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Leiodontium geminoserratum S. He & Chantanaorr. (Hypnaceae), a new species from Thailand, is described herein based on distinctive morphological features. The new species resembles L. gracile Broth. from China and Nepal, but differs most notably in having moderately complanate leafy stems and branches, prorate laminal cells, doubly serrate basal leaf margin, and axillary hairs with a globose distal cell. A full description and photographs of the new species are provided.

Orthomnion elimbatum (Mniaceae) is herein reported new to China and Vietnam, representing the first record of the species northwards outside the Malesian and Australian regions. The species differs from the closely related species O. dilatatum by having undulate leaf margin, almost isodiametric laminal cells, and unbordered apical leaf margins. Confirmation of the species identity is validated by a molecular analysis based on rps4 and trnL-F sequences.

Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z. Ma, Shevock & S. He, a new species from a sub-alpine area in Yunnan, China, is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, the new species resembles the widespread species E. buseanus, but differs most notably in having significantly shortened setae, smaller capsules and nearly unbordered laminae. Images from the scanning electron microscope also show compound-papillose ornamentation over the spore surface, which is characteristic of this new species. The generic validation of the new species in Entosthodon is supported by a phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid rps4 sequence. Entosthodon physcomitrioides, characterized by its well-developed apophysis and peristome, is confirmed as a new record for mainland China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations for both species are provided.

A molecular study of a rare moss, Tayloria rudolphiana has revealed a first new occurrence of this species in Central China after its first collecting more than 100 years ago from southwestern Yunnan Province. The phylogenetic analyses based on rps4 and trnL-F sequences along with its morphological features affirm the taxonomic identity of this new population, representing the latest evidence of European-Asiatic connections of this species. Photographic images detailing key morphological characters and a full description of the species are provided. The taxonomic problems of this species within China are discussed.

Investigations into the bryophyte flora of Madagascar as part of the MadBryo project, show that five moss genera (Actinodontium Schwagr., Aulacopilum Wilson, Forsstroemia Lindb., Haplohymenium Dozy & Molk., and Herzogiella Broth.) are new for the island. For three additional taxa we clarify the correct name to use for Malagasy specimens. Ectropothecium perrieri Ther. is placed in synonymy with Herzogiella cylindricarpa (Cardot) Z.Iwats. and Lepidopilum diversifolium Renauld & Cardot is reduced to a synonym of Thamniopsis utacamundiana (Mont.) W.R.Buck. These particular cases highlight the hidden diversity lurking within underutilized natural history collections. They should also serve as a reminder that older collections need to be critically reexamined as our taxonomic concepts evolve.

Introduction. Heterophyllium albicans Ther., H. henryi Tixier, H. micro-alare (Broth. & Paris) Broth. and H. tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) Broth. were all either poorly known species or known only from the type collections since their inception.Methods. Examination of the type material confirmed that the alar cell structure in these species do not conform to the generic concept of Heterophyllium (Schimp.) Kindb. The study also revealed some new features previously unreported in these species, i.e., the filamentous pseudoparaphyllia, one of the characteristic features of the genus Isopterygium Mitt.Key Results & Conclusions. Three new combinations, Isopterygium albicans (Ther.) Y.Jia & S.He, I. micro-alare (Broth. & Paris) Y.Jia & S.He, and I. tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) Y.Jia & S.He are proposed. Heterophyllium henryi Tixier is treated as a new synonym of Brotherella henonii (Duby) M.Fleisch.

Thysananthus ciliaris (Sande Lac.) Sukkharak, a rare species from Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, was newly discovered in lowland evergreen forest, southern Thailand. A detailed description and illustrations are here provided.

Stereophyllum linisii Enroth & B.C.Tan (Stereophyllaceae), a rheophytic species, is transferred as Pseudoparaphysanthus linisii (Enroth & B.C.Tan) S.He, Sukkharak & Chantanaorr. (Neckeraceae). The ...

Didymodon kunlunensis D.P.Zhao, S.Mamtimin & S.He is described as a new species found in Xinjiang, China. The new species is characterised by a combination of the following characters: ovate leaves...

Phantomia vadimii S. He & W. R. Buck, a new moss genus and species, is described from Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam. The new taxon is characterized by its abruptly convolute leaf shoulders; the presence of a median row of stereid cells in the upper lateral costal cross sections; a weakly differentiated marginal border at the leaf base; and the absence of a central strand in the stem. The new genus shares some characteristics with Chorisodontium (Mitt.) Broth. in having a narrow basal costa that flares outward at the midleaf and persistent, inflated alar cells. It also has an anatomical similarity to the leaf costal cross sections (especially the upper leaf costa) of Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp. The similarities and differences of the new genus in comparison with the genera of Campylopodioideae and Dicranoideae are discussed.

Didymodon fortunatii Cardot & Ther. and Hymenostylium diversirete Broth. ex Hand.-Mazz. were previously known only from type collections and both placed into synonymy with Reimersia inconspicua (Griff.) P.-C.Chen when a new monospecific genus Reimersia P.-C.Chen was established. While the plants markedly resemble each other in general appearance and growth habit, a careful review of cellular architecture across the lamina has now identified several character states that differ significantly between them. The nomenclatural history of Reimersia has basically remained unchanged since its generic establishment in 1940. A new combination as Reimersia diversiretis (Broth. ex Hand.-Mazz.) Shevock, W.Z.Ma, S.He & D.G.Long is proposed and the genus Reimersia now contains two species endemic to Asia.

A new species of Aerobryum Dozy & Molk. (Brachytheciaceae), A. brevicuspis S.He from Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated. The new species resembles epiphytic A. speciosum Dozy & Molk. in the presence of pendent, sparsely branched stems, similar shape of leaves and areolation, but differs by its apiculate to cuspidate leaf apices, a single, faint or sometimes double costae in branch leaves, rather differentiated alar cells, the presence of a central strand in the stems, and numerous clustered axillary hairs that are often 5-8(-10) cells long.

Atrichum laoshanense Y.-J.Yi & S.He, a new species of Polytrichaceae from Laoshan mountain in Shandong Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated. The new species resembles, and is related to A. angustatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp., but differs in the presence of stellately papillose median leaf cells, multicellular laminal teeth with well-defined outgrowths of pedestal cells on the distal dorsal lamina, and papillose stem epidermal cells. An updated key to species of Atrichum in China is presented.

Schwetschkeopsis fabronia (Schwägr.) Broth. collected from Pa Nang Koy cave, Phrae province is a species newly recorded for Thailand. A description with illustrations is provided.

Orthomnion wui T. J. Kop. is transferred to Plagiomnium T. J. Kop. (Mniaceae) as P. wui (T. J. Kop.) Y. J. Yi & S. He, based on the presence of well-defined stereid cells in its costa, a key character distinguishing Plagiomnium from Orthomnion Wilson. Originally described in 2007 from Hubei, China, O. wui is closely related to P. rostratum (Schrad.) T. J. Kop. but differs from the latter by enlarged juxtacostal cells, the thin-walled, almost undifferentiated epidermal cells of the dorsal costa and non-mammillate laminal cells. An updated key to the species of Plagiomnium in China is provided.

Wijkia H.A.Crum is a genus established by Crum (1971) to accommodate species previously placed in Acanthocladium Mitt., an illegitimate homonym. It was originally and traditionally placed in the Sematophyllaceae until recently (Ramsay et al.

The current circumscription of the eight closely related morphospecies with propagula in Pseudotaxiphyllum Z. Iwats. is extremely unsatisfactory because of the ill-defined delimitation of the species concepts. In order to determine the systematic positions of these closely related species, a phylogenetic reconstruction was carried out based on molecular analyses of two genomic compartments (chloroplast ndhB, rpl16, trnG, trnL-F, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS)) together with a haplotype network analysis and species delimitation assessments by thorough morphological studies. The results of the present study show that P. elegans (Brid.) Z. Iwats. was closely related to P. laetevirens (Dixon & Luisier ex F. Koppe & Dull) Hedenas and both species together with P. maebarae (Sakurai) Z. Iwats. were resolved as monophyletic clades. Pseudotaxiphyllum arquifolium (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Z. Iwats., P. densum (Cardot) Z. Iwats., P. fauriei (Cardot) Z. Iwats., the Asian populations of P. distichaceum (Mitt.) Z. Iwats. and P. pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z. Iwats. are morphologically identical. At least three cryptic lineages with undifferentiated morphological or geographical pattern were inferred from this species complex. We propose that the above-mentioned morphospecies be synonymized under P. distichaceum, and the American ‘P. distichaceum’ be replaced by a new name, P. subfalcatum (Austin) X. Q. Li, Q. Zuo & Y. F. Wang, stat. nov. Pseudotaxiphyllum obtusifolium Z. Iwats. & B. C. Tan was treated as P. distichaceum (Mitt.) Z. Iwats. var. obtusifolium (Z. Iwats. & B. C. Tan) X. Q. Li, Q. Zuo & Y. F. Wang, stat. nov.

An expanded taxonomic study of the narrowly understood Macromitrium cavaleriei Cardot & Ther. identified four new synonyms, M. cancellatum Y.X.Xiong, M. giraldii var. acrophylloides Mull.Hal., M. handelii Broth. and M. rigbyanum Dixon. With the discovery of the new synonyms, the range of M. cavaleriei is extended to India, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam. To determine the potential distribution range of the species, we described its macroclimatic niche from its extant distribution with the maximum entropy algorithm modelling program (Maxent), contrasting the impact of different geographic backgrounds on the models. We found that the potential range of the species included central, southern, southwestern China to northern Vietnam, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal and India, and northwards to Japan and the Korean Peninsula. This estimation of the potential distribution range is largely confirmed by the herbarium specimens. The predicted climate suitability for M. cavaleriei is higher in the areas where the annual temp...

A new species of Plagiomnium (Mniaceae), P. guizhouense Y.-J.Yi & S.He from Guizhou, China is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to P. affine in having spinosely serrate leaf margins with teeth consisting of up to 4 or more cells, a broadly elliptic leaf shape, and a decurrent leaf base, but is distinguished from the latter species by having a cuspidate leaf apex, broader marginal differentiation with borders consisting of 4–5 rows of linear, thick-walled cells, strongly ciliate marginal teeth that are sometimes branched and up to 7 cells long in upper fertile stem leaves and perichaetial leaves, and a much shorter leaf costa that ends just above mid-leaf in the lower leaves.

The taxonomic position of Sinocalliergon Sakurai (originally described in the Amblystegiaceae) is re-evaluated, based on examination of the type specimens. The monotypic genus is considered synonymous with Barbula Hedw. (Pottiaceae, Bryopsida), and the appropriate new combination, B. satoi (Sakurai) S. He, is made. The name S. satoi Sakurai is lectotypified.

A small ephemeral moss found in alpine habitats of Sichuan Province, China, is described as Eobruchia sichuaniana sp. nov. A key and illustrations for all species of Eobruchia are also provided.

The systematic position of the genus Bryhnia Kaurin has been problematic and remains unsettled. A phylogenetic analysis of Bryhnia and closely related genera, based on the nuclear marker ITS1–5·8S–ITS2 and the plastid markers rpl16, trnG, and trnL–F, was carried out to clarify their relationships and systematic positions. The phylogenetic trees generated from Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses show that Bryhnia s.s., represented by B. novae-angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout, B. hultenii E.B.Bartram, and B. scabrida (Lindb.) Kaurin, forms a maximally supported clade nested within Brachythecium Schimp. ‘Bryhnia scabrida’ sensu Ignatov & Huttunen (2002) is Bryhnia brachycladula Cardot, and together they form a monophyletic group with Eurhynchiadelphus eustegia (Besch.) Ignatov & Huttunen and Myuroclada maximowiczii (G.G.Borshch.) Steere & W.B.Schofield. We propose the inclusion of the species currently recognized in Bryhnia in Brachythecium, with the transfer of Bryhnia brachycladula to the genus Myuroclada...

Calymperes Sw. ex Weber (1813) is the second largest genus in the family Calymperaceae (after Syrrhopodon Schwägrichen (1824: 110)) and comprises approximately 53 accepted species worldwide, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Frey & Stech 2009). It is easily separated from other genera of the Calymperaceae by its distinctive sporophytes, which lack peristome teeth, but possess a persistent calyptra. Calymperes palisotii Schwägrichen (1816: 334) is an extremely variable species, occurring from the Neotropics, across Africa, through the islands of the Indian Ocean, to India and Sri Lanka, rarely penetrating eastwards into Indochina and Malesia (Ellis 2018). In their broad concept, Reese & Mohamed (1985) treated many species of Calymperes as synonyms of C. palisotii. These included C. moluccense Schwägrichen (1824: 99) a highly variable species from Malaysia and Oceania. Based on an examination of a wide range of materials of C. palisotii, Ellis (1987) considered that C. moluccense was quite different from C. palisotii, and reinstated C. moluccense as a good species, placing in synonymy with the latter, several taxa also previously regarded as synonyms of C. palisotii (Ellis 1987).

Morphologically, recognition of the genus Plagiomnium may be relatively easy. Yet identifications of closely related species have met great difficulties. The contemporary species delimitations of P. carolinianum, P. maximoviczii, and P. rhynchophorum largely based on sexuality as the sole distinction have not been satisfactory. As shown from literature, character variations among these three taxa were continuous and intergraded within or among different populations throughout a wide geographic range. No gametophytic characters could be reliably used to distinguish them from each other. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS2 and rps4 gene were undertaken to resolve delineations for these three morphologically similar species. The results suggest that they form a well support monophyletic clade, which can be defined as representing one single species with two subspecies, i.e. P. rhynchophorum subsp. maximoviczii and P. rhynchophorum subsp. rhynchophorum. The present molecular study supports the treatment of P. carolinianum as synonym of P. rhynchophorum as purposed previously by Koponen based on morphology.

A new rheophytic moss genus and species Yunnanobryon rhyacophilum occurring in fast-flowing rivers of western Yunnan and southern Guizhou Province is described and illustrated. It is a slender moss with stoloniform primary stems and intricately much branched secondary stems, flagellate-attenuate at the tips; small, ovate to ovate-lanceolate leaves with almost uniform areolation throughout the lamina of small, rounded, hexagonal to quadrate-hexagonal cells; coarsely serrate leaf margins in the distal portion; subpercurrent single costae; and very short, bicellular axillary hairs consisting of a large globular apical cell and a short, quadrate and brownish-tinged basal cell. The peculiar shape of the axillary hairs suggests a close alliance of this new genus with the Regmatodontaceae.

Venturiella perrottetii (Erpodiaceae) is newly reported from Myanmar and Thailand. Taxonomic history of the species in Thailand and the species distribution in China and Thailand are discussed. Photographs of key morphological features are provided for the first time.

Morphological features of three species of Brotherella Loeske ex M. Fleisch. based on their type specimens are found to be inconsistent with their current taxonomic placements. Brotherella dixonii Herzog and Brotherella pallida (Renauld & Cardot) M. Fleisch. are transferred to Ectropothecium and Wijkia as E. dixonii (Herzog) Y. Jia & S. He comb. nov. and W. pallida (Renauld & Cardot) Y. Jia & S. He comb. nov., respectively. Brotherella harveyana (Mitt.) Dixon is synonymized with Pylaisiadelpha tenuirostris (Bruch & Schimp.) W. R. Buck.

Macromitrium cavaleriei Cardot & Ther. in Ther. is a little known Chinese moss of the family Orthotrichaceae. The species, which, forms dense mats with creeping stems, varies much in its branch leaf shape and in the laminal cell papillosity of the branch and perichaetial leaves. In the present paper, Macromitrium cavaleriei is re-evaluated taxonomically, including the new synonymizations of M. gebaueri Broth., M. sinense E. B. Bartram, M. syntrichophyllum Ther. & P. de la Varde, and M. syntrichophyllum var. longisetum Ther. & Reimers from China. The synonymizations extend the distribution of M. cavaleriei from Guizhou to 15 provinces and one municipality, mainly in the area to the South of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, and Taiwan. Additionally, M. cavaleriei is reported as new to the moss flora of Japan.

Symphysodontella siamensis Dixon (Pterobryaceae), previously known only from Thailand, is reported here as the first record of the genus to the moss flora of China. A description and illustrations based on the Chinese material are provided.

Macromitrium hainanense is described and illustrated as a new species from the Hainan Province of China. This species, belonging to a gymnostomous group of Macromitrium, is most closely related to M. taiheizanense from Taiwan. It is distinguished from all congeners by the immersed and ovoid capsules with exceedingly short setae (ca. 0.2-0.4 mm long), the absence of a peristome, the rounded-quadrate to oblate, pluripapillose upper laminal cells, the elongate and sigmoid-curved, smooth basal cells and the hairy, campanulate-mitrate calyptrae.

Diagnoses are given for Braunia alopecura (Brid.) Limpr. and B. delavayi Besch. A key to two species of Braunia in China is provided. Braunia obtusicuspis Broth. is synonymized with Hedwigidium integrifolium (P. Beauv.) Dix.

We evaluated the taxonomic status of Orthomnion javense and O. loheri based on morphological characteristics. The primary distinction between the two species on the basis of the leaf border differentiation does not uphold with a prudent examination of Chinese and other Asian specimens. Orthomnion loheri is a new synonym of O. javense, a formerly Malesian species which is newly confirmed for China and is here reported new to Laos. The previously reports of Plagiomnium elimbatum in China were based on some misidentifications of O. javense, and the former is excluded from the Chinese moss flora.

The new name Plaubelia burmensis (Pottiaceae) is proposed for the species currently recognized as Desmatodon burmensis and for replacing the illegitimate name P. perinvoluta . The species is reported here first time from China. A detailed description and illustrations for the species as well as a diagnostic key to the currently recognized three species of Plaubelia are provided. A phylogenetic analysis based on four DNA loci from three genomic compartments (cp rps 4, mt nad 5, nr ITS and nr 26S) shows that Plaubelia species are nested within the Trichostomoideae of the Pottiaceae, sister to Hyophila involuta .

Symphyodon Mont., a genus of pleurocarpous mosses, is comprised of 15 species. Species of Symphyodon, all dioicous, are primarily epiphytic and characterized by having echinate capsules, distally roughened or papillose setae, and prorate leaf cells. The genus is chiefly distributed in the tropical and the subtropical regions of the world with the majority of the taxa centered in southern and southeastern Asia. A detailed study of the peristome structure supports recognition of Symphyodon in its own family, Symphyodontaceae. The family is retained in the Leucodontales, suborder Neckerineae. All species are illustrated. Keys, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided.

Plagiothecium shevockii S. He (Plagiotheciaceae) is described and illustrated as a new moss species from Taiwan. It resembles P. paleaceum (Mitten) A. Jaeger in having similar orbicular leaves, but differs by its much stronger double costae, and its slenderly acute and denticulate leaf apices that have a group of differentiated, hyaline, thin-walled cells often bearing rhizoids.

Based on recent collections made in Yunnan Province, China, the sporophytes of Bryocrumia vivicolor were discovered for the first time for this species. With typical hypnoid peristome teeth, short operculum, and slightly collenchymatous exothecial cell walls, the capsule of B. vivicolor conforms to the basic definition of Hypnaceae, and this monospecific genus is deemed to belong in Hypnoideae according to current circumscription of the subfamily. Although the identity of Bryocrumia seems to be well-supported morphologically by the additional features such as the bluntly obtuse apex of perichaetial leaves and the deciduous annulus consisting of irregular-shaped cells in 1–2 rows, future molecular study could provide useful insights in understanding the distribution of this rarely collected yet geographically widespread species.

A new species of Pottiaceae, Hyophila flavolimbata S. He & Y.-J. Yi, is described and illustrated from northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The new species is most similar to H. involuta in having spathulate leaves with non-papillose leaf cells and two stereid bands in costa. Its distinguishing characteristics include a differentiated leaf margin bordered by 3–4 rows of lightly yellowish thick-walled cells, leaf cells completely plane on both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, papillose stem epidermal cells, a layer of pseudoleptoids developed next to hydroids in central strand, and the presence of subguide cells in costa.

An updated checklist of the Anthocerotae and Hepaticae for Qinling (Mts.) recognizes 261 species, 20 varieties, 9 subspecies and 2 forms in 86 genera and 44 families. The distributional ranges are provided for each taxon in Qinling. The information in this paper is based on a review of the previous reports up to 2014 and the specimens held in PE, KUN, HSNU, SDNU, WUK and WNU herbaria. Eight genera, 122 species, 6 varieties and 6 subspecies are new records for Qinling, including two taxa newly recorded for China. Fifteen species, 8 varieties, and 2 forms are endemic to China.

The genus Octoblepharum Hedwig (1801: 50), consisting of 18 accepted species, is mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with four species in Africa, one in Asia, and the majority of the species in the Neotropics; it is seldom found in temperate latitudes (Eddy 1990, Salazar-Allen 1991, Magill & Allen 2013).

An evaluation of Asian Brotherella Loeske ex M. Fleischer reveals that a new combination in the genus Heterophyllium (Schimper) Kindberg is necessary to replace B. amblystega (Mitten) Brotherus for its noticeably dimorphic stem and branch leaves, strongly serrate leaf apices, differentiated alar cells in an excavate group, erect and symmetric capsules, and strongly papillose spores. Heterophyllium amblystegum (Mitten) Y. Jia, S. He & Crosby is here validated and lectotypified along with a full description and a key to the Himalayan species of Heterophyllium.

Symphyodon pennatulus (Dixon) Dixon from Southeast Asia is transferred to the genus Homalia of the Neckeraceae (Musci). A key to the five species and one variety of Homalia is provided. Homalia (Bridel) Schimper is primarily distributed in the northern temperate regions and nearby subtropical borders, where it grows on boulders, rock outcrops, or bases of trees. It is characterized by strongly complanate plants with leaves arranged in distinct ranks; by oblong-ovate to spatulate leaves with broad apices and smooth leaf cells; and by smooth capsules with a "hypnoid" peristome. Symphyodon Montagne has 14 species worldwide and is primarily distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia, with one species in Hawaii, South Africa, and Central and South America, respectively. In Southeast Asia, it grows exclusively on tree trunks and tree branches. Besides its habitat distinction, taxonomic characters of generic importance for Symphyodon are found in the capsule ornamentation and peristomes. It has echinate capsules and an "isobryoid" peristome. Other secondary gametophyte features include: leaves often appressed and imbricate or spreading; leaf apices narrowed; and leaf cells prorate. Symphyodon pennatulus (Dixon) Dixon was excluded from the genus Symphyodon, because it is epilithic and has strongly complanate to sub-distichous leaves (He & Snider, 1992). The type specimen of Symphyodon pennatulus is meager and contains no sporophytes. Since no other specimens of this species were available, He & Snider (1992) were uncertain of its generic placement. Recently, numerous collections of this moss have come from Thailand, and though they consistently lack sporophytes, we now have enough material to make detailed observations on the gametophytes. Symphyodon pennatulus exhibits many aspects of Homalia, such as a strongly complanate habit, a homalioid-type leaf insertion showing an eight-ranked phyllotaxy (see He, 1992), oblong-ovate to spatulate leaves with broad and rounded apices, and a variable costal morphology. It is similar to the widely distributed Homalia trichomanoides (Bridel) Schimper in overall similarities of leaf shape and the absence of pseudoparaphyllia, but it differs in having distinct double costae and linear, projecting median leaf cells. On the basis of the double leaf costae and elongate median leaf cells, Symphyodon pennatulus appears most closely related to Homalia glabella (Hedwig) Schimper from Central and South America, except that it lacks pseudoparaphyllia. Although the narrowly linear and projecting median leaf cells of Symphyodon pennatulus and its presence in southern Asia differ from those of previously recognized Homalia species, the overall gametophyte features of this moss support its placement in Homalia. Hence, we are making the following new combination. A key to the five species and one variety of Homalia now recognized is provided. A description and an illustration of the species treated here will be published in the forthcoming revision of Homalia by the first author. Homalia pennatula (Dixon) He & Enroth, comb. nov. Basionym: Stereodon pennatulus Mitten ex Dixon, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6: 66. 1914. Symphyodon pennatulus (Dixon) Dixon in Brotherus, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 11: 267. 1925. TYPE: Myanmar (Burma). Moulmein, Parish s.n. (holotype, NY; isotype, BM). In his book entitled Burma, Its People and Productions, Mason (1883) published a list of plants, including mosses. Homalia erosa Hampe and Homalia pennatula Mitten were listed in this publication. Both names are apparently nomina nuda, since no descriptions or basionyms were given. The former is clearly a herbarium name, because we have seen several herbarium specimens annotated with the name Homalia erosa Hampe. However, we have seen no specimens bearing the name Homalia pennatula Mitten, nor has it ever been published NovoN 5: 334-335. 1995. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.164 on Thu, 07 Jul 2016 06:15:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 5, Number 4 He & Enroth 335 1995 Homalia pennatula from Southeast Asia validly. Although it could be based on Mitten's herbarium name Stereodon pennatulus, Homalia pennatula Mitten has no nomenclatural bearing in our

Pseudoleskeella papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb. and Plagiothecium latebricola (Wils.) Schimp. are newly reported from China. Lopidium trichocladon (Bosch & Sande-Lac.) Fleisch. is reported new to mainland China. While studying Chinese specimens collected from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of southwestern China, we discovered an interesting moss that appeared to be close to Leptopterigynandrum Broth. and Trachyphyllum Gepp. However, a combination of the following characters, including short, double or forked costae and the rhombic and nearly undifferentiated leaf cells with papillae on dorsal surfaces, points to Pseudoleskeella papillosa (Lindb.) Mitt., a rare and phytogeographically interesting species. Pseudoleskeella papillosa differs from species of Leptopterigynandrum by the presence of rather conspicuous papillae on the dorsal side of the leaves, especially of the younger ones; and it differs from the species of Trachyphyllum by the presence of rhombic and nearly undifferentiated leaf cells. Pseudoleskeella papillosa is very close to P. tectorum (Brid.) Broth., but can be easily distinguished from the latter by leaf cells dorsally papillose at their upper ends. Pseudoleskeella papillosa was previously considered to be an arctic-alpine species having a circumpolar distribution restricted to Finland, Norway, Sweden, Siberia, and Greenland (Lewinsky 1974; Wilson & Norris 1989). It has been reported several times from North America, arctic Alaska and the Northwest Territories of Canada by numerous authors (Crum 1985; Steere 1975; Vitt 1976). Except those from Greenland, all North American records of Pseudoleskeella papillosa are considered misidentified (Wilson & Norris 1989). In Asia, this species occurs just outside the arctic zone (Lewinsky 1974). Its range in southwestern China is phytogeographically significant and establishes a circumpolar distribution similar to the much more widely distributed species P. tectorum. The habitats in southwestern China apparently provided a suitable sheltered environment for this arctic element to survive during the post-glacial periods. The Chinese plants are mainly growing on tree trunks at higher elevations between 2,500 to 3,600 meters. Specimens examined. -CHINA. SICHUAN. Markam Co.: Redfearn 35074b (MO, sMs). Dao Chen Co.: He 31681 (Mo, PE). Ruo Er Gai Co.: He 30608 (MO, PE). Ba Tang Co.: He 31520 (MO, PE); Zhong Za District, He 31425, 31342 (Mo, PE). YuNNAN. Dali Co.: Redfearn et al 1524 (KUN, MO, PE, sMS). Plagiothecium latebricola (Wils.) Schimp. was considered to be an European and North American species (Ireland 1969) until Iwatsuki (1974) reported this species from Hokkaido, Japan. Ignatov and Afonina (1992) reported it from Russia, Baltic, Ukraine, Caucasus, Siberia, and middle Asia. Plagiothecium latebricola appears to be a rare moss confined to rotten stumps in swamps, bogs, and marshes. In Sichuan Province, it was found with Tetraphis pellucida on rotten stumps in a Picea forest. The plants ofPlagiothecium latebricola are small, delicate, glossy, and yellowish green, with symmetric to nearly symmetric and erect-spreading leaves. The general habit of this species is similar to that of Isopterygium except for the distinctly decurrent leaves. The small, erect, and symmetric capsules with cilia rudimentary or absent and the shorter setae (ca. 7-10 mm long) distinguish it from other species of Plagiothecium. Gemmae were described from European and North American material (Ireland 1969). We have also seen gemmae from a Russian collection (Ignatov s.n. 24. 7. 1987, Mo). However, no gemmae were found in our Chinese specimen, nor did Iwatsuki (1974) report gemmae from the Japanese specimens. The Chinese station of Plagiothecium latebricola represents the most southern locality for this taxon. Specimen examined. -CHINA. SICHUAN. A Ba Co.: Mai Er Ba District, He 31016 (Mo, PE). Lopidium trichocladon (Bosch & Sande-Lac.) Fleisch. was reported new to eastern Asia (Japan a d Taiwan) by Horikawa (1934). This species is widely distributed in southern Asia from Thailand, 0007-2745/95/383-384$0.35/0 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.246 on Tue, 27 Sep 2016 05:57:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 384 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 98 Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Borneo, and Philippines. The present report represents the first record in mainland China. The Chinese specimen was verified by B. Tan. Specimen examined.--CHINA. YUNNAN. Jinghong Co.: Xishuangbanna, Redfearn 33684 (FH, KUN, MO, SMS, PE).

Pendulothecium Enroth & He gen. nov. (Neckeraceae) includes the species P. oblongifolium (Hook. f. & Wils.) Enroth & He comb. nov., P. auriculatum (Wils.) Enroth & He comb. nov., and P. punctatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Enroth & He comb. nov. The first mentioned species has previously been assigned to the genus Porotrichum (Brid.) Hampe and the two latter species to Homalia (Brid.) B.S.G., which is pointed out to be almost exclusively a northern hemisphere genus. Pendulothecium is characterised by a unique combination of features, the most important of which are: the (bi)pinnate, often fairly dense mode of branching; the auriculate, mostly not complanate or spreading leaves; the non-twisted, in wet state 150-170 (-250) μm thick setae; and the cemuous to pendulous, in wet state broad-oblong to ellipsoid capsules. An exclusively Australasian (New Zealand and Norfolk Island) distribution provides further generic distinction. All three species are described and illustrated, and a key to them is provided.