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Knitting technology: processes and main products ABSTRACT Currently, the uses and applications of textile products include those intended for domestic use (decorative textiles, furniture, etc.), passing through the wide field of clothing, on the one hand, linked to the great social and cultural phenomena of fashion, and, on the other, to professional or sports clothing, including the specialized segment of technical fabrics, with its great influence on technological innovations, with exponential growth in its applications and in its global technological demand. Within the textile activity, the knitting segment is one of the oldest, recovering its origin to the manual knitting process. Knitting technology is always evolving, and improvements in machine software systems and graphic design give technicians, designers and engineers more options for making technical fabrics. On the other hand, technological innovations in knitting machines are gradually making fashion more sustainable, through new forms of textile production that are more efficient, avoiding the waste of water, energy and raw materials in addition to eliminating pollution. In this article, some technological innovations used in the manufacture of knitted products will be presented.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar e experimentar soluções ambientalmente sustentáveis, utilizando resíduos de malharia circular de algodão e o tricô, para a fabricação de novos produtos de moda. Como matérias - primas principais foram utilizados tecidos defeituosos descartados por empresas e peças descartadas por consumidores. A ferramenta usada para o desenvolvimento do processo criativo foi a matriz morfológica, com esta técnica foram geradas aproximadamente cento e cinquenta ideias de produtos de vestuário. Cinco ideias de concepção de produtos foram identificadas como principa is. Foi confeccionado um protótipo de um colete curto com o objetivo de mostrar a viabilidade da aplicação da matriz morfológica para o desenvolvimento de produtos criativos em moda. A reprodutibilidade da metodologia proposta foi testada com sucesso por artesãos que trabalham com técnicas de tricô manual.

Each Industrial Revolution played a key role in the production-consumption pattern of textile products. Given the complexity of the Textile and Apparel Industry, the production systems have varying degrees of conceptual and technological innovation. Thus, the objective of this research is to present a model that includes the projection of technological changes in the production and consumption of textiles from the contrast between the descriptions of patents, scientific articles, and trends and tools of the Industry 4.0. It was possible to infer that the components of the Textile and Apparel Industry are undergoing an evolutionary process, which includes the automation of machinery parts and processes. The technological tools that characterize the Industry 4.0 are not yet fully integrated into textile production, and the challenge for the textile industry is to keep up with these innovations that impact on production, on business models, on consumer habits, and on social aspects. Keywords: textile and apparel industry, Industry 4.0, assessment, forecasting.

This paper is based on the study of the application of the tools of design methodology in technological textile products also called smart fabrics. The application of the design methodology in the creative process took place in a textile factory by checking the contributions to the creativity, innovation, and quality. The purpose of studying the design practices in the use of resources and methods of the textile contributes to the development of the product and also meets the needs of customers. In this context, modifications were necessary to the development tools in the creative process that may cause the best use, reduction and cost containment improving the overall quality and meeting customers’ needs. There is much talk about making products, refining and improving, but there is hardly any detailed application on how to carry it out, what parameters are used to such an achievement and what solutions are applied to the design process. The application in creative processes and product design follows parameters that are often provided by customers. The concepts that are linked to these product development processes, and the understanding of their purpose helps reveal the customers’ needs. Keywords: design methodology, creative process, textile design.

This work demonstrates the development and construction of a system composed of various devices dedicated to measurement and control of temperature and humidity able to simulate the human body's behavior regarding its latent heat, sweating, influence on exposure to wind and cold controlled. The system also comprises of mobile sensors able to measure the temperature and humidity between tissue layers disposed on the main assembly, simulating the formation of microclimate between the skin and worn textile article. The structure built at the end of the work has modular and optional interconnection with external datalog systems, expanding the future research and development.

This literature review explores the problem of post-consumption of green coconut in Brazil. It starts by offering an analysis of the general aspects of the coconut industry and its derivatives. It also highlights the origins of coconut by-products, as well as the impacts of the industry in rural and urban management. The properties and potential uses of coconut by-products are also evaluated. The review presents diverse theoretical approaches regarding the concept of sustainable development as applied to product design. Results reveal a wide range of potential applications of coconut by-products in the field of engineering, although there is still an evident lack of research into the management and logistics of the coconut production chain. We argue that the concept of sustainability must be interpreted broadly, but also objectively, in any future research in order to facilitate the sustainable consumption and post-consumption of the green coconut., Esta revisão explora problema do pós-consumo do coco verde no Brasil. Inicialmente foi feita uma investigação sobre os aspectos gerais da indústria do coco e de seus derivados. A origem da geração dos subprodutos do coco e as consequências de tal indústria para a gestão rural e urbana também foram apontados. Em seguida, foram pesquisados artigos e relatórios científicos para conferir as propriedades e as possíveis aplicações dos subprodutos de coco. Para complementar, foram apresentadas diferentes visões sobre o conceito teórico do desenvolvimento sustentável aplicado ao design de produtos. Como resultado, a literatura cobre uma variada gama de aplicações para os subprodutos do coco em engenharia, entretanto, carece de pesquisas na área de gestão e logística da cadeia do coco. Conclui-se que os conceitos de sustentabilidade devem ser interpretados de forma ampla e objetiva em pesquisas futuras a fim de viabilizar o consumo e o pós-consumo sustentável da fruta.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study on the characteristics of knitted fabrics used in the manufacturing of apparel, which are produced from organic cotton, lyocell and soybean protein fiber (SPF). It is important for both the environment and society that textile industry continues to adopt more ecofriendly materials and furthermore, pushes to increase awareness regarding these material choices available to the consumer and the corresponding impacts of consumers’ decisions. The use of sustainable fibers may be a starting point for changing the industrial paradigm of the textile industry. Design/methodology/approach – The research presented herein analyzes the potential use of three raw materials used in the development of knitted fabrics: organic cotton, lyocell and SPF. The experimental trials, based on norms, determined the weight, pilling, rupture pressure resistance, absorption by capillarity, dimensional alteration and elasticity. The significance of the experimental results was verified through the analysis of variance, with a confidence interval of 95 percent (p=0.05) and the determination of the optimal regulation of the machine was made through an analysis of the response surface. Findings – The results indicate that each of the studied materials are suitable for textile application; however, the fabrics manufactured from soybean yarn, compared to those manufactured from organic cotton or lyocell, have a higher potential to meet the needs of the costumer. Social implications – The discussion regarding sustainability is far reaching on the ways it interacts with human life. As such, the latent need for meeting this new demand presents a unique opportunity for the development of new processes and products. In the case of the textile industry, initiatives are gradually being adopted that make the processes used by the supply chain less damaging to the environment. Clothing and fashion are highly visible elements of society, so consequently, the textile industry serves as an excellent candidate for promoting a sustainable and eco-friendly mindset. Originality/value – The incorporation of sustainable fibers can serve as a starting point for change to the industrial paradigm existing within the textile industry. To this point, this study intended to analyze the potential implementation of three raw materials – organic cotton, lyocell and SPF – in the development of knitted fabrics. The results indicated that these materials are adequate for textile applications.