1. Effects of macro- and micronutrients on exercise-induced hepcidin response in highly trained endurance athletes.
- Author
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Dahlquist DT, Stellingwerff T, Dieter BP, McKenzie DC, and Koehle MS
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Beverages, Bicycling, Biomarkers blood, British Columbia, Cross-Over Studies, Ferritins blood, Hemoglobins metabolism, Humans, Interleukin-6 blood, Iron blood, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Single-Blind Method, Time Factors, Young Adult, Athletes, Cholecalciferol administration & dosage, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Hepcidins blood, Nutritional Status, Physical Endurance, Vitamin K 2 administration & dosage
- Abstract
Iron deficiency has ergolytic effects on athletic performance. Exercise-induced inflammation impedes iron absorption in the digestive tract by upregulating the expression of the iron regulatory protein, hepcidin. Limited research indicates the potential of specific macro- and micronutrients on blunting exercise-induced hepcidin. Therefore, we investigated the effects of postexercise supplementation with protein and carbohydrate (CHO) and vitamins D
3 and K2 on the postexercise hepcidin response. Ten highly trained male cyclists (age: 26.9 ± 6.4 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 67.4 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 completed 4 cycling sessions in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, triple-crossover study. Experimental days consisted of an 8-min warm-up at 50% power output at maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 8 × 3-min intervals at 85% power output at maximal oxygen uptake with 1.5 min at 60% power output at maximal oxygen uptake between each interval. Blood samples were collected pre- and postexercise, and at 3 h postexercise. Three different drinks consisting of CHO (75 g) and protein (25 g) with (VPRO) or without (PRO) vitamins D3 (5000 IU) and K2 (1000 μg), or a zero-calorie control drink (PLA) were consumed immediately after the postexercise blood sample. Results showed that the postexercise drinks had no significant (p ≥ 0.05) effect on any biomarker measured. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hepcidin and interleukin-6 following intense cycling intervals in the participants. Hepcidin increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline (nmol·L-1 : 9.94 ± 8.93, 14.18 ± 14.90, 10.44 ± 14.62) to 3 h postexercise (nmol·L-1 : 22.27 ± 13.41, 25.44 ± 11.91, 22.57 ± 15.57) in VPRO, PRO, and PLA, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, the drink compositions used did not blunt the postexercise hepcidin response in highly trained athletes.- Published
- 2017
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