123 results on '"économies"'
Search Results
2. Findings from Ewha Womans University Provide New Insights into Environment and Sustainability Research (Circular Economy of Food: a Secondary Supply Chain Model On Food Waste Management Incorporating Iot Based Technology).
- Subjects
FOOD waste ,WASTE management ,CIRCULAR economy ,FOOD supply ,SUPPLY chains ,FOOD chains ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at Ewha Womans University in Seoul, South Korea, explores the concept of a circular economy of food as a model for managing food waste. The study proposes incorporating IoT-based technology to control food waste at the retail level and recycle it through a secondary supply chain. By optimizing supply chain decisions and adjusting preservation conditions using IoT technology, the study found that the secondary supply chain consumed all food waste, conserved material resources, reduced preservation costs, and enhanced profits. The research offers valuable insights for decision-making in food circular supply chains. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
3. Report Summarizes Environmental Policy Study Findings from Qassim University (Exploring the Role of E-Entrepreneurship in Fostering Future Green Economy and Environmental Policies: A Study on Saudi Women Entrepreneurs).
- Abstract
A study conducted by Qassim University explores the role of e-entrepreneurship in fostering the future green economy and environmental policies, with a specific focus on Saudi women entrepreneurs. The study found that the emergence of digital technologies and the internet has provided new opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, who leverage e-commerce platforms to establish and grow their businesses. The findings reveal that e-entrepreneurship significantly impacts women's entrepreneurial and economic growth, and entrepreneurial self-efficiency mediates this relationship. The study recommends providing financial and technical support to Saudi women entrepreneurs, addressing cultural barriers, and fostering an enabling environment for their entrepreneurial endeavors. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. New Environment and Sustainability Research Findings from National University Outlined (Circular Economy a Push and Pull Mechanism - Recycling Starts Before Purchasing).
- Abstract
A recent research study conducted at National University in Bucharest, Romania, explores the use of circular purchasing in public procurement processes. The study examines the extent to which contracting authorities in Romania have incorporated circular purchasing criteria in their tender documents, particularly in relation to the increased demand for IT equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research findings highlight the importance of incorporating evaluation factors that promote clean and green production, as well as the establishment of a circular economy sales and consumption paradigm. The study utilizes principal component analysis and the Cronbach coefficient alpha to identify the nature and weight of these evaluation factors. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Cleaner Production. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
5. Technologies and logistics for phosphorus recovery from livestock waste.
- Author
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Sampat, Apoorva M., Zavala, Victor M., Martín-Hernández, Edgar, and Martín, Mariano
- Subjects
PHOSPHORUS ,ANIMAL waste ,ALGAL blooms ,MANURES ,EUTROPHICATION ,SUPPLY chains ,RUNOFF & the environment - Abstract
Phosphorus (P) runoff from livestock waste can trigger algal blooms that adversely affect aquatic life and human health. One strategy to mitigate this problem is to install nutrient recovery technologies that concentrate and mobilize nutrients from nutrient-rich regions to nutrient-deficient ones. We present supply chain design formulations to identify optimal types and locations for P recovery technologies. The formulations capture trade-offs in transportation costs, technology efficiency, investment/operational costs, revenue collected from different recovered products (struvite and nutrient cakes), and environmental impact. Our computational framework is used to analyze the impact of different scenarios for market prices of recovered products, recovery yields, and remediation costs. We find that transportation of waste alone (without any processing) can achieve significant reductions in environmental impact at low cost, but cannot achieve economic sustainability in the long run due to the lack of direct revenue streams. Mechanical separation technologies that recover P in the form of nutrient cakes are low-cost solutions that can achieve high environmental benefits and reduced transportation costs, but revenues are also limited due to low values of the cakes. Struvite crystallization in fluidized beds is found to be a highly attractive option under current struvite prices, but economic sustainability is strongly dependent on yield recoveries (which are currently highly uncertain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Investigators at LUT University Describe Findings in Environment and Sustainability Research (External Enablers for the Circular Economy: a Case Study of the Food Packaging Industry).
- Subjects
FOOD packaging ,CIRCULAR economy ,PACKAGING industry ,FOOD industry ,SUSTAINABILITY ,BUSINESS schools - Abstract
Lappeenranta, Finland, Europe, Environment and Sustainability Research, Environment, Economies, Food Packaging Keywords: Lappeenranta; Finland; Europe; Environment and Sustainability Research; Environment; Economies; Food Packaging EN Lappeenranta Finland Europe Environment and Sustainability Research Environment Economies Food Packaging 93 93 1 09/11/23 20230914 NES 230914 2023 SEP 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Data detailed on Environment - Environment and Sustainability Research have been presented. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
7. Pronatal Property Rights over Land and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Ethiopia
- Author
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Niels Kemper, Klaus Deininger, and Daniel Ayalew Ali
- Subjects
ECONOMIC GROWTH ,OWNERSHIP OF LAND ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,Land administration ,Agrarian reform ,FERTILITY BEHAVIOR ,ECONOMIC WELFARE ,WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE ,EXTERNALITIES ,WORLD POPULATION POLICIES ,Economics ,EARLY MARRIAGES ,POLICY MAKERS ,SPILLOVER ,Land tenure ,Socioeconomics ,POPULATION GROWTH ,POPULATION ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ,NUMBER OF CHILDREN ,WORLD POPULATION ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,WOMEN ,MEN ,AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES ,INCENTIVES ,MOTHER ,ENTITLEMENTS ,NEWBORN CHILD ,POPULATION PROBLEM ,WAR ,FERTILITY RATES ,BULLETIN ,ADOPTION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ,FAMILY SIZE ,education ,POLICY DISCUSSIONS ,Development ,DEMOCRACY ,LAND OWNERSHIP ,INHERITANCE ,HUMAN REPRODUCTION ,POLICY CHANGE ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,POPULATION CENSUS ,SCHOOL EXPENDITURES ,AGE ,ENUMERATION AREAS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,RURAL POVERTY ,RURAL AREAS ,FERTILITY ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,FERTILITY RATE ,AGE GROUPS ,NUMBER OF BIRTHS ,PROGRESS ,LABOR MARKET ,ENVIRONMENT ,RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION ,NATURAL RESOURCE ,FAMILY TIES ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,WORKSHOP ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,LAND TENURE ,DEBT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,RATE OF POPULATION GROWTH ,Demographic economics ,PROPERTY ,FAMILY SIZES ,Land reform ,FAMILY MEMBERS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,UNMARRIED WOMEN ,NEWBORN ,Natural experiment ,RESOURCES ,POPULATION CONTROL ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,IMPACT ON FERTILITY ,REPRODUCTIVE DECISIONS ,POPULATION MATTERS ,FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR ,CENSUS DATA ,OLD-AGE ,CENSUS ,FAMILY PLANNING INFORMATION ,FERTILITY PATTERNS ,UNFPA ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,POPULATION POLICIES ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,MARRIAGE ,WOMAN ,ECONOMIES ,CHILD LABOR ,POLICIES ,POLICY ,FAMILY PLANNING ,LARGER FAMILIES ,LAND DEGRADATION ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS ,SEX ,RESPECT ,CHILD WELFARE ,TAXES ,POLITICAL DECISION ,LAND ,Total fertility rate ,Population ,NATURAL RESOURCE BASE ,Fertility ,PUBLIC POLICY ,NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ,FEWER CHILDREN ,POLICY RESEARCH ,EXPENDITURES ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,CHILDBEARING AGE ,CHILDBEARING ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,PEOPLE ,LIFETIME FERTILITY ,POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC RIGHTS ,POPULATION CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,DIVORCE ,RADIO ,ECONOMICS ,MARITAL STATUS ,COMMITTEE ON POPULATION ,LIVE BIRTH ,GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT ,POPULATION SIZE ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,PRESENT VALUE ,CENSUSES - Abstract
This study exploits a natural experiment to investigate the impact of land reform on the fertility outcomes of households in rural Ethiopia. Public policies and customs created a situation where Ethiopian households could influence their usufruct rights to land via a demographic expansion of the family. The study evaluates the impact of the abolishment of these pronatal property rights on fertility outcomes. By matching aggregated census data before and after the reform with administrative data on the reform, a difference-in-differences approach between reform and non-reform districts is used to assess the impact of the reform on fertility outcomes. The impact appears to be large. The study estimates that women in rural areas reduced their life-time fertility by 1.2 children due to the reform. Robustness checks show that the impact estimates are not biased by spillovers or policy endogeneity.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Data on Environmental Impact Discussed by Researchers at Hanyang University (A Review of Plastic Pollution and Their Treatment Technology: a Circular Economy Platform By Thermochemical Pathway).
- Abstract
Keywords: Seoul; South Korea; Asia; Environmental Impact; Economies; Environment; Technology EN Seoul South Korea Asia Environmental Impact Economies Environment Technology 796 796 1 05/29/23 20230602 NES 230602 2023 JUN 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA -- Current study results on Environment - Environmental Impact have been published. Keywords for this news article include: Seoul, South Korea, Asia, Environmental Impact, Economies, Environment, Technology, Hanyang University. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
9. Study Findings on Environmental Health Are Outlined in Reports from Department of Food Technology (Inferences On Bioengineering Perspectives and Circular Economy To Tackle the Emerging Pollutants).
- Abstract
Keywords: Kerala; India; Asia; Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Economies; Environment; Environmental Health; Health and Medicine EN Kerala India Asia Bioengineering Biotechnology Economies Environment Environmental Health Health and Medicine 6342 6342 1 05/15/23 20230519 NES 230519 2023 MAY 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- A new study on Environment - Environmental Health is now available. Kerala, India, Asia, Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Economies, Environment, Environmental Health, Health and Medicine. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
10. New COVID-19 Study Findings Reported from Foreign Trade University (Driving Factors for Green Innovation In Agricultural Production: an Empirical Study In an Emerging Economy).
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,AGRICULTURAL innovations ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,EMERGING markets ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Keywords: Hanoi; Vietnam; Asia; Agricultural; Agriculture; COVID-19; COVID-19 Model; Coronavirus; Disease Model; Economies; Environment; Epidemiology; Farm Operations; Farming; Farming Families; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; Technology; Viral; Virology EN Hanoi Vietnam Asia Agricultural Agriculture COVID-19 COVID-19 Model Coronavirus Disease Model Economies Environment Epidemiology Farm Operations Farming Farming Families RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Technology Viral Virology 2023 MAR 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in Coronavirus - COVID-19. Keywords for this news article include: Hanoi, Vietnam, Asia, Agricultural, Agriculture, COVID-19, COVID-19 Model, Coronavirus, Disease Model, Economies, Environment, Epidemiology, Farm Operations, Farming, Farming Families, RNA Viruses, Risk and Prevention, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Technology, Viral, Virology, Foreign Trade University. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
11. University of Beira Interior Researchers Illuminate Research in COVID-19 (Antecedents of the Sharing Economy in a Pandemic Scenario: Prosocial Attitudes, Past Behaviour and Transformation Expectations).
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,SHARING economy ,COVID-19 ,PANDEMICS ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Economies; Environment; Epidemiology; Health and Medicine; Pandemic; RNA Viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; Viral; Virology EN COVID-19 Coronavirus Economies Environment Epidemiology Health and Medicine Pandemic RNA Viruses SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Virology 2023 FEB 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in COVID-19. COVID-19, Coronavirus, Economies, Environment, Epidemiology, Health and Medicine, Pandemic, RNA Viruses, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Viral, Virology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
12. Republic of Cameroon : Priorities for Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ,PRODUCERS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DRYLANDS ,NATURAL MONOPOLIES ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,TERMS OF TRADE ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,COMPOST ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,TAX REFORMS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,BASIC METALS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,METALS ,MINES ,LABOR COSTS ,UNSAFE DRINKING WATER ,CROPPING SYSTEMS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,INTERMEDIATE GOODS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,OIL RESERVES ,RAINFALL VARIABILITY ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,IMPORT QUOTAS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FISHING GROUNDS ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PUBLIC GOOD ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,ARABLE LAND ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,AUDITS ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,PRICE SETTING ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,CARTELS ,HEALTH PROBLEMS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,OIL SECTOR ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,CONDITIONALITY ,LABOR INPUTS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,POPULATION PRESSURES ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,DEFORESTATION - Abstract
Cameroon is a lower-middle income country with social indicators and levels of poverty which are below those for comparator countries. Large and rising inequalities between north and south, inefficiencies in public resource allocation and an adverse business environment explain this. While insecurity due to Boko Haram activities and rapidly rising public debt constrain efforts at poverty reduction, there exists a huge potential for economic growth and poverty reduction. This potential remains mostly untapped. Realizing it will require far reaching reforms, particularly with respect to the business environment and public financial management, and require politically courage to accomplish. The remainder of this document explores how to achieve the twin goals of ending poverty and improving shared prosperity by 2030 in a sustainable manner. The document identifies a limited number of binding constraints which would need to be lifted to achieve the poverty objective. The next four chapters present background material to chapter six, which presents binding constraints to poverty reduction. The micro-foundations to poverty reduction are discussed in chapters two and three. Chapter two discusses poverty, equity and vulnerability. Chapter three discusses human capital and its role in poverty reduction. Chapter four considers poverty reduction from a macro-economic perspective. It discusses opportunities for growth and economic transformation as well as the status of various cross-cutting economic services. Chapter five, considers governance, fragility and the institutional environment. Binding constraints to sustainable poverty reduction are identified in chapter six.
- Published
- 2016
13. Country Partnership Framework for the Lebanese Republic for the Period FY17-FY22
- Author
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World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,POLICY MAKERS ,EMISSIONS ,LENDING ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,MACROECONOMICS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,POLLUTION ABATEMENT ,WATER POLLUTION ,MUNICIPALITIES ,URBANIZATION ,CROWDING OUT ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEWAGE ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,GLOBAL INTEREST ,OPTIONS ,BANK ,FOSSIL FUELS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,ABATEMENT ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANQUE DU LIBAN ,STRATEGIES ,ELECTION LAW ,WELFARE GAINS ,MODELS ,GARBAGE COLLECTION ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,FINANCE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,HOUSING DEMAND ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,STREAMS ,BANKING ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,ENTERPRISES ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,SERVICES ,INTEREST RATES ,PUBLIC DEBT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,GUARANTEES ,TRADE ,BANKING SECTOR ,EQUILIBRIUM ,SAVING ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMIC RENTS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PUBLIC GOOD ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ,AUDITS ,DEFICITS ,CAPITAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,FOREIGN ASSETS ,BUDGETS ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,VALUE ,RISK ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,CANCER ,INTERNATIONAL RESERVES ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,FISCAL POLICY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,LEGISLATION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,MICROFINANCE ,NEW ENTRANTS ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,SUBSIDIARY ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,HOUSING ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,INTEREST ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ,WATER SUPPLY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,WATER USE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,REAL SECTOR ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,TRAFFIC CONGESTION ,TRUST FUNDS ,CPI ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK - Abstract
This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) presents the World Bank Group (WBG) program and the associated results framework for Lebanon for the period FY17-FY22. In a fragile and conflict-prone environment, this CPF aims at mitigating the immediate, and potentially long-lasting impact of the Syria crisis on Lebanon, while strengthening state institutions, addressing existing vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term development challenges, all through interventions that foster inclusion and shared prosperity. The CPF will work through two focus areas as a way to renew the social contract between the state and the citizens: (i) expand access to and quality of service delivery; and (ii) expand economic opportunities and increase human capital. Through these two focus areas, the WBG will help Lebanon mitigate the economic and social impact of the Syria crisis, safeguard the country’s development gains, and enhance the prospects for stability and development in the coming years. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF will contribute to strengthening the relationship between the state and its citizens, a critical ingredient for peace and stability. The CPF benefited from a series of stakeholder consultations, including those held in connection with the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and the WBG Gender Strategy.
- Published
- 2016
14. Malaysia Economic Monitor, June 2016 : Leveraging Trade Agreements
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,REAL INCOME ,INVESTMENT ,MARKET POWER ,INTERMEDIATE INPUTS ,VALUE ADDED ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,NATURAL MONOPOLIES ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION ,ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM ,TARIFF BARRIERS ,INFLATION ,TERMS OF TRADE ,EXTERNALITIES ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,POPULATION GROWTH ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,EXPORT GROWTH ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,CROWDING OUT ,COMPETITIVENESS ,COMPETITION POLICY ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ,GOVERNMENT BONDS ,OPTIONS ,BONDS ,DISTRIBUTION ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,GOODS ,ANTITRUST LAW ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,METALS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS ,DEVELOPMENT ,FISH ,VARIABLE COSTS ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,DISTORTIONARY EFFECTS ,DEREGULATION ,EMPIRICAL STUDIES ,PRODUCTION ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,MONETARY POLICY ,DEFICIT FINANCING ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,CONSUMPTION ,LIQUIDITY ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,TRENDS ,DEBT ,RISKS ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENDANGERED SPECIES ,SUPPLY ,PRICE CHANGES ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,AGRICULTURE ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,SURCHARGES ,FREE TRADE ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,WTO ,GDP ,COAL ,EVALUATION CRITERIA ,PORTFOLIO ,CAPITAL ,BANKRUPTCY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,UTILITY ,VALUE ,EXPORTS ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,ECONOMIC INFORMATION ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,CARTELS ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,FISCAL POLICY ,OIL PRICES ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,FORECASTS ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,LAND ,ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ,EFFICIENCY ,MERGERS ,CAPITAL GOODS ,ECONOMY ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,COMPETITION ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,SECURITIES ,FISCAL POLICIES ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,INPUTS ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,CPI ,ECONOMIC RESEARCH ,DIMINISHING RETURNS ,FISHERIES - Abstract
The MEM is the World Bank's biannual flagship publication on Malaysia. It provides analysis of recent economic developments and the near-term outlook for Malaysia. Each publication also focuses on a special topic related to Malaysia's transformation into a high-income economy. Malaysia is at the forefront of a "new generation" of trade agreements that will shape trade and investment over the next decade. The 14th MEM focuses on how Malaysia can use trade agreements to bring new opportunities to the Malaysian economy and accelerate its transition to high income status.
- Published
- 2016
15. Republic of Mozambique : Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,MARKET POWER ,MARKET COMPETITION ,MARGINAL PRODUCT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DURABLE GOODS ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,LOGGING ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,LAND USE ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INPUT PRICES ,VALUES ,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,TAX REFORMS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,FOSSIL FUELS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,METALS ,MINES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,CAPITAL GAINS ,SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,WELFARE EFFECTS ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,TRADE ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PUBLIC GOOD ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRADEOFFS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,CARBON ,COAL ,PRIVATE PROPERTY ,EVALUATION CRITERIA ,COMMERCIAL FISHING ,EFFECTIVE USE ,CONSUMER SATISFACTION ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,TARIFFS ,SUBSISTENCE LIVELIHOODS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,DRINKING WATER QUALITY ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ,EFFICIENCY ,NATURAL RESOURCE BASE ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,ECONOMISTS ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,COMMERCIAL FISHERIES ,SECURITIES ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FISCAL POLICIES ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,AIR QUALITY ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,COAL PRICES ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,REVENUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,DIMINISHING RETURNS ,PRESENT VALUE ,DEFORESTATION ,PRODUCTION PATTERNS ,FISHERIES - Abstract
This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) is designed to assess the key constraints and opportunities facing Mozambique as it strives to sustain robust growth and macroeconomic stability while accelerating poverty reduction and promoting greater economic inclusiveness. The SCD is organized into six chapters. Chapter two describes the evolution of poverty and inequality, explores their regional and demographic dimensions, and identifies strategies for accelerating poverty reduction. Chapter three analyzes key economic constraints and opportunities, identifying the drivers of recent growth, describing developments in the real sector and assessing emerging challenges associated with the rise of the extractive industries. Chapter four examines the inclusiveness of growth, presenting an in-depth analysis of the labor market, the social sectors and the ongoing urbanization process. Chapter five discusses fiscal, institutional, political, social and environmental risks to the sustainability of growth and poverty reduction. Chapter six completes the analysis by identifying a set of priority objectives for accelerating progress on the World Bank’s twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.
- Published
- 2016
16. Energy Sector Experience of Output-Based Aid
- Author
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Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid
- Subjects
RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ,INVESTMENT ,CITIES ,RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ,APPROACH ,PROJECTS ,DESIGN ,ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ,SOLAR POWER ,WATER ,POLICY MAKERS ,POPULATION GROWTH ,RURAL TRANSFORMATION ,PILOT PROJECTS ,RENEWABLE ENERGY ,INVESTMENTS ,ACCESS TO ENERGY ,VALUES ,ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ,URBANIZATION ,ELECTRIFICATION ,POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,GAS ,ELECTRIC POWER ,BALANCE ,ACTIVITIES ,SOLAR HOME SYSTEM ,GENERATION CAPACITY ,BIOGAS ,HEALTH ,FLUORESCENT LAMP ,INTERVENTIONS ,GREENHOUSE GAS ,CLEANER ENERGY ,ENERGY SOURCE ,CLEANER ,ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ,TARIFF ,HYDROPOWER ,GAS SUPPLY ,DISTRIBUTION GRID ,SUBSIDIES ,MARKETS ,DEMAND FOR ENERGY ,COST OF ELECTRICITY ,PRICES ,PUBLIC UTILITIES ,RURAL AREAS ,POWER GRID ,ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ,NATIONAL INCOME ,ENVIRONMENT ,HOUSEHOLD ,SERVICES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,TRADE ,TENANCY ,MARKET ,GAS PRICES ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,ENERGY STRATEGY ,SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS ,GENERATION ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,SLUM ,ENERGY MIX ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,GENERATING CAPACITY ,ENERGY PRODUCTION ,URBAN POPULATION ,RURAL ECONOMIES ,POWER SECTOR ,RURAL ENERGY ,ELECTRICITY ,SERVICE ,BIOMASS ,CARBON ,ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ,ENERGY ,ACCESS ROADS ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ,TARIFFS ,EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ,ENERGY RESOURCES ,COMMUNITY ,SAFETY ,EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT ,HOUSEHOLDS ,PRICE ,EQUITY ,PROJECT ,COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,GRID ELECTRICITY ,TRAINING ,FUELS ,CLEAN ENERGY ,PARTICIPATION ,POWER ,SOLAR PANELS ,POWER SHORTAGES ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,POWER GENERATION ,SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ,CREDIT ,KEROSENE ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,NATURAL GAS ,UTILITIES ,POWER CORPORATION ,SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE ,GRID ELECTRIFICATION ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,WIND ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,VALUE OF ENERGY ,GRID EXTENSION ,COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ,ENERGY SOURCES ,URBAN AREAS ,GENDER ,SLUMS ,BATTERIES ,COMMUNITIES ,TARIFF LEVELS ,RURAL ELECTRIFICATION - Abstract
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) placed access to basic services at the center of international development in 2016-2030. Out of 17 goals, five address the access of poor people to basic services: to health in SDG3, to education in SDG4, and SDG5, to water and sanitation in SDG6, to energy in SDG7, and to urban services in SDG11. The mutually reinforcing relationship between electricity access, economic development, and poverty reduction is well established. The SDGs framed access to basic services as a matter of dignity. The SDG synthesis report promotes self-reliance of developing countries rather than just the North-to-South aid, as the challenge of poverty and exclusion extends beyond charity to the hungry and the most deprived. Directly or otherwise, access to electricity results in progress in all dimensions of human welfare and development including education, health care, access to water, essential communications and information as well as simple financial transactional services, income generation, and environmental sustainability. Also, a positive relationship can be seen between electricity access and the human development index (HDI).
- Published
- 2016
17. Country Partnership Framework for Sri Lanka for the Period FY17-FY20
- Author
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World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,INVESTMENT ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASINS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,WATER POLLUTION ,GUARANTEE AGENCY ,CROWDING OUT ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,GLOBAL INTEREST ,OPTIONS ,GUARANTEE ,LAND RECLAMATION ,BANK ,FOSSIL FUELS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,WATER BASINS ,OPEC ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,TAX REFORM ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,COOPERATION ,ENTERPRISES ,CARBON EMISSIONS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,DRINKING WATER ,DEFICIT FINANCING ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EMISSION REDUCTIONS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,RECLAMATION ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,COAL ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,CARBON DIOXIDE ,ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,RESOURCE USE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,ENTERPRISE ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,SECURITIES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,LABOR MARKETS ,REDUCING EMISSIONS ,FORESTRY ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,TRADE TAXES ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,CPI ,DEFORESTATION ,PRODUCTION PATTERNS ,FISHERIES ,ADVISORY SERVICES - Abstract
The new Country Partnership Framework (CPF or framework) presents the engagement of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Sri Lanka over the next four years (fiscal years 2017-20 (FY17–20)). The CPF aims to support the achievement of some of the government’s medium-term goals in areas that are critical for reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, and that are consistent with the WBG’s comparative advantage. Notably, the CPF provides the framework for engagement in several key policy areas. Following presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the new coalition government, the National Government of Consensus, has set out an ambitious vision for Sri Lanka. It focuses on supporting job creation in the private sector, advancing the country’s global integration, improving governance, enhancing human development and social inclusion, and balancing development with environmental conservation. The vision has been captured in the Prime Minister’s Economic Policy Statement of November 5, 2015. The new government’s development agenda is well aligned with the findings of the 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Sri Lanka. The SCD identified the most critical constraints and opportunities facing Sri Lanka in accelerating progress toward the twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The analysis concluded that key priorities are to address the country’s fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges, as well as cross-cutting governance and social, economic, and environmental sustainability challenges. The CPF is anchored in this analysis.
- Published
- 2016
18. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq : Reforming the Economy for Shared Prosperity and Protecting the Vulnerable
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,PRICE SUBSIDIES ,RIVER BASINS ,BARLEY ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,LOGGING ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WATER POLLUTION ,CROWDING OUT ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,WILLINGNESS TO PAY ,POLICY DECISIONS ,ENTITLEMENTS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,WATER BASINS ,PROPERTY VALUES ,WELFARE GAINS ,PUBLIC GOVERNANCE ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO SAVE ,TAX REFORM ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,OIL RESERVES ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,SUSTAINABLE WATER ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,AQUIFERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,COST SAVINGS ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PUBLIC GOOD ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,POLLUTERS ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,AUDITS ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,TARIFFS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,OIL PRICES ,INDUSTRIAL WATER ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,CERTAIN EXTENT ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CONTINUOUS MONITORING ,RECYCLING ,CAPITAL GOODS ,OIL SECTOR ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,IMMUNITY ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,SECURITIES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR MARKETS ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,PRICE CEILINGS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,POPULATION DYNAMICS ,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,CPI ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS - Abstract
The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is a constitutionally recognized semiautonomous region in northern Iraq. Its government, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), based in Erbil, has the right, under the Iraqi constitution of 2005, to exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers according to the constitution, except in what is listed therein as exclusive powers of the federal authorities. The Iraqi constitution defines the Kurdistan Region as a federal entity of Iraq. KRG has a parliamentary democracy with a regional assembly that consists of 111 seats. KRI has been largely immune to the insecurity and conflict witnessed elsewhere in Iraq, especially following the 2003 Iraq War. KRG is facing a wide range of immediate and medium to longer-term challenges that are intrinsically linked to the overall macroeconomic situation of Iraq as well as the regional and global environment. The immediate challenge consists in coping with (a) the deep fiscal crisis, and (b) the security and social problems brought about by the conflict with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group and the resulting influx of Syrian refugees and Iraqi Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). These challenges are clearly immediate priorities for the KRG, and will bear significant repercussions nationally and internationally if inadequately addressed. The medium to longer-term challenges pertain to moderating dependence on the oil sector and transforming the KRI economy into a diversified one that supports private sector-led economic growth and job creation in a sustainable manner.
- Published
- 2016
19. Country Partnership Framework for Montenegro for the Period FY16-FY20
- Author
-
World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Subjects
GENDER GAP ,INVESTMENT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ,FAMILIES ,DEPOSIT ,ETHNIC MINORITIES ,FINANCING ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INVESTMENTS ,HOUSEHOLD WELFARE ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,GUARANTEE AGENCY ,WOMEN ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ,INCENTIVES ,DEBT SERVICE ,OPTIONS ,DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ,GUARANTEE ,POLITICAL ECONOMIES ,FINANCIAL MARKET ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,BANK ,LOANS ,METALS ,BRIBES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MORTGAGE ,MODELS ,MIGRANT WORKERS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,STUDENTS ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,GENDER GAPS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,WELFARE ,NEW MARKET ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,LABOR MARKET ,ENTERPRISES ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MONETARY POLICY ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,INEQUITABLE ACCESS ,HOUSEHOLD ,CONSUMPTION ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,ARREARS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,GUARANTEES ,TRADE ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES ,PAYMENTS ,MINORITY POPULATIONS ,LOAN REPAYMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,DISABLED ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ,PROPERTY ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,EQUALITY ,PROFITABILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,EXTERNAL SHOCKS ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,CREDIT CRUNCH ,CARBON ,OPERATIONAL COSTS ,COAL ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ,CAPITAL ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,FINANCES ,SECURITY ,WETLANDS ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ACCESS TO EDUCATION ,ECONOMIES ,GENDER SEGREGATION ,ENTERPRISE ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,ENDOWMENTS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ECONOMIC REFORM ,EXCHANGE RATE ,INVESTMENT DECISIONS ,REVENUE ,HOUSEHOLDS ,DIVERSIFICATION ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,CURRENT ACCOUNT ,BANKS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,RECYCLING ,UNION ,BORROWING ,PRIVATIZATION ,BUSINESS CONFIDENCE ,LOAN ,POLICY DESIGN ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,FINANCING COSTS ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,TAX LEGISLATION ,PEOPLE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,HEAVY METALS ,LIMITED ACCESS ,FISCAL POLICIES ,GENDER ISSUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ,ENROLLMENT ,REPAYMENT ,EXPECTATIONS ,REAL ESTATE ,GENDER EQUALITY ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,INTEREST ,CORRUPTION ,JOB CREATION ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,LOAN-TO-DEPOSIT RATIO ,CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,IDENTITY DOCUMENTS ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,FINANCING NEEDS ,URBAN AREAS ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,MARKET ECONOMY ,GENDER ,EXPENDITURE ,ADVISORY SERVICES - Abstract
The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Montene gro covers the period from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020 (fiscal years 2016-2020). This CPF builds on the results and lessons of the previous World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), which originally covered the period July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2014, and was subsequently extended to June 30, 2015.The one-year CPS) extension was intended to provide greater clarity on the country’s medium-term macro-fiscal framework as a basis for the new CPF, and to give additional time to make progress on improving environmental management, a key pillar of the CPS. The new CPF seeks to address the top priorities identified by the recently completed Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) as those that Montenegro needs to most urgently tackle to advance in its path towards shared prosperity and sustainable development. The CPF will selectively support Montenegro’s development agenda outlined in the Montenegro Development Directions (MDD) 2015-2018, Economic Reform program (ERP) 2015-2017 and the Montenegro European Union (EU) Accession Program 2014-17. The WBG strategy will continue to support, and be aligned with, Montenegro’s EU accession and integration process. The formulation of the new CPF benefitted from extensive consultations held in October 2015 and in January and March 2016, and involving several line ministries, municipalities, civil society, academia, and private sector across various regions of the country, as well as representatives of the international development community. The resulting proposal for engagement under the FY16-20 CPF reflects a broad consensus of a wide range of stakeholders and a shared understanding of development priorities and challenges facing the country.
- Published
- 2016
20. Systematic Country Diagnostic for Uzbekistan
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,TAX RATES ,INVESTMENT ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASINS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PRICE DIFFERENCES ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,OUTCOMES ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,COMPETITIVENESS ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,DISTRIBUTION ,WILLINGNESS TO PAY ,POLICY DECISIONS ,METALS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,MARGINAL COST ,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ,DEVELOPMENT ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,PURCHASING POWER ,NATIONAL INCOME ,WELFARE ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,STRUCTURAL CHANGE ,COMPLIANCE COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,RISKS ,TRADE ,ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ,EQUILIBRIUM ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES ,CENTRAL BANK ,AGRICULTURE ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRADEOFFS ,GROSS NATIONAL SAVINGS ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,WTO ,GDP ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ,CAPITAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,EXCHANGE ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,USE VALUE ,GROWTH POTENTIAL ,VALUE ,EXPORTS ,RESOURCE USE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,TARIFFS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,LAND RESOURCES ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,CERTAIN EXTENT ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,ECONOMY ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,BENEFITS ,WATER PRICING ,MACROECONOMIC FORECASTING ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,INCOME GROUPS ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,CPI ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) explores how Uzbekistan can consolidate its recent achievements and accelerate progress on the twin goals of eradicating extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. The SCD is organized into five chapters. Chapter one frames the issues of poverty reduction and shared prosperity, and situates them in the context of Uzbekistan’s recent development. It reviews the status and drivers of progress in these areas, identifies analytical constraints, and highlights areas for further study. Chapter two describes the necessary conditions for sustaining rapid economic growth and robust quality job creation. It underscores the importance of expanding private-sector participation and investment in key economic sectors. Chapter three considers how a well-functioning labor market and access to essential public services can enhance the inclusiveness of growth. Chapter four analyzes threats to the sustainability of Uzbekistan’s recent gains over both the medium and the long term. Chapter five concludes by examining the constraints to growth and development revealed by the analysis, and it proposes a framework for prioritizing policy actions designed to address them.
- Published
- 2016
21. Country Partnership Framework for Uzbekistan for the Period FY16-FY20
- Author
-
World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,RIVER BASINS ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,TRADE UNIONS ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,TERMS OF TRADE ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,LAND USE ,INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,ACCOUNTING POLICIES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,QUOTAS ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,IMPORT TARIFFS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,AUDITING ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,EQUITY INVESTMENTS ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,STRATEGIES ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,PENSIONS ,SUBSIDIES ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,FISH ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,RETIREMENT ,NATIONAL INCOME ,SUSTAINABLE WATER ,ENTERPRISES ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,DRINKING WATER ,SEWERAGE SERVICES ,INCOME TAXES ,SERVICES ,PRICING ,URBAN GROWTH ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,CREDIT RISK ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,GUARANTEES ,TRADE ,BANKING SECTOR ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,SAVING ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,EXCISE TAXES ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,PROFITABILITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,AUDITS ,DEFICITS ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,PRIVATE BANKS ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,TAXATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,WETLANDS ,DEMONSTRATION EFFECTS ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,TARIFFS ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,CABINET OF MINISTERS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,PERSONAL INCOME TAXES ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,CERTAIN EXTENT ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,BANKS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CONTINUOUS MONITORING ,MIGRATION ,PRIVATIZATION ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,MICROFINANCE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,SUPERVISORY FRAMEWORK ,AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,HOUSING ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,INTEREST ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,WATER SUPPLY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,WATER USE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,REAL SECTOR ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,LOCAL LAWS ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,ADB ,HEALTH SERVICES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,SUBSIDIARIES ,CPI ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY ,OPERATING COSTS - Abstract
This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) covers the five-year period FY16-20. Anchored in the government’s medium-term development plan as outlined in a January 2015 Cabinet of Ministers Program of Action, it also reflects the analysis and recommendations of the World Bank Group’s (WBG) 2015 Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Uzbekistan and the lessons learned from the Completion Report of the previous CPS. The CPF’s objectives and program, which focus on developing the conditions for faster job creation, are consistent with the WBG’s twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The Uzbekistan Systemic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identified ten priority areas that would need to be addressed to eliminate poverty, boost shared prosperity, and enable Uzbekistan to reach upper middle-income status. The government’s strategic objectives are for Uzbekistan to achieve upper middleincome status by 2030, implying income growth averaging 6 percent annually, and in particular to create 500,000 jobs annually. Building country systems for statistical, fiduciary, safeguard, and statistical capacity underlie the foundation of this CPF. The CPF program will remain flexible as circumstances change and new opportunities may arise.
- Published
- 2016
22. World Bank's Experience with Structural Reforms for Growth and Development
- Author
-
Swaroop, Vinaya
- Subjects
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL FLOWS ,PRICE SUBSIDIES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,COMMODITIES ,SHAREHOLDERS ,FINANCE CORPORATION ,DOMESTIC PRICE ,INFLATION ,COMMODITY ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,FISCAL DEFICIT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,MACROECONOMICS ,INVESTMENTS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,GOVERNMENTS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,DEMOCRACIES ,FINANCIAL RESTRUCTURING ,TAX REFORMS ,CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCES ,RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,FOREIGN FINANCING ,FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ,RAPID GROWTH ,FINANCIAL DEEPENING ,TRANSPARENCY ,EMERGING MARKETS ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,BORROWERS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,CLIENT COUNTRIES ,LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES ,FINANCE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,FOREIGN CAPITAL FLOWS ,PRICES ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,TRANSFERS ,DEREGULATION ,MARKET EFFICIENCY ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,SPECULATIVE BUBBLES ,IMPORT QUOTAS ,ENTERPRISES ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,SERVICES ,INTEREST RATES ,REFORM PROGRAM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,TRADE ,SAVING ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,REFORM PROGRAMS ,MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,CARBON ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION ,BUSINESS INVESTMENT ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,DEFICITS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,EXCHANGE ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,LIBERALIZATION ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,SECURITY ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,BANK FAILURES ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,PRICE ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GRANTS ,EFFICIENCY ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,COMPETITION ,PRIVATIZATION ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMODITY PRICES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,GROWTH RATE ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,NATURAL RESOURCE SCARCITY ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES ,CONDITIONALITY ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,EXPOSURE ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES ,HOUSING ,ECONOMICS ,BARRIERS ,INTEREST ,JOB CREATION ,PRICE DISTORTIONS ,FINANCIAL DEREGULATION ,SUBSIDY ,TRANSPORT ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,INTEREST RATE ,ACCOUNTABILITY - Abstract
The World Bank Group has come a long way in supporting structural reforms in its member countries. The most remarkable feature of its long 35 years and continuing journey has been its ability to listen, learn and adjust over time. It learnt relatively quickly that reform ownership is a necessary requirement for countries to support and sustain reforms. At the same time, it realized that reform implementation critically depends on credible institutions and good governance, which are frequently missing in its member countries, particularly the low-income ones. It also noted that over time the structure of reforms for promoting growth and development evolves, reflecting both changes in internal country conditions and a changing global environment. These important realizations are reflected in the evolution of the World Bank Group’s policies and practice for supporting structural reforms, and help sustain a culture of learning from experience.
- Published
- 2016
23. Country Partnership Framework for Bulgaria for the Period FY17-FY22
- Author
-
World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- Subjects
ADVISORY WORK ,ADVISORY SERVICE ,PRODUCERS ,INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL FLOWS ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BANKING SUPERVISION ,HOUSEHOLD INCOMES ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,DEPOSIT ,FINANCING ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,MARKET LIBERALIZATION ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,DEPOSIT INSURANCE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,LIQUIDITY CRISIS ,INVESTMENTS ,EMISSIONS REDUCTION ,VALUES ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,GUARANTEE AGENCY ,WOMEN ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,GUARANTEE ,BANK ,LOANS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANKING CRISIS ,MODELS ,ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,GENDER GAPS ,DEPOSITS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,TIMBER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,WELFARE ,COOPERATION ,LABOR MARKET ,INDEBTEDNESS ,ENTERPRISES ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,HOME OWNERS ,HOUSEHOLD ,CONSUMPTION ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,EARLY CHILDHOOD ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,TRADE ,EMISSION REDUCTIONS ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,GENDER ASSESSMENT ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,PAYMENTS ,GOVERNMENT POLICIES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,INEQUALITY ,EQUALITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,NATIONAL BANK ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,EXCLUSION ,CAPITAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,INCOME TAX ,SECURITY ,VULNERABLE PEOPLE ,ECONOMIES ,QUALITY ASSESSMENT ,TARIFFS ,ENDOWMENTS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,STUDENT ,KEY CHALLENGES ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,FAMILY ,ACCESS TO SERVICES ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EXCHANGE RATE ,EDUCATION SYSTEM ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EMISSION REDUCTION ,REVENUE ,HOUSEHOLDS ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,CURRENT ACCOUNT ,BANKS ,SOCIAL FUND ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,UNION ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,PROFITS ,LOAN ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,PEOPLE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,BANK DEPOSIT ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,CONDITIONALITY ,LIMITED ACCESS ,ENROLLMENT ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,REAL ESTATE ,STATIONARY SOURCES ,INVESTMENT BANK ,FAMILY SUPPORT ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,GENDER EQUALITY ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,INTEREST ,AIR QUALITY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,CPI ,URBAN AREAS ,MARKET ECONOMY ,GENDER ,FISHERIES ,ADVISORY SERVICES - Abstract
This program document presents the World Bank Group (WBG) FY17-22 Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Bulgaria. The timing of the new CPF follows the preparation of theSystematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) prepared in FY15, and informs the areas and objectives ofthe CPF in support of the WBG’s twin goals to reduce poverty and boost shared prosperity1 for the bottom forty percent of the population. The CPF proposes to focus WBG support in selective areas aligned with the SCD, in response to clear Government demand, supporting and complementing Bulgaria’s European Union agenda, and reflecting the WBG’s comparative advantage. In addition, the CPF applies two key principles for engagement, including: (i) realism, recognizing that the WBG plays a selective role and that it will contribute most effectively by being strategic and catalytic in supporting key elements of Bulgaria’s development agenda, and (ii) scalability, creating opportunities to engage in dialogue and analytical work that may create space for broader engagement in areas where there is potential for transformational impact, including IFC investments in private sector development. Government demand is focused primarily on the agenda to strengthen public institutions, notably in the financial and energy sectors. The WBG will complement that focus by investing its own resources to stay engaged in the inclusion agenda, which is critical to the WBG twin goals. CPF proposes to cover a six year period, with Progress Learning Reviews (PLRs) will facilitate a more proactive approach to monitoring results and ensure close alignment with the country-led strategy.
- Published
- 2016
24. Armenia : Strategic Mineral Sector Sustainability Assessment
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ENVIRONMENTAL TAX ,EITI ,LOGGING ,EXTERNALITIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,GEOLOGICAL DATA ,VALUES ,LAND-USE CONFLICT ,ACID ROCK DRAINAGE ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,WATER POLLUTION ,OIL ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,LAND RECLAMATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ,FOSSIL FUELS ,REFRIGERATION ,POLICY DECISIONS ,METALS ,MINES ,WATER BASINS ,EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES ,MINERAL SECTORS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,MINING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,SUBSIDIES ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TOXIC SUBSTANCES ,EXPLOITATION ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,GEOLOGY ,MINING SECTOR ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PROVEN RESERVES ,UPSTREAM SOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ,CLOSURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES ,RECLAMATION ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,TAILINGS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,PASTURES ,BENEFIT STREAMS ,EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES ,CARBON ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,COAL ,PRIVATE PROPERTY ,MULTIPLIERS ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,MINING POLICY ,RESOURCE USE ,WETLANDS ,COPPER SMELTERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,CANCER ,ARD ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ,AIR POLLUTION ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,ARSENIC ,TAXES ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,RECYCLING ,OIL SECTOR ,CARBON TAXES ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,ECONOMISTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,CERCLA ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE ,OLD MINES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,HEAVY METALS ,ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES ,ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,TAILINGS MANAGEMENT ,AIR QUALITY ,EI ,ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,REVENUES ,MINERAL RIGHTS ,PUBLIC HEARINGS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,DEFORESTATION ,MINERAL SECTOR ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS - Abstract
This report provides a review of the Armenian mining sector, and assesses its potential to contribute to sustainable economic growth and development. Based on the findings, it provides recommendations for initiatives and actions for the future development of the sector. The report was produced in the period October 2015 to April 2016. It was commissioned by the World Bank with the aim to assist the Armenian government to gain a better understanding of key social and environmental challenges and future opportunities for the Armenian Mining Sector; and to support the development of a minerals strategy which is line with international good practices and which contributes to sustainable development. The findings are based on: desktop reviews of existing documents; a large number of meetings and interviews with affected and interested stakeholders; field work performed in the main mining districts of Armenia; stakeholder workshops. Comments, suggestions and corrections on a draft version of this report has been provided by representatives of the GoA, and the World Bank. Further, oversight and feedback was continuously provided by representatives of the World Bank.
- Published
- 2016
25. Zambia Mining Investment and Governance Review
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,ECONOMIC FACTORS ,SOCIAL PROGRAMS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET REVENUES ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ,FINANCING ,STATE OWNERSHIP ,LAND USE ,INVESTMENT CAPITAL ,GEOLOGICAL DATA ,INDEPENDENCE ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,OVERSIGHT ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,MINISTRIES ,ROYALTY ,GOVERNMENTS ,STATE REGULATION ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,SOCIAL SECTOR ,METALS ,MINES ,STATE REVENUE ,TAX COLLECTION ,AUTHORITIES ,REHABILITATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTS ,SOCIAL RETURNS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,SUBSIDIES ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,PRICES ,POLITICAL RISKS ,TAX POLICY ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,STREAMS ,ENVIRONMENTAL BONDS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,LEGAL PROVISION ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,NATIONALS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FISCAL ,TAX RETURNS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,FORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,BUDGET EXPENDITURES ,PROPERTY ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REPRESENTATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ,DISCLOSURE ,RESOURCES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,AUTHORITY ,ENFORCEMENT ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TAX INCENTIVES ,COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,FINANCIAL INTERESTS ,AUDITS ,TAX REGIME ,DISCRETIONARY POWERS ,TAXATION ,STATE PARTICIPATION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,TAX PAYMENTS ,ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS ,ECONOMIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,REGIONS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,STATE ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,LEGAL PROVISIONS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,REGULATION ,POLICY CONTROL ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GOVERNMENT ,LAND ,NATIONAL POLICY ,EFFICIENCY ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,PROFITS ,CREDIT ,TAX REVENUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,LEGISLATION ,EXPECTATIONS ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,RESPONSIBILITY ,FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,SOCIAL MITIGATION ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,AUDIT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAW ,EXPENDITURE ,TAX SYSTEM - Abstract
The Zambia Mining Investment and Governance Review (MInGov) collects and shares information on mining sector governance, its attractiveness to investors and how its activities affect national development. It reviews sector performance from the perspective of three main stakeholder groups– government, investors in the mining value chain and civil society – and identifies gaps between declared and actual government policy and practice. The review's key findings are: Performance across the value chain is strongest in topics most closely associated with mining and which are related to the content of laws and regulations, though implementation of these is wanting in some instances; Sector development is constrained by a number of bottlenecks; According to investors, a number of areas are constraining mining investment and returns; The three key stakeholder groups agree on a number of topics they believe are particularly important to strengthen sector governance, investment and development impact; Civil society believes there is a number of weaknesses sector governance, including the poor handling of environment and social impacts of mining; problems with human rights associated with the sector; ineffective development planning as it relates to mining; issues concerning land access, compensation and resettlement; and the absence of revenue sharing between national and local government.MInGov’s methodology focuses on the status of governance and investment conditions in the mining sector from the perspective of stakeholders, and as reported in primary and secondary sources. However, less-well covered areas include the quality of its infrastructure services, the security of property from theft, the underlying strength of institutions, and ways to enhance mining’s contribution to local and national development.This report presents data on mining investment and governance indicators for Zambia that are current as of October 2015.
- Published
- 2016
26. Capturing the Co-Benefits of Disaster Risk Management on the Private Sector Side
- Author
-
Rose, Adam
- Subjects
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL DECISIONS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,NO‐REGRETS” STRATEGY ,ALLOCATION ,HURRICANE ,EXTREME EVENTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,COMMON PROPERTY ,RISK AVERSION ,EMISSIONS ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,INVESTMENTS ,INSURANCE POLICIES ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,SUBSTITUTION ,OIL ,RE‐INSURANCE ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,FINANCIAL LOSSES ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,ELECTRIC UTILITIES ,REBATES ,ABATEMENT ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,POWER STATIONS ,MODELS ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ,MARKETS ,FINANCE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,HAZARDOUS WASTES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,COST ANALYSIS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,SPILLOVER EFFECTS ,DECISION‐MAKING ,TAX REDUCTION ,ENVIRONMENT ,OFFSETS ,MONETARY POLICY ,DRINKING WATER ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DISCOUNT RATE ,DEBT ,MARKET FAILURE ,TRADE ,ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ,EQUILIBRIUM ,MARKET ,SUPPLY ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ENVIRONMENTS ,PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PUBLIC GOOD ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRADEOFFS ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,STORMS ,CARBON ,CLIMATE VARIABILITY ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,REPLACEMENT COSTS ,HURRICANES ,UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES ,MULTIPLIERS ,VALUE ,COMMERCIAL FISHING ,ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ,WETLANDS ,EQUITY IMPLICATIONS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,POLLUTION TAXES ,ECONOMIES ,LAND‐USE ,ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,POLICIES ,ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,POLICY ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES ,COST‐EFFECTIVENESS ,NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES ,INVESTMENT DECISIONS ,ENERGY USE ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ,PRICE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GREENHOUSE GASES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,BENEFIT‐COST ANALYSIS ,CARBON TAXES ,PROFITS ,CREDIT ,TAX REVENUES ,EXPENDITURES ,IMPORTS ,MARKET INTEREST RATE ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,BENEFITS ,COST‐SAVINGS ,DAMAGES ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,PRIVATE GOODS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,PUBLIC GOODS ,NO‐REGRETS STRATEGY ,CLIMATE ,REVENUES ,INCENTIVE SYSTEMS ,ADVERSE SELECTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,INTEREST RATE ,PRESENT VALUE ,COMMON GOOD ,FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ,FISHERIES - Abstract
In most countries, the private sector owns the vast majority of the buildings and a considerable portion of the infrastructure at risk. However, most investment in disaster risk management is made by the public sector, with the private sector lagging far behind. The situation represents missed opportunities for businesses to capture not only higher levels of the direct benefits of disaster risk management, but also a broader set of co-benefits to themselves and society as a whole. These co-benefits include ways of lowering production costs, improving the health of workers, and contributing to general economic stability. Ironically, many of these co-benefits are more tangible and immediate than ordinary disaster risk management benefits, which may not appear until a disaster has struck many years after the investment has been made. This study analyzes several important facets of private sector investment in disaster risk management, primarily from an economic perspective. It is intended as a first step toward promoting greater investment in disaster risk management by identifying potential co-benefits, explaining why they are not always pursued, and suggesting ways to integrate them into private sector decision-making. The latter includes government incentives, justified on the grounds that many private sector investments have extensive co-benefits, many of which pay dividends to society as a whole.
- Published
- 2016
27. Transforming Vietnamese Agriculture : Gaining More for Less
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,PRODUCERS ,PRICE SUBSIDIES ,BARLEY ,INTERMEDIATE INPUTS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,LOGGING ,ECONOMIC WELFARE ,PRICE DIFFERENCES ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,TERMS OF TRADE ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,ECOSYSTEM HEALTH ,LAND USE ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,WATER POLLUTION ,OIL ,TEMPERATURE CHANGE ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,WILLINGNESS TO PAY ,POLICY DECISIONS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,LABOR COSTS ,AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,ORGANIC WASTES ,WEATHER PATTERNS ,ECOLOGY ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,LAND PRODUCTIVITY ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,ENVIRONMENT ,PRODUCTION OUTPUT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,FARMING COMMUNITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,ENDANGERED SPECIES ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,AGRICULTURAL USES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PUBLIC GOOD ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INPUT USE ,MARKET PRICES ,PASTURES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,COAL ,ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ,WETLANDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ,TARIFFS ,CANCER ,EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,DIRECTIONAL FLOW ,LAND DEGRADATION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,FIXED COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,FISHERS ,CENTRAL PLANNING ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,POLICY INSTRUMENTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,AIR QUALITY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,ACID RAIN ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ,PRESENT VALUE ,ECONOMIES OF SCOPE ,DEFORESTATION ,PRODUCTION PATTERNS ,CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Over the past quarter century, Vietnam’s agricultural sector has made enormous progress. Vietnam’s performance in terms of agricultural yields, output, and exports, however, has been more impressive than its gains in efficiency, farmer welfare, and product quality. Vietnamese agriculture now sits at a turning point. The agricultural sector now faces growing domestic competition - from cities, industry, and services - for labor, land, and water. Rising labor costs are beginning to inhibit the sector’s ability to compete globally as a low cost producer of bulk undifferentiated commodities. Going forward, Vietnam’s agricultural sector needs to generate more from less. That is, it must generate more economic value - and farmer and consumer welfare - using less natural and human capital and less harmful intermediate inputs. The strategic shift was highlighted in the government’s agricultural restructuring plan (ARP), approved by the Prime Minister in June 2014. The ARP defines sector goals in terms of the triple bottom line of economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable development. It lays out expected changes in the roles and spending patterns of the government in the sector and discusses the need to work with other stakeholders, including in the private sector. It calls for an ambitious and ongoing process of learning and experimentation, and several potential directions are offered in this report.
- Published
- 2016
28. Lessons from Land Administration Projects : A Review of Project Performance Assessments
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PROJECTS ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ETHNIC MINORITIES ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,COMMON PROPERTY ,LAND USE ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,CREDIT UNIONS ,LENDING ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,QUOTAS ,SIDE PAYMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES ,TAX COLLECTION ,URBAN HOUSING ,RURAL PROPERTY ,PROPERTY VALUES ,STRATEGIES ,AGRICULTURAL BANKING ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,COLLECTIONS ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,FINANCE ,ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES ,FARMS ,PRICES ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,TRANSFERABLE PROPERTY RIGHTS ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,CAPITAL GAINS ,ENTERPRISES ,ENVIRONMENT ,MARKET VALUE ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,SERVICES ,INTEREST RATES ,TENURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,LAND PRICES ,COST OF CAPITAL ,BANKING SECTOR ,WORKING CAPITAL ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,MORTGAGE LENDING ,PROFITABILITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,FACTORING ,RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOOD ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INPUT USE ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,BENEFIT STREAMS ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,PRIVATE BANKS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,TAXATION ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,COMMAND ECONOMIES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,BANKS ,LAND ADMINISTRATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CONTINUOUS MONITORING ,OIL SECTOR ,PRIVATIZATION ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,CREDIT ,FISHERS ,LEGISLATION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,MICROFINANCE ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,HOUSING ,INTEREST ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,WATER SUPPLY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LAWS ,SAVINGS ,CAPITAL BASE ,REVENUES ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Land rights and the systems that administer them can vary significantly across the world and within countries (World Bank 2003). For a number of reasons, land rights may be unclear or insecure. Securing land rights plays an important role in driving economic growth and poverty reduction. In recent years there has been increasing awareness of the relevance of land tenure issues to food security, climate change, rapid urbanization, informality, and indigenous peoples’ rights. The World Bank Group has a long history of developing and implementing projects aimed at securing land rights through a variety of interventions. This note synthesizes cross-cutting findings from 14 Independent Evaluation Group assessments of land administration projects that the World Bank has supported from 1998 to 2014. The project-level assessments reviewed for this report contain a wealth of information about how the Bank Group approached different problems related to strengthening land administration systems in diverse environments. This information is relevant to both land administration specialists and experts in other fields whose work is impacted by land tenure issues.
- Published
- 2016
29. Montenegro Achieving Sustainable and Inclusive Growth Amidst High Volatility : Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,CHILDREN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,AGING ,TERMS OF TRADE ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,CROWDING OUT ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,EXTERNAL COSTS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,HEALTH ,METALS ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT ,MARKET FACTORS ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,REAL WAGES ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,PURCHASING POWER ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,ENVIRONMENT ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,EFFLUENTS ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,RISKS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRADEOFFS ,PASTURES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ANTENATAL CARE ,SOCIAL WORK ,ARABLE LAND ,GROSS EARNINGS ,POLLUTERS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,NET IMPORTS ,WETLANDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,CANCER ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,HEALTH PROBLEMS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,DISASTERS ,BISEXUAL ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,SOCIAL COSTS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,KNOWLEDGE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,INTERNET ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,LABOR MARKETS ,REDUCING EMISSIONS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,AIR QUALITY ,TRADE TAXES ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,WASTE DISPOSAL - Abstract
This Systematic County Diagnostics is organized into six parts. The first part presents a brief overview of the country’s recent socio-political and economic context. The second part examines the links between poverty, income distribution and economic growth, through the labor market, against the background of large changes in international capital flows and the unfinished structural reform agenda. The third part, examines the sustainability and vulnerability of the current growth model. The fourth part examines the structural constraints to sustainable and inclusive growth and poverty reduction, while the fifth part reviews the governance and the rule of law foundations. The assessment of each constraint is followed by a description of what the Government of Montenegro (GoM) is doing to address the issue. The sixth part examines priorities and opportunities.
- Published
- 2016
30. Retaking the Path to Inclusion, Growth and Sustainability : Brazil Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES ,ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ,PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,MARKET COMPETITION ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASINS ,MARGINAL PRODUCT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,FINANCIAL TRANSFERS ,ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR ,DURABLE GOODS ,LOGGING ,TERMS OF TRADE ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,PRODUCTION PLANNING ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,WATER POLLUTION ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,GLOBAL INTEREST ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,POLICY DECISIONS ,ENTITLEMENTS ,METALS ,MINES ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,FISHING ,TAX REFORM ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,INTERMEDIATE GOODS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,SULFUR DIOXIDE ,REAL WAGES ,LAND PRODUCTIVITY ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,EMPIRICAL STUDIES ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,CARBON EMISSIONS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,EFFLUENTS ,CONSUMPTION ,FINANCIAL SUBSIDIES ,COMPLIANCE COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,PATENTS ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EMISSION REDUCTIONS ,ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ,EQUILIBRIUM ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,PERVERSE INCENTIVES ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ,RESOURCES ,DIVIDENDS ,DEMAND ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INPUT USE ,TAX SYSTEMS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,CORPORATE INCOME TAXES ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,ARABLE LAND ,COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,POLLUTERS ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ,PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,DEBT INTEREST ,RESOURCE USE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,CARTELS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,CANCER ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,INDUSTRIAL WATER ,EMISSION REDUCTION ,LAND RESOURCES ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,CERTAIN EXTENT ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CAPITAL GOODS ,OIL SECTOR ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,SECURITIES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,HEAVY METALS ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,LABOR INPUTS ,POLICY INSTRUMENTS ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR MARKETS ,REDUCING EMISSIONS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,AIR QUALITY ,CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,POLLUTION LEVELS ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ,CPI ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,DEFORESTATION ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
Bleak short-term economic outlook raises the risk that social and environmental achievements may not be sustained. The changed economic circumstances have exposed shortcomings in Brazil’s development model, epitomized by the struggle to achieve a sustainable fiscal policy. Against this background, some Brazilians are now asking whether the gains of the past decade might have been an illusion, created by the commodity boom, but unsustainable in today’s less forgiving international environment. Brazil thus finds itself at an important juncture and, to a certain extent, the policy course set today will determine whether the country can sustain the gains of the past and return to a path of solid, inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. This Systematic Country Diagnostic offers a contribution to the debate about Brazil’s future development.
- Published
- 2016
31. A Comparative Overview of the Incidence of Non-Tariff Measures on Trade in Lao PDR
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
FOREIGN TRADE ,PRODUCERS ,MARKET ACCESS ,EXPORT SUBSIDIES ,CUSTOMS ,INFORMATION ,MARKET COMPETITION ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,INVENTORY ,WORLD TRADE ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,COMMODITIES ,PRODUCT CATEGORIES ,HOME PAGE ,COMMODITY ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,DOMESTIC MARKET ,POLICY MAKERS ,MONITORING ,TECHNICAL BARRIERS ,TRADE ALERT ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ,VALUES ,QUOTAS ,COMPETITIVENESS ,REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ,TRADE FACILITATION ,TARIFF RATE ,TECHNICAL MEASURES ,LICENSES ,OIL ,INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ,TECHNICAL REGULATION ,TARIFF EQUIVALENT ,BUSINESS ,DISTRIBUTION ,TRANSACTIONS ,PROCUREMENT ,ENTRY POINT ,INSTITUTIONS ,PC ,IMPACT ASSESSMENT ,METALS ,TRADE DATA ,AGRICULTURAL TRADE ,TRADE POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ,TARIFF ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,LINKS ,PRICES ,SEARCH ,GLOBAL ECONOMY ,TIMBER ,TRADE BARRIERS ,DEREGULATION ,PRODUCTION ,IMPORT QUOTAS ,TRADE DEVELOPMENT ,ONLINE DATABASE ,ENVIRONMENT ,TARIFF EQUIVALENTS ,BUSINESS PROCESSES ,TRADE IN GOODS ,CONSUMPTION ,TAXONOMY ,COMPLIANCE COSTS ,COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ,TRADE AGENDA ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,IMPORT LICENSING ,TRADE ,CUSTOMS DUTIES ,PROTECTIONIST ,BARRIERS TO TRADE ,CUSTOMS CLEARANCE ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ,PROPERTY ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DATA ,MULTILATERAL RULES ,IMPORT REGIME ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,TARIFF LINES ,MARKET PRICES ,TAX SYSTEMS ,CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES ,COAL ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGENDA ,MANUFACTURING ,NETWORK ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,RESULT ,EXPORTS ,GLOBAL TRADE ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,USES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,CONSULTANT ,LICENSE FEE ,EQUIPMENT ,LICENSE ,TRADE REGULATIONS ,REVENUE ,RULES OF ORIGIN ,CUSTOM ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,PRICE ,TAXES ,CERTIFICATES ,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ,LICENSE FEES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,DATABASE ,TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,ADMINISTRATION ,AUTOMATION ,COMMERCE ,CUSTOMS DECLARATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,IMPORTS ,IMPORT COMPETITION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,SEARCHES ,IMPORT PRODUCT ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,TECHNOLOGY ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,IMPORT TAXES ,TARIFF POLICY ,TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT ,ECONOMICS ,RESEARCH AGENDA ,TRADE RESTRICTIONS ,RESULTS ,BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS ,IMPORT VALUE ,NON-TARIFF BARRIERS ,IMPORT LICENSES ,INSPECTION ,BUSINESSES ,QUERIES ,INSPECTIONS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,TAX SYSTEM - Abstract
An efficient and transparent regulatory framework governing international trade is a necessary condition for countries to realize the benefits of international trade. Over the last decade, Lao PDR has been deepening its economic ties with the global economy through the formal accession to the WTO in 2013. At the regional level, the country is committed to be full member of the ASEAN Economic Community. These agreements entailed profound changes to Lao PDR’s regulatory framework governing international trade. This report provides an overview of the incidence on NTMs on import flows in Lao PDR before and after WTO accession and identifies lingering regulatory hurdles that may still hamper the ability of the country to reap the gains of a deeper integration. Employing detailed and comparable NTM information, this note characterizes the changes in the trade related regulatory framework in Lao PDR and compares the current scheme with that of other countries in Asia. The report also combines econometric estimations of Ad-Valorem Equivalents (AVEs) of NTMs with qualitative information collected through fieldwork to identify priority measure to streamline. This report is organized as follows. Section two discusses main conceptual issues and presents the data and metrics to examine the role of NTMs in import flows. Section three, describes the trade incidence of NTMs and compares it with similar countries and with the situation prior to WTO accession. Section four combines an econometric technique with qualitative information to discuss the stringency of NTMs. Section five presents some concluding remarks and provides some recommendation for reform.
- Published
- 2016
32. Supporting Transformational Change for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity : Lessons from World Bank Group Experience
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES ,PRODUCERS ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,FINANCIAL TRANSFERS ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,PROJECTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,MARKET ENTRY ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POLICY MAKERS ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,GOVERNMENTS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ,STRATEGIES ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,WELFARE GAINS ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,INDUSTRY ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,PRICES ,TRANSFERS ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,ENTERPRISES ,ENVIRONMENT ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,FINANCIAL_SERVICES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,WELFARE EFFECTS ,RISK TAKING ,SERVICES ,PRICING ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,TRADE ,BANKING SECTOR ,COUNTRY COMPARISONS ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY ,POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES ,PROFITABILITY ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,MARKET DISCIPLINE ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,PUBLIC GOOD ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,PRIVATE PROPERTY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,EARNINGS GROWTH ,FINANCE MINISTRIES ,VALUE ,RISK ,RESOURCE USE ,DEMONSTRATION EFFECTS ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,BANKING SERVICES ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,TRANSITION ECONOMIES ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,LOCAL ADMINISTRATION ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,PRIVATIZATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,CENTRAL PLANNING ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,MICROFINANCE ,CONDITIONALITY ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,INTEREST ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION ,HEALTH SERVICES ,RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ,DEFORESTATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ELECTRICITY SERVICES - Abstract
Transformational engagements are a critical pillar of the World Bank Group’s strategy for achieving its twin goals of extreme poverty elimination and shared prosperity. This learning product uses evaluative evidence from the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) to understand the mechanisms and conditions for transformational engagements and the implications for the World Bank Group if it seeks to rely on such engagements to more effectively pursue its goals.
- Published
- 2016
33. Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Colombia for the Period FY16-21
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ,PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ETHNIC MINORITIES ,TERMS OF TRADE ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,WAGE DIFFERENTIALS ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,TAX REFORMS ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,MARKET INSTRUMENTS ,METALS ,MINES ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,MODELS ,PRICE FIXING ,TAX REFORM ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ,FISCAL YEAR ,EXPLOITATION ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,ENTERPRISES ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,SERVICES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,COST SAVINGS ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,COAL ,ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION ,CAPITAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,VALUE ,RISK ,RATING AGENCIES ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,LAND DEGRADATION ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,GRANTS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CONTINUOUS MONITORING ,OIL SECTOR ,COMPETITION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,SECURITIES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,MICROFINANCE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,HOUSING ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,REVENUES ,POLLUTION LEVELS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,CPI ,DEFORESTATION ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
The WBG’s Colombia Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) analyzed key constraints and opportunities that will impact Colombia’s development in the context of three defining country characteristics. They include uneven territorial development, a long standing armed conflict and a growth process led by extractive industries. The Colombia Country Partnership Framework (CPF) proposes to address these complex development challenges with a flexible, six-year (FY16-21) engagement that builds on the strong and trusted client relationship established over recent years. On the basis of client country demand, the development challenges highlighted in the SCD, and World Bank Group (WBG) comparative advantage, the CPF focuses on eight critical objectives to guide WBG engagement over the CPF period. These objectives are organized within three pillars of engagement: (a) fostering balanced territorial development; (b) enhancing social inclusion and mobility through improved service delivery; and (c) supporting fiscal sustainability and productivity. Cutting across all pillars, the CPF aims to ‘assist in constructing the peace’ in response to Colombia’s historic opportunity to reach a Peace Accord after more than 50 years of conflict.
- Published
- 2016
34. Building a Competitive City through Innovation and Global Knowledge : The Case of Sino-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park
- Author
-
Zeng, Doug Zhihua
- Subjects
COMMUNICATIONS ,KNOWLEDGE WORKERS ,MARKET ACCESS ,CUSTOMS ,INFORMATION ,IMAGE ,GLOBAL MARKET ,ELECTRONIC DATA ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,SOFTWARE ,ANIMATION ,TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS ,MONITORING ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,R&D ,COMPETITIVENESS ,LICENSES ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,INCENTIVES ,TRANSISTOR ,INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ,BUSINESS ,INNOVATION” PILOT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,INSTITUTIONS ,TECHNOLOGIES ,LABOR COSTS ,HARDWARE ,VALUE‐CHAIN ,OUTSOURCING ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ,MODELS ,SUBSIDIES ,HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ,INTERMEDIATE GOODS ,PROFIT ,LINKS ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,PUBLIC UTILITIES ,VALUE CHAIN ,INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ,COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES ,ENVIRONMENT ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ,MARKETING STRATEGY ,PERFORMANCE ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PATENTS ,TRADE ,FAX ,TRAINING MATERIALS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,CUSTOMS CLEARANCE ,TAX INCENTIVE ,PROPERTY ,MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES ,AUTOMOBILE ,MARKETING ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RESOURCES ,INNOVATION ,SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM ,TURNAROUND TIME ,ELECTRICITY ,DISPLAY SCREENS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,MANUFACTURING ,UNFAIR COMPETITIONS ,GOVERNMENT FUNDING ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,NETWORK ,TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ,OPEN ACCESS ,RESULT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,SUPERMARKET ,SECURITY ,KNOWLEDGE SHARING ,BUSINESS SERVICES ,BROADBAND ,GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,LAND‐USE ,USES ,WEB ,NETWORKS ,CONSULTANT ,MARKET POTENTIALS ,TARGET ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,REVENUE ,TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,BUSINESS MODELS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,JOINT VENTURE ,BUSINESS OPERATIONS ,PROTOCOLS ,LAND ,FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ,EFFICIENCY ,RECYCLING ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,MATERIALS ,ADMINISTRATION ,SEMICONDUCTOR ,COMMERCE ,INNOVATIONS ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ,JOINT VENTURES ,POLICY FRAMEWORK ,TARGETS ,POSTAL SERVICES ,TECHNOLOGY ,MOBILE SERVICES ,BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,HANDICRAFT ,ECONOMICS ,RESULTS ,TELECOM ,ADVERTISEMENT ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,CABLE TV ,COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,BUSINESSES ,VALUE CHAINS ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,REVENUES ,ICT ,LINK ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,MARKET ECONOMY ,PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,INVENTION ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
Special economic zones can be an effective instrument to promote industrialization if implemented properly in the right context. In China, starting in the 1980s, special economic zones were used as a testing ground for the country's transition from a planned to a market economy, and they are a prime example of China's pragmatic and experimental approach to reforms. One of the great special economic zone success stories in China is the Suzhou Industrial Park, a modern industrial township developed in the early 1990s through a Sino-Singapore partnership. It is successful not just in the economic sense, but also in terms of urban and social development in an eco-friendly way. One key lesson is that in a weak market environment, a facilitating and reform-oriented host government, coupled with foreign expertise and knowledge as well as a "whole value chain" approach can go a long way in developing urban-industry well-integrated special economic zones. This paper is intended to examine the success factors and key lessons of the Sino-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, which can be useful for other developing countries.
- Published
- 2016
35. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Promoting Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity : Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,PRICE SUBSIDIES ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,EXTERNALITIES ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WATER POLLUTION ,CROWDING OUT ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,FOSSIL FUELS ,PETROLEUM GAS ,TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ,OPEC ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TRANSPARENCY ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,TAX REFORM ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,REAL WAGES ,MODAL SPLIT ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,TAX REVENUE ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,STREAMS ,DISTORTIONARY EFFECTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,AQUIFERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,RANGELANDS ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,PERVERSE INCENTIVES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,RAPID TRANSIT ,PROPERTY ,IRREVERSIBILITY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRANSIT ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,ACCIDENTS ,CARBON ,ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,RESOURCE USE ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,TARIFFS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,SAFETY ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,GRANTS ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CAPITAL GOODS ,OIL SECTOR ,PROFITS ,TRAFFIC ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,SECURITIES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,BUS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,WATER PRICING ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,WORKING POOR ,ECONOMICS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,AIR QUALITY ,CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,REVENUES ,PUBLIC WORKS ,POLITICAL EFFECTS ,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ,CPI ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Jordan is an upper middle income country which has proven remarkably resilient despite decades of turmoil in its neighborhood. Even with economic stability in the face of massive shocks, the Jordanian government - reflecting the views of the population - has made clear the need for improvement in the current growth trajectory. Public dissatisfaction coalesced around a perception, which the government acknowledges, that previous reform efforts had struggled with implementation, while discretionary decisions and unequal opportunities remain entrenched. In response, the government is moving to the implementation phase of its Jordan 2025 strategic blueprint, a new ten-year strategy formally launched in May 2015. The Bank’s systematic country diagnostic (SCD) is therefore unfolding at a critical inflection point for the government. Given existing reform momentum around the energy sector and investment, the substantive engagement of the Bank Group and other development partners, the SCD will seek added value by providing an integrative and concise perspective on what Jordan can do to better meet the expectations of its citizens. As a multi-sector evidence-based diagnostic, the SCD relies upon consistent and integrated analysis of data from various sources.
- Published
- 2016
36. Sri Lanka Ending Poverty and Promoting Shared Prosperity : A Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
SOLID WASTES ,PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DURABLE GOODS ,NATURAL MONOPOLIES ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,health care economics and organizations ,EMISSIONS ,ALTERNATIVE TAX REFORMS ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WATER POLLUTION ,CROWDING OUT ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,TAX REFORMS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,METALS ,MINES ,LABOR COSTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,MARGINAL COSTS ,TAX REFORM ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,REAL WAGES ,ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,SOCIAL PARTICIPATION ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,PATENTS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,COST SAVINGS ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRADEOFFS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,COAL ,PRIVATE PROPERTY ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,LAND DEGRADATION ,OPPORTUNITY COSTS ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CAPITAL GOODS ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,CROP MIX ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,AIR QUALITY ,TRADE TAXES ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,INCENTIVE SYSTEMS ,DEFORESTATION ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Sri Lanka is in many respects a development success story. With economic growth averaging more than 7 percent a year over the past five years on top of an average growth of 6 percent the preceding five years, Sri Lanka has made notable strides towards the goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity (the ‘twin goals’). The national poverty headcount rate declined from 22.7 to 6.7 percent between 2002 and 2012/13, while consumption per capita of the bottom 40 percent grew at 3.3 percent a year, compared to 2.8 percent for the total population. Other human development indicators are also impressive by regional and lower middle-income country standards. Sri Lanka has also succeeded in ending decades of internal conflict in 2009 and steps have been taken towards reconciliation. Sri Lanka’s has had impressive development gains but there are strong indications that drivers of past progress are not sustainable. Solid economic growth, strong poverty reduction, overcoming internal conflict, effecting a remarkable democratic transition in recent months, and overall strong human development outcomes are a track record that would make any country proud. However, the country’s inward looking growth model based on non-tradable sectors and domestic demand amplified by public investment cannot be expected to lead to sustained inclusive growth going forward. A systematic diagnostic points to fiscal, competitiveness, and inclusion challenges as well as cross-cutting governance and sustainability challenges as priority areas of focus for sustaining progress in ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity.
- Published
- 2016
37. Afghanistan Systematic Country Diagnostic
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
INDICATORS ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,TAX RATES ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,RIVER BASINS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,OVERSIGHT ,RULE OF LAW ,CIVIL WAR ,URBANIZATION ,CROWDING OUT ,CORRUPT OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,CRIME ,OIL ,GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ,INCENTIVES ,POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ,STATISTICS ,POVERTY ,OPTIONS ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,AID EFFECTIVENESS ,COUNTRY REPORTS ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS ,INSTITUTIONS ,GROWTH ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,LIVING STANDARDS ,MODELS ,FIGHTING CORRUPTION ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,MUNICIPAL SERVICES ,MARKETS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,PRICES ,WAGES ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,EXPLOITATION ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,GROWTH PERFORMANCE ,ENVIRONMENT ,BRIBERY ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,DRINKING WATER ,CONSUMPTION ,SERVICES ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,LOCAL LEVELS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,INCOME LEVELS ,TRADE ,EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ,BANKING SECTOR ,POLICY IMPLICATIONS ,EQUILIBRIUM ,SOCIAL OUTCOMES ,PARLIAMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,VESTED INTERESTS ,INEQUALITY ,PETTY CORRUPTION ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,CRISES ,ECONOMIC RENTS ,RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOOD ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,SERVICE ,AUDITS ,COAL ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,SECURITY ,EFFECTIVE USE ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,ECONOMIES ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL CRISES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,CONSULTATION PROCESS ,COMMUNITY ,YOUTH ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,REGULATION ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PARTICIPATION ,ASSET VALUATION ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,TAX REVENUES ,EXPENDITURES ,GROWTH RATE ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,AID DEPENDENCE ,POLITICS ,EXPECTATIONS ,CONTRACTS ,ECONOMICS ,LOW INCOME COUNTRIES ,NATION BUILDING ,ANTICORRUPTION ,CORRUPTION ,FOREIGN AID ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TAX EVASION - Abstract
Afghanistan is a deeply fragile and conflict affected state. It has been in almost constant conflict for over 35 years since the Soviet invasion of 1979. Today the country is at a crossroads in its development with economic growth down sharply and poverty incidence stubbornly high. Afghanistan faces tremendous development challenges. Gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita is among the lowest in the world, poverty is deep and widespread, and social indicators are still at very low levels. The new government has declared its commitment to address Afghanistan’s development challenges, through its paper realizing self-reliance: commitments to reforms and renewed partnership presented at the London conference in December 2014. The purpose of this systematic country diagnostic (SCD) is to provide an evidence-based diagnostic within an objective framework to help in the identification of development priorities. Countries in conflict often face rapidly evolving circumstances and flexibility to adjust quickly is a necessity. The SCD is thus intended to set forth a broad and flexible framework for thinking about choices, prioritization, and sequencing.
- Published
- 2016
38. Ethiopia Mining Sector Development : Policy and Legislative Options Report
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,WASTE ,ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,POLICY DOCUMENT ,IMPLEMENTATION ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,GEOLOGICAL DATA ,VALUES ,QUOTAS ,WATER POLLUTION ,WORKERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,LAND RECLAMATION ,POLICY DECISIONS ,HEALTH ,METALS ,MINES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MARGINAL COST ,MODELS ,SOCIAL ISSUES ,SUBSIDIES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,STREAMS ,CAPITAL GAINS ,DEREGULATION ,SOLVENTS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,SCREENING ,RISKS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,RECLAMATION ,MARKETING ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ,COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES ,ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEMAND ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,BENEFIT STREAMS ,COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,AUDITS ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,COAL ,WAGE RATES ,EVALUATION CRITERIA ,ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ,OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,MULTIPLIERS ,WETLANDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,TARIFFS ,SUBSISTENCE LIVELIHOODS ,ECONOMETRICS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,HEALTH CARE ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC MODELS ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,RECYCLING ,MIGRATION ,CAPITAL GOODS ,OIL SECTOR ,PROFITS ,ECONOMISTS ,CREDIT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,FISCAL POLICIES ,INTERNET ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,WORKSHOPS ,AIR QUALITY ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS ,MONITORING EQUIPMENT ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,LAWS ,REVENUES ,HEALTH SERVICES ,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,PRESENT VALUE ,POTENTIAL INVESTORS - Abstract
Ethiopia has many advantages as a destination for mining investment. These include promising geology, a well-designed fiscal regime, stable government and a growing domestic market. Additionally, it has a well-managed and successful artisanal and small scale mining sector. Under the second phase of Ethiopia’s Growth and Transformation Plan, Ethiopia has the ambitious target for the mining sector to contribute 10% of GDP by 2025. Ethiopia must overcome significant challenges to achieve this target. These challenges range across simplifying the licensing regime, developing its investment promotion efforts and clarifying institutional responsibilities for social and environmental management to enhancing stakeholder engagement in the governance of the sector.
- Published
- 2016
39. Systematic Country Diagnostic for the Eight Small Pacific Island Countries : Priorities for Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,LOGGING ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,EXTERNALITIES ,CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,MIGRANTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,FISHERY PRODUCTION ,VALUES ,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,WATER POLLUTION ,WORKERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,DIPHTHERIA ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ,LAND RECLAMATION ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,HEALTH ,ABATEMENT ,LABOR COSTS ,VIOLENCE ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,PUBLIC FUNCTIONS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,TAX REVENUE ,BUSINESS CYCLES ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,STREAMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,DRINKING WATER ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,FISHING GROUNDS ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,RISKS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,PROPERTY ,POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,RECLAMATION ,MARKETING ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ARABLE LAND ,CARBON ,ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,DIABETES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,RESOURCE USE ,WETLANDS ,ECONOMIES ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,TARIFFS ,CANCER ,HEALTH PROBLEMS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,HEALTH CARE ,OBESITY ,DISASTERS ,BISEXUAL ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,MARKET DISTORTIONS ,CREDIT ,FIXED COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,PEOPLE ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,POLICY INSTRUMENTS ,INTERNET ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,RESEARCH AGENDA ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,DISABILITIES ,PRESENT VALUE ,NURSES ,DEFORESTATION ,FISHERIES ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) covers eight small Pacific island countries (PIC8): Kiribati, Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The objective of the SCD is to identify the most critical constraints and opportunities facing the PIC8 to meet the global goals of ending absolute poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. The report is intended to help these countries, the World Bank and other development partners establish a dialogue to focus their efforts around the key priorities and activities that have high impact and are aligned with the two goals. The regional approach of this SCD is driven by the similarity of development challenges faced by these countries and the importance of regional solutions to these challenges. The SCD also highlights that economic opportunities available to the Pacific island countries are limited. While these opportunities have been known for a long time, the experience of most of these countries in realizing these opportunities has been disappointing, reflected in the poor growth performance of the PIC8. A realistic assessment of these opportunities as well as of the measures needed to realize them is essential. In this context, deep sea mining is seen by some of the PIC8 as the next big opportunity, while at the same time many raise concerns about its possible environmental impacts. This is thus an area that would benefit from an objective assessment of risks and opportunities that could inform policy choices in the PIC8. With the liberalization of telecoms markets and investments in fiber-optic cables that connect many of the PIC8, new opportunities to overcome the tyranny of distance through a focus on knowledge products may become available and deserve a critical assessment. The Pacific Possible research program led by the World Bank Group is providing new insights into the potential of these game-changers.
- Published
- 2016
40. Factory Southern Africa? : SACU in Global Value Chains
- Author
-
Farole, Thomas
- Subjects
TRADE LIBERALIZATION ,PRODUCERS ,INVESTMENT ,MARKET COMPETITION ,INTERMEDIATE INPUTS ,INVENTORY ,VALUE ADDED ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,MEASUREMENT ,VALUE–ADDED ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,TRADE BLOCS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAGS ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,OUTCOMES ,EXPORT GROWTH ,PRODUCTIVITY ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,QUOTAS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,COMPETITIVENESS ,COMPETITION POLICY ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,POLITICAL ECONOMIES ,DISTRIBUTION ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,GOODS ,AVERAGING ,METALS ,LABOR COSTS ,TRADE POLICY ,WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ,REGULATORY REGIMES ,ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ,SUBSIDIES ,CURRENCY APPRECIATION ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,INTERMEDIATE GOODS ,GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS RESEARCH ,DEVELOPMENT ,NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING ,FAILURES ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TRADE DEFICIT ,ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ,TRADE BARRIERS ,EXPLOITATION ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES ,NATIONAL INCOME ,WELFARE ,SURPLUS LABOR ,PRODUCTION ,ENVIRONMENT ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,TOTAL OUTPUT ,INFLUENCE ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,STRUCTURAL CHANGE ,GDP PER CAPITA ,PRICING ,SMALL BUSINESS ,THEORY ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,TRENDS ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,COST SAVINGS ,SUPPLY ,TRADE POLICIES ,PRICE CHANGES ,PROPERTY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,PROTECTIONISM ,COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,WEALTH ,AGRICULTURE ,GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES ,RESOURCES ,SURCHARGES ,FREE TRADE ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES ,CONSUMERS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ,WTO ,GDP ,VARIABLES ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,TRADE BALANCE ,AGGREGATE ANALYSIS ,CAPITAL ,ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,VALUE ,EXPORTS ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,MONOPOLY ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,BENCHMARKS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,EQUITY CAPITAL ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS ,TRANSACTIONS COSTS ,REVENUE ,EQUITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,BILATERAL TRADE ,ECONOMY ,STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,COMPETITION ,PROFITS ,CREDIT ,FIXED COSTS ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,GROWTH RATE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,UNDERESTIMATES ,BENEFITS ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ,ECONOMICS ,INTEREST ,RESEARCH AGENDA ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,INPUTS ,ITC ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,REVENUES ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ,ECONOMIC RESEARCH ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Once concentrated among a few large economies, global flows of goods, services, and capital now reach an ever-larger number of countries worldwide. Global trade in goods and in services both increased 10 times between 1980 and 2011, while foreign direct investment (FDI) flows increased almost 30-fold. A value chain is global when some of these stages are carried out in more than one country, most notably when discrete tasks within a production process are fragmented and dispersed across a number of countries. Southern African Customs Union (SACU) - region global value chains (GVCs) are both a new reality and significant opportunity for expanding non-commodity exports to support growth, diversification, and job creation in the region. The task-based nature of GVCs creates opportunities for developing countries to establish very quickly a position in global trade within a sector in which they may have had no previous experience. For South Africa, GVCs are seen as a route to higher manufacturing exports and greater value addition. For other SACU countries, GVCs are seen as a route to diversification and global integration, and to leverage the possibility of greater investment from South Africa itself. The main objectives of the study are as follows: (i) to understand trends of GVC participation and competitiveness of South Africa and the wider SACU region, the outcomes from this participation (exports, jobs, and productivity), and the factors that determine competitiveness; (ii) to map the extent of value chain integration across the region and identify barriers to deeper integration; and (iii) to identify policies and actions that will be required to develop a globally competitive, high value-adding factory Southern Africa.
- Published
- 2016
41. Is a ‘Factory Southern Africa’ Feasible? : Harnessing Flying Geese to the South African Gateway
- Author
-
Peter Draper, Andreas Freytag, Sören Scholvin, and Luong Thanh Tran
- Subjects
AIRPORT ,PRODUCERS ,SURFACE TRANSPORT ,INVESTMENT ,CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ,TAX ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INTERMEDIATE INPUTS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,LORRIES ,CONGESTION ,RAILWAYS ,ROAD ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,BOTTLENECKS ,ECONOMIC PROCESSES ,CARS ,POLICY MAKERS ,INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ,TRANSPORTATION COSTS ,POPULATION GROWTH ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INVESTMENTS ,AIRWAYS ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,VALUES ,QUOTAS ,TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,RAILWAY ,OPTIONS ,POLITICAL ECONOMIES ,BASIC METALS ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,METALS ,MINES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC DYNAMICS ,TRANSPARENCY ,MODELS ,LAND TRANSPORT ,MARITIME TRANSPORT ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,INTERMEDIATE GOODS ,DEVELOPMENT ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,EMPIRICAL STUDIES ,TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ,ENVIRONMENT ,RAIL ,TRAINS ,F15 ,RAILWAY LINES ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,AIRPORTS ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,RAIL TRANSPORT ,MOBILITY ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,F23 ,PROPERTY ,AUTOMOBILE ,COSTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,WEALTH ,TRANSPORT NETWORK ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,LANES ,TRANSIT ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,BRIDGE ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,COAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ,ROADS ,VALUE ,TRANSPORT CORRIDORS ,ECONOMIES ,AIR ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,POLICIES ,AIR CONDITIONING ,DRIVING ,INFRASTRUCTURES ,TRANSPORT OF GOODS ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,REGIONAL TRANSPORT ,TAXES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,RECYCLING ,TRAINING ,PORT INFRASTRUCTURE ,STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,COMPETITION ,TRAFFIC ,CREDIT ,AIR CARGO ,TRANSPORT COSTS ,RAIL LINK ,ddc:330 ,AUTOMOBILES ,POLICY INSTRUMENTS ,AIR TRANSPORT ,ECONOMICS ,AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,OLIGOPOLY ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,TRANSPORTATION ,REVENUES ,TRANSPORT POLICY ,POPULATION DENSITY ,HIGH TRANSPORT ,RAIL COMPANY ,ROAD TRANSPORT ,FLIGHT CONNECTIONS ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS - Abstract
The countries comprising the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) are currently not very integrated into global value chains (GVCs), potentially missing out on important development opportunities. Accordingly, we explore high level options for promoting their integration. Given East Asia’s spectacular success with integrating into GVCs, we first assess the probability that SACU can copy their flying geese pattern. That was initiated by Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) investing in successive East Asian countries thereby becoming the lead geese, to be joined subsequently by MNCs from other countries. We argue that the conditions for pursuing a flying geese approach are difficult to replicate in SACU. Therefore, we proffer and explore the proposition that South Africa could serve as the gateway for harnessing MNC geese flying from third countries into the SACU region, in time propelling regional development through knowledge and investment spillovers, and serving as a conduit into GVCs. However, there may be substantial obstacles to deepening this integration potential. Other African gateways are emerging as alternatives to South Africa. And some SACU governments would prefer to build regional value chains (RVCs) rather than prioritize GVC integration. We argue that RVCs are complements to GVCs. SACU countries, excluding South Africa, may not attract many world leading MNCs since their markets are small, but could attract smaller regional players from South Africa or elsewhere. Thus building RVCs in the short run could assist with integration into GVCs in the longer run. Overall, this requires harnessing South African and MNC geese to the South African gateway, in a mutually complementary strategy.
- Published
- 2016
42. All Aboard! : Policies for Shared Prosperity in Myanmar
- Author
-
Rab, Habib
- Subjects
FOREIGN TRADE ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BUDGET ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS DATA ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,DECISION-MAKING ,MACROECONOMIC IMPACT ,PROGRAMS ,INFLATION ,FISCAL STANCE ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,POLICY MAKERS ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ,CAPITAL SPENDING ,FISCAL MANAGEMENT ,OUTCOMES ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,DUE DILIGENCE ,CROWDING OUT ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,DEBT SERVICE ,OPTIONS ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,SERVICE PROVIDERS ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS ,SUBSIDIES ,MUNICIPAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,REVENUE POLICY ,PUBLIC EXPECTATIONS ,EFFICIENCY GAINS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,STRATEGIC PLANS ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,SPENDING LEVELS ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,EDUCATION SERVICES ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY ,LIQUIDITY ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC DEBT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ,TRADE ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,ACCOUNTABILITY FOR RESULTS ,SELF-ASSESSMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,MILITARY SPENDING ,TAX RATE ,RESOURCES ,DOMESTIC DEBT ,TAX INCENTIVES ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,NATIONAL ASSETS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,TAXPAYERS ,TAX BASE ,BUDGETS ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,GROWTH POTENTIAL ,MASTER PLAN ,FINANCIAL RISKS ,ECONOMIES ,MARKET DEVELOPMENT ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,EXCHANGE RATE ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,REVENUE ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,TAXES ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,BUDGET PROPOSAL ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,REALLOCATIONS ,SERVICE PROVISION ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,GOVERNMENT REVENUE ,COMPETITION ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS ,PROFITS ,MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS ,ARTICLE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,EXPECTATIONS ,STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS ,COST OF SERVICE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,TAX EXPENDITURE ,BUSINESS REGULATIONS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,DEBT SUSTAINABILITY ,STRUCTURAL REFORMS ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORMS ,PUBLIC INTERVENTIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXPENDITURE ,TAX SYSTEM - Abstract
The November 8, 2015 elections in Myanmar marked a historic milestone in the country’s political and economic transition that began in 2011. Incoming policy makers are preparing to pick up the baton and deliver on the people’s strong aspirations for a harmonious and prosperous Myanmar. In this series of policy notes, the World Bank Group seeks to promote dialogue on critical development challenges and on options for policies and reforms that can contribute to shared prosperity for the people of Myanmar. The policy notes focus on six interconnected areas that are likely to be high priorities for shared prosperity. The first is on closing the gap in access to social services for improving Myanmar’s human development outcomes. This could help to strengthen the productivity and employability of Myanmar’s current and future labor force, which is the critical input to inclusive growth and a precondition to success in all the other areas. The second policy note is on growing together by reducing poverty in rural areas. Policies to boost agriculture productivity and accelerate the delivery of essential services in rural areas, where they lag the most, could help to supply the much needed labor and food for the rapidly expanding industrial, manufacturing and service sectors.
- Published
- 2016
43. Country Partnership Framework for the Oriental Republic of Uruguay for the Period FY16-FY20
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,MARKET COMPETITION ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,WASTE ,CHILDREN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DURABLE GOODS ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,FAMILIES ,MEASUREMENT ,AGING ,EXTERNALITIES ,ADOLESCENTS ,IMPLEMENTATION ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SEXUAL VIOLENCE ,VALUES ,WORKERS ,CRIME ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ,MEDICINES ,HEALTH OUTCOMES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,HEALTH ,INTERVENTION ,AGED ,VIOLENCE ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,FISHING ,WEATHER PATTERNS ,TAX REFORM ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,POLLUTION ,PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,PATIENTS ,STREAMS ,CARBON EMISSIONS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,DRINKING WATER ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PREVENTION ,DEBT ,SCREENING ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,RISKS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,VICTIMS ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,MARKETING ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,STRESS ,RESOURCES ,SOCIAL POLICY ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ARABLE LAND ,CARBON ,INSTITUTIONALIZATION ,ABORTION ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,RESOURCE USE ,EFFECTIVE USE ,HEALTH POLICY ,ECONOMIES ,IRON ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,HEALTH INDICATORS ,OIL PRICES ,PREGNANCY ,HEALTH CARE ,BISEXUAL ,REGISTRATION ,EMISSION REDUCTION ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ,NATURAL RESOURCE BASE ,SOCIAL EXCLUSION ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,LESBIANS ,SECURITIES ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,PEOPLE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SEXUALITY ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,INTERNET ,INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION ,LABOR MARKETS ,REDUCING EMISSIONS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,WORKSHOPS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,DIVISION OF LABOR ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,LAWS ,REVENUES ,HEALTH SERVICES ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ,MARIJUANA ,FAMILY RELATIONS ,OBSERVATION ,CPI ,DISABILITIES ,INSULATION ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Uruguay is a country of about 3.3 million people, which has consistently given high priority to achieving broadly-shared economic growth and a sustainable reduction in poverty. A strong and progressive social compact has been a defining feature of Uruguayan society and politics, with consistent emphasis placed on protecting vulnerable groups, assuring worker dignity and promoting equitable growth. This compact, combined with rapid economic growth since 2003, has contributed to the development of a sizeable middle class, at 60 percent, the largest in Latin America as a proportion of the population, as well as effective institutions, good governance and, in consequence, a high degree of public trust in Government. The resultant political stability has been a fundamental element of Uruguay’s success in attaining its present standards of living. This Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is aligned with Uruguay’s 2015-2020 political cycle and selectivity has been exercised in the identification of objectives. The design of the CPF program responds to the Government’s priorities and is also closely coordinated with the programs of Uruguay’s other development partners, including IADB and CAF. The program is anchored in the findings of the new Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) which was informed by extensive consultations with a wide range of stakeholders. The proposed CPF program is designed to support the Government in its pursuit of six objectives identified in the SCD, grouped into three focal areas, namely, building resilience, rebalancing the social compact, and integrating Uruguay into global markets. During consultations, the Government endorsed the selection of focal areas (CPF’s pillars and objectives) and the technical teams closely coordinated with the Bank experts who designed a set of indicators, which are fully owned.
- Published
- 2015
44. Uganda Systematic Country Diagnostic : Boosting Inclusive Growth and Accelerating Poverty Reduction
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,TAX RATES ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,CHILDREN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,TERMS OF TRADE ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INPUT PRICES ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,VALUES ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ,WATER POLLUTION ,CROWDING OUT ,OVERGRAZING ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,LAND RECLAMATION ,FOSSIL FUELS ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT ,HEALTH ,GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,MARGINAL COSTS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,LAND PRODUCTIVITY ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,OIL RESERVES ,TIMBER ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PROVEN RESERVES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,DRINKING WATER ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,TRADE ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,COST SAVINGS ,PERVERSE INCENTIVES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,RECLAMATION ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,INPUT USE ,PASTURES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,COST EFFECTIVENESS ,SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION ,RESOURCE USE ,WETLANDS ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,HEALTH PROBLEMS ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,LAND DEGRADATION ,REVENUE ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,OIL SECTOR ,PROFITS ,SOCIAL COSTS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,CREDIT ,FIXED COSTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,EXPENDITURES ,MORBIDITY ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,KNOWLEDGE ,FISCAL POLICIES ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMICS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,PRESENT VALUE ,DEFORESTATION ,FISHERIES - Abstract
After a destructive civil war and extreme political instability, Uganda began its reconstruction process in 1987. Within the enabling environment of macroeconomic stability, most of the progress on the twin goals was attributable to higher agricultural incomes. Poverty reduction among households primarily engaged in agriculture accounted for 53 percent of the reduction in poverty from 2006 to 2010 and 77 percent of the reduction in poverty from 2010 to 2013. Despite significant progress on the twin goals, vulnerability to poverty in Uganda is high and the sparse social safety nets and limited access to finance have provided little protection. Change in economic and social policies is required to prevent a slowdown in poverty reduction and an increase in vulnerability. In this context, a comprehensive framework based on the three interrelated blocks of growth, inclusion, and sustainability has been used to identify the challenges to and opportunities for ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The first block emphasizes the development of a competitive and resilient private sector to lead the growth process by adequately capitalizing on all the available opportunities. The second block, complementary to the first one, reinforces the need to ensure a fair distribution of the growth dividend across all Ugandans, especially those living in the north and the east, by providing them with access to social and infrastructure services so that they can increase their productive capacity and income generating opportunities. The third block emphasizes the need to undertake the inclusive growth process in a fiscally, socially, and environmentally sustainable manner.
- Published
- 2015
45. Slowdown in Emerging Markets : Rough Patch or Prolonged Weakness?
- Author
-
Didier, Tatiana, Kose, M. Ayhan, Ohnsorge, Franziska, and Ye, Lei Sandy
- Subjects
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES ,INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL FLOWS ,GROWTH RATES ,DEMOGRAPHIC ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,SHARE OF WORLD OUTPUT ,DURABLE GOODS ,WORLD TRADE ,DISCOUNT RATES ,GOVERNMENT DEBT ,COMMODITY ,TERMS OF TRADE ,INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS ,EMERGING MARKET ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,POPULATION GROWTH ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,EXPORT GROWTH ,GLOBAL RISKS ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,URBANIZATION ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,BALANCE SHEETS ,INVESTORS ,OPTIONS ,E60 ,FINANCIAL MARKET ,PRODUCTION PROCESSES ,PRIVATE CAPITAL FLOWS ,METALS ,OPEC ,ADVANCED ECONOMY ,EMERGING MARKETS ,EXPOSURES ,GLOBAL INVESTORS ,MODELS ,EMERGING ECONOMIES ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,TAX REFORM ,GLOBAL OUTPUT ,BUSINESS CYCLES ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,GLOBAL ECONOMY ,PURCHASING POWER ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,ENERGY TAXES ,DEREGULATION ,BANKING ,NATIONAL INCOME ,ENVIRONMENT ,MONETARY POLICY ,CONSUMPTION ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,INTEREST RATES ,PRIVATE CAPITAL ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,DISINFLATION ,TRADE ,POWER OUTAGES ,EQUILIBRIUM ,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,DEBTS ,MARKET VOLATILITY ,IRREVERSIBILITY ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,O43 ,MONETARY POLICIES ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,EXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,DEVELOPING ECONOMIES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,ADVANCED ECONOMIES ,SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ,structural reforms ,CURRENCIES ,COAL ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,MULTIPLIERS ,EXCHANGE ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,ECONOMIES ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET ,INTERNATIONAL TRADE ,STOCK INDEXES ,GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,OUTPUT ,OIL PRICES ,TERMS‐OF‐TRADE ,F43 ,CURRENCY ,TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,BOND ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CAPITAL GOODS ,ECONOMIC EFFECTS ,STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT ,O4 ,ECONOMISTS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMODITY PRICES ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,SECURITIES ,FUTURE ,ddc:330 ,LABOR INPUTS ,FISCAL POLICIES ,INFLATION‐TARGETING ,CENTRAL BANKS ,LABOR MARKETS ,EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ,WORLD ECONOMY ,EXPECTATIONS ,DATA AVAILABILITY ,growth slowdown ,ECONOMICS ,INTEREST ,policy space ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,ADVERSE EFFECTS ,SHARE ,INTEREST RATE ,F6 ,CAPITAL CONSTRAINTS ,VOLATILITY ,INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL - Abstract
A synchronous growth slowdown has been underway in emerging markets (EM) since 2010. Growth in these countries is now markedly slower than, not just the pre‐crisis average, but also the long‐term average. As a group, EM growth eased from 7.6 percent in 2010 to 4.5 percent in 2014, and is projected to slow further to below 4 percent in 2015. This moderation has affected all regions (except South Asia) and is the most severe in Latin America and the Caribbean. The deceleration is highly synchronous across countries, especially among large EM. By 2015, China, Russia, and South Africa had all experienced three consecutive years of slower growth. The EM‐AE growth differential has narrowed to two percentage points in 2015, well below the 2003‐08 average of 4.8 percentage points and near the long‐term average differential of 1990‐2008. The recent slowdown in EM has been a source of a lively debate, as evident from the quotations at the beginning of this note. Some economists paint a bleak picture for the future of EM and argue that the impressive growth performance of EM prior to the crisis was driven by temporary commodity booms and rapid debt accumulation, and will not be sustained. Others emphasize that a wide range of cyclical and structural factors are driving the slowdown: weakening macroeconomic fundamentals after the crisis; prospective tightening in financial conditions; resurfacing of deep‐rooted governance problems in EM; and difficulty adjusting to disruptive technological changes. Still others highlight differences across EM and claim that some of them are in a better position to weather the slowdown and will likely register strong growth in the future. This policy research note seeks to help move the debate forward by examining the main features, drivers, and implications of the recent EM slowdown and provides a comprehensive analysis of available policy options to counteract it.
- Published
- 2015
46. Public-Private Dialogue for City Competitiveness : Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth, Companion Paper 7
- Author
-
Sivaev, Dmitry, Herzberg, Benjamin, and Manchanda, Sumit
- Subjects
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ,COMMUNICATIONS ,PRODUCERS ,CUSTOMS ,INFORMATION ,CITIES ,GLOBAL MARKET ,TAX ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,PROCESS ,INFORMAL RELATIONSHIPS ,KNOWLEDGE BASE ,METROPOLITAN AREA ,PRACTICE ,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICY ,RETENTION ,MONITORING ,LAND USE ,PRODUCTIVITY ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,DISPOSABLE INCOME ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,SUB-NATIONAL ,COMPETITIVENESS ,LICENSES ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,BUSINESS ,ENTRY POINT ,INSTITUTIONS ,STORIES ,CITY ,SUBSIDIES ,PROFIT ,CITY GOVERNMENTS ,PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT ,BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS ,POLLUTION ,SEARCH ,TRANSFERS ,EXPLOITATION ,INSTITUTION ,ARTISANS ,POLITICAL CAPITAL ,ENVIRONMENT ,TOWN ,ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY ,DISTRICTS ,PERFORMANCE ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PATENTS ,BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ,TRADE ,POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ,DISCUSSION ,CAPABILITIES ,INNOVATION PROGRAM ,PROPERTY ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,MARKETING ,COORDINATION MECHANISMS ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DATA ,RESOURCES ,INNOVATION ,TRADEOFFS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,COLLABORATION ,MAYORS ,CAPITALS ,CARBON ,RELATIONSHIPS ,BUSINESS SECTOR ,PRIVATE SECTORS ,TAX REGIME ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,NETWORK ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,TAXATION ,RESULT ,GROWTH POTENTIAL ,CITY COMPETITIVENESS ,KNOWLEDGE SHARING ,ECONOMIES ,CITY COUNCIL ,BOUNDARIES ,COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION ,NETWORKS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,COMMUNITY ,TARGET ,CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE ,SUPPLY CHAIN ,REVENUE ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,TIME PERIOD ,COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS ,CITY-REGION ,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ,CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,CITY ADMINISTRATION ,PARTICIPATION ,ADMINISTRATION ,COMMERCE ,EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ,CREDIT ,SUPPLY CHAINS ,EXPERTS ,TARGETS ,KNOWLEDGE ,TECHNOLOGY ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,PROCESSES ,MUNICIPALITY ,COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE ,UNDERSTANDING ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,RESULTS ,COLLABORATIVE WORK ,DOCUMENTS ,BUSINESSES ,REVENUES ,BUSINESS REGULATIONS ,CITY POWER ,SMALL TOWN ,ICT ,PRACTITIONERS - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to review and analyze existing literature on Public Private Dialogue (PPD) and the way it can be applied to address the issues of competitiveness at the city level. The paper aims to explain how traditional PPD approaches and techniques should be adjusted for application at the city level.
- Published
- 2015
47. The Nile Story : 15 years of Nile Cooperation--Making an Impact
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
RIVERS ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASINS ,FLOOD RISK ,HYDROPOWER PROJECT ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,ABUNDANCE OF WATER ,USE OF WATER ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,WATER ,STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ,BASIN DEVELOPMENT ,STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT ,POLICY MAKERS ,WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ,IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ,LAND USE ,AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,MUNICIPAL WATER ,COMMUNITY MEMBERS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,VALUES ,POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS ,WATER RESOURCE ,FLOOD MANAGEMENT ,OIL ,CLIMATIC DIVERSITY ,MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES ,WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM ,OPTIONS ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,WATER POLICY ,FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT ,RIPARIAN STATES ,WATER BASINS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,ACCEPTABLE QUALITY ,SCARCITY OF WATER ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL ,MODELS ,WATER MANAGEMENT ,FISHING ,FLOOD WARNINGS ,IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCE CONSERVATION ,HYDROPOWER PRODUCTION ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT ,HYDROPOWER EXPANSION ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,RAINFALL VARIABILITY ,WATER CAPACITY ,SUSTAINABLE WATER ,WATER RIGHTS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,DRINKING WATER ,MANAGEMENT OF WATER ,FARMING COMMUNITIES ,METEOROLOGICAL DATA ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,WATER ALLOCATION ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,TRADE ,RANGELANDS ,WATER SAVINGS ,CLEAN WATER ,WETLANDS MANAGEMENT ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT ,MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY ,WATER SCARCITY ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,WATER SECTOR ,HYDROPOWER CAPACITY ,WATER USERS ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,RIVER CATCHMENT ,ARID ZONES ,RESOURCES ,AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,DEMAND ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,WATER CONSERVATION ,ADEQUATE WATER ,NATIONAL WATER POLICY ,SUPPLY OF WATER ,ARABLE LAND ,RIVER BASIN ,WATER DEPARTMENT ,CARBON ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,COAL ,ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS ,CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CATCHMENT AREAS ,WATER DEVELOPMENT ,DROUGHT ,WETLANDS ,EFFICIENT USE OF WATER ,ECONOMIES ,WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT ,HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT ,TARIFFS ,LOCAL WATER MANAGEMENT ,DOWNSTREAM COUNTRIES ,EFFICIENT WATER USE ,BASIN MANAGEMENT ,FLOOD CONTROL ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,CONSERVATION OF NATURE ,LAND DEGRADATION ,REVENUE ,EQUITY ,ECONOMIC VALUE ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,NATIONAL WATER POLICIES ,CATCHMENT AREA ,PROFITS ,CREDIT ,RIPARIAN COUNTRIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,CONSERVATION OF WATER ,AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ,WATER POLICIES ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ,FORESTRY ,FRESHWATER RESOURCES ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,WATER QUALITY ,WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ,WATER SUPPLY ,WATER USE ,DECISION MAKERS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,ECONOMIES OF SCALE ,REVENUES ,FLOOD FORECASTING ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,INTERNATIONAL WATERS ,WATER RESOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,WATER QUALITY MONITORING ,DEFORESTATION ,FISHERIES - Abstract
The Nile Story is one of immense challenges and remarkable achievements for the economic development of the region. It begins in 1999, when the ministers in charge of water affairs in the Nile countries agreed to form the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). Between 2003 and 2015, the Nile Basin Trust Fund (NBTF) supported and coordinated cooperative work in the region, which has been delivered mainly through the NBI. This book, commissioned by the World Bank on the closure of the NBTF, captures some insights to this 15 year story, the role of the NBI, and how its many achievements have been made along the way.
- Published
- 2015
48. Country Partnership Framework the Arab Republic of Egypt for the Period FY2015-2019
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLLUTION CONTROL ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,POLICY‐MAKERS ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,EMISSIONS ,HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,POLLUTION ABATEMENT ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,WATER POLLUTION ,CROWDING OUT ,ELECTRICITY DEMAND ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,TAX REFORMS ,LAND RECLAMATION ,BANK ,ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ,FOSSIL FUELS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,ABATEMENT ,OPEC ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,TAX REFORM ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,FINANCE ,POLLUTION ,FARMS ,PRICES ,WAGES ,CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,CAPITAL GAINS ,EMPIRICAL STUDIES ,ECONOMIC SITUATION ,SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ,SUSTAINABLE WATER ,CARBON EMISSIONS ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,DEFICIT FINANCING ,CONSUMPTION ,AQUIFERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,RECLAMATION ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MARKET PRICES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,AUDITS ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ,COAL ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,ECONOMIES ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,TARIFFS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,LAND DEGRADATION ,CROWDING‐OUT ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,GOVERNMENT SECURITIES ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,NATURAL RESOURCE BASE ,COMPETITION ,ECONOMIC EXCHANGE ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,SECURITIES ,URBAN AIR POLLUTION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,CONDITIONALITY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,AIR QUALITY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,CPI ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
The World Bank Group (WBG) Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Egypt forFY15-19 has been prepared at an important juncture in Egypt’s history to support transformational changes to the economic and social space. It builds on the Government of Egypt’s (GOE) medium-term strategy and national priorities for economic development, responds to client demands, and is informed by consultations with a broad array of stakeholders in Egypt. At the same time, the CPF proposes selective interventions in line with the development priorities of the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Egypt, and draws on the WBG’s comparative advantage. This program will also seek to implement the new MENA Regional strategy, especially the pillars on renewing the social contract, supporting economic recovery, and promoting regional cooperation. The CPF supports a transformative program to renew the social contract to support private sector job creation, social inclusion, and enhanced governance. The WBG is moving towards more than doubling its lending program compared to the recent past, to a total of about $8 billion over FY15-19, of which an indicative amount of about $6 billion is requested by the authorities to come from IBRD and about $2 billion from IFC. The actual volume and pace of IBRD lending will dependon the implementation of the program, including the ability to address macroeconomic risks, choice of instruments and economic performance in the course of the CPF period, continued Government interest in IBRD financing, and on IBRD’s lending capacity and demands from other borrowers. Similarly, the actual investments by IFC and guarantees by MIGA during the CPF period will depend on improvements in macroeconomic stability and progress in investmentclimate reforms that would boost investor confidence and facilitate greater private sector participation.
- Published
- 2015
49. Country Partnership Framework for the Plurinational State of Bolivia for the Period FY16-FY20
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,MARKET COMPETITION ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,RIVER BASINS ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,TERMS OF TRADE ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,MANDATES ,VALUES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS ,MUNICIPALITIES ,URBANIZATION ,GOVERNMENTS ,SEWAGE ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,AUDITING ,BANK ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,EQUITY INVESTMENTS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ,PROPERTY VALUES ,STRATEGIES ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,WELFARE GAINS ,MODELS ,PAYMENT SYSTEMS ,SUBSIDIES ,DEPOSITS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,FINANCE ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,EXPLOITATION ,ENTERPRISES ,DECISION MAKING ,ENVIRONMENT ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,DRINKING WATER ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,AQUIFERS ,SERVICES ,LARGE CITIES ,PUBLIC DEBT ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,TRADE ,BANKING SECTOR ,COST SAVINGS ,SAVING ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,PROPERTY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,AUTONOMY ,FACTORING ,RESOURCES ,DEMAND ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ,ARABLE LAND ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,RESOURCE OWNERSHIP ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,RESOURCE USE ,ECONOMIES ,BARRIERS TO ENTRY ,GOVERNANCE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,INTERNATIONAL RESERVES ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FISCAL POLICY ,OIL PRICES ,AIR POLLUTION ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,LAND DEGRADATION ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,SOCIAL SAFETY NETS ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,SOIL DEGRADATION ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,MIGRATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,PROFITS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,SUSTAINABLE USE ,MICROFINANCE ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,FISCAL POLICIES ,LABOR ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,HOUSING ,INTEREST ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,WATER SUPPLY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,LABOR FORCE ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,SAVINGS ,REVENUES ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PIT ,TRUST FUNDS ,DEFORESTATION ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ELECTRICITY SERVICES - Abstract
Bolivia’s distinct characteristics and aspirations are a key for understanding its development trajectory. Bolivia is one of the countries with the highest share of indigenous population, representing a tapestry of different groups with different historical, cultural and economic features, with a significant influence in policy decision making. The country is landlocked and one of the most sparsely populated in the world. As a result, long distances to the nearest seaports and markets and a challenging topography pose important natural constraints to economic expansion, and hamper broad-based and inclusive growth. Bolivia is also wealthy in natural resources, not only in hydrocarbon and in mining but in forestry and arable land, with high potential for growth, which make it vulnerable to commodity price shocks. In addition, in the last decade, the country has experienced a profound economic and political paradigm shift, enshrined in the 2009 Constitution, which has been predominantly driven by a state-led development model geared at addressing the social aspirations of Bolivians. The Agenda Patriótica provides the overall policy vision to 2025 and includes 13 strategic pillars. The PDES contains a five-year rolling plan with policy actions and budgets to operationalize the Agenda Patriótica. The overarching development agenda of the Government is still, by and large, based on an economic model that emphasizes state-led public investment, but which is increasingly opening up to private investment in important areas.
- Published
- 2015
50. Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Indonesia for the Period FY16 - FY20
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,MARKET POWER ,SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT ,COMPLEX TASK ,CHILDREN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM ,FAMILIES ,TERMS OF TRADE ,IMPLEMENTATION ,POLICY MAKERS ,LAND USE ,EMISSIONS ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,VALUES ,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ,WATER POLLUTION ,HOLISTIC APPROACH ,WORKERS ,OIL ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,MARKET INSTRUMENTS ,HEALTH ,LABOR COSTS ,INTERVENTION ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,MODELS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,SUBSIDIES ,FISHING ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,QUALITY STANDARDS ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,TAX REVENUE ,FISH ,POLLUTION ,PRICES ,WAGES ,TIMBER ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,SUSTAINABLE WATER ,ENVIRONMENT ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,MORTALITY ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,CONSUMPTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,DEBT ,RISKS ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,FOOD POLICIES ,TRADE ,DEMOGRAPHICS ,PERVERSE INCENTIVES ,ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY ,EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ,STRESS ,RESOURCES ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEMAND ,PRIVATE CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,CARBON ,COAL ,ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ,GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ,FARM SYSTEMS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,ECONOMIES ,TARIFFS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,OIL PRICES ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,LAND DEGRADATION ,EMISSION REDUCTION ,REVENUE ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,GREENHOUSE GASES ,LAND ,EFFICIENCY ,OIL SECTOR ,NATURAL RESOURCE BASE ,SOCIAL COSTS ,CREDIT ,EXPENDITURES ,FISHERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,SECURITIES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,KNOWLEDGE ,STRATEGY ,INTERNET ,LABOR MARKETS ,FORESTRY ,EXPECTATIONS ,ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ,ECONOMICS ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,CAPITAL FORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LABOR FORCE ,REVENUES ,HEALTH SERVICES ,CPI ,DEFORESTATION ,FISHERIES ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
Seventy years after independence and more than a decade of political and institutional reforms, Indonesia has emerged as a stable democracy. Indonesia’s achievements are now under stress, with a slowdown in its commodity driven economy, stagnant rates of poverty reduction, and rapidly rising inequality. The development policy review, completed in 2014, and the systematic country diagnostic (SCD), completed in 2015, explain the limited window of opportunity for Indonesia to reach high per capita income levels. This country partnership framework (CPF), covering the period FY2016-20, builds on the previous country partnership strategy (CPS) FY2013-15 and the long-term operational and policy-based support that has been a hallmark of World Bank Group’s (WBG’s) engagement with the Government of India (GoI) for the past decade. The CPF concentrates on areas of infrastructure necessary to better connect the economy, provide sustainable energy, help the country reap benefits from the rapid pace of urbanization, and improve equality of opportunity through better access of the poor and vulnerable to essential water and sanitation services. The CPF will seek to maximize synergies across the WBG and take advantage of all instruments in support of the CPF goals. The CPF will require a larger financing package than the previous CPS, although WBG’s total contribution will still be a very small percentage of overall borrowing needs.
- Published
- 2015
Catalog
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