Author: "Tse R" / Topic: economics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Introduction to the thematic issue on government‐provided services

Author: Rabah Amir, Rim Lahmandi-Ayed, Helmuth Cremer, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Institut d'Etudes Avancées [AMU] (IMéRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Modélisation et Analyse Statistique et Economique (UR MASE), Ecole Supérieure de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information (ESSAIT), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Government, Thematic map, Sociology and Political Science, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ACL-2, Economics, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Public administration, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Finance
Abstract: International audience; Introduction to the thematic issue on government‐provided services
Published: 2020

2. Animal welfare: Antispeciesism, veganism and a 'life worth living'

Author: Romain Espinosa, Nicolas Treich, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), ANR-19-CE21-0005,EPDAW,Economie de l'alimentation végétale et de la condition animale(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, antispeciesism, life worth living, animal welfare, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Animal welfare, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, meat consumption, Social policy, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Consumption (economics), Public economics, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, rearing conditions, 040201 dairy & animal science, Social welfare function, International political economy, veganism, Welfare, Social choice theory, farm animals, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Public finance
Abstract: International audience; While antispeciesism is an ethical notion, veganism is behavioral. In this paper, we examine the links between the two. Building on Blackorby and Donaldson (1992), we consider a two-species model in which humans consume animals. The level of antispeciesism is conceived as the weight on animals' welfare in the utilitarian social welfare function. We show that more antispeciesism increases meat consumption if and only if animals' utility is positive. That is, the critical condition is whether farm animals' lives are worth living. We then empirically explore this condition using a survey. We find that farm-animal experts and frequent meat eaters are more likely to believe that the lives of farm animals are worth living. We finally discuss some issues in the study of animal welfare in economics and social choice.
Published: 2021

3. Viewpoint: regulating meat consumption to improve health, the environment and animal welfare

Author: Bouamra, Zohra, Bonnet, Céline, Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra, Requillart, Vincent, Treich, Nicolas, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Station d'économie et sociologie rurales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Environment, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development, 03 medical and health sciences, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs • Distributional Effects • Employment Effects, Animal welfare, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Climate change, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, JEL: H - Public Economics, health care economics and organizations, 2. Zero hunger, Consumption (economics), 0303 health sciences, Public economics, Animal Welfare (journal), 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, humanities, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis • Prices, Health, 13. Climate action, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics, Meat consumption, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents/H.H3.H31 - Household, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Developed country, Regulation, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Meat consumption has increased significantly in the last 50 years. This trend raises various health and environmental issues, as well as moral concerns regarding farm animal welfare. In this paper, we discuss the regulation of meat consumption in developed countries. Specifically, we discuss possible justifications for this regulation in terms of environmental, health and animal welfare considerations, as well as the effect of fiscal, informational and behavioral regulatory instruments. Finally, we present a list of challenges that policy makers and food scholars may need to confront in the future.
Published: 2020

4. God insures those who pay? Formal insurance and religious offerings in Ghana

Author: Paul Seabright, Emmanuelle Auriol, Julie Lassébie, Amma Panin, Eva Raiber, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), European Project: 249429,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-AdG,COGNITION(2010), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Informal insurance, 050204 development studies, Survey result, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G22 - Insurance • Insurance Companies • Actuarial Studies, JEL: Z - Other Special Topics/Z.Z1 - Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology/Z.Z1.Z12 - Religion, O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, Insurance policy, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Set (psychology), B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Public economics, D14 - Household Saving, O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors, Charitable giving, Z12 - Religion, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Insurance Companies, Institutional Arrangements, Shadow Economy, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, Dictator, Personal FinanceG22 - Insurance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D14 - Household Saving, Personal Finance, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors • Shadow Economy • Institutional Arrangements, Economics of religion, Actuarial Studies
Abstract: This article provides experimental support for the hypothesis that insurance can be a motive for religious donations. We randomize enrollment of members of a Pentecostal church in Ghana into a commercial funeral insurance policy. Then church members allocate money between themselves and a set of religious goods in a series of dictator games with significant stakes. Members enrolled in insurance give significantly less money to their own church compared with members who only receive information about the insurance. Enrollment also reduces giving toward other spiritual goods. We set up a model exploring different channels of religiously based insurance. The implications of the model and the results from the dictator games suggest that adherents perceive the church as a source of insurance and that this insurance is derived from beliefs in an interventionist God. Survey results suggest that material insurance from the church community is also important and we hypothesize that these two insurance channels exist in parallel.
Published: 2020

5. Les modèles alimentaires et les défis pour les sciences économiques

Author: Vincent Réquillart, Stéphan Marette, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRA TSE-R Toulouse School of Economics, and ANR-17-CE21-0003,DIETPLUS,Effets des changements de régimes alimentaires sur l'équilibre des marchés, le partage de la valeur dans les filières, la santé publique, l'environnement et l'usage des sols.(2017)
Subjects: Dietary models, Scrutiny, Inequality, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Supply chain, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Dietary model, Unbalanced diet, Alimentation déséquilibrée, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Health profile, 050207 economics, education, Durabilité, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Public economics, business.industry, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Modèle d'alimentation, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Economic model, business, Food production system, Système de production alimentaire
Abstract: International audience; AbstractThis introductory article presents the three main challenges faced in economics to issues raised by dietary models. The first part of this paper examines the dietary models that maximise the health profile of a population under various constraints, including environmental and agronomic criteria. The second part introduces the possibilities of economic modelling to complement these dietary models, despite the limitations of economic approaches. The third part suggests new research proposals by asserting that overlooked questions deserve further scrutiny. We emphasise that economic models are particularly useful to analyse trade-offs between the various objectives underlying a sustainable food system. However, possible improvements should tackle, first, possible substitutions between food categories by consumers; second, adjustments in supply chains; and third, measures of inequality resulting from significant changes towards sustainability. Such improvements may be difficult to realise but are technically possible.; Cet article introductif présente les trois principaux défis auxquels sont confrontés les modèles économiques face aux problèmes soulevés par les modèles alimentaires. La première partie de cet article présente les modèles alimentaires qui maximisent le profil de santé d'une population sous diverses contraintes, incluant des critères environnementaux et agronomiques. La deuxième partie présente les possibilités de modélisation économique permettant de compléter ces modèles alimentaires. La troisième partie suggère de nouvelles propositions de recherche méritant un examen plus approfondi. Nous soulignons que les modèles économiques sont particulièrement utiles pour analyser les compromis entre les différents objectifs définissant un système alimentaire durable. Les améliorations possibles devraient étudier, premièrement, les substitutions possibles entre les catégories d'aliments par les consommateurs, deuxièmement, les ajustements dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement, et troisièmement, les mesures d’inégalités résultant de changements importants pour atteindre la durabilité. De telles améliorations peuvent être difficiles à réaliser, mais elles sont techniquement possibles.
Published: 2020

6. Beyond Truth-Telling: Preference Estimation with Centralized School Choice and College Admissions

Author: Gabrielle Fack, Yinghua He, Julien Grenet, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Rice University [Houston], Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, PSL Research University (PSL), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE30-0004,DesignEdu,Le design des politiques d'éducation : Résultats empiriques pour l'enseignement secondaire à Paris(2014), ANR-14-FRAL-0005,FDA,La formation des préférences et les effets de pairs dans l’admission à l’université : L'acceptation doublement différé(2014), European Project: 295298,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110406,DYSMOIA(2012), Bauer, Caroline, Appel à projets générique - Le design des politiques d'éducation : Résultats empiriques pour l'enseignement secondaire à Paris - - DesignEdu2014 - ANR-14-CE30-0004 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Programme franco-allemand en Sciences humaines et sociales - La formation des préférences et les effets de pairs dans l'admission à l'université : L'acceptation doublement différé - - FDA2014 - ANR-14-FRAL-0005 - FRAL - VALID, Dynamic Structural Economic Models: Identification and Estimation - DYSMOIA - - EC:FP7:ERC2012-06-01 - 2017-05-31 - 295298 - VALID, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), ANR-14-FRAL-0005,FDA,La formation des préférences et les effets de pairs dans l'admission à l'université : L'acceptation doublement différé(2014), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Matching (statistics), School Choice, Stability (learning theory), jel:C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C78 - Bargaining Theory • Matching Theory, jel:D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D50 - General, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C78 - Bargaining Theory • Matching Theory, School choice, Stable Matching, Admission Criteria, 0502 economics and business, Mathematics education, Economics, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, jel:I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I21 - Analysis of Education, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D61 - Allocative Efficiency • Cost–Benefit Analysis, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Estimation, Student Preferences, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], CollegeAdmissions, 05 social sciences, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I21 - Analysis of Education, Truth telling, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Preference, Test (assessment), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design/D.D4.D47 - Market Design, Gale-Shapley Deferred Acceptance Mechanism, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D61 - Allocative Efficiency • Cost–Benefit Analysis, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D50 - General, College Admissions
Abstract: We propose novel approaches to estimating student preferences with data from matching mechanisms, especially the Gale-Shapley deferred acceptance. Even if the mechanism is strategy-proof, assuming that students truthfully rank schools in applications may be restrictive. We show that when students are ranked strictly by some ex ante known priority index (e.g., test scores), stability is a plausible and weaker assumption, implying that every student is matched with her favorite school/college among those she qualifies for ex post. The methods are illustrated in simulations and applied to school choice in Paris. We discuss when each approach is more appropriate in real-life settings. (JEL D11, D12, D82, I23)
Published: 2020

7. A Context-based Procedure for Assessing Participatory Schemes in Environmental Planning

Author: Guy-El-Karim Berthomé, Alban Thomas, Mutations des activités, des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux ( METAFORT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech-ENITA Clermont-CEMAGREF-UR MECF, Toulouse School of Economics ( TSE ), Toulouse School of Economics, Mutations des activités, des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (METAFORT), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-ENITA Clermont-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Territoires (Territoires), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Stakeholder, Assessing Participatory, 021107 urban & regional planning, Qualitative property, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 02 engineering and technology, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 0506 political science, Bargaining power, Participatory GIS, Cheap talk, Public participation, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, Signaling game, Performance indicator, Environmental planning, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The efficiency of participatory schemes in environmental planning is an emerging research area, and many issues are not solved yet regarding the assessment of such procedures. It is essential for decision makers to identify improvement opportunities of participatory schemes. We propose an original procedure to address such issue, through a bargaining model from the signaling game literature, which accounts for participation design as well as for agents' preferences, beliefs and bargaining power. The model is calibrated using qualitative data from surveys in French local communities involved in municipal solid waste management. Model simulations are used to test for assumptions on the stakeholder dialogue and explore sensitivity of game outcomes to structural parameters. We propose a set of performance indicators to identify the most effective participatory schemes in achieving convergence in stakeholder positions regarding environmental and land-use planning.
Published: 2017

8. On competitive nonlinear pricing

Author: Thomas Mariotti, François Salanié, Andrea Attar, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Management Research (TSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse School of Management (TSM), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse School of Management (TSM), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, adverse selection, competing mechanisms, limit-order book, Financial economics, jel:D82, Adverse selection, jel:D86, "competing mechanisms", jel:D43, Market maker, Supply and demand, Insider, Economies et finances, Microeconomics, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Private information retrieval, Nonlinear pricing, 050205 econometrics, Adverse selection", Financial market, 05 social sciences, Nonparametric statistics, Contrast (statistics), Exceptional circumstances, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design/D.D4.D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection, Economies and finances, D82, Balance (accounting), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, competing mechanism, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 050206 economic theory, D86, "limit-order book, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design, D43
Abstract: We study a discriminatory limit-order book in which uninformed market makers compete in nonlinear tariffs to serve an informed insider. Our model allows for general nonparametric specifications of preferences and for arbitrary discrete distributions for the insider's private information. We show that adverse selection severely restricts possible equilibrium outcomes: in any pure-strategy equilibrium, tariffs must be linear and at most one type may trade, leading to an extreme form of market breakdown. As a result, such equilibria only exist under exceptional circumstances. The Bertrandlike logic underlying these results markedly differs from Cournot-like analyses of the limit-order book that postulate a continuum of types. We argue that these contrasting outcomes can be reconciled when one considers "-equilibria of either the game with a large number of market makers or the game with a large number of insider types. Mixed-strategy equilibria, by contrast, lead to a new class of equilibrium predictions that calls for further analysis.
Published: 2019

9. Collusion et possibilité d’entrée en aval dans une industrie verticalement intégrée

Author: Eric Avenel, Stéphane Caprice, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), ANR-12-FRAL-0012,CBVC,Concurrence et négociations dans les relations verticales(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, 05 social sciences, intégration verticale, collusion, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior/L.L2.L23 - Organization of Production, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Vertical integration, Purchasing, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design/D.D4.D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies/L.L4.L40 - General, Downstream (manufacturing), 0502 economics and business, Collusion, Economics, entrée, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Industrial organization, exclusion, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: L'article revisite la question de la soutenabilité d'une entente en présence d'une menace d'entrée dans un contexte où les firmes en place sont verticalement intégrées. Les entrants dépendent des firmes intégrées pour leurs approvisionnements. Alors que l'entrée laisse les profits de collusion inchangés, nous montrons que les profits de déviation sont également inchangés et que l'entrée abaisse les profits dans les périodes de punition.[br/] En ce sens, la possibilité d'entrée facilite la collusion entre firmes intégrées., We analyze the sustainability of an agreement in the presence of a threat of entry in a context where incumbent firms are vertically integrated. Entrants depend on integrated firms for their supplies. While the entry leaves collusion profits unchanged, we show that deviation profits are also unchanged and that entry lowers profits in punishment periods. In this sense, the possibility of entry facilitates collusion between integrated firms.
Published: 2018

10. Taxing the Rich

Author: Guillaume Plantin, Augustin Landier, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), European Project: 263673,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,RIFIFI(2010), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Double taxation, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Monetary economics, Tax reform, Risk profile, jel:H21, jel:H26, Microeconomics, Tax avoidance, Tax revenue, Subadditivity, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, education, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, media_common, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance, education.field_of_study, 050208 finance, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H21 - Efficiency • Optimal Taxation, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, International taxation, Social planner, Optimal taxation, 8. Economic growth, Arbitrage, Taxation, Theoretical framework, Tax-avoidance, Regressive tax
Abstract: Affluent households can respond to taxation with means that are not economically viable for the rest of the population, such as sophisticated tax plans and international tax arbitrage. This article studies an economy in which an inequality-averse social planner faces agents who have access to a tax-avoidance technology with subadditive costs, and who can shape the risk profile of their income as they see fit. Subadditive avoidance costs imply that optimal taxation cannot be progressive at the top. This in turn may trigger excessive risk-taking. When the avoidance technology consists in costly migration between two countries that compete fiscally, we show that an endogenous increase in inequality due to risk-taking makes progressive taxation more fragile, which vindicates in turn risk-taking and can lead to equilibria with regressive tax rates at the top, and high migrations of wealth towards the smaller country.
Published: 2017

11. Le scrutin binominal paritaire : un regard d’ingénierie électorale

Author: Nicolas Sauger, Dominique Lepelley, Michel Le Breton, Vincent Merlin, Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien (CEMOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, parité, Economics, Elections départementales, 05 social sciences, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D71 - Social Choice • Clubs • Committees • Associations, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 0506 political science, 0502 economics and business, proportionnelle, 050602 political science & public administration, ingénierie électorale, 050207 economics, scrutin plurinominal, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes an analytical framework in order to evaluate electoral reforms based on a case-study, the reform of the electoral law in French local councils. With an electoral engineering perspective, we focus on two indices, the dismajority index and the disproportionality index. The gender parity requirement enforced by the new binomial ballots has been implemented at the expense of other normative criteria. The systematic analysis of these trade-offs is the core of this paper, with a first application to our case-study.; A partir du cas du changement du mode d’élection des conseillers départementaux français, cet article propose un cadre analytique d’évaluation des réformes de système électoral. Dans une perspective d’ingénierie électorale, deux indices sont utilisés, les indices de dismajorité et de disproportionnalité. On montre ainsi que l’exigence de parité entre hommes et femmes introduite par le scrutin binominal paritaire a pu être réalisée aux dépens d’autres qualités attendues d’un système électoral. L’analyse systématique de ces arbitrages forme le cœur decet article, avec une première application à notre cas d’étude.
Published: 2017

12. Simple centrifugal incentives in spatial competition

Author: Xefteris, Dimitrios, Laussel, D., Breton, Michel Le, University of Cyprus = Université de Chypre, Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cyprus (UCY), departement de langues modernes, École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Xefteris, Dimitrios [0000-0001-7397-5288], École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Electoral competition, Abstention, Symmetric equilibrium, Mixed equilibria, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Competition (economics), Microeconomics, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Spatial model, Centrifugal incentives, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Simple (philosophy), 05 social sciences, Downs, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0506 political science, Incentive, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: This paper studies the effects of introducing centrifugal incentives in an otherwise standard Downsian model of electoral competition. First, we demonstrate that a symmetric equilibrium is guaranteed to exist when centrifugal incentives are induced by any kind of partial voter participation (such as abstention due to indifference, abstention due to alienation, etc.) and, then, we argue that: (a) this symmetric equilibrium is in pure strategies, and it is hence convergent, only when centrifugal incentives are sufficiently weak on both sides (b) when centrifugal incentives are strong on both sides (when, for example, a lot of voters abstain when they are sufficiently indifferent between the two candidates) players use mixed strategies—the stronger the centrifugal incentives, the larger the probability weight that players assign to locations near the extremes and (c) when centrifugal incentives are strong on one side only—say for example only on the right—the support of players’ mixed strategies contain all policies except from those that are sufficiently close to the left extreme. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 46 357 381 357-381
Published: 2017

13. The Long Run Impact of Biofuels on Food Prices

Author: Michel Moreaux, Marie-Hélène Hubert, Ujjayant Chakravorty, Linda Nøstbakken, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Department of Economics, Tufts University [Medford], Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) , French Council of Energy, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Food prices, clean energy, food demand, land quality, renewable fuel standards, transportation, 7. Clean energy, Agricultural economics, 0502 economics and business, Land quality, jel:Q42, Economics, Population growth, jel:Q24, 050207 economics, Leakage (economics), JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, transportation, 050208 finance, Land Quality, business.industry, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy/Q.Q4.Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources, 05 social sciences, Renewable Fuel Standards, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q24 - Land, Food Demand, 15. Life on land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Clean Energy, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Biofuel, Greenhouse gas, Clean energy, jel:Q32, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, business
Abstract: More than 40% of US corn is now used to produce biofuels, which are used as substitutes for gasoline in transportation. Biofuels have been blamed universally for recent increases in world food prices. Many studies have shown that these energy mandates in the US and EU may have a large (30-60%) impact on food prices. In this paper we use a partial equilibrium framework to show that demand-side effects - in the form of population growth and income-driven preferences for meat and dairy products rather than cereals - may play as much of a role in raising food prices as biofuel policy. By specifying a Ricardian model with a differential land quality, we find that a significant amount of new land will be converted to farming which is likely to cause a modest increase in food prices. However, biofuels may increase aggregate world carbon emissions, due to leakage from lower oil prices and conversion of pasture and forest land for farming.
Published: 2017

14. Le Mécanisme Optimal de Vote au Sein du Conseil des Représentants d'un Système Fédéral

Author: Le Breton, Michel, Lepelley, Dominique, Merlin, Vincent, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien (CEMOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: no abstract
Published: 2016

15. Arbitrage and asset market equilibrium in infinite dimensional economies with short-selling and risk-averse expected utilities

Author: Cuong Le Van, Thai Ha-Huy, Manh-Hung Nguyen, Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques (EPEE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), IPAG Business School, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Van Xuan Center of Research in Economics, Management and Environment (VCREME), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme « Investissements d'avenir » portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01.This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX_93-01., Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Infinite number, Sociology and Political Science, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, Asset market, Fundamental theorem of asset pricing, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Compact space, 0502 economics and business, Arbitrage pricing theory, Economics, beliefs, 050206 economic theory, Asset (economics), Arbitrage, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Mathematical economics, General Psychology, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: International audience; We consider a model with an infinite number of states of nature, von Neumann–Morgenstern utilities, where agents have different probability beliefs and where short sells are allowed. We show that no-arbitrage conditions, defined for finite dimensional asset markets models, are not sufficient to ensure existence of equilibrium in presence of an infinite number of states of nature. However, if the individually rational utility set U is compact, we obtain an equilibrium. We give conditions which imply the compactness of U. We give examples of non-existence of equilibrium when these conditions do not hold.
Published: 2016

16. Optimal timing of carbon capture policies under learning-by-doing

Author: Jean-Pierre Amigues, Michel Moreaux, Gilles Lafforgue, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 266992,EC:FP7:SSH,FP7-SSH-2010-2,GLOBAL-IQ(2011), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Economie des ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Learning-by-doing, Energy development, Carbon capture and storage, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Climate change, Coal, 050207 economics, Process engineering, Clean coal, Energy substitution, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Energy consumption, Solar energy, Clean coal technology, Renewable energy, 13. Climate action, business
Abstract: International audience; Using a standard Hotelling model of resource exploitation, we determine the optimal energy consumption paths from three options: dirty coal, which is non-renewable and carbon-emitting; clean coal, which is also non-renewable but carbon-free thanks to carbon capture and storage (CCS); and solar energy, which is renewable and carbon-free. We assume that the atmospheric carbon stock cannot exceed an exogenously given ceiling. Taking into account learning-by-doing in CCS technology, we show the following results: (i) clean coal exploitation cannot begin before the outset of the carbon constrained phase and must stop strictly before the end of this phase; (ii) the energy price path can evolve non-monotonically over time; and (iii) when the solar cost is low enough, an unusual energy consumption sequence along with solar energy is interrupted for some time and replacement by clean coal may exist. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

17. Quality standards versus nutritional taxes: Health and welfare impacts with strategic firms

Author: Vincent, Réquillart, Louis-Georges, Soler, Yu, Zang, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-011-ALID-002-02 OCAD, INRAMetaprogram, European Project: 633692,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,SUSFANS(2015), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Product differentiation, Information policy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Humans, product differentiation, Quality (business), Product (category theory), 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, media_common, computer.programming_language, strategic pricing, nutritional policy, 2. Zero hunger, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, MQS, Public economics, Health Policy, Taste (sociology), 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Taxes, Planner, Taxation, Strategic pricing, Nutritional policy, Social planner, Food, jel:I18, jel:L13, taxation, Nutritive Value, Welfare, computer, jel:Q18, Social Welfare
Abstract: International audience; The goal of this paper is to better understand firms' strategic reactions to nutritional policies targeting food quality improvements and to derive optimal policies. We propose a model of product differentiation, taking into account the taste and health characteristics of products. We study how two firms react to alternative policies: an MQS policy, linear taxation of the two goods on the market, and taxation of the low-quality good. The MQS and the taxation of the low-quality product are the preferred options by a social planner. If taste is moderately important, the MQS policy is chosen by a populist and a paternalist social planner. If taste is a major component of choice, the populist planner chooses to tax the low-quality product whereas the paternalist planner prefers the MQS policy. Finally, for a paternalist social planner, an MQS-based policy always allows for higher levels of welfare than an information policy alone.
Published: 2016

18. Sequential legislative lobbying

Author: Peter Sudhölter, Vera Zaporozhets, Michel Le Breton, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Subgame perfect equilibrium, Microeconomics, symbols.namesake, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, jel:C71, Non-cooperative game, jel:C72, 05 social sciences, jel:D72, Legislature, Bidding, Cooperative game theory, 16. Peace & justice, 0506 political science, Nash equilibrium, Lobbying, cooperative games, noncooperative games, symbols, International political economy, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Public finance
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we analyze the equilibrium of a sequential game-theoretical model of lobbying, due to Groseclose and Snyder (Am Polit Sci Rev 90:303–315, 1996), describing a legislature that vote over two alternatives, where two opposing lobbies compete by bidding for legislators’ votes. In this model, the lobbyist moving first suffers from a second mover advantage and will make an offer to a panel of legislators only if it deters any credible counter-reaction from his opponent, i.e., if he anticipates to win the battle. This paper departs from the existing literature in assuming that legislators care about the consequence of their votes rather than their votes per se. Our main focus is on the calculation of the smallest budget that the lobby moving first needs to win the game and on the distribution of this budget across the legislators. We study the impact of the key parameters of the game on these two variables and show the connection of this problem with the combinatorics of sets and notions from cooperative game theory.
Published: 2012

19. Introduction: Collective action in agriculture

Author: Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache, A. Zago, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Verona (UNIVR), European Project: 331724,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,PRODORG&FOODSUPPLY(2013), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, food industries, 05 social sciences, Collective action, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Economy, Agriculture, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, 050207 economics, Economic system, business, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

20. Trade Policy, Mergers, and Product Differentiation

Author: Michel Cavagnac, Guillaume Cheikbossian, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Montpellier (UM), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Economie des ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Commercial policy, Economics and Econometrics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, International trade, Product differentiation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Competition (economics), Market economy, Host country, 0502 economics and business, Strategic interaction, Strategic behavior, Economics, 050207 economics, business, Welfare, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract: International audience; We analyze the welfare effects of mergers in a strategic trade-policy environment. A merger in one country changes the strategic behavior of all firms in the markets, which in turn modifies the strategic interaction between governments in the policy game. Consequently, the results strongly contrast with those obtained in a laissez-faire economy. Under quantity competition, a merger is always profitable to the host country and can also be profitable to the competing country if products are sufficiently differentiated. Under price competition, a merger is always profitable to both countries but it is more profitable to the host country.
Published: 2015

21. Decreasing aversion under ambiguity

Author: Frédéric Cherbonnier, Christian Gollier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences Po Toulouse - Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse (IEP Toulouse), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 230589,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,LONG-TERM RISKS(2009), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, Structure (category theory), Ambiguity aversion, Function (mathematics), Ambiguity, decreasing concavity, Investment (macroeconomics), Microeconomics, portfolio choice, maxmin, 0502 economics and business, Econometrics, Economics, Asset (economics), 050207 economics, alpha-MEU, Set (psychology), B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Expected utility hypothesis, smooth ambiguity aversion, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract: This research was supported by the Chair of the Financière de la Cité at TSE, by the Chair SCOR-IDEI, and by the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) Grant Agreement no. 230589.; International audience; Under which condition does the set of desirable uncertain prospects expand when wealth increases? We show that the decreasing concavity (DC) of the utility function u is necessary and sufficient in the alpha-maxmin expected utility model. in the smooth ambiguity aversion model with the ambiguity valuation function phi, the DC of u and of phi o u is is necessary and sufficient. An alternative classical definition of decreasing aversion is based on the hypothesis that the investment in a risky asset is increasing in wealth. We show that this hypothesis does not hold in general under ambiguity aversion, and that one needs to constrain the structure of ambiguity to obtain unambiguous results.
Published: 2015

22. Demand learning and firm dynamics: Evidence from exporters

Author: Vincent Rebeyrol, Nicolas Berman, Vincent Vicard, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche de la Banque de France, Banque de France, Fondation Banque de France Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University, A*MIDEX, a French Investissements d'Avenir program, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII), Centre d'analyse stratégique, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Lai Tong, Charles, and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Demand management, Economics and Econometrics, L25, Process (engineering), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, Bayesian inference, Demand learning, firm growth, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Econometrics, jel:L25, Demand, ddc:330, Belief updating, F12, 050207 economics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, uncertainty, firm growth, learning, demand, uncertainty, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Firm growth, Structure (mathematical logic), 050208 finance, Actuarial science, learning, F14, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade, 05 social sciences, Uncertainty, L11, Variance (accounting), demand, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:F14, jel:F12, Product (business), jel:L11, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms, Exports, Dynamics (music), Demand shock, 8. Economic growth, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: This paper provides evidence that learning about demand is an important driver of firms' dynamics. We present a simple model with Bayesian learning in which firms are uncertain about their idiosyncratic demand parameter in each of the markets they serve, and update their beliefs as noisy information arrives in each period. The model predicts that firms update more their beliefs following a new demand shock, the younger they are. To test this learning mechanism, we make use of a specific feature of exporter-level data which contains both the values and the quantities sold by a given firm for the same product in different destination markets. This allows us to derive a methodology that identifies separately the demand shocks faced by the firms and their beliefs about future demand. We find strong support for our main prediction: the updating process appears especially strong in the first years after entry. However, the bulk of accumulated knowledge is lost during short periods of exit. Second, we consider implications of this prediction for firm growth rates and survival. Consistent with the learning model, we find that: (i) the absolute value of the mean growth rate for firms' beliefs decreases with age, as does the variance within cohorts; (ii) exit probability decreases with firms' beliefs and the demand shock the firm faces. Further, demand shocks trigger more exit in younger cohorts.
Published: 2015

23. Promoting local foods in small island states: The role of information policies

Author: Carla Barlagne, François Causeret, Pascale Bazoche, Jean-Marc Blazy, Alban Thomas, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PhD Grant co-financed by the European Union (FSE), La Région Guadeloupe, The INRA social science division. Experiments and data collection were part of the AGROECOTROP project cofinanced by the European Union (FEDER) and the Guadeloupe Regional Council, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L14 - Transactional Relationships • Contracts and Reputation • Networks, willingness-to-pay, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Development, Agricultural economics, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R5 - Regional Government Analysis/R.R5.R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy, Willingness to pay, organic production, 0502 economics and business, Sustainable agriculture, Economics, Production (economics), Quality (business), 050207 economics, experimental economics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Consumption (economics), Food security, business.industry, 05 social sciences, food crops, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance/L.L1.L15 - Information and Product Quality • Standardization and Compatibility, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics/D.D1.D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, Agriculture, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Small Island Developing States, business, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Ensuring the success of agriculture is at the heart of food security, and it is necessary to examine strategies that tackle agricultural development through the production and consumption of sustainable food products. One way to increase food security in small island states is to develop local food sectors by increasing consumers’ awareness about local products with sustainable characteristics. We designed an economic experiment to assess consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for yams with sustainable characteristics: the origin, the intrinsic quality of an alternative variety and the mode of production. The results showed that labelling significantly changes consumers’ valuation of the different yam profiles. Consumers’ WTP for local yams (2.85 € kg-1) was significantly higher than for imported yams (1.80 € kg-1), while the organic mode of production derives a significant premium if information on production methods has been disseminated. The results also suggested that organoleptic characteristics of new varieties should not be overlooked. We conclude on how the labelling strategy could be facilitated through a policy targeting the development of the local food sector.
Published: 2015

24. Equilibrium transitions from non-renewable energy to renewable energy under capacity constraints

Author: Jean-Pierre Amigues, Michel Moreaux, Alain Ayong Le Kama, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 266992,EC:FP7:SSH,FP7-SSH-2010-2,GLOBAL-IQ(2011), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Marginal cost, Economics and Econometrics, Control and Optimization, Primary energy, Natural resource economics, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Energy transition, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 7. Clean energy, adjustment costs, renewable energy, Renewable energy, capacity constraints, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, Renewable energy credit, energy transition, non-renewable resource, 13. Climate action, Intermittent energy source, Economics, Energy source, business, Non-renewable resource
Abstract: The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community's Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007-2013) undergrant agreement no.266992-Global-IQ “Impacts Quantification of global changes”.; International audience; We study the transition between non-renewable and renewable energy sources with adjustment costs over the production capacity of renewable energy. Assuming constant variable marginal costs for both energy sources, convex adjustment costs and a more expensive renewable energy, we show the following. With sufficiently abundant non-renewable energy endowments, the dynamic equilibrium path is composed of a first time phase of only non-renewable energy use followed by a transition phase substituting progressively renewable energy to non-renewable energy before a last time phase of only renewable energy use. The investment into renewable energy may either begin before actual production of renewable energy or be delayed until the energy price achieves a sufficient gap with respect to the renewable energy cost. With an initially abundant non-renewable resource, the features of the transition between non-renewable and renewable energy do not depend upon the initial resource stock.
Published: 2015

25. Powering Up Developing Countries through Integration?

Author: Emmanuelle Auriol, Sara Biancini, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Market integration, Economic integration, Marginal cost, Economics and Econometrics, public utilities, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies/L.L4.L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation, national regulation, Development, infrastructure, Variable cost, Market structure, Market economy, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F15 - Economic Integration, jel:L43, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, market integration, Market power, economies of scale, electricity, 050207 economics, Market share, JEL: F - International Economics/F.F1 - Trade/F.F1.F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies • Fragmentation, 050205 econometrics, regional integration, 050208 finance, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy/L.L5.L51 - Economics of Regulation, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, externalities, Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,Markets and Market Access,Emerging Markets, investment, regulation, International economics, jel:L51, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics/R.R5 - Regional Government Analysis/R.R5.R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis • Public Investment and Capital Stock, Social planner, jel:F12, power market, jel:F15, jel:R53, 8. Economic growth, regulation, competition, market integration, investment, electricity, elasticity, competition, Finance
Abstract: Power market integration is analyzed in a two countries model with nationally regulated firms and costly public funds. If generation costs between the two countries are too similar negative business-stealing outweighs efficiency gains so that following integration welfare decreases in both regions. Integration is welfare-enhancing when the cost difference between the two regions is large enough. The benefit from export profits increases total welfare in the exporting country, while the importing country benefits from lower prices. This is a case where market integration also improves the incentives to invest compared to autarky. The investment levels remain inefficient though. With generation facilities over-investment occurs sometimes, while systematic under-investment occurs for transportation facilities. Free-riding reduces the incentives to invest in these public-good components, while business-stealing tends to reduce the capacity for financing new investment.
Published: 2015

26. The relevance and the limits of the Arrow-Lind Theorem

Author: Christian Gollier, Luc Baumstark, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dao, Taï
Subjects: Geography, Planning and Development, Risk-free interest rate, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Investment (macroeconomics), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 8. Economic growth, Systematic risk, Economics, Arrow, Relevance (information retrieval), [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Mathematical economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carlson's theorem, Arrow-Lind Theorem
Abstract: When an investment project yields socio-economic net benefits that are uncertain but independent of the systematic risk of the economy, these benefits should be discounted at the risk free rate if ...
Published: 2014

27. Economic approaches to precaution: a critical presentation

Author: Gollier, Christian, Treich, Nicolas, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: espérance d'utilité, aversion à l'ambiguïté, precautionary principle, belief revision, ambiguity aversion, économie, principe de précaution, expected utility, economics, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; The precautionary principle is well known nowadays. But does it have an economic foundation? We present two theories of precaution. The first is based on the standard model of expected utility with a Bayesian belief revision. The second is based on ambiguity aversion. We discuss the advantages as well as the weaknesses of these two approaches.; Le principe de précaution est très populaire aujourd’hui. Mais a-t-il un fondement économique ? Nous présentons deux théories économiques de la précaution. La première se base sur le cadre classique d’espérance d’utilité avec révision bayésienne des croyances. La seconde se fonde sur l’aversion à l’ambiguïté. Nous discutons l’intérêt, mais aussi les limites de ces deux approches.
Published: 2014

28. Optimal timing of CCS policies with heterogeneous energy consumption sectors

Author: Michel Moreaux, Jean-Pierre Amigues, Gilles Lafforgue, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Energy resources, Control (management), energy resources, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, air capture, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, Carbon stabilization cap, Heterogeneity, Carbon capture and storage, Air capture, 0502 economics and business, jel:Q42, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Ceiling (aeronautics), carbon stabilization cap, 050207 economics, Consumption (economics), business.industry, 05 social sciences, carbon capture and storage, Energy consumption, Solar energy, Renewable energy, 13. Climate action, jel:Q32, jel:Q54, jel:Q58, heterogeneity, business
Abstract: We acknowledge financial support from the French Energy Council (CFE).; International audience; Using the Chakravorty et al. (2006) ceiling model, we characterize the optimal consumption paths of three energy resources: dirty oil, which is non-renewable and carbon emitting; clean oil, which is also non-renewable but carbon-free thanks to an abatement technology, and solar energy, which is renewable and carbon-free. The resulting energy-mix can supply the energy needs of two sectors. These sectors differ in the additional abatement cost they have to pay for consuming clean rather than dirty oil, as Sector 1 (industry) can abate its emissions at a lower cost than Sector 2 (transport). We show that it is optimal to begin by fully capturing Sector 1's emissions before the ceiling is reached. Also, there may be optimal paths along which the capture devices of both sectors must be activated. In this case, Sector's 1 emissions are fully abated first, before Sector 2 abates partially. Finally, we discuss the way heterogeneity of abatement costs causes sectoral energy price paths to differ.
Published: 2014

29. Land sharing ou land sparing pour la biodiversité : comment les marchés agricoles font la différence

Author: Marion Desquilbet, Denis Couvet, Bruno Dorin, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Polytech'Paris-UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de sciences humaines de New Delhi (CSH), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Association of Agricultural Economists, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-ALID-0002,OCAD,Offrir et Consommer une Alimentation Durable(2011), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Conservation des espèces, restauration et suivi des populations (CERSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Dorin, Bruno, Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, marché agricole, Agriculture intensive, Agriculture extensive, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, F01 - Culture des plantes, Economics, Revenu de l'exploitation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, agriculture, biodiversity, Intensive farming, yield-biodiversity trade-off, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], E11 - Économie et politique foncières, conservation, farming, land use, markets, welfare, agricultural production, technology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecological farming, compromis biodiversité-rendement, Rebound effect (conservation), gestion des ressources naturelles, Économie de production, Prix à la production, production agricole, A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales, modeling, 15. Life on land, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services • Biodiversity Conservation • Bioeconomics • Industrial Ecology, yields catches, Agriculture, trade, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, L01 - Elevage - Considérations générales, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nature conservation, rendement, 010501 environmental sciences, Agricultural economics, biodiversité, JEL: N - Economic History/N.N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, 2. Zero hunger, Utilisation des terres, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], E90 - Structure agraire, [SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Marché, scenario analysis, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], E11 - Economie et politique foncières, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Supply and demand, marchés, ecological system, Élasticité des prix, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, Price elasticity of demand, bien-être, Land use, business.industry, L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales, market, land management, Économie agricole, social, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, food security, conservation, farming, biodiversity, land use, markets, welfare, Land Economics/Use, 13. Climate action, Extensive farming, structure agraire, business
Abstract: A aussi fait l'objet d'une présentation à: Environment Workshop, Toulouse School of Economics ; Toulouse - (2014-11-24 - 2014-11-24) / Workshop; The scientific, political and societal debate on how to prevent the erosion of the world biodiversity has largely concentrated on the effects of two alternative types of agricultural production, land sparing (intensive farming leaving more land for natural spaces) and land sharing (extensive farming richer in biodiversity).For a given production target, Green et al. (2005) conclude in favor of land sparing if the relation between biodiversity and yield is decreasing and convex. Indeed, with a shift to extensive farming, biodiversity then increases little on already cultivated land, while it decreases strongly on newly cultivated land. According to these authors and to Phalan et al. (2011a), available empirical data are in favor of a land sparing strategy.We extend the model of Green et al. (2005) by adding the reaction of supply and demand to prices. We show that extensive farming is more interesting than intensive farming for biodiversity if the relation between biodiversity and yield does not have a very high degree of convexity, if demand reacts to prices and if the profitability of extensive farming is lower. Therefore, we do not obtain the result of Green et al. (2005) when production results from market equilibrium. Besides, extensive farming is detrimental to consumers when their surplus is evaluated in a restrictive way as increasing in quantities consumed and decreasing in prices. Its effect on agricultural producers is indeterminate.Distinguishing food demand in vegetal and animal products, we show that extensive farming reduces mostly the size of the animal product market, which demand is more price elastic. Integrating demand for animal products increases the advantage of extensive farming towards biodiversity by increasing the price elasticity of demand. The opposite result is obtained when we consider the introduction of policies for the mandatory incorporation of biofuels in fuel. Indeed, the demand for biofuels varies little with prices, to the detriment of extensive farming as far as biodiversity conservation is concerned.We discuss the implications of this model on the social pressure on protected areas, on the relations between different outlets and on welfare and food security. We also discuss its contribution to the analyses notably of Perfecto and Vandermeer (2010) and Tscharntke et al. (2012) on this topic. Finally, we discuss how to take into account innovations like ecologically intensive farming.
Published: 2014

30. The Effect of Ambiguity Aversion on Insurance and Self-protection

Author: David Alary, Nicolas Treich, Christian Gollier, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Project: 230589,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,LONG-TERM RISKS(2009), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Ambiguity aversion, modèle, Deductible, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, expectide-utility, assurance, 0502 economics and business, comparative statistics, risk-aversion, model, Economics, 050207 economics, Set (psychology), aversion au risque, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Expected utility hypothesis, Simple (philosophy), 050208 finance, Actuarial science, 05 social sciences, Self protection, statistique, analyse comparative, Insurance coverage
Abstract: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) Grant Agreement no. 230589 and from the Chair “Risk markets and value creation” financed by SCOR at IDEI.; International audience; In this paper, we derive a set of simple conditions such that ambiguity aversion always raises the demand for self-insurance and the insurance coverage, but decreases the demand for self-protection. We also characterize the optimal insurance design under ambiguity aversion, and exhibit a case in which the straight deductible contract is optimal as in the expected utility model.
Published: 2013

31. Willingness to Pay and Sensitivity to Time Framing: A Theoretical Analysis and an Application on Car Safety

Author: Gunnar Lindberg, Kristian Sundström, Henrik Andersson, James K. Hammitt, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Transport Economics, Centre for Transport Studies, Stockholm & Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, AgriFood Economics Centre, Partenaires INRAE, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Harvard University
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Reduced risk, car safety, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, jel:I1, Time frame, Empirical research, Willingness to pay, time frame, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Car safety, Contingent valuation, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Actuarial science, jel:C52, 05 social sciences, Survey research, jel:Q50, Framing (social sciences), Car safety, Contingent valuation, Time frame, Willingness to pay, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, jel:D6, willingness to pay, contingent valuation
Abstract: Stated preference (SP) surveys attempt to obtain monetary values for non-market goods that reflect individuals’ “true” preferences. Numerous empirical studies suggest that monetary values from SP studies are sensitive to survey design and so may not reflect respondents’ true preferences. This study examines the effect of time framing on respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for car safety. We explore how WTP per unit risk reduction depends on the time period over which respondents pay and face reduced risk in a theoretical model and by using data from a Swedish contingent valuation survey. Our theoretical model predicts the effect to be nontrivial in many scenarios used in empirical applications. In our empirical analysis we examine the sensitivity of WTP to an annual and a monthly scenario. Our theoretical model predicts the effect from the time framing to be negligible, but the empirical estimates from the annual scenario are about 70 % higher than estimates from the monthly scenario.
Published: 2013

32. Optimality of impulse harvesting policies

Author: Mabel Tidball, Michel Moreaux, Katrin Erdlenbruch, Alain Jean-Marie, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, 05 social sciences, jel:C61, Regular polygon, Impulse (physics), jel:Q2, Optimal control, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Profit (economics), Convexity, Impulse control, optimal control, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C61 - Optimization Techniques • Programming Models • Dynamic Analysis, submodularity, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Special case, Submodularity,renewable resource economics,Impulse control,optimal control, renewable resource economics, Mathematical economics, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation, impulse control, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]GEUSI; International audience; We explore the link between cyclical and smooth resource exploitation. We define an impulse control framework which can generate both cyclical solutions and steady-state solutions. Our model can admit convex and concave profit functions and allows the integration of different stock-dependent profit functions. We show that the strict concavity of the profit function is only a special case of a more general condition, related to submodularity, that ensures the existence of optimal cyclical pol- icies. We then establish a link with the discrete-time models with cyclical solutions by Benhabib and Nishimura (J Econ Theory 35:284-306, 1985) and Dawid and Kopel (J Econ Theory 76:272-297, 1997). For the steady-state solution, we explore the relation to Clark's (1976) continuous control model.
Published: 2013

33. Global Impacts of the Biofuel Mandate under a Carbon Tax

Author: Marie-Hélène Hubert, Ujjayant Chakravorty, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: carbon tax, Economics and Econometrics, Carbon tax, 020209 energy, 05 social sciences, Food prices, chemistry.chemical_element, Subsidy, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Agricultural economics, Energy policy, biofuel mandate, chemistry, Biofuel, Greenhouse gas, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Mandate, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

34. Risk and choice: A research saga

Author: Nicolas Treich, Christian Gollier, James K. Hammitt, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Harvard University [Cambridge], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Harvard University
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, jel:D81, media_common.quotation_subject, expected utility, Poison control, Prudence, Suicide prevention, Profit (economics), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Accounting, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Expected utility hypothesis, 050205 econometrics, media_common, risk, Actuarial science, 05 social sciences, Risk aversion, prudence, self-protection, insurance, portfolio choice, Self protection, risk aversion, Early results, Risk taking, self protection, Finance
Abstract: International audience; The economic theory of decision making under risk has seen remarkable advances over the 50 years since Pratt's (1964) characterization of risk aversion under expected utility. We review developments in three key areas to which Louis Eeckhoudt has made significant contributions: (1) increases in risk and risk taking; (2) self-protection and risk aversion; and (3) higher (and lower) order derivatives of utility. For each, we identify seminal papers, puzzles, and recent developments. The saga of research on these topics reveals that important contributions were made long ago and yet significant gains in understanding continue to be made. Recent advances often have roots in early results and researchers can profit by examining the old as well as the new papers.
Published: 2013

35. Resource use under climate stabilization: can nuclear power provide clean energy?

Author: Michel Moreaux, Bertrand Magné, Ujjayant Chakravorty, University of Alberta, Center for Economic Studies, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques (OCDE), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Scarcity, Microeconomics, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, 050207 economics, media_common, business.industry, Partial equilibrium, 05 social sciences, Fossil fuel, Environmental impact of the energy industry, Nuclear power, Renewable energy, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, business, Finance
Abstract: International audience; The long-term goal of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the stabilization of carbon concentration in the atmosphere. In this paper, we impose a carbon target concentration on a partial equilibrium model of the global energy sector. Specifically, we ask whether nuclear power can provide carbon-free energy as fossil fuel resources become costly due to scarcity and externality costs. We find that nuclear power can reduce the cost of generating clean energy significantly and relatively quickly. However, beyond a few decades the role of nuclear power may be considerably reduced as uranium becomes scarce and renewables become economical. The cost of carbon when nuclear power supplies a significant share of energy is much lower than that of other studies. A policy implication is that current political and regulatory impediments to the expansion of nuclear generation may prove to be costly if large volumes of clean energy need to be supplied over a relatively short period of time.
Published: 2012

36. Weak Enforcement of Environmental Policies: A Tale of Limited Commitment and Limited Fines

Author: David Martimort, Yolande Hiriart, Jerome Pouyet, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Institut d'économie industrielle (IDEI), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Bauer, Caroline, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Adverse selection, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy/L.L5.L51 - Economics of Regulation, 05 social sciences, Fines, Commit, Government failure, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Microeconomics, Incentive, Information asymmetry, Risk regulation, Complete information, 0502 economics and business, Agency (sociology), Economics, 050207 economics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Moral hazard, Enforcement, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 050205 econometrics
Abstract: When a firm undertakes activities which are risky for the environment, the conflict between social and private incentives to exercise safety care requires imposing fines in case a damage occurs. Introducing asymmetric information on the firm's wealth, we show that the fines and probabilities of investigation are systematically too low compared to their optimal level under complete information. This effect is exacerbated when the public agency in charge can no longer commit to an investigation strategy. Compounding asymmetric information with a government failure provides a possible explanation of the significant trend in practice towards a weak enforcement of environmental policies.*
Published: 2011

37. Existence of competitive equilibrium in an optimal growth model with heterogeneous agents and endogenous leisure

Author: Manh-Hung Nguyen, Aditya Goenka, Cuong Le Van, National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter Business School, Hanoi WRU, Department of Economics, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Van Xuan Center of Research in Economics, Management and Environment (VCREME), LERNA-INRA, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Exeter, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Label, Lucie
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Lagrange multipliers, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E1 - General Aggregative Models/E.E1.E13 - Neoclassical, jel:C61, Optimal growth model, Lagrange multipliers, Competitive equilibrium, Elastic labor supply, Fixed-point theorem, Boundary (topology), Individually Rational Pareto Optimum, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D51 - Exchange and Production Economies, Competitive equilibrium, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, jel:O41, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C61 - Optimization Techniques • Programming Models • Dynamic Analysis, équilibre compétitive, 0502 economics and business, Economics, C61, D51, E13, O41, 050207 economics, Optimal growth model,Lagrange multipliers,competitive equilibrium,individually rational Pareto Optimum,elastic labor supply.,Modèle de croissance optimale,multiplicateurs de Lagrange,équilibre compétitive,offre de travail endogène, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Representation (mathematics), B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, 050205 econometrics, Sequence, Elastic labor supply.,Individually Rational Pareto Optimum,Elastic labor supply,Optimal growth model,Lagrange multipliers,Competitive equilib- rium, jel:D51, 05 social sciences, [MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [MATH.MATH-CA] Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], jel:E13, multiplicateurs de Lagrange, Optimal growth model, Elastic labor supply, offre de travail endogène, Modèle de croissance optimale, 8. Economic growth, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity/O.O4.O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models, Optimal growth, Mathematical economics, Competitive equilib- rium, competitive equilibrium
Abstract: This paper proves the existence of competitive equilibrium in a single-sector dynamic economy with heterogeneous agents, elastic labor supply and complete assets markets. The method of proof relies on some recent results concerning the existence of Lagrande multipliers in infinite dimensional spaces and their representation as a summable sequence and a direct application of the inward boundary fixed point theorem., Dans ce papier, nous démontrons l'existence d'un équilibre compétitif dans un modèle dynamique à un secteur avec des agents hétérogènes, offre de travail endogène et marchés financiers complets. La méthode de la preuve s'appuie, d'une part, sur des résultats récents d'existence des multiplicateurs de Lagrange dans des espaces de dimension infinie et de leur représentation comme des séquences sommables et d'autre part sur l'application d'un théorème de point fixe généralisé (inward boundary fixed point theorem).
Published: 2011

38. Nonexclusive competition in the market for lemons

Author: Attar, Andrea, Mariotti, Thomas, Salanie, François, Attar, Andrea, Salanie, Francois, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), We thank a co-editor and three anonymous referees for very thoughtful and detailed comments. We also thank Bruno Biais, Felix Bierbrauer, Alberto Bisin, Regis Breton, Arnold Chassagnon, Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos, Piero Gottardi, Martin Hellwig, Philippe Jehiel, David Martimort, Margaret Meyer, David Myatt, Alessandro Pavan, Gwenael Piaser, Michele Piccione, Andrea Prat, Uday Rajan, Patrick Rey, Jean-Charles Rochet, Bernard Salanie, Paolo Siconolfi, Lars Stole, Roland Strausz, Balazs Szentes, and Jean Tirole for very valuable feedback. Finally, we thank seminar audiences at Banca d'Italia, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, London School of Economics and Political Science, Seminaire Roy, Universita degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza,' Universita degli Studi di Roma ' Tor Vergata,' University of Oxford, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung, and Yale University, as well as conference participants at the 2008 Toulouse Workshop of the Paul Woolley Research Initiative on Capital Market Dysfunctionalities, the 2009 Bonn Workshop on Incentives, Efficiency, and Redistribution in Public Economics, the 2009 CESifo Area Conference on Applied Microeconomics, and the 2009 Toulouse Spring of Incentives Workshop for many useful discussions. Financial support from the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, the European Research Council (Starting Grant 203929-ACAP), and the Paul Woolley Research Initiative on Capital Market Dysfunctionalities is gratefully acknowledged., Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS, Economics and Econometrics, statistics and probability, adverse selection, competing mechanism, nonexclusivity, business and economics, mathematics, mathematical methods in social sciences, interdisciplinary applications, social sciences, economics, Adverse selection, Adverse selection, competing mechanisms, nonexclusivity, competing mechanisms, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Competition (economics), Microeconomics, Information asymmetry, Order (exchange), 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Set (psychology), Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, 050205 econometrics, The Market for Lemons, Dual model, 05 social sciences, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL
Abstract: International audience; A seller can trade an endowment of a perfectly divisible good, the quality of which she privately knows. Buyers compete by offering menus of nonexclusive contracts, so that the seller can privately trade with several buyers. In this setting, we show that an equilibrium exists under mild conditions and that aggregate equilibrium allocations are generically unique. Although the good for sale is divisible, in equilibrium the seller ends up trading her whole endowment or not trading at all. Trades take place at a price equal to the expected quality of the good, conditional on the seller being ready to trade at that price. Our model thus provides a novel strategic foundation for Akerlof’s (1970) results. It also contrasts with competitive screening models in which contracts are assumed to be exclusive, as in Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976). Latent contracts that are issued but not traded in equilibrium play an important role in our analysis.
Published: 2011

39. Climate change mitigation options and directed technical change: a decentralized equilibrium analysis

Author: Bertrand Magne, André Grimaud, Gilles Lafforgue, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Energy Agency, Energy Technology Policy Division, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: KNOWLEDGE PRICING, carbon tax, Economics and Econometrics, Mathematical optimization, Carbon tax, 020209 energy, directed technical change, 02 engineering and technology, jel:H23, 7. Clean energy, business and economics, Technical change, ccs, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, climate change, energy, CCS, directed technical change, carbon tax, R&D subsidies, jel:Q43, Benchmark (surveying), 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, 050207 economics, environmental studies, Endogenous growth theory, Public economics, 05 social sciences, Carbon capture and storage (timeline), Subsidy, Maximization, R&D subsidies, Climate change mitigation, climate change, jel:Q55, 13. Climate action, energy and fuels, jel:Q54, environmental sciences and ecology, jel:O32, energy
Abstract: International audience; The paper considers an endogenous growth model with climate change as well as three R&D sectors dedicated to energy, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) and backstop efficiency. First, we characterize the set of decentralized equilibria: a particular equilibrium is associated with any vector of policy instruments including a carbon tax and a subsidy to each R&D sector. Second, we show that it is possible to express any equilibrium as the solution of a maximization program. Third, we solve the first-best optimum problem and thereby deriving the optimal instruments. Finally, we illustrate the theoretical model using calibrated functional specifications. In particular, we investigate the effects of various combinations of policy instruments (including the optimal ones) by determining the deviation of each corresponding equilibrium from the "laisser-faire" benchmark. We find notably that introducing an R&D subsidy hardly affects emissions when a carbon tax is already implemented, thus revealing a complementary effect between these two policy instruments.
Published: 2011

40. Demographic-economic equilibria when the age at motherhood is endogenous

Author: Katheline Schubert, Hippolyte d'Albis, Emmanuelle Augeraud-Véron, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Mathématiques, Image et Applications (MIA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Mathématiques, Image et Applications - EA 3165 (MIA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: monetary equilibrium, Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, Demographic economics,fertility choices,monetary equilibrium, Applied Mathematics, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Fertility, Affect (psychology), [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Demographic economics, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J13 - Fertility • Family Planning • Child Care • Children • Youth, 8. Economic growth, 0502 economics and business, Economics, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics, Population growth, 050207 economics, fertility choices, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract: International audience; In this article, we study the joint dynamics of the demography and the economy. We explore how economic conditions affect fertility choices, and in return how the population growth rate affects both financial and labor markets. Our main contribution is to consider a realistic demographic setup that allows characterizing the age at which individuals decide to give birth to their children. In such a framework, we aim at studying the existence of an equilibrium. We notably prove there exists a monetary steady state if the average age of consumers is greater than the average age of producers.
Published: 2010

41. Fair Intergenerational Sharing of a Natural Resource

Author: Hippolyte d'Albis, Stefan Ambec, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fairness, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q20 - General, Overlapping generations model, Overlapping generations, nobody, Microeconomics, Resource (project management), JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q56 - Environment and Development • Environment and Trade • Sustainability • Environmental Accounts and Accounting • Environmental Equity • Population Growth, Natural Resources, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development, General Psychology, 050205 econometrics, media_common, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, Sustainable, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Natural resource, Core (game theory), JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Core, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Natural Resources,Sustainable,Core,Fairness,Overlapping generations, Welfare
Abstract: International audience; In this article, overlapping generations are extracting a natural resource over an inﬁnite future. We examine the fair allocation of resource and compensations among generations. Fairness is deﬁned by core lower bounds and aspiration upper bounds. The core lower bounds require that every coalition of generations obtains at least what it could achieve by itself. The aspiration upper bounds require that no coalition of generations enjoys a higher welfare than it would achieve if nobody else extracted the resource. We show that, upon existence, the allocation that satisﬁes the two fairness criteria is unique and assigns to each generation its marginal contribution to the preceding generation. Finally, we describe the dynamics of such an allocation.
Published: 2010

42. Scale sensitivity and question order in the contingent valuation method

Author: Mikael Svensson, Henrik Andersson, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Karlstad University [Sweden], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: jel:D80, scale sensitivity, Geography, Planning and Development, faculté cognitive, enquête, Sample (statistics), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Willingness to pay, cognitive ability, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Sensitivity (control systems), 050207 economics, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, contingent valuation, mortality risk, order effect, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Contingent valuation, suède, 05 social sciences, Cognition, jel:I10, évaluation contingente, Preference, jel:Q51, Cognitive ability, contingent valuation, mortality risk, order effect, scale sensitivity, risque, Order (business), Scale (social sciences), 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Cognitive ability, Mortality risk, Order effect, Scale sensitivity, mortalité, Social psychology
Abstract: Financial support from VTI, the Centre for Transport Studies, Stockholm, and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft. The usual disclaimers apply.; International audience; This study examines the effect on respondents' willingness to pay to reduce mortality risk by the order of the questions in a stated preference study. Using answers from an experiment conducted on a Swedish sample where respondents' cognitive ability was measured and where they participated in a contingent valuation survey, it was found that scale sensitivity is strongest when respondents are asked about a smaller risk reduction first ('bottom-up' approach). This contradicts some previous evidence in the literature. It was also found that the respondents' cognitive ability is more important for showing scale sensitivity when respondents are asked about a larger risk reduction first ('top-down' approach), also reinforcing the result that a 'bottom-up' approach is more consistent with answers in line with theoretical predictions for a larger proportion of respondents.
Published: 2010

43. Annuities, Bequest and Portfolio Diversification

Author: Hippolyte d'Albis, Emmanuel Thibault, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: jel:D81, Economics and Econometrics, Bequest, ANNUITIES, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Human life, Diversification (finance), jel:G22, UNCERTAIN LONGEVITY, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, RISK AVERSION, 050205 econometrics, media_common, Actuarial science, Bond, 05 social sciences, jel:D11, Decision maker, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:G11, Interest rate, 8. Economic growth, Portfolio, Portfolio optimization, annuities, uncertain longevity, risk aversion, Finance
Abstract: International audience; In this article, the diversification motives of the demand for annuities is analyzed. Using a model allowing for the uncertainty of both the human life length and the interest rate, the Decision Maker is supposed to choose an optimal portfolio to maximize a bequest. Conditions under which an increase in the risk of bond returns increase the demand for annuities are proposed and discussed. Moreover, it is shown that, contrary to previous claims, more risk adversion is associated with a lower demand for annuities.
Published: 2010

44. Parental Altruism, Life Expectancy and Dynamically Inefficient Equilibria

Author: Bruno Decreuse, Hippolyte d'Albis, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, Control and Optimization, Overlapping-generations models,Productive capital,Dynamic (in)efficiency,Intergenerational altruism, jel:D61, Dynamic efficiency, jel:E21, Ramsey model, Dynamic (in)efficiency, Altruism (biology), Overlapping generations model, Microeconomics, Economies et finances, Productive capital, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Intergenerational altruism, 050207 economics, 050205 econometrics, modélisation, OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL, PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL, DYNAMIC INEFFICIENCY, INTERGENERATIONAL ALTRUISM, jel:D90, économie, Applied Mathematics, 05 social sciences, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D90 - General, Overaccumulation, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Variable (computer science), Economies and finances, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D61 - Allocative Efficiency • Cost–Benefit Analysis, OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL, PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL, DYNAMIC INEFFICIENCY, INTERGENERATIONAL ALTRUISM, modélisationéconomie, Life expectancy, Overlapping-generations models, Inefficiency
Abstract: Macrodynamic models with finite lifetime and selfish individuals may feature (dynamically) inefficient equilibria, while models with infinite lifetime and altruistic individuals cannot. However, savings motives increase with parental altruism and lifetime expectancy, thereby favoring overaccumulation. This paper presents a continuous time OLG model which generalizes the Blanchard-Buiter-Weil model and allows to clarify the relationships between dynastic altruism, the length of planning horizons, and dynamic (in)efficiency. Our main innovation relies on the introduction of parental altruism, whose intensity is variable. We reach three main conclusions. First, we show that parental altruism and life expectancy do favor overaccumulation. Second, we explain why the Ramsey model only displays dynamic efficiency.A necessary condition for inefficiency actually implies the nonexistence of a dynamic competitive equilibrium. Third, theoretical results are illustrated by a parameterization from US data. Our numerical exercises suggest that the US economy is dynamically efficient, mainly because life expectancy is sufficiently short.
Published: 2009

45. A proposal for social pricing of water supply in Côte d'Ivoire

Author: Daouda Diakité, Alban Thomas, Aggey Semenov, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), National University of Singapore (NUS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics ( TSE ), Toulouse School of Economics, Economie des Ressources Naturelles ( LERNA ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, Tariff, Water supply, 02 engineering and technology, Development, Microeconomics, Monopolistic competition, Residential Water Supply, 0502 economics and business, Economics, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, 050207 economics, 020701 environmental engineering, education, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Consumption (economics), Keys Words : Multiblock tariff, education.field_of_study, Unit price, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Social pricing, Economic surplus, Revue AERES, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Multi-block tariff, Monopoly, business
Abstract: International audience; We consider the design of a nonlinear social tariff for residential water in Côte d'Ivoire, which is a case of a monopolistic private operator supplying a population of heterogeneous consumers. The proposed optimal tariff includes an initial “social” block with a low unit price, and higher consumption blocks with a monopoly pricing rule. This optimal nonlinear tariff is calibrated using econometric estimates of a panel-data residential water demand equation. Welfare changes associated with moving from the actual tariff to approximations of the optimal pricing system are computed under different tariff scenarios. We find that gains in consumer welfare would outweigh losses in producer surplus in a majority of Ivorian local communities.
Published: 2009

46. The regulator and the judge: the optimal mix in the control of environmental risk

Author: Yolande Hiriart, David Martimort, Jerome Pouyet, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université des Sciences Sociales (Toulouse 1), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'économie industrielle (IDEI), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ProdInra, Migration, Bauer, Caroline, Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, Welfare economics, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, Regulation, Liability, Environmental Risk, Asymmetric Information, Environmental risk, LIABILITY, 0502 economics and business, Political Science and International Relations, Economics, REGULATION, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 050205 econometrics
Abstract: A firm engaged in activities which are environmentally risky has private information both on its choice of safety care and on the level of its assets. We study the interaction between the ex ante audit of the firm's precautionary effort by a regulator and the ex post check on the true level of the firm's assets by a judge following an accident. Both instruments are useful from an incentive viewpoint. The optimal policy mix between the regulator and the judge depends on the rule determining the judge's intervention and on the quality of the regulatory enforcement. We discuss the incentives of the judge and the regulator to broaden their mandates and undertake the task of the other branch. Finally, we interpret different scenarii for the regulator's and the judge's interventions in terms of legal principles., Nous considérons une firme qui génère un risque pour l’environnement via son activité industrielle et qui a une information privée à la fois sur son effort de précaution et sur le montant de ses actifs. Nous étudions l'interaction entre l'audit ex ante de l'effort de précaution par un régulateur et la vérification ex post de la capacité financière par un juge en cas d'accident. Du point de vue des incitations, les deux instruments sont utiles. Le policy-mix optimal dépend de la règle gouvernant l'intervention ex post et de l'efficience de l'intervention ex ante.
Published: 2008

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