusting for age and gender, there was evidence of significant between-center differences in the occurrence of falls. There was also between-center variation in the occurrence of upper limb, lower limb, and distal forearm fractures. Variation in the age- and gender-adjusted center-specific fall rates explained 24%, 14%, and 6% of the between-center variation in incidence of distal forearm and upper and lower limb fractures, respectively. Given the constraints inherent in such an analysis, in men and women aged 50–79 years, variation in fall rates could explain a significant proportion of the between-center variation in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2002
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7. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author: Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gamze, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Cucu, Alexandra, Cui, Liufu, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. 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Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Tai Hing Lam, Morovic, Maja Lang, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Laugsand, Lars E., Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D., Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H., Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S., Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopes, Luis, Lopez, Tania, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. 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E.E., Ukoli F.A.M., Ulmer H., Unal B., Uusitalo H.M.T., Vaitkeviciute J., Valdivia G., Vale S., Valvi D., van der Schouw Y.T., Van Herck K., Van Minh H., van Rossem L., Van Schoor N.M., van Valkengoed I.G.M., Vanderschueren D., Vanuzzo D., Varela-Moreiras G., Varona-Perez P., Vatten L., Vega T., Veidebaum T., Velasquez-Melendez G., Velika B., Veronesi G., Verschuren W.M.M., Victora C.G., Viegi G., Viet L., Vineis P., Vioque J., Virtanen J.K., Visser M., Visvikis-Siest S., Viswanathan B., Vlasoff T., Vollenweider P., Volzke H., Voutilainen A., Voutilainen S., Vrijheid M., Vrijkotte T.G.M., Wade A.N., Wagner A., Waldhor T., Walton J., WanBebakar W.M., WanMohamud W.N., Wanderley R.S., Wang M.-D., Wang Q., Wang X., Wang Y.X., Wang Y.-W., Wannamethee S.G., Wareham N., Weber A., Weerasekera D., Weghuber D., Wei W., Whincup P.H., Widhalm K., Widyahening I.S., Wiecek A., Wijga A.H., Wilks R.J., Willeit J., Willeit P., Wilsgaard T., Wojtyniak B., Wong J.E., Wong T.Y., Wong-McClure R.A., Woo J., Woodward M., Wu F.C., Wu J., Wu S., Xu H., Xu L., Yamborisut U., Yan W., Yang L., Yang X., Yang Y., Yardim N., Yaseri M., Ye X., Yiallouros P.K., Yngve A., Yoosefi M., Yoshihara A., You Q.S., You S.-L., Younger-Coleman N.O., Yusoff A.F., Zaccagni L., Zafiropulos V., Zamani F., Zambon S., Zampelas A., Zamrazilova H., Zapata M.E., Zaw K.K., Zdrojewski T., ZeljkovicVrkic T., Zeng Y., Zhao D., Zhao W., Zheng W., Zheng Y., Zholdin B., Zhou M., Zhu D., Zhussupov B., Zimmermann E., ZunigaCisneros J., Ezzati M., Bixby H, Bentham J, Zhou B, Di Cesare M, Paciorek CJ, Bennett JE, Taddei C, Stevens GA, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Carrillo-Larco RM, Khang Y-H, Sorić M, Gregg EW, Miranda JJ, Bhutta ZA, Savin S, Sophiea MK, Iurilli MLC, Solomon BD, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Danaei G, Bovet P, Chirita-Emandi A, Hambleton IR, Hayes AJ, Ikeda N, Kengne AP, Laxmaiah A, Li Y, McGarvey ST, Mostafa A, Neovius M, Starc G, Zainuddin AA, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdul Ghaffar S, Abdul Hamid Z, Abubakar Garba J, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Agdeppa IA, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi N, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Al-Hazzaa HM, Ali MM, Ali O, Alkerwi A, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ängquist LH, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, 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M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Md Yusof S, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Miquel JF, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio EA, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin S, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mota J, Mota-Pinto A, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Milanovic SM, Musil V, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, 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A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radhika MS, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajkumar H, Rakhmatulloev S, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rao KM, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz Moreno E, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Safiri S, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar-Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K-U, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shengelia L, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Si-Ramlee K, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, So H-K, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, 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Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Jr, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Wong-McClure RA, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
Published: 2019
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7 results on '"O'Neill T.W."'

1. Systematic screening using FRAX® leads to increased use of, and adherence to, anti-osteoporosis medications: an analysis of the UK SCOOP trial.

2. The influence of family history of hip fracture on the risk of verterbral deformity in men and women: The European vertebral osteoporosis study

3. Differences in the characteristics of responders and non-responders in a prevalence survey of vertebral osteoporosis. European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group

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5. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

6. Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe

7. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

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