1. DNA barcoding in the rust genus Chrysomyxa and its implications for the phylogeny of the genus
- Author
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Wolfgang Maier, Mathieu Allaire, Richard C. Hamelin, Agathe Vialle, Nicolas Feau, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), University of British Columbia (UBC), and This paper is dedicated to Patricia Crane, our colleague deceased in 2010, who was a dedicated urediniologist and who contributed her knowledge and samples to this publication. We thank Dr Scott A. Redhead and Louise Lefebvre from the National Mycological Herbarium and Pierre DesRochers from Natural Resources Canada for kindly providing important herbarium strains, Marie-Josee Bergeron and Isabelle Lamarre from Natural Resources Canada for constructive comments on the manuscript This research was financially supported through the Canadian Barcode of Life Research Network from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research of Canada, and other sponsors at www.BOLNET.org.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Species complex ,Physiology ,Chrysomyxa pyrolae ,phylogeny ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA barcoding ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genus ,Botany ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Genetics ,medicine ,DNA barcode ,mitochondrial heteroplasmon ,Internal transcribed spacer ,fungal pathogen ,DNA, Fungal ,species complex ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,[SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology ,Electronic Data Processing ,Coleosporium ,biology ,Basidiomycota ,cone rusts ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Chrysomyxa ,chrysomyxa needle rusts ,medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient ,Chrysomyxa ledi ,mycology - Abstract
International audience; Chrysomyxa rusts are fungal pathogens widely present in the boreal forest. Taxonomic delimitation and precise species identification are difficult within this genus because several species display similar morphological features. We applied a DNA barcode system based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit (28S) ribosomal RNA gene, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (NAD6) in 86 strains from 16 different Chrysomyxa species, including members of the Chrysomyxa ledi species complex. The nuclear ITS and 28S loci revealed higher resolving power than the mitochondrial genes. Amplification of the full CO1 barcode region failed due to the presence of introns limiting the dataset obtained with this barcode. In most cases the ITS barcodes were in agreement with taxonomic species based on phenotypic characters. Nevertheless we observed genetically distinct (different DNA barcodes) lineages within Chrysomyxa pyrolae and Chrysomyxa rhododendri, providing some evidence for allopatric speciation within these morphologically defined species. This finding, together with the observed pattern of host specificities of the studied rust fungi, suggest that species diversification within the C. ledi species complex might be governed by a set of factors such as specialisation to certain Ericaceae species as telial hosts and to a lesser extent specialization to different spruce species as aecial hosts. Moreover allopatric speciation by geographic disruption of species also seems to take place. When our data were integrated into a broader phylogenetic framework the Chrysomyxa genus unexpectedly was not resolved as a monophyletic group. Indeed the spruce cone rusts C. pyrolae and C. monesis coalesced with the pine needle rusts belonging to the genus Coleosporium, whereas the microcyclic species Chrysomyxa weirii was embedded within a clade comprising the genus Melampsora.
- Published
- 2011