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The historic core of Rosetta, Egypt, is a possible nomination for UNESCO World Heritage status. However, the enduring controversy over the conservation scheme for Rosetta’s old market has highlighted the difficulties in reaching a satisfactory decision. The challenge lies in determining the best location for relocating the market without affecting locals’ life and culture of locals as part of the urban built heritage. The main objective of this study is to present a model of decision-making criteria, which can have many applications in heritage conservation decision making for preserving heritage in historic cities that are distinguished by religious, societal and economic activities. A Multi Criteria Decision Making model (MCDM) is a framework for project selection and is developed utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution; (TOPSIS) method, in reference to UNESCO guidelines, and Space Syntax analysis. The joint analytical framework helps to select the best location for the market that would promote the development of the area while also preserving the identity of the historic core. By adopting this proposed joint model, it is possible to meet social needs during urban development. Thus, the outcome of this study is to achieve a balance between the dual elements that the community works to achieve its integration with the historical urban fabric and at the same time allows development and tourism and tries to exist and takes part of the development plan, and promotes the identity of the city in terms of heritage, commercial and cultural activities as well as benefit from achieving development. This model can be tested against development plans for cities of historical economic values in a variety of circumstances extended with other specific criteria related to the context of the case study under analysis and development study, in addition to UNESCO guidelines to ensure its reliability. An urban conservation and development policy will enable the city’s authorities to register its historical core as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This research outcome validates a model for decision-making assessment that can be utilized to assess historic cities that include historical commercial activities.

Globally, climate change has been understood as a phenomenon adversely affecting the activities of human beings. As a result, the menace of climate change impacts is curbed by various adaptation programs. This study provides an assessment of nature and form, level of implementation, and challenges of the implementation process of the Climate Change Adaptation Programs (CCAPs) over the years (2013–2021) by some selected local governments in Ghana. This study adopted the qualitative research design, with the multiple case study approach and using the non-probability purpose sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to solicit information from respondents. The study found out that the CCAPs are implemented in various forms including public education, land management, and water delivery. Moreover, about half of the Climate Change Adaptation Programs outlined from 2013-to-date were not implemented at all and more than 70% have not been completely successful. Also, the implementation of the CCAPs was mainly hindered by inadequate funding. It is recommended that there should be an improvement in CCAPs financing. Also, the Ejisu Municipal Assembly should include all Climate Change Adaptation Programs in the Districts’ Medium-Term Development Plan under various thematic areas. Likewise, as a result of inadequate finance at the Local Governments level, the Assemblies should reduce the number of adaptation programs implemented within each planning period.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of land use change for tourism-related purposes on their value. The research was carried out in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The period of the research covered the years 2014-2019. The research covered all Polish communes, in which the land use was changed for tourist or recreational activities. The analysis covered the years 2014-2019., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The resolutions of individual councils' communes regarding the change of the local spatial development plan in the scope of changing the use of the real estate for tourism were analyzed (in communes, where the local spatial development plan was in force). The analysis also included decisions authorizing the exclusion of land from agricultural or forestry production issued by executive bodies of communes. The research concerned the years 2014-2019 and covered all Polish voivodeships. To analyze changes in the land value due to the adoption or change in local spatial development plans, as well as to issue a decision authorizing the exclusion of land from agricultural and forestry production, data from estimation reports prepared for calculating the planning fee in the years 2014-2019 were used. For better result presentation, data on individual communes were presented at the level of voivodeships., FINDINGS: Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that change in the purpose of the property for purposes related to conducting agricultural activity results in increasing its value., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The article contains much valuable information, which may constitute the base material and reference further research conducted by scientific specialists studying the agricultural land market. The article can assist those wishing to invest in agricultural real estate and pursue tourism investments., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: An analysis of changes in real estate value due to a change in its purpose to the tourist one may be an essential element in forecasting the financial consequences of adopting or changing the local land use plans., peer-reviewed

The nature and economic development of Indian urbanization is characterized by metropolitan domination and polarization. The country's total population increased from 361 million in 1951 to 1,027 million in 2001, while the urban population increased from 62 million to 285 million during the same period. From 23 megacities in 1991 to 35 in 2001, the number has increased considerably. Therefore, it is clear that there is a clear movement towards large cities, possibly as a result of a lack of employment opportunities in small and medium cities and a deficient urban infrastructure. In 1979, the centrally supported scheme for the integrated development of small and medium cities (IDSMT) began and continued through 2004-05 and was incorporated into the UIDSSMT scheme in December 2005. It is important to invest in the development of small urban centers in order to reduce migration to large cities as well as to support the growth of surrounding rural areas. Small and medium towns are generally viewed as a means of balancing urban hierarchy and reducing pressure on primate cities, moderate spatial inequality, and foster factors that may assist in reversing the trend. Kurduwadi city is one of them, such as improper or uncertain use of available land, rising unemployment and migration to cities, unsatisfactory development plans to improve urban development. In this context, through integrated planning, efforts have been measured to obtain the resources needed to achieve each goal and improve strategy. Also by allowing institutions to plan and collaborate in departments, they can create efficiency and pursue new opportunities and help reduce migration to nearby large and metropolitan cities by strengthening the Kurduwadi towns as regional growth centers. Establishing complementary links between nearby villages, towns and cities will create a harmonious settlement pattern. An integrated development plan for the Kurduwadi town reduces some of the ideological concerns and working uncertainties emerging around this initiative through this study. The assessment of integrated town development may be appropriate to determine the future orientation and guidelines for Kurduwadi town.

PurposePabna is suffering from waterlogging problems from ancient times. The previous Drainage Master Plan was failed due to the lack of reflection of the general people of Pabna Municipality. As a result, this study focuses on identifying the causes of waterlogging in people's eyes. This paper will help the local authority and planners eradicate the waterlogging problem and build a planned and resilient community.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were used for the study. Present drainage pattern, topology climatic elements were collected from the journals, websites and Municipal Ingratiated Development Plan (MIDP), Pabna-2008. The sample size was 246, and this respondent was surveyed. By the survey, the people's perception of waterlogging was collected. For that, five independent variables and one dependent variable were determined. These variables were determined by previous studies, reconnaissance survey of the study area. It used multiple linear regression and the correlation method; the causes of waterlogging were determined.FindingsThe study found solid waste disposal into the drainage, absence of operation and maintenance system, small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains, nonappearance of combined drainage network of roadside drains and unplanned drainage system as the leading causes of waterlogging from the perception of the people. Also found that the absence of operation and maintenance system, solid waste disposal into the drainage and unplanned drainage system as the influencing causes on small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains.Originality/valueThis study has focused on people's perceptions rather than secondary data. That is why this study will significantly impact eradicating the waterlogging problem from the Pabna Municipality and will carry out the core problems without any bias. This will lead to a sustainable, planned and resilient community.

Land use planning is a contributing factor in achieving better housing development in urban areas. However, the ineffectiveness during the preparation of development plans and its implementation through development control has given the impact on housing development. This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of housing planning and control activities. The best approaches to assisting its effectiveness among decision-makers and implementers in housing development were revealed. Thus, the study employs a qualitative method through in-depth interviews conducted among town planners. The study discovered the most important aspects are the availability of data in improving housing planning and control. Keywords: Land Use Planning; Housing Planning; Planning Control; Development Plan eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3028

Dating back to the history of development which starts near the resources or the Euclidean type planning where only physical planning is considered the time has come where planners need to consider the social aspects as well as the character of the city while setting goals or making policies for the same. Every place has its own uniqueness it may a cool new hi-tech building or an antique ancient monument, a busy booming mall or a quiet peaceful natural scenery. The need of this study of urban system is important to understand the human values, development, and the interactions they have with their physical environment. Development plan aims to promote growth and regulate the present and future development of towns and cities. In its simplest form, it is about improving the standard of living of the residents. While planning for a city, we should not only think about development as a tool for improving the physical and material conditions of the citizens but also consider the changes in built environment of the city which forms an important part of the city character and also gives clues related to the social and cultural life in that city The richness of the values forming the identity and character of the built environment is also an expression of the richness of the social and cultural life in that city .

Slum area remains as the main problem faced in urban settlement areas, especially in developing countries. Slum area in Central Bangka Regency reaches a total area of 55.92 hectares, covering 9.1% of Central Bangka Regency area. The local government formulized a strategy named Construction and Development Plan of Housing and Settlement Areas (Rencana Pembangunan dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman/RP3KP). The objective of this strategy is to analyze whether the strategy for slum upgrading in Central Bangka Regency has been formulated effectively. This is significant since a study of the strategy needs to be conducted before the strategy is legalized and becomes the basic framework for implementation. Quantitative technique is depicted throughout this article by comparing strategies resulted from the RP3KP document with literature driven indicators and with Law Number 1 Year 2011 on Housing and Settlements. Result shows that the plan has been formulated effectively according to three assessment aspects, namely political aspects, administrative aspects, and their suitability to Law Number 1 Year 2011. Despite, for more effective implementation, is it suggested to operationalize the strategy by formulating mechanisms and instruments for effective governance. More detailed implementation strategies shall be regulated, to not only concentrate on physical aspects, but also on non-physical aspects, such as social, economic, and demographical aspects.

West Java province is currently active conducting development in rural areas in order to improve the welfare of its community through the improvement of IDM (Indeks Desa Membangun/Village Index Development). In general, village development has not been based on village spatial plan, resulting it less optimal and not synergized with Regency’s Mid-term Development Plan (RPJMD Kabupaten). Therefore, each village government shall first conduct village spatial planning as the basis for preparation of Village Mid-term Development Plan (RPJM Desa), in order to understand its potentials and development plans that exist in its area and realize the importance of village spatial planning. This research uses qualitative and comparative descriptive methods. The existence of the Village Spatial Plan (RTRW Desa) enables village development to become more synergistic, directed, and sustainable, suppresses conflict of interests, controls the use of space in village area to remain in accordance with its function and designation, hence the level of environmental damage can be minimized. Village spatial planning is new to village governments and no guidelines exist yet. Thus, the central or local government shall prepare guidelines for village spatial planning and conduct socialization and education.

Freshwater is one of the most important resources for the ecosystem's sustenance and any nation's development. However, clean water bodies are exploited to cater to urban societies' growing demands and economic expansion. This has led to the scarcity of clean water on the planet since the last decade, which is a crucial environmental concern in the present time. Therefore, proper water quality assessment and better management plan integrated with city planning have become an essential need of the hour to combat the clean water stress problem. This study aims to frame a model to identify the potential sites suitable for water use and document an effective development plan for a highly industrialized, populated, planned, and critically polluted city. The potential strategic sites were identified based on the impact of water quality on factors such as human health and economy, which are directly linked to drinking, irrigation, fisheries, as well as industrial production. The relative importance of each criterion (weightage) was estimated using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The physico-chemical parameters of groundwater and surface water of the strategic locations were analyzed to calculate multi-purpose water quality index (WQI) and Ryznar suitability index (RSI). These indices were interpolated through a geospatial tool and reclassified using a scoring system to a uniform scale. These thematic maps were weighted overlaid through the GIS model builder tool in GIS interface to develop suitability maps through developed potential site index (PSI) of the ground as well as surface water. The final suitability maps were used to identify the potential strategic sites for various uses such as drinking, fishery, irrigation, and industries, which can be considered by the planners for improvising the city planning. Various management practices were also drawn through these maps, which will safeguard human health as well as the environment.

Smart development are underway to reduce environmental burdens and an energy saving. Methods of these projects for newly developed areas are already shown in several developed countries, but it for an existing built up area is not yet. Therefore, this paper aimed to clarify an effect of an environmental footprint reduction and a saving energy when the smart technics apply to a built up area. First, in this paper, several plans, which have different conditions of the spatial characteristics such as photovoltaic power generation are proposed for the development. Then, carbon dioxide emissions and an energy consumption are calculated for each plan. As a result, 4,254,645 kg CO2 per year is emitted in present condition and the 45% of it is reduced by a photovoltaic power generation.

Open green spaces contribute to urban/rural life in terms of ecological, recreational, spatial, economic, etc., functions as well as prevention of natural disasters, mitigation of its impacts, and providing spatial support to people before, during and after a disaster, especially an earthquake. Therefore, during and after the earthquake, there is need of planning of sufficient and safely (suitable site selection) open green spaces, which will provide emergency assembling and temporary and/or long-term shelter of the public, which can be accessed at certain distances, as emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas (multiple uses). In this study, the suitable size, accessibility standards and site selection criteria, which are discussed separately in the literature, were determined in a way to coincide with the natural and cultural landscape characteristics of Duzce city center. According to these standards and criteria, some determinations have been made in the study area. Firstly, the situation of emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in Duzce city, which has two earthquake experiences (in 1999), has been determined with field survey and the data of 1/1000 scaled Implementary Development Plan, which is planned in 2010 and is revised in 2017, and transferred to Geographical Information Systems. Secondly, in the suitability analysis, the criteria that increase/decrease the risk in the neighborhoods were integrated with the data at the first stage and very suitable, suitable and unsuitable areas were determined. Lastly, the size (m(2)per capita) and accessibility (service radius) of the emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas determined by the Governorship of Duzce Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate have been evaluated according to the relevant standards. It has been determined that there are deficiencies in the site selection and size of the emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in the city and in this context the mapping of the neighborhoods where the size of the area is insufficient and areas where cannot access emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in the whole city has been realized. As a result, some suggestions have been presented in Duzce city center regarding the planning of open green spaces and integration of standards and strategies for natural disasters (earthquake). WOS:000577051100005 2-s2.0-85092471257

Purpose This study aims to address the issue of overtourism, its causes and impacts and propose a strategy based on a theoretical overtourism matrix to be applied to the Nainital city. Design/methodology/approach Reports on rules and regulations from government authorities, court orders and newspaper reports were studied to understand the severity of overtourism. Focus interviews were undertaken, and monthly tourist arrival data for 13 years is analysed to gauge the levels of overtourism. Findings The study identifies the factors such as communication gaps, lack of stakeholders’ participation and non-availability of the tourism development plan as the primary reasons for the absence of sustainable overtourism solution. The study finds the extent of overtourism and its adverse effects on Nainital and underlines the need for policy interventions and optimal management of resources. The findings of this study highlight the need for sustainable long-term strategies. Research limitations/implications Overtourism can be understood and analysed in a better way with more granular data level. Practical implications The strategies presented can be applied at the policy level in the small- and mid-sized cities that are on hills or near the waterbody-side and experience mostly day and budget travellers. The understanding of resident–tourist interaction and impacts will help in preparing a better sustainable tourism development plan. The practical strategies of overtourism issues may be implemented for tourism experience and development. Originality/value This study investigates, for the first time, the impact of overtourism and offers strategies for an Indian city. This study will help tourism managers in developing policies for sustainable tourism development of hill cities or waterbody-side in India.

This paper outlines an optimisation model for land use planning which could be used by public officials and other stakeholders to prepare a risk-sensitive development plan fulfilling standard regulations of urban planning with an emphasis on earthquake protection. The presented model is based on a mixed integer quadratic programming method that produces an optimal land use distribution for a given urban area. A number of standard planning criteria namely land use suitability, accessibility and permeability to critical facilities and public services, land use resistance to change, provision of required land uses, as well as seismic hazard avoidance have been incorporated into the model. The performance of the model has been verified by benchmarking the generated outputs against expert-made plans for a pilot area in District 17th of the city of Tehran, Iran.

The regulation of territories inland properties is a specific technological and legal process, which is carried out through the tools of detailed spatial planning. The detailed development plans regulate streets, neighborhoods, and land properties for construction and for meeting other needs without construction of the respective land properties. The task of the settlement is to prepare the necessary conditions on the territory in order to make possible the realization of the construction itself. In this sense, it can be said that both processes are interrelated, but the leading and necessary role of the process of settlement of land in the land. The unifying moment in both processes is their legal regulation, which takes into account in detail the specifics of the specific territories and on this basis approves the specific parameters of the settlement and construction. The settlement of a land property determines its boundaries to a street, road or alley (face of the property) and to the neighboring land properties (side and to the bottom of the property). The settlement of each property also determines the type, manner, character, lines and value indicators of construction in the land property. The purpose of the article is to present and analyze some normative aspects and problems related to the regulation and construction of territories in land properties. The main research method used in the article is normative analysis. On the basis of the performed normative analysis some imperfections of the normative regulation are summarized and as a final result way for overcoming these imperfections are suggested in the conclusion. For the purposes of the analysis, opinions of authors working in this field were also used.

One of the strategic issues in the 2016-2030 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), the 7th (seven) goal is clean and affordable energy. The social engineering approach in the social, environmental dispute management of the affected community is an applied research from the case study of the Pasuruan FSRU development plan, namely building floating LNG storage and supporting facilities and facilities at sea, subsea pipeline construction located in the Madura Strait, in the north of the Regency Pasuruan and Sidoarjo Regency, as well as deploying land pipes in Permisan Village, Tambak Kalisogo, and Kupang, Jabon District-Sidoarjo Regency. This research is a descriptive analysis study, which is carried out with cross-sectional, in the study area. The data used in this study are primary and secondary. The primary data from participants in socialization activities of development plan were 33 respondents in Sidoarjo Regency and as many as 25 fishers respondents in Pasuruan City and Regency. Besides, the primary data from the questionnaire to 101 residents affected by land pipeline deployments and 29 people, fishing communities, joined in the HNSI in Pasuruan Regency and City. Often the development plans are hampered by the implementation, including strategic development plans, such as deploying fuel/oil and gas pipes, refineries, FSRUs, etc. due to the issue of dispute in the social environment. This study aims to support ongoing development activities, to underpin decision-making policies. The results of the study show that the community perception factor is very significant towards the development plan that must be managed. Management of these problems is a social engineering approach at the planning stage in the development process by involving various stakeholders ranging from the central government, local government, related agencies, NGOs, local figures and communities affected by the development

Urbanization in Zimbabwe has become an unstoppable phenomenon since the 2000 decade. Before 2000, expansion of towns and cities in Zimbabwe was very slow and restricted by private land around them. In 2000 Zimbabwe embarked on a fast-track land reform program which changed both the rural and urban landscape in terms of land ownership as it freed most of the land that was in private hands. This triggered accelerated lateral expansion of most urban centers including Gweru. The study assessed Gweru city expansion between 1990 and 2020. The study adopted a mixed methods research design which allowed use of both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Geographic information system and remote sensing, interviews and observations were used for data collection in this research. The study revealed that banks, building societies and some private land developers were major land development players who contributed to expansion of Gweru city between 1990 and 2020. The results of this study showed that rates of Gweru urban expansion were heterogeneous between 1990 and 2020. It was highlighted that the rates of Gweru urban expansion experienced an increasing trend from 1990 to 2020 with decade 2010 to 2020 experiencing highest rates of urban expansion followed by the 2000 to 2010 decade. The study results demonstrate that horizontal expansion of Gweru city took place at the expense of greenbelts and farmlands. Findings from this study showed that the land reform program and dollarization were the major drivers of Gweru urban expansion between 1990 and 2020. The study recommends that Gweru city council should take cognizance of the provisions of the environmental management act especially on protection of green spaces and wetland ecosystems when drawing its development plans to guard against deterioration of both green spaces and wetlands within the vicinity of Gweru urban. The study concludes that sustainable development of Gweru city can only be achieved if all developments take place according to the approved city council development plan.

Rapidly developing cities tend to expand outwards in a radial fashion, eventually merging to form agglomerations. As the connections between cities become close, the development space becomes increasingly saturated. It is essential to explore land-use change in urban development and formulate a reasonable development plan. In this study, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration was used as the research area. The future land-use distribution was simulated under three different scenarios, and their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated respectively with the Dyna-CLUE model. The results show that, through relevant policy restrictions, the development speed was slowed down to a certain extent. The types of land-use symbolizing ecology were slowly increasing, and the ecological environment has been improved to a certain extent. The ecological protection scenario optimized land-use distribution and effectively protected the environment, which is the more scientific and sustainable choice. The conclusions provided strong theoretical, technical and scientific support for the designation of urban development plans.

The present study explores the process of Greece’s current decarbonisation transition and its energy policy regarding the country’s two coal-mining areas. Using the Region of Western Macedonia as a case study, we aimed at providing a holistic approach—as until now only few attempts have been made to systematise the ‘Just Transition Plans’ in European Union (EU)—for raising awareness on issues related to water resource management in post-lignite areas and analysing the use of hydropower in Greece. Our research draws on a flexible method approach, serving as a tool to identify gaps in current knowledge and practices, based on two stages—first the analysis of existing literature, reviews, and sources from government’s core strategies, as well as policy and decision-making papers, and then formulating research questions by synthesising relevant data. In Greece, both ‘Just Transition Development Plan of Lignite Areas’ and hydropower production practices overlook water resources management. By summarising our findings and identifying gaps that remain in current approaches, this work indicates future directions by suggesting processes necessary for addressing the complex issue of adoption of sustainable water resources management measures in post-lignite eras in accordance with EU’s water policy.

Discharging of wastes and toxic pollutants produced by the industrial activities into the natural environment which consist of air, water and land implies the term Industrial Pollution. It has serious consequences on human life and its health along with several ways of negative impacts on the environment and nature. As far as our nation is concerned most of the major cities are filled with these large-scale industries which place a crucial role financial development of a country. Strictly hindering the development of industries cannot be done as it is vital for the Socio-Economic progress of a country. Yet it is our duty to protect our natural environment by limiting the pollution due to industries. This Study consist of the issues occurred in Eloor- Kadungalloor region as result of the industrial pollution followed by policies for a development plan to enhance the natural and environmental conditions with a planning approach at micro study level. As far as the Kerala context is considered, the major spot which is mostly affected by the industrial pollution is the ‘Edayar Industrial belt’ which is the largest industrial belt in Kerala. This became one of most noted spot because of the continuous dumping of dangerous chemical pollutants from adjacent industries (pesticide and fertilizer manufacturing). It has also resulted in health issues for the inhabitants of the site. Though many complaints have been filed against the companies, there has no proper laws or schemes for taking measures for reduction of pollution have come up so far. Hence this paper deals with the application of technical solutions and strategies for an Environment Improvement plan development for an industrial as well as studying on the issues of sire and its inhabitants.

The Chinese authority intends to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) as a new engine to sustain Chinese development. By applying the theories of state rescaling and...

The New Town of Gandhinagar was built in the 1960s as the capital of Gujarat state in western India with a spacious, modern character. Over the next four decades, it developed as an administrative center, but due to development restrictions and rigid periphery control, it was not able to effectively respond to regional growth pressures. The objective of Gandhinagar’s Development Plan for 2011 was to transform it from an administrative center into a thriving and economically vibrant community able to accommodate the demands of a rapidly urbanizing economy. This plan marked a departure from the state-led master planning and development based on eminent domain, and adopted a land readjustment mechanism for urban expansion. It applied a place-based approach to preserve the formal character of the capital city, while at the same time transform the quality of its built environment. This paper provides insights into the unique challenges of re-planning a planned New Town, and particularly highlights the opportunities that urban design scenarios provide to planners to meet a variety of planning objectives. A decade later, implementation success has been limited to urban expansion areas with the realization that the legacy of state-led development is not easily overcome without accompanying institutional changes.

The National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau jointly issued the ‘Plant Water Utilization Development Plan’ on January 29, 2013, which requires that China should grad...

Informal settlements are often not included in the development plan of cities. Urban planning has increasingly been less concerned about provision of basic infrastructure and services to vulnerable communities living and working in informal conditions. Increasing official apathy pose major challenges to achieving the globally accepted goal of inclusive urbanization as envisaged in Sustainable Development Goals / SDGs.. Goal 11 that aims at creating Safe, resilient, inclusive and sustainable cities will remain distant until we factor in the informal living and working conditions into our current urban planning narrative.GazdharBandh is a Notified Slum by Slum Redevelopment Authority (SRA) of MMRDA (Maharashtra Metropolitan Region Development Authority). The slum pocket is located in western suburb of Santacruz west, Mumbai. Gazdhar Bandh shows high density informal housing within the “no development zone” as per the development plan 2034, in estuary conditions that is vulnerable to recurrent floods.Slum upgradation faces multiple challenges with the complex interplay of local diversities, relocation and livelihood concerns. Using the case study of Gazdar Bandh slum, we examine how community responses to housing and other design strategies like public spaces, streetscapes, and makeshift spaces as immediate responses can go a long way to build long term resilience and factored into the broader city level planning narrative. The findings broadly examine the question: How can urban planning and design embrace uncertainty and concludes with an operational framework drawing on participatory planning and good urban place engaging multiple stakeholders.

The groundwater resources potential of Ethiopia is estimated to be about 40 billion cubic meters. Groundwater has been used as the main source of water supply since the 1970s for the main cities, towns and dispersed rural communities across the country, where provision of reticulated surface-water schemes is often expensive because of initial project construction costs and poor water quality. The exponential growth of the urban population and agriculture-led industrial development have resulted in greater attention to groundwater as the potentially cost-effective water supply source. As part of the growing focus on the use of groundwater, the Ethiopian government is currently implementing irrigation projects. One plan involves nine irrigation projects covering an estimated area of 8,000 ha, being developed on a pilot scale, with 9,000 test wells, 28,000 monitoring wells and 14,657 spring improvements. If this unprecedented Ethiopian groundwater-centred development plan is implemented successfully at such a scale, it is highly likely that its success will persuade other Sub-Saharan developing nations to put in place the necessary policies, regulations and investment for infrastructure and capacity development for exploring, exploiting and managing their groundwater resources.

Subject discussed in this paper focuses mainly on the importance of using spatial data for analysis and monitoring of social and economic development in the municipal land surface area, with the purpose of getting results, which will help in making important decisions in regards to the direction of spatial development in the future. Use of land surface must be in full compliance with spatial plans, both at national and local levels. This is the reason why the municipality of Gllogoc has also approved the Municipal Development Plan for the time period 2010 - 2020. In the case of Gllogoc execution of numerous projects in infrastructure, education, culture, sports and other economic and housing buildings have contributed to the rapid transformation of the land surface area. However, lack of political power and will to implement the rules set by development plans still continue to be destructive elements for land surface areas. Over the past decade, namely the period after 1999, there has been considerable increase in construction activities. Although the local plan gives property owners the right to develop and use the property in accordance with their interests, these regulations do not give them the right to work outside the legal provisions of the local plan. As a result of the deficiency of astringent administrative and legal regulations, as well as disregard of urban regulations, settlements of the municipality of Gllogoc continue to further expand land surface areas where construction is performed in a wild manner, without plans and with disturbing effects on the environment and the land surface area. The results obtained in this paper will help in making important decisions to constrain the construction zone, as well as to provide the necessary recommendations for steps to be taken in function of the land use for common interest.

Ecotourism globally has become an alternative to mass tourism to minimize environmental impacts, and at the same time, it is also useful to improve the living standards of local communities. The Central Kalimantan government also underpin ecotourism activities as a tourism focus and written it on its regional regulations. This study is a literature study to analyse RIPPARPROV (Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pariwisata Provinsi/Provincial Tourism Development Master Plan) of Central Kalimantan 2013-2028 with a conceptual approach from Hall and Jenkins by looking at how clearly the desired policy issues are set forth in regulations. The method of analysis uses qualitative-comparative methods, by exploring the main themes of the global concept of ecotourism (which are ecotourism definition, ecology, education, responsibility, awareness of conservation and economy of local communities) in the RIPPARPROV of Central Kalimantan 2013-2028. The results of the analysis show that the Central Kalimantan Provincial Government is still premature in an effort to develop ecotourism in its territory. This is indicated by the lack of explanation about ecotourism specifically the absence of a policy on tourist education, awareness and conservation participation by tourists. There is only a policy of improving the local economy which is very prominent in Central Kalimantan’s RIPPARPROV.

The development of a coherent and coordinated policy for the management of large socio-agricultural systems, such as the Mekong delta in southern Vietnam, is reliant on aligning the development, delivery, and implementation of policy on national to local scales. Effective decision making is linked to a coherent, broadly-shared vision of the strategic management of socio-agricultural systems. However, when policies are ambiguous, and at worst contradictory, long-term management and planning can consequently suffer. These potential adverse impacts may be compounded if stakeholders have divergent visions of the current and future states of socio-agricultural systems. Herein we used a transferable, scenario-based methodology which uses a standard quadrant matrix in order to explore both anticipated and idealized future states. Our case study was the Mekong delta. The scenario matrix was based upon two key strategic choices (axis) for the delta, derived from analysis of policy documents, literature, stakeholder engagement, and land use models. These are: (i) who will run agriculture in the future, agri-business or the established commune system, and (ii) to what degree sustainability will be incorporated into production. During a workshop meeting, stakeholders identified that agri-business will dominate future agricultural production in the delta but showed a clear concern that sustainability might consequently be undermined despite policy claims of the contrary. As such, our study highlights an important gap between national expectations and regional perspectives. Our results suggest that the new development plans for the Mekong delta (which comprise a new Master Plan and a new 5-year socio-economic development plan), which emphasize agro-business development, should adopt approaches that address concerns of sustainability as well as a more streamlined policy formulation and implementation that accounts for stakeholder concerns at both provincial and national levels.

The formation of world-class megalopolises has been a goal of urban development agencies around the world owing to their economic advantages. On their bids of becoming a world-class megalopolis, water availability is a factor that requires consideration. China has set an ambitious goal of developing a world-class megalopolis in the water-scarce Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. This study investigates the water challenge the BTH region faces and the effects of main water conservation measures in the region towards the goal. An inter-city input–output model was constructed for identifying the water gap in the region and analyzing the effectiveness of main water conservation measures under various scenarios. The results indicate a significant gap between the water required to achieve the goal of becoming a world-class megalopolis and the region’s available water resources. Although proposed water conservation measures of improving water use efficiency and reducing agricultural water use provide a modest improvement, the amount of water required for urban development still exceeds the availability. The study emphasizes the significance of agricultural water use reduction in Hebei through crop system replacement from water-intensive winter wheat to water-saving crops. The study also proposes an alternative option of adjusting the development plan through redefining the boundary of the BTH megalopolis by excluding part of cities in Hebei. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the effect of water scarcity on urban development and thus provide references for other water-scarce regions with ambitious urban development goals.

This paper discusses the process of economic growth and urbanization in Malaysia, the contribution of Johor in the nation’s growth and the development of Iskandar Malaysia. First, we explore the range of institutions that engage in urban and regional planning at various level and their respective statutory development plan. Next, we present the contextual of the south Johor particularly Iskandar region and the new administrative of Iskandar Puteri. The development of Iskandar region is intended to benefit all in south Johor and by coordinating the efforts of various Government agencies, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) is helping locals share the benefits of economic growth. Afterwards, we evaluate some issues that have arisen with regard to the physical development and the statutory development plans in Johor and Iskandar region on urbanization and urban growth pattern. From the analysis, we identified that among issues aroused are the absence of urban growth boundary within Iskandar region; land use change and agricultural land encroachment; low density and mixed-use development and environmental change and degradation.